Form990
Click to see attachment
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax
Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except black lung benefit trust or private foundation)

MediumBullet The organization may have to use a copy of this return to satisfy state reporting requirements.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public Inspection
A For the calendar year, or tax year beginning 10-01-2010 and ending 09-30-2011
BCheck if applicable:
CName of organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Doing Business As
 
 
Number and street (or P.O. box if mail is not delivered to street address)
257 Park Avenue South
17th Floor
Room/suite
City or town, state or country, and ZIP + 4
New York, NY10010
D Employer identification number

11-6107128
E Telephone number

G Gross receipts $ 125,085,898
F Name and address of principal officer:
Frederic D Krupp
257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH
NEW YORK,NY10010
I
Tax-exempt status: (   ) LeftBullet (insert no.) or
J
Website:MediumBullet
www.edf.org
H(a)
Is this a group return for
affiliates?
H(b)
Are all affiliates included?
If "No," attach a list. (see instructions)
H(c)
Group exemption number MediumBullet  
K Form of organization:
 
L Year of formation: 1967
M State of legal domicile: NY
Part I
Summary
Activities & Governance 1 Briefly describe the organization’s mission or most significant activities: To preserve the natural systems on which all life depends. Guided by science, we design and transform markets to bring lasting solutions to the most serious environmental problems.
2 Check this box MediumBullet
3 Number of voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1a) .... 3 38
4 Number of independent voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1b) .... 4 37
5 Total number of individuals employed in calendar year 2010 (Part V, line 2a) ... 5 480
6 Total number of volunteers (estimate if necessary) .... 6 20
7a Total unrelated business revenue from Part VIII, column (C), line 12 .. 7a -23,221
b Net unrelated business taxable income from Form 990-T, line 34 .. 7b -23,221
Revenues; Prior Year Current Year
8 Contributions and grants (Part VIII, line 1h) ......... 52,480,737 94,076,678
9 Program service revenue (Part VIII, line 2g) ......... 0 0
10 Investment income (Part VIII, column (A), lines 3, 4, and 7d ) .... 1,719,438 1,512,627
11 Other revenue (Part VIII, column (A), lines 5, 6d, 8c, 9c, 10c, and 11e) 693,483 768,956
12 Total revenue—add lines 8 through 11 (must equal Part VIII, column (A), line 12)................... 54,893,658 96,358,261
Expenses; 13 Grants and similar amounts paid (Part IX, column (A), lines 1–3 )... 9,061,178 8,826,110
14 Benefits paid to or for members (Part IX, column (A), line 4) .... 0 0
15 Salaries, other compensation, employee benefits (Part IX, column (A), lines 5–10) 38,695,834 41,128,103
16a Professional fundraising fees (Part IX, column (A), line 11e).... 996,353 668,697
b Total fundraising expenses (Part IX, column (D), line 25) MediumBullet10,938,888    
17 Other expenses (Part IX, column (A), lines 11a–11d, 11f–24f).... 39,334,091 37,917,445
18 Total expenses. Add lines 13–17 (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25) 88,087,456 88,540,355
19 Revenue less expenses. Subtract line 18 from line 12...... -33,193,798 7,817,906
Net Assets or Fund Balances; Beginning of Current Year End of Year
20 Total assets (Part X, line 16)............ 151,858,743 153,964,992
21 Total liabilities (Part X, line 26)............ 19,661,078 16,930,820
22 Net assets or fund balances. Subtract line 21 from line 20 ..... 132,197,665 137,034,172
Part II
Signature Block
Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this return, including accompanying schedules and statements, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, it is true, correct, and complete. Declaration of preparer (other than officer) is based on all information of which preparer has any knowledge.
Sign Here
JumboBullet
Signature of officer Date
JumboBullet
Type or print name and title.
Paid Preparer's Use Only Preparer's
signatureBig Right Arrow 		Date
right pointing bullet image Preparer’s taxpayer identification number
(see instructions)
Firm’s name (or yours
if self-employed),
address, and ZIP + 4Big Right Arrow




 		EIN right pointing bullet image
Phone no. right pointing bullet image
May the IRS discuss this return with the preparer shown above? (see instructions) .........
For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the separate instructions.
Cat. No. 11282Y
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 2
Part III
Statement of Program Service Accomplishments
Check if Schedule O contains a response to any question in this Part III . . . . . . . . . .
1
Briefly describe the organization’s mission: Environmental Defense Fund's mission is to preserve the natural systems on which all life depends. Guided by science, we design and transform markets to bring lasting solutions to the most serious environmental problems.
2
Did the organization undertake any significant program services during the year which were not listed on
the prior Form 990 or 990-EZ? ....................
If “Yes,” describe these new services on Schedule O.
3
Did the organization cease conducting, or make significant changes in how it conducts, any program services? ..........................
If “Yes,” describe these changes on Schedule O.
4
Describe the exempt purpose achievements for each of the organization’s three largest program services by expenses.
Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations and section 4947(a)(1) trusts are required to report the amount of grants and allocations to others, the total expenses, and revenue, if any, for each program service reported.
4a (Code:   ) (Expenses $ 29,277,692 including grants of $ 4,100,780 ) (Revenue $   )
Climate - See Schedule O
4b (Code:   ) (Expenses $ 19,923,155 including grants of $ 3,044,717 ) (Revenue $   )
Oceans - See Schedule O
4c (Code:   ) (Expenses $ 12,263,074 including grants of $ 699,759 ) (Revenue $   )
Restoring EcoSystems - See Schedule O
4d Other program services. (Describe in Schedule O.)
(Expenses $ 9,291,016 including grants of $ 1,086,809 ) (Revenue $   )
4e Total program service expensesMediumBullet$ 70,754,937
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 3
Part IV
Checklist of Required Schedules
Yes
No
1
Is the organization described in section 501(c)(3) or 4947(a)(1) (other than a private foundation)? If “Yes,” complete Schedule AClick to see attachment.....................
1
Yes
 
2
Is the organization required to complete Schedule B, Schedule of Contributors? Click to see attachment........
2
Yes
 
3
Did the organization engage in direct or indirect political campaign activities on behalf of or in opposition to candidates for public office? If “Yes,” complete Schedule C, Part IClick to see attachment..........
3
 
No
4
Section 501(c)(3) organizations. Did the organization engage in lobbying activities? If “Yes,” complete Schedule C,
Part IIClick to see attachment.........................
4
Yes
 
5
Is the organization a section 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), or 501(c)(6) organization that receives membership dues, assessments, or similar amounts as defined in Revenue Procedure 98-19? If “Yes,” complete Schedule C, Part III........................
5
 
 
6
Did the organization maintain any donor advised funds or any similar funds or accounts where donors have the right to provide advice on the distribution or investment of amounts in such funds or accounts? If “Yes,” complete
Schedule D, Part IClick to see attachment.......................
6
Yes
 
7
Did the organization receive or hold a conservation easement, including easements to preserve open space,
the environment, historic land areas or historic structures? If “Yes,” complete Schedule D, Part IIClick to see attachment...
7
 
No
8
Did the organization maintain collections of works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets? If “Yes,” complete Schedule D, Part III Click to see attachment....................
8
 
No
9
Did the organization report an amount in Part X, line 21; serve as a custodian for amounts not listed in Part X; or provide credit counseling, debt management, credit repair, or debt negotiation services? If “Yes,”
complete Schedule D, Part IVClick to see attachment...................
9
 
No
10
Did the organization, directly or through a related organization, hold assets in term, permanent,or quasi-endowments? If “Yes,” complete Schedule D, Part VClick to see attachment
10
Yes
 
11
If the organization’s answer to any of the following questions is ‘Yes,’ then complete Schedule D, Parts VI, VII, VIII, IX, or X as applicable:
a
Did the organization report an amount for land, buildings, and equipment in Part X, line10? If “Yes,” complete Schedule D, Part VI.Click to see attachment
11a
Yes
 
b
Did the organization report an amount for investments—other securities in Part X, line 12 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If “Yes,” complete Schedule D, Part VII.Click to see attachment
11b
Yes
 
c
Did the organization report an amount for investments—program related in Part X, line 13 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If “Yes,” complete Schedule D, Part VIII.Click to see attachment
11c
 
No
d
Did the organization report an amount for other assets in Part X, line 15 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If “Yes,” complete Schedule D, Part IX.Click to see attachment
11d
 
No
e
Did the organization report an amount for other liabilities in Part X, line 25? If “Yes,” complete Schedule D, Part X.Click to see attachment
11e
Yes
 
f
Did the organization’s separate or consolidated financial statements for the tax year include a footnote that addresses the organization’s liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC 740)? If “Yes,” complete Schedule D, Part X.Click to see attachment
11f
Yes
 
12a
Did the organization obtain separate, independent audited financial statements for the tax year? If “Yes,” complete Schedule D, Parts XI, XII, and XIII Click to see attachment
12a
 
No
b
Was the organization included in consolidated, independent audited financial statements for the tax year? If “Yes,” and if the organization answered ‘No’ to line 12a, then completing Schedule D, Parts XI, XII, and XIII is optional Click to see attachment
12b
Yes
 
13
Is the organization a school described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii)? If “Yes,” complete Schedule E
13
 
No
14a
Did the organization maintain an office, employees, or agents outside of the United States?....
14a
Yes
 
b
Did the organization have aggregate revenues or expenses of more than $10,000 from grantmaking, fundraising, business, and program service activities outside the United States? If “Yes,” complete Schedule F, Part I......... Click to see attachment
14b
Yes
 
15
Did the organization report on Part IX, column (A), line 3, more than $5,000 of grants or assistance to any organization or entity located outside the U.S.? If “Yes,” complete Schedule F, Part II.. Click to see attachment
15
Yes
 
16
Did the organization report on Part IX, column (A), line 3, more than $5,000 of aggregate grants or assistance to individuals located outside the U.S.? If “Yes,” complete Schedule F, Part III.. Click to see attachment
16
 
No
17
Did the organization report a total of more than $15,000, of expenses for professional fundraising services on Part IX, column (A), lines 6 and 11e? If “Yes,” complete Schedule G, Part IClick to see attachment
17
Yes
 
18
Did the organization report more than $15,000 total of fundraising event gross income and contributions on Part VIII, lines 1c and 8a? If “Yes,” complete Schedule G, Part II.......... Click to see attachment
18
 
No
19
Did the organization report more than $15,000 of gross income from gaming activities on Part VIII, line 9a? If “Yes,” complete Schedule G, Part III................... Click to see attachment
19
 
No
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 4
Part IV
Checklist of Required Schedules (continued)
20a
Did the organization operate one or more hospitals? If “Yes,” complete Schedule H.....
20a
 
No
b
Did the organization attach its audited financial statement to this return? Note: All Form 990 filers that operate one or more hospitals must attach audited financial statements. .....
20b
 
 
21
Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants and other assistance to governments and organizations in the United States on Part IX, column (A), line 1? If “Yes,” complete Schedule I, Parts I and II.. Click to see attachment
21
Yes
 
22
Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants and other assistance to individuals in the United States on Part IX, column (A), line 2? If “Yes,” complete Schedule I, Parts I and III..... Click to see attachment
22
Yes
 
23
Did the organization answer “Yes” to Part VII, Section A, questions 3, 4, or 5, about compensation of the organization’s current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees? If “Yes,” complete Schedule J................ Click to see attachment
23
Yes
 
24a
Did the organization have a tax-exempt bond issue with an outstanding principal amount of more than $100,000 as of the last day of the year, that was issued after December 31, 2002? If “Yes,” answer questions 24b–24d and complete Schedule K. If “No,” go to line 25................
24a
 
No
b
Did the organization invest any proceeds of tax-exempt bonds beyond a temporary period exception?...
24b
 
 
c
Did the organization maintain an escrow account other than a refunding escrow at any time during the year
to defease any tax-exempt bonds?......................
24c
 
 
d
Did the organization act as an “on behalf of” issuer for bonds outstanding at any time during the year?...
24d
 
 
25a
Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations. Did the organization engage in an excess benefit transaction with a disqualified person during the year? If “Yes,” complete Schedule L, Part I...... Click to see attachment
25a
 
No
b
Is the organization aware that it engaged in an excess benefit transaction with a disqualified person in a prior year, and that the transaction has not been reported on any of the organization’s prior Forms 990 or 990-EZ? If “Yes,” complete Schedule L, Part I................ Click to see attachment
25b
 
No
26
Was a loan to or by a current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, highly compensated employee, or disqualified person outstanding as of the end of the organization’s tax year? If “Yes,” complete Schedule L,
Part II........................... Click to see attachment
26
 
No
27
Did the organization provide a grant or other assistance to an officer, director, trustee, key employee, substantial contributor, or a grant selection committee member, or to a person related to such an individual? If “Yes,” complete Schedule L, Part III............... Click to see attachment
27
 
No
28
Was the organization a party to a business transaction with one of the following parties? (see Schedule L, Part IV instructions for applicable filing thresholds, conditions, and exceptions):
a
A current or former officer, director, trustee, or key employee? If “Yes,” complete Schedule L, Part IV ......................... Click to see attachment
28a
 
No
b
A family member of a current or former officer, director, trustee, or key employee? If “Yes,”
complete Schedule L, Part IV................... Click to see attachment
28b
Yes
 
c
An entity of which a current or former officer, director, trustee, or key employee (or a family member thereof) was an officer, director, trustee, or owner? If “Yes,” complete Schedule L, Part IV.. Click to see attachment
28c
 
No
29
Did the organization receive more than $25,000 in non-cash contributions? If “Yes,” complete Schedule MClick to see attachment
29
Yes
 
30
Did the organization receive contributions of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets, or qualified conservation contributions? If “Yes,” complete Schedule M............ Click to see attachment
30
 
No
31
Did the organization liquidate, terminate, or dissolve and cease operations? If “Yes,” complete Schedule N,
Part I........................... Click to see attachment
31
 
No
32
Did the organization sell, exchange, dispose of, or transfer more than 25% of its net assets? If “Yes,” complete Schedule N, Part II.......................
32
 
No
33
Did the organization own 100% of an entity disregarded as separate from the organization under Regulations sections 301.7701-2 and 301.7701-3? If “Yes,” complete Schedule R, Part I........ Click to see attachment
33
 
No
34
Was the organization related to any tax-exempt or taxable entity? If “Yes,” complete Schedule R, Parts II, III, IV, and V, line 1..................... Click to see attachment
34
Yes
 
35
Is any related organization a controlled entity within the meaning of section 512(b)(13)? .....
35
 
No
a
Did the organization receive any payment from or engage in any transaction with a controlled entity within the meaning of section 512(b)(13)? If “Yes,” complete Schedule R, Part V, line 2... Click to see attachment
36
Section 501(c)(3) organizations. Did the organization make any transfers to an exempt non-charitable related organization? If “Yes,” complete Schedule R, Part V, line 2........... Click to see attachment
36
Yes
 
37
Did the organization conduct more than 5% of its activities through an entity that is not a related organization and that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes? If “Yes,” complete Schedule R, Part VIClick to see attachment
37
 
No
38
Did the organization complete Schedule O and provide explanations in Schedule O for Part VI, lines 11 and 19? Note. All Form 990 filers are required to complete Schedule O. ............
38
Yes
 
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 5
Part V
Statements Regarding Other IRS Filings and Tax Compliance
Check if Schedule O contains a response to any question in this Part V . . . . . . . . . .
Yes
No
1a
Enter the number reported in Box 3 of Form 1096. Enter -0- if not applicable. .......
1a
294
b
Enter the number of Forms W-2G included in line 1a. Enter -0- if not applicable.
1b
0
c
Did the organization comply with backup withholding rules for reportable payments to vendors and reportable gaming (gambling) winnings to prize winners? ..................
1c
Yes
 
2a
Enter the number of employees reported on Form W-3, Transmittal of Wage and Tax Statements filed for the calendar year ending with or within the year covered by this return .....................
2a
480
b
If at least one is reported on line 2a, did the organization file all required federal employment tax returns?

Note. If the sum of lines 1a and 2a is greater than 250, you may be required to e-file. (see instructions)
2b
Yes
 
3a
Did the organization have unrelated business gross income of $1,000 or more during the year?.............................
3a
Yes
 
b
If “Yes,” has it filed a Form 990-T for this year? If “No,” provide an explanation in Schedule O.....
3b
Yes
 
4a
At any time during the calendar year, did the organization have an interest in, or a signature or other authority over, a financial account in a foreign country (such as a bank account or securities account)?.......................
4a
Yes
 
b
If "Yes," enter the name of the foreign country: MediumBulletMX , CJ
See instructions for filing requirements for Form TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts.
5a
Was the organization a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction at any time during the tax year?..
5a
 
No
b
Did any taxable party notify the organization that it was or is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction?
5b
 
No
c
If “Yes” to line 5a or 5b, did the organization file Form 8886-T? ........
5c
 
 
6a
Does the organization have annual gross receipts that are normally greater than $100,000, and did the organization solicit any contributions that were not tax deductible?..........
6a
 
No
b
If “Yes,” did the organization include with every solicitation an express statement that such contributions or gifts were not tax deductible?........................
6b
 
 
7
Organizations that may receive deductible contributions under section 170(c).
a
Did the organization receive a payment in excess of $75 made partly as a contribution and partly for goods and services provided to the payor?....................
7a
 
No
b
If “Yes,” did the organization notify the donor of the value of the goods or services provided?.....
7b
 
 
c
Did the organization sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of tangible personal property for which it was required to file Form 8282?...........................
7c
 
No
d
If “Yes,” indicate the number of Forms 8282 filed during the year ....
7d
 
e
Did the organization receive any funds, directly or indirectly, to pay premiums on a personal benefit contract?..........................
7e
 
No
f
Did the organization, during the year, pay premiums, directly or indirectly, on a personal benefit contract?..
7f
 
No
g
If the organization received a contribution of qualified intellectual property, did the organization file Form 8899 as required?...................
7g
 
 
h
If the organization received a contribution of cars, boats, airplanes, or other vehicles, did the organization file a Form 1098-C?...............
7h
 
 
8
Sponsoring organizations maintaining donor advised funds and section 509(a)(3) supporting organizations. Did the supporting organization, or a donor advised fund maintained by a sponsoring organization, have excess business holdings at any time during the year?................
8
 
No
9
Sponsoring organizations maintaining donor advised funds.
a
Did the organization make any taxable distributions under section 4966?.........
9a
 
No
b
Did the organization make a distribution to a donor, donor advisor, or related person?......
9b
 
No
10
Section 501(c)(7) organizations. Enter:
a
Initiation fees and capital contributions included on Part VIII, line 12 ...
10a
 
b
Gross receipts, included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12, for public use of club facilities
10b
 
11
Section 501(c)(12) organizations. Enter:
a
Gross income from members or shareholders .........
11a
 
b
Gross income from other sources (Do not net amounts due or paid to other sources against amounts due or received from them.) ........
11b
 
12a
Section 4947(a)(1) non-exempt charitable trusts. Is the organization filing Form 990 in lieu of Form 1041?
12a
 
 
b
If “Yes,” enter the amount of tax-exempt interest received or accrued during the year.
12b
 
13
Section 501(c)(29) qualified nonprofit health insurance issuers.
a
Is the organization licensed to issue qualified health plans in more than one state?
Note. All 501(c)(29) organizations must list in Schedule O each state in which they are licensed to issue qualified health plans, the amount of reserves required by each state, and the amount of reserves the organization allocated to each state.
13a
 
 
b
Enter the aggregate amount of reserves the organization is required to maintain by the states in which the organization is licensed to issue qualified health plans.
13b
 
c
Enter the aggregate amount of reserves on hand.
13c
 
14a
Did the organization receive any payments for indoor tanning services during the tax year?.....
14a
 
No
b
If "Yes," has it filed a Form 720 to report these payments? If “No,” provide an explanation in Schedule O..
14b
 
No
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 6
Part VI
Governance, Management, and Disclosure For each “Yes” response to lines 2 through 7b below, and for a “No” response to lines 8a, 8b, or 10b below, describe the circumstances, processes, or changes in Schedule O. See instructions.
Check if Schedule O contains a response to any question in this Part VI . . . . . . . . . .
Section A. Governing Body and Management
Yes
No
1a
Enter the number of voting members of the governing body at the end of the tax year ..............
1a
38
b
Enter the number of voting members included in line 1a, above, who are independent .................
1b
37
2
Did any officer, director, trustee, or key employee have a family relationship or a business relationship with any other officer, director, trustee, or key employee? .................
2
 
No
3
Did the organization delegate control over management duties customarily performed by or under the direct supervision of officers, directors or trustees, or key employees to a management company or other person? ..
3
 
No
4
Did the organization make any significant changes to its governing documents since the prior Form 990 was filed?
4
 
No
5
Did the organization become aware during the year of a significant diversion of the organization’s assets? .
5
 
No
6
Does the organization have members or stockholders? ................
6
 
No
7a
Does the organization have members, stockholders, or other persons who may elect one or more members of the governing body? .........................
7a
 
No
b
Are any decisions of the governing body subject to approval by members, stockholders, or other persons? ..
7b
 
No
8
Did the organization contemporaneously document the meetings held or written actions undertaken during the year by the following:
a
The governing body? .........................
8a
Yes
 
b
Each committee with authority to act on behalf of the governing body? ............
8b
Yes
 
9
Is there any officer, director, trustee, or key employee listed in Part VII, Section A, who cannot be reached at the organization’s mailing address? If “Yes,” provide the names and addresses in Schedule O .....
9
 
No
Section B. Policies (This Section B requests information about policies not required by the Internal
Revenue Code.)
Yes
No
10a
Does the organization have local chapters, branches, or affiliates? ............
10a
 
No
b
If “Yes,” does the organization have written policies and procedures governing the activities of such chapters, affiliates, and branches to ensure their operations are consistent with those of the organization? ....
10b
 
 
11a
Has the organization provided a copy of this Form 990 to all members of its governing body before filing the form?
11a
Yes
 
b
Describe in Schedule O the process, if any, used by the organization to review the Form 990. .....
12a
Does the organization have a written conflict of interest policy? If “No,” go to line 13.......
12a
Yes
 
b
Are officers, directors or trustees, and key employees required to disclose annually interests that could give rise to conflicts? ...........................
12b
Yes
 
c
Does the organization regularly and consistently monitor and enforce compliance with the policy? If “Yes,” describe in Schedule O how this is done ....................
12c
Yes
 
13
Does the organization have a written whistleblower policy? ...............
13
Yes
 
14
Does the organization have a written document retention and destruction policy? .........
14
Yes
 
15
Did the process for determining compensation of the following persons include a review and approval by independent persons, comparability data, and contemporaneous substantiation of the deliberation and decision?
a
The organization’s CEO, Executive Director, or top management official ...........
15a
Yes
 
b
Other officers or key employees of the organization ................
15b
Yes
 
If "Yes" to line a or b, describe the process in Schedule O. (See instructions.)
16a
Did the organization invest in, contribute assets to, or participate in a joint venture or similar arrangement with a taxable entity during the year? ......................
16a
 
No
b
If “Yes,” has the organization adopted a written policy or procedure requiring the organization to evaluate its participation in joint venture arrangements under applicable federal tax law, and taken steps to safeguard the organization’s exempt status with respect to such arrangements? ............
16b
 
 
Section C. Disclosure
17
List the States with which a copy of this Form 990 is required to be filedMediumBullet
AL , AK , AZ , AR , CA , CO , CT , FL , GA , HI , IL , KS , KY , LA , ME , MD , MA , MI , MN , MS , NV , NH , NJ , NM , NY , NC , ND , OH , OK , OR , PA , RI , SC , TN , UT , VA , WA , WV , WI
18
Section 6104 requires an organization to make its Form 1023 (or 1024 if applicable), 990, and 990-T (501(c)(3)s only) available for public inspection. Indicate how you make these available. Check all that apply.
19
Describe in Schedule O whether (and if so, how), the organization makes its governing documents, conflict of interest policy, and financial statements available to the public.
20
State the name, physical address, and telephone number of the person who possesses the books and records of the organization: MediumBullet
PETER ACCINNO
257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH
New York,NY10010
(212) 616-1202
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 7
Part VII
Compensation of Officers, Directors,Trustees, Key Employees, Highest Compensated Employees, and Independent Contractors
Check if Schedule O contains a response to any question in this Part VII . . . . . . . . . .
Section A. Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees
1a Complete this table for all persons required to be listed. Report compensation for the calendar year ending with or within the organization’s tax year.
RoundBullet List all of the organization’s current officers, directors, trustees (whether individuals or organizations), regardless of amount
of compensation, and current key employees. Enter -0- in columns (D), (E), and (F) if no compensation was paid.

RoundBullet List all of the organization’s current key employees, if any. See instructions for definition of "key employee."
RoundBullet List the organization’s five current highest compensated employees (other than an officer, director, trustee or key employee)
who received reportable compensation (Box 5 of Form W-2 and/or Box 7 of Form 1099-MISC) of more than $100,000 from the
organization and any related organizations.

RoundBullet List all of the organization’s former officers, key employees, or highest compensated employees who received more than $100,000
of reportable compensation from the organization and any related organizations.

RoundBullet List all of the organization’s former directors or trustees that received, in the capacity as a former director or trustee of the
organization, more than $10,000 of reportable compensation from the organization and any related organizations.

List persons in the following order: individual trustees or directors; institutional trustees; officers; key employees; highest
compensated employees; and former such persons.
Check this box if neither the organization nor any related organizations compensated any current or former officer, director, or trustee.
(A)
Name and Title 		(B)
Average hours per week (describe hours for related organizations in Schedule O) 		(C)
Position (check all that apply) 		(D)
Reportable compensation from the organization (W- 2/1099-MISC) 		(E)
Reportable compensation from related organizations (W- 2/1099-MISC) 		(F)
Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
Individual Trustee or Director; Institutional Trustee; Officer; Key Employee; Highest compensated employee; Former;
(1) Carl Ferenbach
Chair
 2.0 X   X       0 0 0
(2) Arthur Kern
Vice Chair
 2.0 X   X       0 0 0
(3) Arthur P Cooley
Secretary
 2.0 X   X       0 0 0
(4) G Leonard Baker Jr
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(5) Rod Beckstrom
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(6) James W B Benkard
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(7) Sally G Bingham MDiv
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(8) Shelby W Bonnie
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(9) William K Bowes Jr
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(10) Ruth DeFries PhD
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(11) Ann Doerr
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(12) Susan Ford Dorsey
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(13) Stanley Druckenmiller
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(14) Roger Enrico
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(15) Kirsten J Feldman
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(16) Jeanne Donovan Fisher
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(17) Lynn R Goldman MD MPH
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 8
Part VII
Section A. Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees (continued)
(A)
Name and Title 		(B)
Average hours per week (describe hours for related organizations in Schedule O) 		(C)
Position (check all that apply) 		(D)
Reportable compensation from the organization (W- 2/1099-MISC) 		(E)
Reportable compensation from related organizations (W- 2/1099-MISC) 		(F)
Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
Individual Trustee or Director; Institutional Trustee; Officer; Key Employee; Highest compensated employee; Former;
(18) Hannelore Grantham
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(19) Charles J Hamilton Jr
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(20) Mark W Heising
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(21) The Honorable Thomas H Kean
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(22) Ricardo Lagos
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(23) Richard J Lazarus
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(24) Sarah Liao Sau-tung PhD
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(25) Frank Loy
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(26) Susan Mandel
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(27) Kathryn Murdoch
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(28) N J Nicholas Jr
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(29) Kenneth Olden PhD ScD
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(30) Signe Ostby
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(31) Stephen W Pacala PhD
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(32) Robert M Perkowitz
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(33) Julian H Robertson Jr
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(34) Peggy M Shepard
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(35) Douglas W Shorenstein
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(36) Sam Rawlings Walton
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(37) Paul Junger Witt
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(38) Charles F Wurster PhD
TRUSTEE
 2.0 X           0 0 0
(39) Frederic D Krupp
PRESIDENT
 50.0     X       426,032 0 52,582
(40) Elizabeth Henshaw
CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER
 40.0     X       240,564 0 38,177
(41) Peter Accinno
CFO & TREASURER
 40.0     X       216,950 0 18,793
(42) Daniel J Dudek
Vice President
 40.0         X   296,013 0 86,587
(43) David Festa
VP WEST COAST
 40.0         X   282,716 0 28,706
(44) Marcia Aronoff
VP MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS
 40.0         X   237,863 0 25,535
(45) Cynthia Hampton
VP MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS
 40.0         X   231,053 0 24,322
(46) Stephen W Cochran
VP - Climate & Air
 40.0         X   214,793 0 35,474
1b Sub-Total................MediumBullet
c Total from continuation sheets to Part VII, Section A....MediumBullet
d Total (add lines 1b and 1c)............MediumBullet 2,145,984 0 310,176
2
Total number of individuals (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 in reportable compensation from the organizationMediumBullet89
Yes
No
3
Did the organization list any former officer, director or trustee, key employee, or highest compensated employee on line 1a? If “Yes,” complete Schedule J for such individual .............
3
 
No
4
For any individual listed on line 1a, is the sum of reportable compensation and other compensation from the organization and related organizations greater than $150,000? If “Yes,” complete Schedule J for such individual...........................
4
Yes
 
5
Did any person listed on line 1a receive or accrue compensation from any unrelated organization or individual for services rendered to the organization? If “Yes,” complete Schedule J for such person .....
5
 
No
Section B. Independent Contractors
1
Complete this table for your five highest compensated independent contractors that received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization.
(A)
Name and business address 		(B)
Description of services 		(C)
Compensation
DICKSTEIN SHAPIRO LLP
P O BOX 759110
BALTIMORE,MD212759110 		Consul & Legal Svc 145,933
KL GATES LLP
1601 K STREET NW
WASHINGTON,DC20006 		Consul & Legal Svc 697,031
ECO ANALYTICS LLP
545 VEREDA DEL CIERVO
GOLETA,CA93117 		DESIGN&DATA ANALY 623,233
MCELROY SULLIVAN MILLER LLP
PO BOX 12127
AUSTIN,TX78711 		Consulting Services 396,268
DOROTHY LOWMAN
6507 SW BARNES ROAD
PORTLAND,OR97225 		NAT RESOURCE CONSULT 146,006
2
Total number of independent contractors (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 in compensation from the organization MediumBullet5
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 9
Part VIII
Statement of Revenue
(A)
Total revenue 		(B)
Related or
exempt
function
revenue 		(C)
Unrelated
business
revenue 		(D)
Revenue
excluded from
tax under sections
512, 513, or 514
Contributions, gifts, grants and other similar amounts 1a Federated campaigns..1a 193,503
b Membership dues....1b  
c Fundraising events....1c  
d Related organizations...1d  
e Government grants (contributions)1e 2,357,192
f All other contributions, gifts, grants, and
similar amounts not included above1f 		91,525,983
g Noncash contributions included in lines 1a-1f:$ 2,621,432
h Total. Add lines 1a-1f.......MediumBullet 94,076,678
Program Service Revenue Business Code
2a
b
c
d
e
f All other program service revenue .        
g Total. Add lines 2a–2f........MediumBullet 0
Other Revenue 3 Investment income (including dividends, interest
and other similar amounts).....MediumBullet 1,031,816   -23,221 1,055,037
4 Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds..MediumBullet 0      
5 Royalties............MediumBullet 0      
(i) Real (ii) Personal
6a Gross Rents    
b Less: rental expenses    
c Rental income or (loss)    
d Net rental income or (loss).......MediumBullet        
(i) Securities (ii) Other
7a Gross amount from sales of assets other than inventory 29,208,448  
b Less: cost or other basis and sales expenses 28,727,637  
c Gain or (loss) 480,811  
d Net gain or (loss)..........MediumBullet 480,811     480,811
8a Gross income from fundraising events (not including
$  
of contributions reported on line 1c). See Part IV, line 18 ...
a  
b Less: direct expenses ...b  
c Net income or (loss) from fundraising events..MediumBullet 0    
9a Gross income from gaming activities.
See Part IV, line 19 ...
a  
b Less: direct expenses ...b  
c Net income or (loss) from gaming activities...MediumBullet 0      
10a Gross sales of inventory, less
returns and allowances .
a  
b Less: cost of goods sold ..b  
c Net income or (loss) from sales of inventory..MediumBullet 0      
Miscellaneous Revenue Business Code
11a ROYALTIES AND LIST RENTAL FEES   213,573     213,573
b OTHER REVENUE   555,383     555,383
c            
d All other revenue ....        
e Total. Add lines 11a–11d ......MediumBullet 768,956
12 Total revenue. See Instructions....MediumBullet 96,358,261   -23,221 2,304,804
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 10
Part IX
Statement of Functional Expenses
Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations must complete all columns. All other organizations must complete column (A) but are not required to complete columns (B), (C), and (D).
Do not include amounts reported on lines 6b,
7b, 8b, 9b, and 10b of Part VIII. 		(A)
Total expenses 		(B)
Program service expenses 		(C)
Management and general expenses 		(D)
Fundraising expenses
1 Grants and other assistance to governments and organizations in the U.S. See Part IV, line 21 4,747,214 4,747,214
2 Grants and other assistance to individuals in the U.S. See Part IV, line 22 114,311 114,311
3 Grants and other assistance to governments, organizations, and individuals outside the U.S. See Part IV, lines 15 and 16 3,964,585 3,964,585
4 Benefits paid to or for members 0  
5 Compensation of current officers, directors, trustees, and key employees .... 1,061,387 804,965 77,513 178,909
6 Compensation not included above, to disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)) and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B) .... 0      
7 Other salaries and wages 32,009,242 24,276,100 2,337,620 5,395,522
8 Pension plan contributions (include section 401(k) and section 403(b) employer contributions) .... 1,469,980 1,114,846 107,352 247,782
9 Other employee benefits ....... 4,139,803 3,139,664 302,328 697,811
10 Payroll taxes ........... 2,447,691 1,856,351 178,754 412,586
11 Fees for services (non-employees):        
a Management ...... 0      
b Legal ......... 780,237 756,830 11,313 12,094
c Accounting ........... 98,000   98,000  
d Lobbying ........... 921,528 921,528    
e Professional fundraising. See Part IV, line 17.. 668,697 668,697
f Investment management fees ...... 142,776   142,776  
g Other .......... 14,365,384 14,243,021   122,363
12 Advertising and promotion .... 5,260,146 4,870,893 1,961 387,292
13 Office expenses ....... 1,445,209 911,597 256,652 276,960
14 Information technology ...... 1,986,696 1,089,715 433,856 463,125
15 Royalties .. 0      
16 Occupancy ........... 4,723,408 1,934,429 2,040,266 748,713
17 Travel ............ 4,101,481 3,441,956 98,934 560,591
18 Payments of travel or entertainment expenses for any federal, state, or local public officials ...... 0      
19 Conferences, conventions, and meetings .... 2,094,090 1,748,145 44,547 301,398
20 Interest ........... 128,236   128,236  
21 Payments to affiliates ....... 0      
22 Depreciation, depletion, and amortization ..... 1,486,278 438,313 584,729 463,236
23 Insurance .............. 116,762 113,260 1,693 1,809
24 Other expenses. Itemize expenses not covered above. (Expenses grouped together and labeled miscellaneous may not exceed 5% of total expenses shown on line 25 below.)
a MISCELLANEOUS 267,214 267,214    
b
c
d
e
f All other expenses        
25 Total functional expenses. Add lines 1 through 24f 88,540,355 70,754,937 6,846,530 10,938,888
26 Joint costs. Check here MediumBullet if following
SOP 98-2 (ASC 958-720). Complete this line only if the organization reported in column (B) joint costs from a combined educational campaign and fundraising solicitation 		6,279,916 4,709,871 582,470 987,575
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 11
Part X Balance Sheet
(A)
Beginning of year 		(B)
End of year
Assets 1 Cash—non-interest-bearing .......... 4,692,041 1 2,169,567
2 Savings and temporary cash investments ....... 9,673,228 2 3,535,914
3 Pledges and grants receivable, net ......... 77,812,505 3 88,753,479
4 Accounts receivable, net ......... 228,475 4 0
5 Receivables from current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees. Complete Part II of
Schedule L ..........   5  
6 Receivables from other disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)) and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B). Complete Part II of
Schedule L ..........   6  
7 Notes and loans receivable, net .............   7  
8 Inventories for sale or use .............. 126,586 8 100,703
9 Prepaid expenses and deferred charges ............ 764,734 9 1,060,157
10a Land, buildings, and equipment: cost or other basis. Complete Part VI of Schedule D 10a 12,069,965
b Less: accumulated depreciation. ..... 10b 7,551,286 4,456,102 10c 4,518,679
11 Investments—publicly traded securities .......... 28,946,310 11 31,789,427
12 Investments—other securities. See Part IV, line 11 ...... 20,619,049 12 18,390,316
13 Investments—program-related. See Part IV, line 11 ..   13  
14 Intangible assets .........   14  
15 Other assets. See Part IV, line 11 ........... 4,539,713 15 3,646,750
16 Total assets. Add lines 1 through 15 (must equal line 34)... 151,858,743 16 153,964,992
Liabilities 17 Accounts payable and accrued expenses . 5,273,892 17 4,351,631
18 Grants payable ..........   18  
19 Deferred revenue .......... 37,651 19 30,397
20 Tax-exempt bond liabilities ..........   20  
21 Escrow or custodial account liability. Complete Part IV of Schedule D..   21  
22 Payables to current and former officers, directors, trustees, key
employees, highest compensated employees, and disqualified
persons. Complete Part II of Schedule L..........   22  
23 Secured mortgages and notes payable to unrelated third parties .. 2,023,847 23 1,489,853
24 Unsecured notes and loans payable to unrelated third parties ....   24  
25 Other liabilities. Complete Part X of Schedule D..... 12,325,688 25 11,058,939
26 Total liabilities. Add lines 17 through 25..... 19,661,078 26 16,930,820
Net Assets or Fund Balance Organizations that follow SFAS 117, check here MediumBullet and complete lines 27 through 29, and lines 33 and 34.
27 Unrestricted net assets ..... 41,070,733 27 39,235,319
28 Temporarily restricted net assets ..... 87,390,434 28 94,062,355
29 Permanently restricted net assets ..... 3,736,498 29 3,736,498
Organizations that do not follow SFAS 117, check here MediumBullet and complete lines 30 through 34.
30 Capital stock or trust principal, or current funds .....   30  
31 Paid-in or capital surplus, or land, building or equipment fund .....   31  
32 Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated income, or other funds   32  
33 Total net assets or fund balances ..... 132,197,665 33 137,034,172
34 Total liabilities and net assets/fund balances ..... 151,858,743 34 153,964,992
Form 990 (2010)
Form 990 (2010)
Page 12
Part XI
Reconcilliation of Net Assets
Check if Schedule O contains a response to any question in this Part XI . . . . . . . . . .
1
Total revenue (must equal Part VIII, column (A), line 12) . . .
1
96,358,261
2
Total expenses (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25) . . . . .
2
88,540,355
3
Revenue less expenses. Subtract line 2 from line 1 . . . .
3
7,817,906
4
Net assets or fund balances at beginning of year (must equal Part X, line 33, column (A)) . .
4
132,197,665
5
Other changes in net assets or fund balances (explain in Schedule O) . . . .
5
-2,981,399
6
Net assets or fund balances at end of year. Combine lines 3, 4, and 5 (must equal Part X, line 33, column (B)) . . . . . .
6
137,034,172
Part XII
Financial Statements and Reporting
Check if Schedule O contains a response to any question in this Part XII . . . . . . . . . .
Yes
No
1
Accounting method used to prepare the Form 990:  
If the organization changed its method of accounting from a prior year or checked "Other," explain in
Schedule O.
2a
Were the organization’s financial statements compiled or reviewed by an independent accountant?..
2a
 
No
b
Were the organization’s financial statements audited by an independent accountant?........
2b
Yes
 
c
If “Yes,” to 2a or 2b, does the organization have a committee that assumes responsibility for oversight of the audit, review, or compilation of its financial statements and selection of an independent accountant?
If the organization changed either its oversight process or selection process during the tax year, explain in Schedule O............................
2c
Yes
 
d
If “Yes” to line 2a or 2b, check a box below to indicate whether the financial statements for the year were issued on a separate basis, consolidated basis, or both:
3a
As a result of a federal award, was the organization required to undergo an audit or audits as set forth in the Single Audit Act and OMB Circular A-133? ................
3a
Yes
 
b
If “Yes,” did the organization undergo the required audit or audits? If the organization did not undergo the required audit or audits, explain why in Schedule O and describe any steps taken to undergo such audits. ..
3b
Yes
 
Form 990 (2010)
Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  
Form 990, Special Condition Description:
Special Condition Description
SCHEDULE A
(Form 990 or 990EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Public Charity Status and Public Support

Complete if the organization is a section 501(c)(3) organization or a section
4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust.
right arrow Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ. right arrow See separate instructions.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public
Inspection
Name of the organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part I
Reason for Public Charity Status (All organizations must complete this part.) See instructions
The organization is not a private foundation because it is: (For lines 1 through 11, check only one box.)
1
2
3
4
5
section 170(b)(1)(A)(iv). (Complete Part II.)
6
7
8
9
receipts from activities related to its exempt functions—subject to certain exceptions, and (2) no more than 331/3% of
its support from gross investment income and unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 tax) from businesses
acquired by the organization after June 30, 1975. See section 509(a)(2). (Complete Part III.)
10
11
e
f
g
(i) a person who directly or indirectly controls, either alone or together with persons described in (ii)
Yes
No
and (iii) below, the governing body of the the supported organization? ................
11g(i)
 
 
(ii) a family member of a person described in (i) above? ......................
11g(ii)
 
 
(iii) a 35% controlled entity of a person described in (i) or (ii) above? ................
11g(iii)
 
 
h
(i)
Name of supported organization 		(ii)
EIN 		(iii)
Type of organization (described on lines 1- 9 above or IRC section (see instructions)) 		(iv)
Is the organization in col. (i) listed in your governing document? 		(v)
Did you notify the organization in col. (i) of your support? 		(vi)
Is the organization in col. (i) organized in the U.S.? 		(vii)
Amount of support?
Yes No Yes No Yes No
Total                  

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.
Cat. No. 11285F
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Page 2
Part II
Support Schedule for Organizations Described in IRC 170(b)(1)(A)(iv) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 5, 7, or 8 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part III. If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part III.)
Section A. Public Support
Calendar year(or fiscal year beginning in) (a) 2006 (b) 2007 (c) 2008 (d) 2009 (e) 2010 (f) Total
1 Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") .... 83,827,034 122,134,631 126,116,250 52,480,737 94,076,678 478,635,330
2 Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf.......            
3 The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..            
4 Total. Add lines 1 through 3.. 83,827,034 122,134,631 126,116,250 52,480,737 94,076,678 478,635,330
5 The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f)..           118,025,015
6 Public Support. Subtract line 5 from line 4.           360,610,315
Section B. Total Support
Calendar year(or fiscal year beginning in) (a) 2006 (b) 2007 (c) 2008 (d) 2009 (e) 2010 (f) Total
7 Amounts from line 4.. 83,827,034 122,134,631 126,116,250 52,480,737 94,076,678 478,635,330
8 Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources.. 919,929 1,090,838 686,847 744,107 1,031,816 4,473,537
9 Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on..            
10 Other income. (Explain in Part IV.) Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets.. 158,495 153,239 1,163,670 693,483 403,352 2,572,239
11 Total support (Add lines 7 through 10).           485,681,106
12
12
1,458,252
13
Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage
14
14
74.248 %
15
15
74.732 %
16a
b
17a
b
18
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Page 3
Part III
Support Schedule for Organizations Described in IRC 509(a)(2)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 9 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part II. If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part II.)
Section A. Public Support
Calendar year(or fiscal year beginning in) (a) 2006 (b) 2007 (c) 2008 (d) 2009 (e) 2010 (f) Total
1 Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") .            
2 Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose......            
3 Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513..            
4 Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf...            
5 The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..            
6 Total. Add lines 1 through 5.            
7a Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons...            
b Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year.            
c Add lines 7a and 7b..            
8 Public Support (Subtract line 7c from line 6.)            
Section B. Total Support
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) (a) 2006 (b) 2007 (c) 2008 (d) 2009 (e) 2010 (f) Total
9 Amounts from line 6...            
10a Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources..            
b Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975.            
c Add lines 10a and 10b.            
11 Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.            
12 Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part IV.)            
13 Total support (Add lines 9, 10c, 11 and 12.).            
14
Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage
15
15
 
16
16
 
Section D. Computation of Investment Income Percentage
17
17
 
18
18
 
19a
b
20
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Page 4
Part IV
Supplemental Information. Supplemental Information. Complete this part to provide the explanation required by Part II, line 10; Part II, line 17a or 17b; or Part III, line 12. Also complete this part for any additional information. (See instructions).
Facts And Circumstances Test
 
Explanation
 
 
 
 
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010

Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  
Schedule B
(Form 990, 990-EZ,
or 990-PF)
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Schedule of Contributors
Arrow Bullet Attach to Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Name of organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number

11-6107128
Organization type (check one):
Filers of:
Section:
Form 990 or 990-EZ





Form 990-PF




Check if your organization is covered by the General Rule or a Special Rule.  
Note. Only a section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) organization can check boxes for both the General Rule and a Special Rule. See instructions.
General Rule—
Special Rules
......................... Arrow Bullet   $    
Caution. An Organization that is not covered by the General Rule and/or the Special Rules does not file Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF), but it must answer “No” on Part IV, line 2 of its Form 990, or check the box in the heading of its
Form 990-EZ, or on line 2 of its Form 990-PF, to certify that it does not meet the filing requirements of Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF).
For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions
for Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.
Cat. No. 30613XSchedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2010)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2010)
Page 1 of 1 of Part I
Name of organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
  		Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part I
Contributors (see Instructions)
     
(a)
No.		 (b)
Name, address, and ZIP + 4		 (c)
Aggregate contributions		 (d)
Type of contribution
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED
 

     
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED  
RESTRICTED, RESTRICTED   RESTRICTED

$RESTRICTED




(Complete Part II if there is
a noncash contribution.)
(a)
No.		 (b)
Name, address, and ZIP + 4		 (c)
Aggregate contributions		 (d)
Type of contribution
 
 
 

     
 
   

$  




(Complete Part II if there is
a noncash contribution.)
(a)
No.		 (b)
Name, address, and ZIP + 4		 (c)
Aggregate contributions		 (d)
Type of contribution
 
 
 

     
 
   

$  




(Complete Part II if there is
a noncash contribution.)
(a)
No.		 (b)
Name, address, and ZIP + 4		 (c)
Aggregate contributions		 (d)
Type of contribution
 
 
 

     
 
   

$  




(Complete Part II if there is
a noncash contribution.)
(a)
No.		 (b)
Name, address, and ZIP + 4		 (c)
Aggregate contributions		 (d)
Type of contribution
 
 
 

     
 
   

$  




(Complete Part II if there is
a noncash contribution.)
(a)
No.		 (b)
Name, address, and ZIP + 4		 (c)
Aggregate contributions		 (d)
Type of contribution
 
 
 

     
 
   

$  




(Complete Part II if there is
a noncash contribution.)
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2010)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2010)
Page 1 of 1 of Part II
Name of organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
  		Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part II
Noncash Property (see Instructions)
     
(a) No.
from
Part I		 (b)
Description of noncash property given		 (c)
FMV (or estimate)
(see instructions) 		(d)
Date received
 
$    
(a) No.
from
Part I		 (b)
Description of noncash property given		 (c)
FMV (or estimate)
(see instructions) 		(d)
Date received
 
$    
(a) No.
from
Part I		 (b)
Description of noncash property given		 (c)
FMV (or estimate)
(see instructions) 		(d)
Date received
 
$    
(a) No.
from
Part I		 (b)
Description of noncash property given		 (c)
FMV (or estimate)
(see instructions) 		(d)
Date received
 
$    
(a) No.
from
Part I		 (b)
Description of noncash property given		 (c)
FMV (or estimate)
(see instructions) 		(d)
Date received
 
$    
(a) No.
from
Part I		 (b)
Description of noncash property given		 (c)
FMV (or estimate)
(see instructions) 		(d)
Date received
 
$    
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2010)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2010)
Page 1 of 1 of Part III
Name of organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
  		Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part III
Exclusively religious, charitable, etc., individual contributions to section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) organizations
aggregating more than $1,000 for the year. (Complete columns (a) through (e) and the following line entry.)
For organizations completing Part III, enter the total of exclusively religious, charitable, etc.,
contributions of $1,000 or less for the year. (Enter this information once. See instructions.) Arrow Bullet $  
(a) No.
from
Part I		 (b)
Purpose of gift		 (c)
Use of gift		 (d)
Description of how gift is held
 
(e)
Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4 Relationship of transferor to transferee
 
 
       
 
(a) No.
from
Part I		 (b)
Purpose of gift		 (c)
Use of gift		 (d)
Description of how gift is held
 
(e)
Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4 Relationship of transferor to transferee
 
 
       
 
(a) No.
from
Part I		 (b)
Purpose of gift		 (c)
Use of gift		 (d)
Description of how gift is held
 
(e)
Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4 Relationship of transferor to transferee
 
 
       
 
(a) No.
from
Part I		 (b)
Purpose of gift		 (c)
Use of gift		 (d)
Description of how gift is held
 
(e)
Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4 Relationship of transferor to transferee
 
 
       
 
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2010)

Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  
SCHEDULE C
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Political Campaign and Lobbying Activities

For Organizations Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501(c) and section 527
SchCMd Bullet Complete if the organization is described below.
SchCMd Bullet Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ. SchCMd Bullet See separate instructions.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public
Inspection
If the organization answered “Yes,” to Form 990, Part IV, Line 3, or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 46 (Political Campaign Activities), then
Round Bullet Section 501(c)(3) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and B. Do not complete Part I-C.
Round Bullet Section 501(c) (other than section 501(c)(3)) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and C below. Do not complete Part I-B.
Round Bullet Section 527 organizations: Complete Part I-A only.
If the organization answered “Yes,” to Form 990, Part IV, Line 4, or Form 990-EZ, Part VI, line 47 (Lobbying Activities), then
Round Bullet Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)) Complete Part II-A. Do not complete Part II-B.
Round Bullet Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-B. Do not complete Part II-A.
If the organization answered “Yes,” to Form 990, Part IV, Line 5 (Proxy Tax) or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 35a (Proxy Tax), then
Round Bullet Section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) organizations: Complete Part III.
Name of the organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part I-A
Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c) or is a section 527 organization.

1
Provide a description of the organization's direct and indirect political campaign activities on behalf of or in opposition to candidates for public office in Part IV.
2
Political expenditures ....................................SchCMd Bullet
$  
3
Volunteer hours ........................................
 

Part I-B
Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3).
1
Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by the organization under section 4955 .........SchCMd Bullet
$  
2
Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by organization managers under section 4955 ......SchCMd Bullet
$  
3
If the organization incurred a section 4955 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? ..............
4a
Was a correction made? .........................................
b
If "Yes," describe in Part IV.
Part I-C
Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c) except section 501(c)(3).
1
Enter the amount directly expended by the filing organization for section 527 exempt function activities SchCMd Bullet
$  
2
Enter the amount of the filing organization's funds contributed to other organizations for section 527 exempt funtion activities ....................................SchCMd Bullet

$  
3
Total exempt function expenditures. Add lines 1 and 2. Enter here and on Form 1120-POL, line 17b..SchCMd Bullet

$  
4
Did the filing organization file Form 1120-POL for this year? ..........................
5
Enter the names, addresses and employer identification number (EIN) of all section 527 political organizations to which the filing
organization made payments. For each organization listed, enter the amount paid from the filing organization’s funds. Also enter the amount of political contributions received that were promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization, such as a separate segregated fund or a political action committee (PAC). If additional space is needed, provide information in Part IV.
(a) Name (b) Address (c) EIN (d) Amount paid from filing organization's funds. If none, enter -0-. (e) Amount of political contributions received and promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization. If none, enter -0-.










For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the instructions for Form 990.
Cat. No. 50084S
Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Page 2
Part II-A
Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).
A Check
B Check
Limits on Lobbying Expenditures
(The term "expenditures" means amounts paid or incurred.) 		(a) Filing
Organization's
Totals 		(b) Affiliated Group
Totals
1a Total lobbying expenditures to influence public opinion (grass roots lobbying) ...... 240,143  
b Total lobbying expenditures to influence a legislative body (direct lobbying) ....... 681,386  
c Total lobbying expenditures (add lines 1a and 1b) ................... 921,529  
d Other exempt purpose expenditures ........................ 87,618,827  
e Total exempt purpose expenditures (add lines 1c and 1d) ............... 88,540,356  
f Lobbying nontaxable amount. Enter the amount from the following table in both
columns.		 1,000,000  
  If the amount on line 1e, column (a) or (b) is:The lobbying nontaxable amount is:    
  Not over $500,00020% of the amount on line 1e.    
  Over $500,000 but not over $1,000,000$100,000 plus 15% of the excess over $500,000.    
  Over $1,000,000 but not over $1,500,000$175,000 plus 10% of the excess over $1,000,000.    
  Over $1,500,000 but not over $17,000,000$225,000 plus 5% of the excess over $1,500,000.    
  Over $17,000,000$1,000,000.    
       
g Grassroots nontaxable amount (enter 25% of line 1f) ................. 250,000  
h Subtract line 1g from line 1a. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................    
i Subtract line 1f from line 1c. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................    
j If there is an amount other than zero on either line 1h or line 1i, did the organization file Form 4720 reporting
section 4911 tax for this year? ......................................

4-Year Averaging Period Under Section 501(h)
(Some organizations that made a section 501(h) election do not have to complete all of the five
columns below. See the instructions for lines 2a through 2f on page 4.)
Lobbying Expenditures During 4-Year Averaging Period
  Calendar year (or fiscal year
beginning in) 		(a) 2007 (b) 2008 (c) 2009 (d) 2010 (e) Total
             
2a Lobbying non-taxable amount 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 4,000,000
             
b Lobbying ceiling amount
(150% of line 2a, column(e)) 		        6,000,000
             
c Total lobbying expenditures 922,617 889,883 896,377 921,529 3,630,406
             
d Grassroots non-taxable amount 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 1,000,000
             
e Grassroots ceiling amount
(150% of line 2d, column (e))		         1,500,000
             
f Grassroots lobbying expenditures 231,578 222,471 250,000 240,143 944,192
Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010


Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Page 3
Part II-B
Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and has NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).
(a)
Yes
No
(b)
Amount
1
During the year, did the filing organization attempt to influence foreign, national, state or local legislation, including any attempt to influence public opinion on a legislative matter or referendum, through the use of:
a
Volunteers? .........................................
 
 
b
Paid staff or management (include compensation in expenses reported on lines 1c through 1i)? ....
 
 
c
Media advertisements? ....................................
 
 
 
d
Mailings to members, legislators, or the public? .........................
 
 
 
e
Publications, or published or broadcast statements? .......................
 
 
 
f
Grants to other organizations for lobbying purposes? .......................
 
 
 
g
Direct contact with legislators, their staffs, government officials, or a legislative body? ........
 
 
 
h
Rallies, demonstrations, seminars, conventions, speeches, lectures, or any similar means? ......
 
 
 
i
Other activities? If "Yes," describe in Part IV ..........................
 
 
 
j
Total. lines 1c through 1i ...................................
 
2a
Did the activities in line 1 cause the organization to be not described in section 501(c)(3)? .....
 
 
b
If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred under section 4912 .................
 
c
If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred by organization managers under section 4912 .....
 
d
If the filing organization incurred a section 4912 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? .......
 
 
Part III-A
Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6).
Yes
No
1
Were substantially all (90% or more) dues received nondeductible by members? ................
1
 
 
2
Did the organization make only in-house lobbying expenditures of $2,000 or less? ................
2
 
 
3
Did the organization agree to carryover lobbying and political expenditures from the prior year? ..........
3
 
 
Part III-B
Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6) if BOTH Part III-A, lines 1 and 2 are answered “No” OR if Part III-A, line 3 is answered “Yes”.
1
Dues, assessments and similar amounts from members .....................
1
 
2
Section 162(e) non-deductible lobbying and political expenditures (do not include amounts of political
expenses for which the section 527(f) tax was paid).
a
Current year .........................................
2a
 
b
Carryover from last year ....................................
2b
 
c
Total ...........................................
2c
 
3
Aggregate amount reported in section 6033(e)(1)(A) notices of nondeductible section 162(e) dues .
3
 
4
If notices were sent and the amount on line 2c exceeds the amount on line 3, what portion of the excess does the organization agree to carryover to the reasonable estimate of nondeductible lobbying and political expenditure next year? ................................
4
 
5
Taxable amount of lobbying and political expenditures (see instructions) ..............
5
 
Part IV
Supplemental Information
Complete this part to provide the descriptions required for Part l-A, line 1; Part l-B, line 4; Part l-C, line 5; and Part ll-B, line 1i.
Also, complete this part for any additional information.
Identifier Return Reference Explanation
Schedule C (Form 990 or 990EZ) 2010

Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  

SCHEDULE D
(Form 990)
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Supplemental Financial Statements
SchDMd Bullet Complete if the organization answered "Yes," to Form 990,
Part IV, line 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12.
SchDMd Bullet Attach to Form 990. SchDMd Bullet See separate instructions.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public Inspection
Name of the organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part I
Organizations Maintaining Donor Advised Funds or Other Similar Funds or Accounts. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 6.
(a) Donor advised funds (b) Funds and other accounts
1 Total number at end of year ....... 2  
2 Aggregate contributions to (during year) ... 437,066  
3 Aggregate grants from (during year) ... 203,005  
4 Aggregate value at end of year ....... 1,251,209  
5
Did the organization inform all donors and donor advisors in writing that the assets held in donor advised
funds are the organization's property, subject to the organization's exclusive legal control? ............
6
Did the organization inform all grantees, donors, and donor advisors in writing that grant funds may be
used only for charitable purposes and not for the benefit of the donor or donor advisor, or for any other purpose conferring impermissible private benefit. ...................................
Part II
Conservation Easements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 7.
1
Purpose(s) of conservation easements held by the organization (check all that apply).
2
Complete lines 2a–2d if the organization held a qualified conservation contribution in the form of a conservation easement on the last day of the tax year.
Held at the End of the Year
a Total number of conservation easements ....................... 2a  
b Total acreage restricted by conservation easements .................. 2b  
c Number of conservation easements on a certified historic structure included in (a) ..... 2c  
d Number of conservation easements included in (c) acquired after 8/17/06 ........ 2d  
3
Number of conservation easements modified, transferred, released, extinguished, or terminated by the organization during
the taxable year SchDMd Bullet  
4
Number of states where property subject to conservation easement is located SchDMd Bullet  
5
Does the organization have a written policy regarding the periodic monitoring, inspection, handling of violations, and
enforcement of the conservation easements it holds? .............................
6
Staff and volunteer hours devoted to monitoring, inspecting and enforcing conservation easements during the year SchDMd Bullet  
7
Amount of expenses incurred in monitoring, inspecting, and enforcing conservation easements during the year SchDMd Bullet $  
8
Does each conservation easement reported on line 2(d) above satisfy the requirements of section
170(h)(4)(B)(i) and 170(h)(4)(B)(ii)? ....................................
9
In Part XIV, describe how the organization reports conservation easements in its revenue and expense statement, and
balance sheet, and include, if applicable, the text of the footnote to the organization’s financial statements that describes
the organization’s accounting for conservation easements.
Part III
Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 8.
1a
If the organization elected, as permitted under SFAS 116, not to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of
art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education or research in furtherance of public service,
provide, in Part XIV, the text of the footnote to its financial statements that describes these items.
b
If the organization elected, as permitted under SFAS 116, to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art,
historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service,
provide the following amounts relating to these items:
(i)
Revenues included in Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 ........................SchDMd Bullet $  
(ii)
Assets included in Form 990, Part X ..............................SchDMd Bullet $  
2
If the organization received or held works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets for financial gain, provide the
following amounts required to be reported under SFAS 116 relating to these items:
a
Revenues included in Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 ..........................SchDMd Bullet $  
b
Assets included in Form 990, Part X ...............................SchDMd Bullet $  
For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Intructions for Form 990
Cat. No. 52283D
Schedule D (Form 990) 2010

Schedule D (Form 990) 2010
Page 2
Part III
Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets (continued)
3
Using the organization’s accession and other records, check any of the following that are a significant use of its collection
items (check all that apply):
a
d
b
e
 
c
4
Provide a description of the organization’s collections and explain how they further the organization’s exempt purpose in
Part XIV.
5
During the year, did the organization solicit or receive donations of art, historical treasures or other similar
assets to be sold to raise funds rather than to be maintained as part of the organization’s collection?........
Part IV
Escrow and Custodial Arrangements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990,
Part IV, line 9, or reported an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21.
1a
Is the organization an agent, trustee, custodian or other intermediary for contributions or other assets not
included on Form 990, Part X? ....................................
b
If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIV and complete the following table:
Amount
c Beginning balance ................................. 1c  
d Additions during the year .............................. 1d  
e Distributions during the year ............................. 1e  
f Ending balance ................................... 1f  
2a
Did the organization include an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21? .....................
b
If “Yes,” explain the arrangement in Part XIV.
Part V
Endowment Funds. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 10.
(a)Current Year (b)Prior Year (c)Two Years Back (d)Three Years Back (e)Four Years Back
1a Beginning of year balance .... 4,533,102 4,533,102 4,533,102
b Contributions ........      
c Investment earnings or losses ... 212,740    
d Grants or scholarships .....      
e Other expenditures for facilities
and programs ........ 		253,787    
f Administrative expenses ....      
g End of year balance ...... 4,492,055 4,533,102 4,533,102
2
Provide the estimated percentage of the year end balance held as:
a
Board designated or quasi-endowment: SchDMd Bullet  
b
Permanent endowment: SchDMd Bullet83.080 %
c
Term endowment: SchDMd Bullet16.820 %
3a
Are there endowment funds not in the possession of the organization that are held and administered for the
organization by:

Yes
No
(i) unrelated organizations ........................
3a(i)
 
No
(ii) related organizations ........................
3a(ii)
 
No
b
If "Yes" to 3a(ii), are the related organizations listed as required on Schedule R? .........
3b
 
 
4
Describe in Part XIV the intended uses of the organization's endowment funds.
Part VI
Investments—Land, Buildings, and Equipment. See Form 990, Part X, line 10.
Description of investment (a) Cost or other basis (investment) (b)Cost or other basis (other) (c) Accumulated depreciation (d) Book value
1a Land .................      
b Buildings ................   393,319   393,319
c Leasehold improvements ............   4,635,275 3,325,234 1,310,041
d Equipment ................   3,193,954 1,814,841 1,379,113
e Other .................   3,847,417 2,411,211 1,436,206
Total. Add lines 1a-1e. (Column (d) should equal Form 990, Part X, column (B), line 10(c).)........SchDMdBullet 4,518,679
Schedule D (Form 990) 2010

Schedule D (Form 990) 2010
Page 3
Part VII
Investments—Other Securities. See Form 990, Part X, line 12.
(a) Description of security or category
(including name of security)		 (b)Book value (c) Method of valuation:
Cost or end-of-year market value
(1)Financial derivatives    
(2)Closely-held equity interests    
(3)Other
(A) SPLIT INTEREST AGREEMENTS 		6,955,790 F

(B) FUND OF FUNDS 		10,903,830 F

(C) PRIVATE EQUITIES 		54,432 F

(D) VENTURE CAPITAL 		476,264 F





Total. (Column (b) should equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 12.)Small Bullet 18,390,316
Part VIII
Investments—Program Related. See Form 990, Part X, line 13.
(a) Description of investment type (b) Book value (c) Method of valuation:
Cost or end-of-year market value








Total. (Column (b) should equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 13.)Small Bullet  
Part IX
Other Assets. See Form 990, Part X, line 15.
(a) Description (b) Book value








Total. (Column (b) should equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 15.)...........Small Bullet  
Part X
Other Liabilities. See Form 990, Part X, line 25.
1.(a) Description of Liability (b) Amount
Federal Income Taxes 0
OTHER DEPOSITS 2,333
DEFERRED RENT 47,742
ANNUITIES PAYABLE 4,384,880
SPLIT INT AGREEMENT LIABILITY 245,542
RETIREMENT PLAN LIABILITY 1,346,957
ACTION FUND 4,948,007
OTHER PROGRAM RELATED LIABILIT 83,478


Total. (Column (b) should equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 25.)Small Bullet 11,058,939
2. Fin 48 (ASC 740) Footnote. In Part XIV, provide the text of the footnote to the organization's financial statements that reports the organization's liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC740).
Schedule D (Form 990) 2010

Schedule D (Form 990) 2010
Page 4
Part XI Reconciliation of Change in Net Assets from Form 990 to Financial Statements
1 Total revenue (Form 990, Part VIII, column (A), line 12) .................... 1 96,358,261
2 Total expenses (Form 990, Part IX, column (A), line 25) ..................... 2 88,540,355
3 Excess or (deficit) for the year. Subtract line 2 from line 1 ............. 3 7,817,906
4 Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments .......................... 4 -2,981,399
5 Donated services and use of facilities ............................. 5  
6 Investment expenses ................................... 6  
7 Prior period adjustments .................................. 7  
8 Other (Describe in Part XIV) ................................. 8  
9 Total adjustments (net). Add lines 4 - 8 ............................. 9 -2,981,399
10 Excess or (deficit) for the year per financial statements. Combine lines 3 and 9 ......... 10 4,836,507
Part XII Reconciliation of Revenue per Audited Financial Statements With Revenue per Return
1 Total revenue, gains, and other support per audited financial statements ....... 1 93,376,862
2 Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12:
a Net unrealized gains on investments .......... 2a -2,981,399
b Donated services and use of facilities ......... 2b  
c Recoveries of prior year grants ........... 2c  
d Other (Describe in Part XIV): ............ 2d  
e Add lines 2a through 2d ..................... 2e -2,981,399
3 Subtract line 2e from line 1..................... 3 96,358,261
4 Amounts included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12, but not on line 1:
a Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b . 4a  
b Other (Describe in Part XIV): ........... 4b  
c Add lines 4a and 4b....................... 4c  
5 Total Revenue. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This should equal Form 990, Part I, line 12.) ...... 5 96,358,261
Part XIII Reconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Statements With Expenses per Return
1 Total expenses and losses per audited financial statements ............. 1 88,540,355
2 Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part IX, line 25:
a Donated services and use of facilities .......... 2a  
b Prior year adjustments .............. 2b  
c Other losses ................ 2c  
d Other (Describe in Part XIV): ............ 2d  
e Add lines 2a through 2d...................... 2e  
3 Subtract line 2e from line 1..................... 3 88,540,355
4 Amounts included on Form 990, Part IX, line 25, but not on line 1:
a Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b .. 4a  
b Other (Describe in Part XIV): ............ 4b  
c Add lines 4a and 4b....................... 4c  
5 Total expenses. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This should equal Form 990, Part I, line 18.) ...... 5 88,540,355
Part XIV
Supplemental Information
Complete this part to provide the descriptions required for Part II, lines 3, 5, and 9; Part III, lines 1a and 4; Part lV, lines 1b and 2b;
Part V, line 4; Part X; Part XI, line 8; Part XII, lines 2d and 4b; and Part XIII, lines 2d and 4b. Also complete this part to provide any additional information.
Identifier Return Reference Explanation
ENDOWMENT FUNDS SCHEDULE D, PART V, LINE 4 THE ORGANIZATION'S ENDOWMENT CONSISTS OF NINETEEN INDIVIDUAL FUNDS ESTABLISHED FOR A VARIETY OF PURPOSES AND CONSISTING ENTIRELY OF DONOR-RESTRICTED FUNDS. THE ORGANIZATION HAS ADOPTED INVESTMENT AND SPENDING POLICIES FOR ENDOWMENT ASSETS THAT ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE A PREDICTABLE STREAM OF FUNDING FOR PROGRAMS SUPPORTED BY ITS ENDOWMENT WHILE SEEKING TO MAINTAIN THE PURCHASING POWER OF THE ENDOWMENT ASSETS. UNDER THIS POLICY, AS APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, THE ENDOWMENT ASSETS ARE INVESTED WITH A FOCUS ON EARNING MARKET RETURNS OR BETTER WHILE ASSUMING A MODERATE LEVEL OF INVESTMENT RISK.
INCOME TAX DISCLOSURE PART X LINE 2 The Organization is subject to the provisions of ASC 740-10-05, relating to accounting and reporting for uncertainty in income taxes. Because of the Organization's general tax-exempt status, ASC 740-10-05 has not had, and is not expected to have, a material impact on the Organization's consolidated and consolidating financial statements.
Schedule D (Form 990) 2010

Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  




SCHEDULE F
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Statement of Activities Outside the United States
Right pointing arrow large image Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990,
Part IV, line 14b, 15, or 16.
Right pointing arrow large image Attach to Form 990. Right pointing arrow large image See separate instructions.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public Inspection
Name of the organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part I
General Information on Activities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered
“Yes” to Form 990, Part IV, line 14b.
1
For grantmakers. Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of the grants or
assistance, the grantees' eligibility for the grants or assistance, and the selection criteria used to award
the grants or assistance? ...................................
2
For grantmakers. Describe in Part V the organization’s procedures for monitoring the use of grant funds outside the
United States.
3
Activites per Region. (Use Part V if additional space is needed.)
(a) Region (b) Number of offices in the region (c) Number of employees or agents in region or independent contractors (d) Activities conducted in region (by type) (e.g., fundraising, program services, investments, grants to recipients located in the region) (e) If activity listed in (d) is a program service, describe specific type of
service(s) in region		 (f) Total
expenditures for region/investments
in region
North America 1 8 Grantmaking   194,468
South America     Grantmaking   1,070,672
Russia and the Newly Independent States     Grantmaking   109,500
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)     Grantmaking   130,000
South Asia     Grantmaking   186,320
East Asia and the Pacific 1 15 Grantmaking   2,273,625
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
3a Sub-total ..... 2 23 3,964,585
b Total from continuation sheets to Part I ...      
c Totals (add lines 3a and 3b) 2 23 3,964,585
For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.Cat. No. 50082W Schedule F (Form 990) 2010
Schedule F (Form 990) 2010
Page 2
Part II
Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations or Entities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990,
Part IV, line 15, for any recipient who received more than $5,000. Check this box if no one recipient received more than $5,000 ........ MediumBullet
Use Part V if additional space is needed.
1 (a) Name of organization (b) IRS code section
and EIN (if applicable)		 (c) Region (d) Purpose of
grant 		(e) Amount of
cash grant 		(f) Manner of
cash
disbursement 		(g) Amount of
of non-cash
assistance 		(h) Description
of non-cash
assistance 		(i) Method of
valuation
(book, FMV,
appraisal, other)
North America General Support 146,968        
South America Sustainable Fisheries Initiative Belize 37,400        
Russia Russia methane study 22,000        
North America Mexico for REDD 24,550        
Europe/Iceland/Greenland NZ EU landowners study 100,000        
South America Brazil emissions reductions 60,000        
South America Brazil emissions reductions 91,800        
South America Brazil emissions reductions 294,072        
South America emissions reductions in Brazil 30,000        
Russia Methane materials 7,500        
South America LULUCF Strategies 15,000        
South Asia India low carbon 10,000        
North America General Support 12,950        
South Asia Water Resources Mgt 160,000        
South America Brazil General Support 118,000        
East Asia/Pacific China General Support 2,273,625        
South America Bolivia Indigenous peoples 40,500        
Europe/Iceland/Greenland India parliamentarians support 30,000        
Russia Russia General Support 80,000        
South America Brazil General Support 50,000        
South America Brazil General Support 333,900        
North America CO Delta Water Trust 10,000        
South Asia India General Support 16,320        
2
Enter total number of recipient organizations listed above that are recognized as charities by the foreign country, recognized as tax-exempt by the IRS, or for which the grantee or counsel has provided a section 501(c)(3) equivalency letter .....MediumBullet
17
3
Enter total number of other organizations or entities ........................MediumBullet
6
Schedule F (Form 990) 2010
Schedule F (Form 990) 2010Page 3
Part III
Grants and Other Assistance to Individuals Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 16.
Use Part V if additional space is needed.
(a) Type of grant or assistance (b) Region (c) Number of recipients (d) Amount of
cash grant 		(e) Manner of cash
disbursement 		(f) Amount of
non-cash
assistance 		(g) Description
of non-cash
assistance 		(h) Method of
valuation
(book, FMV,
appraisal, other)
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
Schedule F (Form 990) 2010
Schedule F (Form 990) 2010
Page 4
Part IV
Foreign Forms
1 Was the organization a U.S. transferor of property to a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 926 (see instructions for Form 926).................
2 Did the organization have an interest in a foreign trust during the tax year? If " Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 3520 and/or Form 3520-A. (see instructions for Forms 3520 and 3520-A)..........
3 Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 5471, Information Return of U.S. Persons with respect to Certain Foreign Corporations. (see instructions for Form 5471)..............................
4 Was the organization a direct or indirect shareholder of a passive foreign investment company or a qualified electing fund during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 8621, Return by a Shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund. (see instructions for Form 8621)
5 Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign partnership during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 8865, Return of U.S. Persons with respect to Certain Foreign Partnerships. (see instructions for Form 8865)....................................
6 Did the organization have any operations in or related to any boycotting countries during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 5713, International Boycott Report (see instructions for Form 5713)................................................
Schedule F (Form 990) 2010
Schedule F (Form 990) 2010
Page 5
Part V
Supplemental Information
Complete this part to provide the information (see instructions) required in Part I, line 2, and any additional information.
Identifier ReturnReference Explanation
GRANTS AND OTHER ASSISTANCE OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES PART I, LINE 2 The Organization has a number of grants and other assistance it provides to other entities. The majority of these grants are to other environmental and like minded entities that perform work alongside of EDF in the accomplishment of its mission. EDF monitors the performance of the grant recipients by written reports, site visits, verbal communication and review. Partial payments are typically made on a sub-grant until a pattern of proven achievements on objectives is demonstrated. In the end EDF typically prepares a report to funding entities on the use of grant funds -both by itself and by any sub-grant recipients.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
Schedule F (Form 990) 2010
Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  



SCHEDULE G
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Supplemental Information Regarding
Fundraising or Gaming Activities
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, lines 17, 18, or 19,
or if the organization entered more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a.
right arrow Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ. right arrow See separate instructions.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public Inspection
Name of the organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part I
Fundraising Activities. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 17.
1
Indicate whether the organization raised funds through any of the following activities. Check all that apply.
a e
b f
c g
d
2a
Did the organization have a written or oral agreement with any individual (including officers, directors, trustees
or key employees listed in Form 990, Part VII) or entity in connection with professional fundraising services?
b
If “Yes,” list the ten highest paid individuals or entities (fundraisers) pursuant to agreements under which the fundraiser is
to be compensated at least $5,000 by the organization. Form 990-EZ filers are not required to complete this table.
(i) Name and address of individual
or entity (fundraiser) 		(ii) Activity (iii) Did fundraiser have custody or control of contributions? (iv) Gross receipts
from activity 		(v) Amount paid to
(or retained by)
fundraiser listed in
col. (i) 		(vi) Amount paid to
(or retained by)
organization
Yes No
INTEGRAL RESOURCES INC DIRECT FUNDRAISING   No 452,631 355,659 96,972
PUBLIC INTEREST COMMUNICATIO DIRECT FUNDRAISING   No 356,354 128,601 227,753
COMNET MARKETING GROUP INC TELEPHONE FUNDRAISING   No 81,845 79,437 2,408
INTEGRATED DIRECT MARKETING FUNDRAISING COUNSEL   No 0 50,000 0
SEA CHANGE DIRECT MARKETING FUNDRAISING COUNSEL   No 0 55,000 0
Total .................right arrow 890,830 668,697 327,133
3
List all states in which the organization is registered or licensed to solicit funds or has been notified it is exempt from registration or licensing.
AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, FL, GA, HI, IL, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, UT, VA, WA, WV, WI
For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.
Cat. No. 50083H
Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Page 2
Part II
Fundraising Events. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 18, or reported more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a. List events with gross receipts greater than $5,000.
(a) Event #1

 
(event type) 		(b) Event #2

 
(event type) 		(c) Other Events

  
(total number) 		(d) Total Events
(Add col. (a) through col. (c))
VerticalRevenue 1 Gross receipts . . .        
2 Less: Charitable
contributions . . . 		       
3 Gross income (line 1
minus line 2) . . . 		       
VerticalDirectExpenses 4 Cash prizes . . .        
5 Non-cash prizes . .        
6 Rent/facility costs . .        
7 Food and beverages . .        
8 Entertainment . . .        
9 Other direct expenses .        
10 Direct expense summary. Add lines 4 through 9 in column (d) ........... right arrow  
11 Net income summary. Combine lines 3 and 10 in column (d)............ right arrow  
Part III
Gaming. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 19, or reported more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a.
VerticalRevenue (a) Bingo (b) Pull tabs/Instant
bingo/progressive bingo 		(c) Other gaming (d) Total gaming (Add col. (a) through col. (c))
1 Gross revenue . . . .        
VerticalDirectExpenses 2 Cash prizes . . . .        
3 Non-cash prizes . . .        
4 Rent/facility costs . . .        
5 Other direct expenses . .        
6 Volunteer labor . . .
 
 
 
7 Direct expense summary. Add lines 2 through 5 in column (d) ........... right arrow  
8 Net gaming income summary. Combine lines 1 and 7 in column (d) .......... right arrow  
9
Enter the state(s) in which the organization operates gaming activities:
a
Is the organization licensed to operate gaming activities in each of these states? ............
b
If "No," Explain:
 
10a
Were any of the organization's gaming licenses revoked, suspended or terminated during the tax year? .....
b
If "Yes," Explain:
 
11
Does the organization operate gaming activities with nonmembers? .................
12
Is the organization a grantor, beneficiary or trustee of a trust or a member of a partnership or other entity
formed to administer charitable gaming? ...........................
Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Page 3
13
Indicate the percentage of gaming activity operated in:
a
The organization's facility ......................
13a
 
b
An outside facility ........................
13b
 
14
Provide the name and address of the person who prepares the organization's gaming/special events books and records:
Name right arrow
Address right arrow
15a
Does the organization have a contract with a third party from whom the organization receives gaming
revenue? ......................................
b
If "Yes," enter the amount of gaming revenue received by the organization right arrow $   and the
amount of gaming revenue retained by the third party right arrow $   .
c
If "Yes," enter name and address:
Name right arrow
Address right arrow
 
 
16
Gaming manager information:
Name right arrow
Gaming manager compensation right arrow $  
Description of services provided right arrow
 
17
Mandatory distributions:
a
Is the organization required under state law to make charitable distributions from the gaming proceeds to
retain the state gaming license? ............................
b
Enter the amount of distributions required under state law distributed to other exempt organizations or spent
in the organization's own exempt activities during the tax year right arrow$  
Part IV
Complete this part to provide additional information for responses to quuestion on Schedule G (see instructions.)
Identifier ReturnReference Explanation
Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  
Schedule I
(Form 990)
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations,
Governments and Individuals in the United States
Complete if the organization answered "Yes," to Form 990, Part IV, line 21 or 22.
lBullet Attach to Form 990
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public
Inspection
Name of the organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number
11-6107128
Part I
General Information on Grants and Assistance
1
Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of the grants or assistance, the grantees' eligibility for the grants or assistance, and
the selection criteria used to award the grants or assistance? ....................................
2
Describe in Part IV the organization's procedures for monitoring the use of grant funds in the United States.
Part II
Grants and Other Assistance to Governments and Organizations in the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to
Form 990, Part IV, line 21 for any recipient that received more than $5,000. Check this box if no one recipient received more than $5,000. Use
Part IV and Schedule I-1 (Form 990) if additional space is needed ......................... lBullet
(a) Name and address of organization
or government		 (b) EIN (c) IRC Code section
if applicable		 (d) Amount of cash grant (e) Amount of non-cash
assistance		 (f) Method of valuation
(book, FMV, appraisal,
other)		 (g) Description of
non-cash assistance		 (h) Purpose of grant
or assistance
(1) California League of Conservation Voters350 Frank H Ogawa Plaza 1100
Oakland,CA94612 		94-3169564 501(C)(3) 15,000       general operating purposes
(2) Defenders of Wildlife1130 17th St NW
Washington,DC20036 		53-0183181 501(C)(3) 139,464       CO River Basin study
(3) Longleaf Alliance Inc (The)13693 Pine Forest Rd
Adalusia,AL36420 		75-3263645 501(C)(3) 20,000       Longleaf mgt restoration
(4) Northern California Water Association455 Capitol Mall
Sacramento,CA95814 		68-0273555 501(C)(3) 20,000       CA Water rights policy
(5) USDA Agricultural Research Service1815 N University Street
Peoria,IL61604 		72-0564834 501(C)(3) 30,000       Geospatial framework
(6) Western Resource Advocates2260 Baseline Road
Doulder,CO80302 		84-1113831 501(C)(3) 30,000       CO clean air, climate, energy advocacy
(7) Heidelberg University310 East Market Street
Tiffin,OH44883 		34-4428219 501(C)(3) 69,500       Maumee watershed
(8) Eco Analytics545 Vereda del Ciervo
Goleta,CA93117 		26-2479585   80,000       fisheries management
(9) Gulf Fishermen's Association IncPO Box 14894
Bradenton,FL34280 		55-0869235 501(C)(3) 160,050       fisheries mgt reform
(10) Humane Society International2100 L Street
Washington,DC20037 		52-1769464 501(C)(3) 64,700       coral conservation
(11) Oregon State UniversityTrish House 104 Nash Hall
Corvallis,OR97331 		48-1278540   7,000       West Coast Fish workshop
(12) Snook Foundation Inc dba Snook and Gamefish Found5224 West State Road 46 102
Sanford,IL32771 		65-0839514 501(C)(3) 25,000       voluntary data program
(13) Society for Organizational Learning Inc1 Broadway
Cambridge,MA021420001 		52-2013044 501(C)(3) 85,835       Mexico fisheries
(14) The Sport Fishing Conservancy200 Nieto Avenue
Long Beach,CA90803 		20-8948522 501(C)(3) 20,000       conservation-oriented fishing
(15) Turner Foundation Inc133 Luckie Street
Atlanta,GA30303 		58-1924590 501(C)(3) 30,000       voluntary data program
(16) University of Alabama at Birmingham1665 University Boulevard
Birmingham,AL35294 		63-6005396 501(C)(3) 8,300       Gulf seafood safety
(17) University of Massachusetts285 Old Wesport Road
North Dartmouth,MA027472300 		04-3167352   50,000       spatial mgt strategies
(18) University of Washington4333 Brooklyn Avenue NE
Seattle,WA98195 		91-6001537   99,119       fisheries research
(19) Climate Action Reserve523 W 6th Street
Los Angeles,CA90014 		68-0477330 501(C)(3) 6,000       Global Climate Change Summit
(20) CUB Consumer Education and Research Fund309 W Washington Street
Chicago,IL60606 		20-4904719 501(C)(3) 115,200       IL smart grid initiatives
(21) Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Ave
Cambridge,MA021390000 		04-2103594 501(C)(3) 50,000       carbon-efficient logistics strategy
(22) Sun State International Trucks LLC6020 Adamo Drive
Tampa,FL33619 		59-3750718   81,177       DERA hybrid trucks
(23) Tracey Road Equipmnet Inc6803 Manlius Center Road
East Syracuse,NY13057 		16-1058204   40,000       DERA hybrid trucks
(24) InnoCentive Inc610 Lincoln Street
Waltham,MA024510000 		20-3437526   32,500       crowd-sourcing Innocentive platform
(25) California Fisheries Fund257 Park Avenue South
New York,NY10010 		26-0873741 501(C)(3) 50,000       General Suppport
(26) Environmental Defense Action Fund257 Park Avenue South
New York,NY10010 		90-0080500 501(C)(4) 600,000       EDF 501(h) EDAF lobbying
(27) Coaliton to Restore Coastal Louisiana6160 Perkins Road 225
Baton Rouge,LA70808 		72-1115589 501(C)(3) 75,000       restore coastal Louisiana
(28) Defiance Soil and Water Conservation District06879 Evansport Road
Defiance,OH43512 		34-6400373 501(C)(3) 10,000       Upper Maumee Watershed
(29) Duke University2200 West Main Street
Durham,NC27708 		56-0532129 501(C)(3) 412,606       Fisheries forum
(30) Gulf Of Mexico Reef Fish Shareholder's Alliance4415 Ave S
Galveston,TX75582 		26-2524327 501(C)(6) 266,875       fisheries mgt reform
(31) Intercultural Center for the Study of Deserts and4455 N Camino Cardenal
Tuscon,AZ85718 		86-0578996 501(C)(3) 17,500       Mexico General Support
(32) Kenworth CB42 Wallace Avenue
Portland,ME041060000 		01-0329487   40,000       Hybrid Delivery Trucks
(33) Lake Pontchartrain Basin FoundationPO Box 6965
Metairie,LA70009 		72-1152784 501(C)(3) 75,000       Louisiana Coastal Outreach
(34) Ocean Conservancy1300 19th Street
Washington,DC20036 		23-7245152 501(C)(3) 50,000       Aquaculture Support
(35) Pepsi Beverage Company9025 River Road
Indianapolis,IN46240 		35-2015991   108,359       Hybrid Delivery Trucks
(36) South Atlantic Fishermen's AssociationPO Box 80938
Charleston,SC29416 		27-3165836 501(C)(6) 110,800       fisheries mgt reform
(37) Southern Connecticut Freightliner15 East Industrial Rd
Branford,CT064050000 		06-0787534   26,324       Hybrid Delivery Trucks
(38) Stanford UniversityPO Box 44253
San Francisco,CA94144 		94-1156365 501(C)(3) 186,000       Fisheries forum
(39) The Nature Conservancy201 Mission Street
San Francisco,CA94105 		53-0242652 501(C)(3) 300,000       Brazil General Support
(40) University of New Hampshire51 College Road
Durham,NH038240000 		02-6000937 501(C)(3) 60,801       fisheries research
(41) Wildlife Conservation Society2300 Southern Blvd
Bronx,NY10460 		13-1740011 501(C)(3) 24,059       Deforestation & Forest Deregulation
(42) World Media Foundation Inc20 Holland Street
Somerville,MA021440000 		04-3150786 501(C)(3) 10,000       Green Community
(43) World Wildlife Fund1250 24th Street
Washington DC,DC20037 		52-1693387 501(C)(3) 829,981       Mexico Oceans Support
(44) University of Connecticut438 Whitney Road
Storrs,CT062690000 		06-0772160 501(C)(1) 20,000       Fisheries Stakeholders Research
(45) Mount Holyoke College50 College Street
South Hadley,MA010750000 		04-2103578 501(C)(3) 15,755       DAF General Support
(46) The Nature ConservancyPO Box 4125
Baton Rouge,LA70821 		53-2442652 501(C)(3) 10,000       DAF General Support
(47) The Sierra Club Foundation85 Second Street
San Francisco,CA10004 		94-6069890 501(C)(3) 5,500       DAF General Support
2
Enter total number of section 501(c)(3) and government organizations ......................... Bullet Image
33
3
Enter total number of other organizations ................................ . Bullet Image
14
For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.
Cat. No. 50055P
Schedule I (Form 990) 2010

Schedule I (Form 990) 2010
Page 2
Part III
Grants and Other Assistance to Individuals in the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 22.
Use Schedule I-1 (Form 990) if additional space is needed.
(a)Type of grant or assistance (b)Number of
recipients		 (c)Amount of
cash grant		 (d)Amount of
non-cash assistance		 (e)Method of valuation (book,
FMV, appraisal, other)		 (f)Description of non-cash assistance
(1) SEAFOOD SUMMIT 1 32,000 0 N/A N/A
(2) HALIBUT EXCLUDER DEVICE 1 29,561 0 N/A N/A
(3) FISHERIES RESEARCH 1 47,500 0 N/A N/A
(4) GENERAL SUPPORT 1 5,250 0 N/A N/A







Part IV
Supplemental Information. Complete this part to provide the information required in Part I, line 2, and any other additional information.
Identifier Return Reference Explanation
GRANTS AND OTHER ASSISTANCE SCHEDULE I, PART I, LINE 2 The Organization has a number of grants and other assistance it provides to other charities and quasi-governmental entities in the U.S. The majority of these grants are to other environmental 501(c)3 non-profit entities that perform work alongside of EDF in the accomplishment of its mission. EDF monitors the performance of the grant recipients by written reports, site visits, verbal communication and review. Partial payments are typically made on a sub-grant until a pattern of proven achievements on objectives is demonstrated. In the end EDF typically prepares a report to funding entities on the use of grant funds -both by itself and by any sub-grant recipients.
Schedule I (Form 990) 2010


Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  


Schedule J
(Form 990)
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Compensation Information
For certain Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest
Compensated Employees
SchJMediumBullet Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990,
Part IV, question 23.
SchJMediumBullet Attach to Form 990. SchJMediumBullet See separate instructions.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public Inspection
Name of the organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part I
Questions Regarding Compensation
Yes
No
1a
Check the appropiate box(es) if the organization provided any of the following to or for a person listed in Form
990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a. Complete Part III to provide any relevant information regarding these items.
b
If any of the boxes in line 1a are checked, did the organization follow a written policy regarding payment or reimbursement orprovision of all the expenses described above? If "No," complete Part III to explain....
1b
Yes
 
2
Did the organization require substantiation prior to reimbursing or allowing expenses incurred by all
officers, directors, trustees, and the CEO/Executive Director, regarding the items checked in line 1a? ....
2
Yes
 
3
Indicate which, if any, of the following the organization uses to establish the compensation of the
organization's CEO/Executive Director. Check all that apply.
4
During the year, did any person listed in Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a with respect to the filing organization or a related organization:
a
Receive a severance payment or change-of-control payment? ...............
4a
 
No
b
Participate in, or receive payment from, a supplemental nonqualified retirement plan? ........
4b
Yes
 
c
Participate in, or receive payment from, an equity-based compensation arrangement? ........
4c
 
No
If "Yes" to any of lines 4a-c, list the persons and provide the applicable amounts for each item in Part III.
Only 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations only must complete lines 5-9.
5
For persons listed in form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the revenues of:
a
The organization? ...........................
5a
 
No
b
Any related organization? .........................
5b
 
No
If "Yes," to line 5a or 5b, describe in Part III.
6
For persons listed in form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the net earnings of:
a
The organization? ...........................
6a
 
No
b
Any related organization? .........................
6b
 
No
If "Yes," to line 6a or 6b, describe in Part III.
7
For persons listed in Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization provide any non-fixed
payments not described in lines 5 and 6? If "Yes," describe in Part III ............
7
 
No
8
Were any amounts reported in Form 990, Part VII, paid or accured pursuant to a contract that was
subject to the initial contract exception described in Regs. section 53.4958-4(a)(3)? If "Yes," describe
in Part III .............................
8
 
No
9
If "Yes" to line 8, did the organization also follow the rebuttable presumption procedure described in Regulations section 53.4958-6(c)? .........................
9
 
 
For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Intructions for Form 990
Cat. No. 50053T
Schedule J (Form 990) 2010

Schedule J (Form 990) 2010
Page 2
Part II
Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees. Use Schedule J-1 if additional space needed.
For each individual whose compensation must be reported in Schedule J, report compensation from the organization on row (i) and from related organizations, described in the
instructions on row (ii). Do not list any individuals that are not listed on Form 990, Part VII.

Note. The sum of columns (B)(i)-(iii) must equal the applicable column (D) or column (E) amounts on Form 990, Part VII, line 1a.
(A) Name (B) Breakdown of W-2 and/or 1099-MISC compensation (C) Retirement and other deferred compensation (D) Nontaxable
benefits		 (E) Total of columns
(B)(i)-(D) 		(F) Compensation
reported in prior
Form 990 or
Form 990-EZ
(i) Base compensation (ii) Bonus & incentive compensation (iii) Other reportable compensation
(1) Frederic D Krupp (i)
(ii)		 400,032
0 		26,000
0 		0
0 		34,869
0 		17,713
0 		478,614
0 		0
0
(2) Elizabeth Henshaw (i)
(ii)		 230,564
0 		10,000
0 		0
0 		20,464
0 		17,713
0 		278,741
0 		0
0
(3) Peter Accinno (i)
(ii)		 216,950
0 		0
0 		0
0 		17,645
0 		1,148
0 		235,743
0 		0
0
(4) Daniel J Dudek (i)
(ii)		 296,013
0 		0
0 		0
0 		68,874
0 		17,713
0 		382,600
0 		83,444
0
(5) David Festa (i)
(ii)		 210,216
0 		2,500
0 		70,000
0 		17,598
0 		11,108
0 		311,422
0 		0
0
(6) Marcia Aronoff (i)
(ii)		 234,363
0 		3,500
0 		0
0 		19,987
0 		5,548
0 		263,398
0 		0
0
(7) Cynthia Hampton (i)
(ii)		 229,053
0 		2,000
0 		0
0 		18,774
0 		5,548
0 		255,375
0 		0
0
(8) Stephen W Cochran (i)
(ii)		 212,293
0 		2,500
0 		0
0 		17,761
0 		17,713
0 		250,267
0 		0
0








Schedule J (Form 990) 2010

Schedule J (Form 990) 2010
Page 3
Part III
Supplemental Information
Complete this part to provide the information, explanation, or descriptions required for Part I, lines 1a, 1b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7, and 8. Also complete this part for any additional information.
Identifier Return Reference Explanation
OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, TRUSTEES, KEY EMPLOYEES SCHEDULE J, PART II REPORTABLE COMPENSATION OF $70,000 FOR DAVID FESTA REPRESENTS A HOUSING ALLOWANCE.
Schedule J (Form 990) 2010

Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  
Schedule L
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Transactions with Interested Persons
MediumBullet Complete if the organization answered
"Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 25a, 25b, 26, 27, 28a, 28b, or 28c,
or Form 990-EZ, Part V lines 38a or 40b.
MediumBullet Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ. MediumBulletSee separate instructions.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public Inspection
Name of the organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part I
Excess Benefit Transactions (section 501(c)(3) and section 501 (c)(4) organizations only).
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 25a or 25b, or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 40b.
1(a) Name of disqualified person (b) Description of transaction (c) Corrected?
Yes No





2
Enter the amount of tax imposed on the organization managers or disqualified persons during the year under section 4958. ......................... Bullet Image$
 
3
Enter the amount of tax, if any, on line 2, above, reimbursed by the organization ....... Bullet Image$
 

Part II
Loans to and/or From Interested Persons.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 26, or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 38a.
(a) Name of interested person and purpose (b) Loan to or from the organization? (c)Original principal amount (d)Balance due (e) In default? (f) Approved by board or committee? (g)Written agreement?
To From Yes No Yes No Yes No
Total ...............Small Bullet $  
Part III
Grants or Assistance Benefitting Interested Persons.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 27.
(a) Name of interested person (b)Relationship between interested person and the organization (c)Amount of grant or type of assistance
For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the
Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.
Cat. No. 50056A
Schedule L (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Schedule L (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010
Page 2
Part IV
Business Transactions Involving Interested Persons.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 28a, 28b, or 28c.
(a) Name of interested person (b) Relationship between interested person and the organization (c) Amount of transaction (d) Description of transaction (e) Sharing of organization's revenues?
Yes No
(1) ISABEL GRANTHAM DAUGHTER OF TRUSTEE 38,792 COMPENSATION   No
Part V
Supplemental Information
Complete this part to provide additional information for responses to questions on Schedule L (see instructions).
Identifier Return Reference Explanation
Schedule L (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2010

Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  




SCHEDULE M
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
NonCash Contributions
Right pointing arrow large imageComplete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 29 or 30.
Right pointing arrow large image Attach to Form 990.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public Inspection
Name of the organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number

11-6107128
Part I
Types of Property
(a)
Check if applicable 		(b)
Number of Contributions or items contributed 		(c)
Contribution amounts reported on
Form 990, Part VIII, line 1g 		(d)
Method of determining
contribution amounts
1 Art—Works of art ....        
2 Art—Historical treasures .        
3 Art—Fractional interests ..        
4 Books and publications ..      
5 Clothing and household
goods ....... 		     
6 Cars and other vehicles ..        
7 Boats and planes ....        
8 Intellectual property ...        
9 Securities—Publicly traded . X 78 2,640,703 FMV
10 Securities—Closely held stock .        
11 Securities—Partnership, LLC,
or trust interests .... 		       
12 Securities—Miscellaneous ..        
13 Qualified conservation
contribution—Historic
structures ..... 		       
14 Qualified conservation
contribution—Other ... 		       
15 Real estate—Residential .        
16 Real estate—Commercial ..        
17 Real estate—Other ...        
18 Collectibles .....        
19 Food inventory ...        
20 Drugs and medical supplies .        
21 Taxidermy ......        
22 Historical artifacts ....        
23 Scientific specimens ..        
24 Archeological artifacts ...        
25 Other Right pointing arrow large image ( )
26 Other Right pointing arrow large image( )
27 Other Right pointing arrow large image( )
28 Other Right pointing arrow large image ( )
29
Number of Forms 8283 received by the organization during the tax year for contributions
for which the organization completed Form 8283, Part IV, Donee Acknowledgement ...
29
 
Yes
No
30a
During the year, did the organization receive by contribution any property reported in Part I, lines 1-28 that it
must hold for at least three years from the date of the initial contribution, and which is not required to be used
for exempt purposes for the entire holding period? ..................
30a
 
No
b
If "Yes," describe the arrangement in Part II.
31
Does the organization have a gift acceptance policy that requires the review of any non-standard contributions?
31
Yes
 
32a
Does the organization hire or use third parties or related organizations to solicit, process, or sell non-cash
contributions? ............................
32a
 
No
b
If "Yes," describe in Part II.
33
If the organization did not report revenues in column (c) for a type of property for which column (a) is checked,
describe in Part II.
For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.
Cat. No. 51227J
Schedule M (Form 990) 2010
Schedule M (Form 990) 2010
Page 2
Part II
Supplemental Information. Complete this part to provide the information required by Part I, lines 30b,
32b, and 33. Also complete this part for any additional information.
Identifier Return Reference Explanation
Schedule M (Form 990) 2010
Additional Data


Software ID:  
Software Version:  
SCHEDULE O
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ

Complete to provide information for responses to specific questions on
Form 990 or to provide any additional information.
MediumBullet Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
Open to Public
Inspection
Name of the organization
Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
Employer identification number

11-6107128
Identifier Return Reference Explanation
REVIEW OF FORM 990 PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11A EDF uses its Audit Committee of the Board of Trustees to review the Form 990 returns. The Audit Committee has been delegated this authority by the Board of Trustees in its Audit Committee charter and terms of reference. The Organization's financial management group is responsible for gathering the key components and supporting schedule information for the Form 990. The Organization's audit firm of independent public accountants prepares the Form 990 and it goes through a review process to ensure it is completed accurately. The draft Form 990 is returned to the Organization where senior executive management and members of the financial team review the document. The Audit Committee receives a copy of the draft return in advance of a meeting scheduled for its formal review. The Audit Committee meets and approves the Form 990. The audit firm electronically files the informational return with the IRS. The full final return is made available to all Board of Trustee members as part of their next scheduled Board meeting's materials. The final Form 990 is also publicly posted in electronic form on the Organization's website where it is freely available to the public. Copies of it are sent to state governments, funding organizations, major donors, charity monitoring organizations and to anyone else who requests a copy.
DETERMINATION OF COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A AND 15B EDF uses a Human Relations Committee to evaluate the compensation of the President of the organization who is the highest-ranking employee. The Human Relations Committee of the Board of Trustees is composed of three independent Trustees and the Chairman of the Board who meet annually to assess the President's performance and compensation. The Human Relations Committee uses the services of an independent compensation consultant to provide demographic and comparative salary information for peer-group organizations. The compensation consultant provides information from surveys, public disclosures of other charities, and proprietary sources. The Committee reviews this information, discusses the findings amongst themselves and not in the presence of the President of the organization. The Committee has a portion of its meeting where it does discuss compensation and performance with the President but the decision-making segments of the meeting are held in executive session. Minutes of the meeting are kept and retained by the Chair of the Human Relations Committee. The Human Relations Committee is aware of the compensation amounts for other key employees and senior management team members but the decisions governing their compensation are the purview of the President of the organization.
MONITORING OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C It is the responsibility of all Trustees and employees of the Environmental Defense Fund to familiarize themselves with this Policy and to comply and to ensure compliance of related parties with it. In addition to the disclosures required by this Policy, annually each Trustee and employee will be provided with a statement to complete and return indicating that they have read, understand and are in compliance with this Policy. For both Trustees and employees, there is a process where the annual statement of compliance may be effected and transmitted via e-mail or other electronic means. The Chair of the Board of Trustees will report to the Board and the Chair of the Audit Committee will report to the Audit Committee of the Board at least once annually concerning any disclosures of potential conflicts of interest made to them, and any other conflicts-of-interests, which have occurred. Trustees who knowingly or unknowingly violate this Policy are subject to censure or removal, at the discretion of the Board of Trustees. Employees who knowingly or unknowingly violate this Policy will be subject to disciplinary action, including possible dismissal.
PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF GOVERNING DOCUMENTS PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 EDF makes available three years worth of the following disclosure documents on our website www.edf.org 1. Our Annual Report 2. Our consolidated and consolidating audited financial statements 3. Our Form 990 informational tax returns and those of related organizations Part VI, Section C Line 18 EDF was formed in 1967 and a copy of Form 1023 is unavailable from this early period of time.
RECONCILIATION OF NET ASSETS PART XI, LINE 5 OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS OR FUND BALANCES REPRESENTS UNREALIZED LOSSES OF $2,981,399.
STATEMENT OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS PART III, PAGE 2 FINDING THE WAYS THAT WORK What if Ph.D. scientists, economists, MBAs and policy experts could work together to solve environmental problems? It's happening every day at Environmental Defense Fund. The diverse skills we apply to every environmental challenge create opportunities for alliances that produce lasting change. STRONG SCIENCE 1972: EDF's scientific testimony helped win the nationwide ban on DDT that let the bald eagle and peregrine falcon fly off the endangered list. ECONOMIC INCENTIVES 1990: Our market-based plan to reduce acid rain cut sulfur dioxide from U.S. power plants in half, at a fraction of the expected cost. CORPORATE PARTNERSHIPS 2004: EDF's alliance with FedEx produced the first commercially available hybrid midsize truck. Today, there are 35 models on the market and 100 fleets use them. NONPARTISAN APPROACH 2011: EDF worked with both Republicans and Democrats to win support for legislation to restore the Gulf Coast after the BP oil disaster. CLIMATE & ENERGY DANCING WITH THE GRID Armando Infanzon doesn't take energy for granted. He grew up in Tijuana, Mexico, where electricity blackouts were common. He's also a champion salsa dancer and has performed internationally. "It's all about timing," he says. Timing is what gets Infanzon fired up about the new smart grid, the interactive power distribution network he is managing for San Diego Gas & Electric. When sun or wind power lapses, he explains, the smart grid can signal appliances like dryers to shut off momentarily, so demand for power moves in step with supply. That little dance, called demand response, lets far more solar and wind power be used without crashing the grid. Infanzon is at the leading edge of a major transformation of U.S. energy infrastructure. He predicts: "Changes in the way electricity is delivered will be greater in the next ten years than in the last 100." WHY WE WORK ON CLIMATE & ENERGY "Climate change is our most formidable challenge. Cleaner energy sources and greater energy efficiency will cut carbon pollution and help stabilize the climate." Steve Cochran, VP Climate Jim Marston, VP Energy CLIMATE & ENERGY GOALS o Win permanent cuts in U.S. global warming pollution o Spur development of a smart electric grid o Minimize impacts of natural gas and other large-scale energy generation o Help win carbon limits in key countries A NEW WORLD OF ENERGY The U.S. energy system is at a crossroads, with new opportunities to reduce pollution. After a big win in California, EDF is working across the country to transform the way electricity is generated, transmitted and used. Borrego Springs, Calif., population 3,500, is a throwback to America's past. The high desert community of pueblo-style houses, 80 miles northeast of San Diego, has no traffic lights and no big-box stores. The town's main attraction is the darkness of the night sky, making it a haven for astronomers. But behind its sleepy facade, Borrego Springs is a laboratory of technologies that could transform the nation's energy future. It's where San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E), working with EDF and others, is field testing elements of a $3.6 billion plan to modernize the power grid. Since Thomas Edison's day, America's electric grid has been a one-way path from central power generating stations to customers. The new smart grid adds computer intelligence to make it a two-way street. "The promise of the smart grid is that a house with solar panels and a plug-in car in the garage can not only consume power but also produce, store and sell it," says EDF's smart grid director Miriam Horn. "It means we can bring supply and demand into harmony." For example, smart appliances can pause briefly when solar or wind power is interrupted, and the smart grid can signal cars to recharge when there is a surplus of clean power. All this will allow SDG&E to make far greater use of renewable energy. The advances being explored at Borrego Springs will help California deliver on its commitment to generate one-third of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020-and bring electric cars to scale reliably without causing brownouts. "Our goal is to improve our efficiency and empower our customers to have more control over their energy use," says Armando Infanzon, SDG&E's smart grid policy manager. "EDF helped us tremendously with our deployment plan." The main impetus for change is California's landmark Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32), which EDF cosponsored and helped pass. In October 2011, the state adopted America's first economy-wide cap-and-trade program for carbon emissions. Generating electricity is the largest source of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, but the smart grid could help utilities cut their emissions as much as one-third by reducing peak demand and improving efficiency, all while meeting the growing need for power. "Investing in the smart grid costs less than building new fossil fuel plants and transmission lines," says EDF attorney Lauren Navarro. "And it saves money for customers." PARTNERS FOR CLEANER POWER EDF is working with cities, utilities and state regulators in California, Texas, Illinois, North Carolina and New York to put policies in place that will make the smart grid green. "EDF has played an indispensable role in ensuring our smart grid investments deliver environmental returns." Michael Peevey President, California Public Utilities Commission CLIMATE CORPS: ON ENERGY'S FRONT LINES Deployed across America each summer, our specially trained MBA students have identified more than one million tons of carbon dioxide pollution reductions. A giant sign reading "3-2-1GO" greeted Elizabeth Turnbull when she arrived at Adidas Group's Reebok World Headquarters in Canton, Mass. And "go" is just what Turnbull did after being hired as a Summer 2010 EDF Climate Corps fellow at Adidas. In just 12 weeks' time, the Yale MBA student examined the company's office buildings and distribution centers and found ways to cut 2,400 tons of carbon pollution annually. Her employers promptly offered her a job upon graduation as senior manager for environmental affairs. In her new role, Turnbull hired two more EDF Climate Corps fellows in 2011. They were among 96 MBA and MPA students who were put through intensive training by EDF and then deployed to find energy savings at destinations ranging from AT&T and Target to the New York City Housing Authority. All told, the 2011 fellows recommended changes to lighting, computing and ventilation systems that could cut as much pollution as taking 87,000 vehicles off the road each year. Since the program began in 2008, Climate Corps fellows have identified improvements in energy efficiency that could save more than $1 billion in net operational costs. Companies have already implemented projects accounting for 86% of the savings identified in the first three years, investing more than $50 million to do so. "In this economy, everyone is looking for ways to save, and energy efficiency is a huge, largely untapped opportunity," says Victoria Mills, our Corporate Partnerships managing director. EDF Climate Corps began with companies and expanded to include cities, colleges and universities. North Carolina A&T University, for example, is acting on recommendations that could save $2.5 million over five years-and pay for themselves in just three months. Now the program is poised to grow even further. EDF's main goal for the Corps? To train a new generation of executives to lead the transition to a low-carbon economy. "We're building a diverse movement to make energy efficiency a top priority for every organization that pays a utility bill," says Michael Regan, EDF director of energy efficiency. "EDF Climate Corps has been very beneficial for us, and I'm sure we are going to be doing this for many years to come." John Schinter, Executive Director of Energy, AT&T
STATEMENT OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS (CONTINUED)   AFTER YEARS OF STRUGGLE, A BIG WIN FOR FUEL ECONOMY In a triumph for clean air, automakers and the federal government agreed to require that cars average 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. The rules, expected at the end of 2011, would mark the first major gain since 1975. When fully implemented, they could cut oil use by 2.2 million barrels a day-nearly half what the U.S. imports from OPEC. The Obama administration also issued the first-ever fuel economy standards for large trucks and buses, requiring a 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions from heavy trucks by 2018. EDF played a critical role in both cases. We helped pass the 2002 California law that provided the foundation for strong new national auto standards. And our work with major engine manufacturers has helped spur new technologies for more efficient and less polluting trucks. WHEN CHINA'S FACTORIES GO GREEN, THE WHOLE WORLD PROFITS Roughly 20 pairs of jeans are sold in the United States every second. Imagine if all jeans were green-that is, if they were sustainably produced? Levi Strauss & Co. took a step in that direction in 2011 when it partnered with EDF to improve the energy efficiency of its supply chain in China, where 40% of jeans sold by the apparel industry in America are made. The project evolved from our partnership with retailing giant Walmart, in which EDF experts visited more than 400 Chinese factories to identify energy-saving opportunities. "Energy efficiency is the fastest, most cost-effective way to cut greenhouse gas and air pollution in China," says our project manager Dr. Andrew Hutson. "Simple changes to lighting, heating and ventilation have yielded impressive results." Our partner in the Levi Strauss & Co. initiative is Sustainable Development Capital LLP, a London-based investment bank. "One of the main barriers to energy efficiency improvements is the lack of access to capital," says Hutson. EDF is initially working with five denim mills, with a first-year goal of enrolling 100 factories and attracting $50 million in private capital to cut their energy use by 20 to 25%. Long term, we aim to unlock billions of dollars of capital to invest in energy efficiency for Asia's entire textile industry. As Levi Strauss & Co. says, quality never goes out of style. Neither should energy efficiency. INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE TACKLING GLOBAL WARMING POLLUTION, NATION BY NATION By 2050, the world must cut greenhouse gas pollution in half or face climate chaos. EDF is helping fast-growing economies adopt carbon limits and eventually link their carbon markets, to cut pollution further by driving clean energy investments. PRESERVING RAINFORESTS AND THEIR BIODIVERSITY What if rainforests were worth more alive than dead? That would slow rainforest destruction, which accounts for 15% of all carbon emissions. EDF helped create a three-state international working group to reduce deforestation, cut pollution and protect biodiversity. 1 As California's strict new carbon emissions limits kick in, industries may have the opportunity to invest in rainforest protection to meet part of their carbon-reduction obligation. 2 Chiapas, Mexico, is home to cloud forests and the resplendent quetzal, known for its colorful plumage. U.S. investment could give these treasures a chance to survive. 3 With EDF's help, the Brazilian state of Acre is putting in place policies that will protect 33 million acres of undisturbed rainforest. OUR CHALLENGE TO AIRLINES When American Airlines and United Continental sued to block a European Union law cutting carbon emissions from international flights, EDF joined European nations to defend the law. A FILM STARTS A DIALOGUE To spark action on climate change in India, EDF produced a popular film that links global warming and rural development. The film and its climate workshop have been seen in 500 villages. LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT EDF and partners are promoting low-carbon development in India through clean technology, including clean-burning stoves and climate-friendly farming. This year our projects reached 160,000 families. CARBON FARMING IN ASIA EDF's work with farmers in China, India and Vietnam has reduced greenhouse gas pollution by more than one million tons by promoting farming practices that keep more carbon in the soil. A VOICE FOR ISLAND NATIONS At UN climate talks, EDF helped island nations draw international attention to the grave risks they face from global warming. We are also supporting efforts by these states to shift to clean energy. HELPING CHINA MEET ITS ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES As the world's largest greenhouse gas emitter, China is crucial to controlling global warming. EDF has worked in China since 1991, building a strong record of success. We have helped create environmental markets, including a pilot sulfur dioxide trading program and China's first environmental commodities exchange. Their success helped convince the Chinese government to include low-carbon pilot projects, including trading, and ambitious pollution reduction targets in the 12th Five-Year Plan, announced in 2011. Dr. Daniel Dudek, head of EDF's China program, has been appointed co-chair of a task force that will advise Premier Wen Jiabao on strategies for meeting the plan's environmental goals. Dudek also will advise the premier on long-term environmental planning. EDF has been equally active in linking carbon markets to poverty alleviation. Our partner is the State Council's Poverty Alleviation Office, which has representatives in every town, city and province in the nation. We designed a program to pay more than 600,000 poor farmers in Xinjiang, Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces to reduce carbon emissions through improved farming practices and by turning agricultural waste into energy. Our goal is to enlist 20 million farming families in the program by 2016. Environmental enforcement remains weak in China, so we are helping to strengthen penalties for violations. EDF helped set tougher national penalties for water pollution, and China is now considering a similar policy for air pollution. From our offices in Beijing and Shanghai, we are working with Chinese universities to train a new generation of environmental leaders. So far, we've trained 8,400 environmental professionals who will enforce penalties and introduce market incentives to cut pollution. EDF's Green Commuting campaign helps clear the air in Shanghai and 19 other Chinese cities. "Under Dr. Dudek's leadership, the task force will propose valuable recommendations for the 12th Five-Year Plan on mechanisms to reduce emissions of major pollutants." Li Ganjie, Vice Minister of Environmental Protection, People's Republic of China OCEANS A FISHERMAN'S STORY Chris Brown was just eight years old when he first went to sea in the 1960s, fishing with his grandfather. He was allowed to pilot the vessel home while his grandfather made sketches of the Rhode Island shoreline. "It was a thrill to feel the power of the boat," he says. Now a commercial fisherman himself, Brown, 53, has witnessed the sharp decline in the New England fishery and the toll on coastal communities. "Thirty years ago, we thought the resource was inexhaustible," Brown says. "We fished in ways I'm not proud of. I'd like to make it right for the next generation." Working with scientists and other fishermen, Brown has been a leading advocate for a new management system called catch shares, which taps the market to give fishermen control of their destiny. "I'm a businessman," he says. "I'm concerned about my inventory. To heal the ocean, we all need to pull together and start acting like a community again." WHY WE WORK ON OCEANS "By offering fishermen a financial stake in the health of fisheries, we can revive coastal communities and bring the resilient oceans back to life." Amanda Leland, VP Oceans OCEANS GOALS o Protect ocean ecosystems by creating sustainable and healthy fisheries o Make catch shares the standard management method in U.S. fisheries o Promote catch shares internationally o Safeguard and restore ocean habitats
STATEMENT OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS (CONTINUED)   HOPE FOR AMERICA'S MOST TROUBLED FISHERY Can markets help heal the oceans? With EDF's help, New England is one of several regions to implement a new management method: catch shares. The 400-year-old New England cod fishery is finally on the path to recovery. On Georges Bank off the Massachusetts coast, cold, nutrient-rich currents from Labrador collide with the Gulf Stream to create one of the world's most productive fishing grounds. The waters here were once so thick with cod that fishermen bragged they could lower a basket and pull it up full of fish. But generations of overfishing and faulty management proved devastating for fish and coastal communities. In New England, fishing revenues dropped 50% just in the past decade and many of the groundfish stocks, including cod, have declined to dangerously low levels. Facing a crisis, regulators tried to control fishing by imposing trip limits and restricting days at sea, but this led to a dangerous race for fish. Now, some trailblazing fishermen are working with EDF to embrace a market solution that we helped develop, called catch shares, which could revive the fishery. The program gave fishermen a choice: continue with the old system or join cooperative groups or sectors. Sectors work by allotting a percentage of the total allowed catch to groups based on catch history. More than half of the commercial fishing permit holders-representing 98% of fish harvested-joined the program. Data for the first year show that their boats made 70% more money per trip than previously, and bycatch, the accidental killing of fish, was four times below that of other boats. "It's safer, better for the fish, and I can make a business plan for the year," fisherman Greg Walinski told the Cape Cod Times. Unlike other approaches, catch shares reward conservation. "As the fishery recovers, fishermen's total catch grows," explains EDF's Emilie Litsinger. Fishermen also have the option to trade shares if the need arises. For example, if a fisherman catches more than his share, he can buy quota from another, still keeping the total catch within the limit. The result: less waste and more profit. Over the last five years, catch shares have compiled a solid record of rebuilding fish populations around the nation, including programs EDF helped implement for red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico and groundfish in the Pacific. We also are leading the fight this year on Capitol Hill to defeat short-sighted legislation that would ban new catch share programs along the East and Gulf Coasts. "Catch shares are proving that fishermen can be good managers if given the chance," says Captain Chris Brown, who operates a 45-foot trawler out of Point Judith, R.I. "We're becoming businessmen, finally, instead of just hunters and gatherers." NET GAIN FOR FISH AND FISHERMAN The catch share program for Gulf of Mexico red snapper that EDF helped create in 2007 has proved to be a spectacular success. FISHING SEASON EXTENDED +300% The fishing season has expanded from a couple of months to 365 days, ending the dangerous race for fish. VALUE OF FISHERY FISHES +86% As the fishery recovers, the value of catch shares has risen dramatically, benefiting fishermen and the economy. WASTED FISH DECLINES -70% With size limits and short seasons, nearly half the red snapper caught used to be thrown back, dying. Now the discards have declined sharply. THE FISHERY RECOVERS +45% As commercial fishermen waste less fish, red snapper populations are rebounding, letting fishermen catch more each year. "For the first time, fishermen are working together for a common goal. Catch shares are the reason. I feel I have a stake in the resource." Bubba Cochrane, Galveston, Texas, fisherman ENSURING A FUTURE FOR SHARKS EDF spearheads a unique partnership between the United States, Mexico and Cuba to save the Gulf of Mexico's magnificent deep-sea predators. Sharks have roamed the oceans for more than 400 million years, since even before there were dinosaurs. But that ancient lineage does not guarantee a future. Today, tens of millions of sharks are killed each year. "The Gulf of Mexico has nearly 100 shark species, but populations of some large sharks, including tigers and hammerheads, have fallen by as much as 90%," says Dr. Douglas Rader, EDF's chief oceans scientist. There is no easy answer to the shark crisis, in part because many sharks are highly migratory and have few young. They're also a source of food and livelihoods in many nations. In response, EDF has begun working with the Mote Marine Laboratory of Sarasota, Fla., to link the United States, Mexico and Cuba in a program to rebuild shark populations in the Gulf of Mexico. Sharks play a key role in marine ecosystems. For example, as their populations have fallen on the U.S. Atlantic coast, the rays they prey on have proliferated. The rays feed on bay scallops and have ravaged scallop beds, devastating the fishery. The EDF shark initiative builds on a decade of work with area governments, researchers and fishermen. "Our goal is to expand scientific exchanges and broker cooperation to protect our shared resources," says Dan Whittle, director of our Cuba program. Last year, EDF co-convened the first meeting of a tri-national shark team to begin laying the foundation for effective conservation. We're working with researchers from the University of Havana and Mexican partners to identify shark nursery areas and determine shark migration patterns. We're also helping managers explore policy options, including catch shares. The results of our collaboration will form the basis for more effective management and for setting sustainable catch limits-the first steps toward ensuring a future for sharks in the Gulf. "If successful, the tri-national program for sharks can be a powerful model for management of sharks globally and other migratory species like tuna and swordfish," says Pam Baker, EDF's director of conservation initiatives for the Gulf. "Cuba, Mexico and the United States are ecologically connected. Cooperation benefits us all." Billy Causey, Southeast Regional Director, NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Program OCEAN DIPLOMACY: TAKING CATCH SHARES INTERNATIONAL Fish know no national boundaries, so international engagement is essential. In 2011, EDF expanded its fisheries work in North America and beyond. We helped convince Belize's cabinet to authorize catch shares coupled with marine protected areas for spiny lobster. This will reduce fishing pressure along the 600-mile-long Mesoamerican reef, the largest barrier reef in the hemisphere. We also teamed up with Mexican officials, fishermen and nonprofit groups to expand our pilot catch share program for finfish, shrimp and clams in the Gulf of California. The Gulf supplies more than half of Mexico's seafood, but is overexploited and threatened by destructive fishing practices. Across the Atlantic, where 75% of Europe's fish stocks are overfished, we are consulting with EU governments as they rewrite Europe's fisheries law. PROTECTING IMPERILED CORAL REEFS, THE FOUNDATION OF MARINE LIFE Coral reefs contain one-quarter of all fish species, but they're imperiled by a variety of human-caused threats. Up to 35% of the world's reefs may be lost within the next two decades. Compounding the threats of overfishing and climate change is the growing demand for coral reef wildlife for home decor, jewelry and aquariums. Between 1988 and 2007, the global trade for coral exploded nearly fifteen fold. Beautiful sea creatures such as iridescent cardinal fish are pulled from coral reefs as part of a largely unregulated international trade that is devastating many fish and coral populations. Every year up to 30 million fish and 1.5 million live corals are harvested, with the majority of them destined for the United States. In response, EDF and its partners launched a campaign to leverage U.S. market power through the creation of stronger federal rules. Current U.S. laws lack standards for sustainable coral collection and shipping, while international laws are weak and poorly enforced. For example, in Southeast Asia, despite laws prohibiting the practice, collectors often squirt cyanide poison in the water to stun fish, many of which die in transport. EDF's coral coalition is working with scientists, industry leaders and policy makers to stimulate lasting change. Our goal is to end destructive collection and help ensure the survival of Earth's most fragile marine ecosystems.
STATEMENT OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS (CONTINUED)   ECOSYSTEMS FIELD OF DREAMS Denny Friest, a fourth-generation farmer, grows corn and soybeans on 1,450 acres in Iowa with his wife, son and daughter-in-law. In his Iowa Soybean Association hat, Friest looks like a traditional farmer, but in fact he's part of an agricultural vanguard, an evangelist for the use of precise data to raise crops more efficiently, with less impact on the environment. When he learned that fertilizer runoff from Midwestern farms flows down the Mississippi River, creating a 6,000-square-mile dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico, he enrolled in a program to cut fertilizer use. "We farmers are targeted as part of the problem, but we want to be part of the solution, too," he says. Working with the On-Farm Network, Friest has cut fertilizer use on his farm by 30% while his yield has steadily increased. "This partnership gives farmers the resources we need," he says. "Rather than telling us what to do, EDF helped us become better managers-and better stewards of the soil." WHY WE WORK ON ECOSYSTEMS "Farms could become havens for wildlife, and farmers could be frontline stewards of clean water, fresh air and a healthy climate. They will need to be, if our planet is to sustain a growing population." David Festa VP Land, Water and Wildlife ECOSYSTEMS GOALS o Conserve land and protect wildlife o Protect water supply and freshwater ecosystems o Cut reactive nitrogen pollution o Foster markets for ecosystem services FOR FARMERS, CONSERVATION PAYS Through our on-the-ground partnerships in 12 states, EDF is helping farmers save money, reduce pollution and become better stewards of clean water and vanishing wildlife habitat. Dairy farmers in Maryland and corn growers in Illinois have one thing in common: both often use far too much fertilizer. The excess runs off their fields into streams and lakes, creating oxygen-starved "dead zones" from the Chesapeake Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. Starting in 2001, the Iowa Soybean Association, aided by EDF, decided to do something about this. Through the association's On-Farm Network, we began helping farmers cut polluted runoff by offering them accurate information about how much fertilizer their crops really need. The result: farmers pollute less and save money. The program has caught on, and today we're working with farmers to improve water quality in 12 states. Our work took on added urgency in 2011, after massive floods in the Midwest sent fertilizer down the Mississippi River into the Gulf of Mexico, creating a dead zone the size of New Jersey, the largest on record. We run a similar program in Ohio, where fertilizer runoff contributes to algae growth in Lake Erie that threatens the drinking water of 11 million people. And 265 farmers around Chesapeake Bay have joined with us to combat the dead zone that nearly eradicated the bay's oyster fishery. Historically, farmers never knew exactly how much fertilizer to use, so they often applied too much, just to be on the safe side. The result: an estimated half of what they applied was flushed into waterways. Our network shows farmers how to use precise data collection and effective soil management to determine how much fertilizer their crops actually need. We also strengthened incentives for farmers to restore wetlands and woodland buffers. These vanishing ecosystems filter pollution and provide habitat for birds and beneficial insects. "EDF realizes that we too are environmentalists," says Iowa farmer Denny Friest. "And they have helped us become better managers." Today, the network includes some 1,000 farmers working nearly one million acres of critical watersheds. They have cut fertilizer use up to 25%, saving an average of $3 per acre, without reducing yields. "Our goal is to influence federal policies," says EDF scientist Suzy Friedman. "We need to make precise use of fertilizer the rule, not the exception, among farmers. Then we can make a real difference in water quality in this country." EDF is also advancing more efficient farming practices by working with retailers like Walmart that have the purchasing power to create mass consumer demand for sustainable farm products. TOO MUCH OF A GOOD THING When too much fertilizer is applied to crops, the excess runs off and pollutes waterways. Reducing the excess and planting a buffer of grasses and trees can help. "By promoting agricultural reform and partnering with landowners to protect habitat, EDF is helping us all." Barbara Kingsolver EDF National Council Member and bestselling author MAKING THE GULF OF MEXICO WHOLE AGAIN Gulf Coast wetlands are a miracle of nature, protecting industry, cities, fisheries and wildlife. EDF is part of a strong bipartisan coalition to restore them. More than a year after BP's Deepwater Horizon well was capped, the city of New Orleans remains vulnerable to hurricanes, and Louisiana's wetlands-which nurture the Gulf's $23 billion fishing industry-are in bigger trouble than ever. The state loses up to 30 square miles of coastland each year, due to canals and levees that starve the wetlands of sediment and freshwater. The oil spill worsened the ecological disaster, but it also opened up opportunities to rethink how the Mississippi River and its delta are managed. For 35 years, EDF has been at the forefront of efforts to restore Gulf Coast wetlands. In 2011, we joined forces with allies ranging from the Louisiana governor's office to the 17,000-member Houma Nation to press for full restoration of the Gulf. Our goal was to ensure that most of the BP penalties from the oil spill-which could reach $21 billion-go to rebuilding endangered Gulf communities and ecosystems. BP committed an initial $1 billion in 2011 to pay for early restoration projects, in an agreement EDF helped advance. We then helped shape a bill in Washington that would dedicate 80% of BP's fines to economic recovery and wetlands restoration, instead of to the general federal budget. Cosponsored by two Democrats and seven Republicans, the proposed legislation represents a milestone for a politically polarized Congress. As Senators Mary Landrieu (D-LA) and Richard Shelby (R-AL) hammered out the bill, we gained support on both sides of the aisle by introducing provisions that were important to both Republicans and Democrats. Our strategy included radio ads pointing out how investing in coastal restoration creates more jobs than oil and gas investments. To advance wetlands restoration, EDF scientist Dr. Angelina Freeman helped develop a model project in Myrtle Grove, La. It demonstrated how the Mississippi River's land-building power can be harnessed to restore wetlands and protect coastal communities. The Army Corps is now using EDF's wetlands rebuilding model on its first restoration projects. "EDF played a critical role in bridging the differences between the parties and winning bipartisan support for legislation to restore the Gulf after the devastating oil spill." William K. Reilly, Co-chair, National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling
STATEMENT OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS (CONTINUED)   EXTENDING A WELCOME MAT TO WILDLIFE The largest population of endangered golden-cheeked warblers in the world nests at Fort Hood Army Base in Texas, where deafening explosions are commonplace. The birds are doing fine, however, thanks to a program designed by EDF. Under the plan, Fort Hood gets credits for restoring warbler habitat on private land outside the base, allowing it to continue maneuvers. Landowners get paid to restore habitat, and wildlife receives a significant net gain in habitat. The project is working so well we've expanded it from six to 34 counties, spanning the entire Texas Hill Country. The program offers credits to energy companies running transmission lines and others. With this offset system, such projects can proceed around the country while endangered wildlife and ecosystems win greater protection. A VOICE FOR RIVERS: CHANGING HOW THE WEST VIEWS WATER For the Southwest, the Colorado River is a lifeline. But a century of "use it or lose it" laws have discouraged conservation, devastating wildlife and drying up the river system. EDF is helping transform the way water is used in the Colorado River basin, which covers seven states and Mexico. With local and national partners, we are advocating a host of remedies to restore the entire river. They include: flexible water management, conservation in cities and on farms, and guaranteed water rights for the environment. "We need to ensure enough water is left in our rivers to keep fish and wildlife healthy," says Ecosystems VP David Festa. "With climate change further stressing rivers, there's no time to lose." Agriculture uses three-quarters of the water in the Colorado basin, an unsustainable share given the region's growing population. EDF seeks to end the tug of war between cities and farms. We're finding ways to help farmers conserve water and transfer the saved water to other users for fair compensation. "By moving water among users, you can use it more efficiently," says Festa. Our goal is to reward farmers for services they provide. The crops they grow will become just one asset in a portfolio that includes clean water, wildlife habitat and climate protection. That will finally make it profitable to protect the resources on which all life depends. HEALTH CLEAN AIR MOM "I'm not an environmental activist," says Roxana Soto, "but when I learned that lawmakers were trying to undo clean air regulations, I had to speak out." Like seven million other American children, Soto's five-year-old daughter suffers from asthma. Her condition is aggravated by poor air quality. During one recent spell, she couldn't sleep through the night for six weeks. "It scares me that lobbyists have the power to change laws," Soto says. "But I'm not going to be intimidated. Being a parent has changed my perspective." To fight back, Soto, an Emmy Award-winning journalist, joined the Moms Clean Air Force and is lending her voice to the chorus for clean air. Her blog, spanglishbaby.com, has been called a "must read" by Parenting magazine. In 2011, nontraditional allies like Soto helped defeat anti-environmental legislation in Congress. "Clean air is a basic human right," she says. "One person may not make a difference, but together we can." WHY WE WORK ON HEALTH "Pollution and toxic chemicals take a heavy toll on public health, particularly on children. We have an opportunity to ensure the safety of chemicals and cut smokestack pollution." Andrew Maguire Health HEALTH GOALS o Cut air pollution from coal plants 75% o Reform U.S. toxic chemicals policy to reduce exposure to harmful substances o Accelerate innovation through corporate partnerships DEFENDING THE RIGHT TO BREATHE CLEAN AIR Over the past four decades, the Clean Air Act has saved millions of lives. But in 2011, this bedrock law came under attack in the courts and on Capitol Hill, and EDF mobilized new allies to come to its defense. The Clean Air Act is widely considered one of the most effective environmental laws ever passed, providing $30 in health benefits for every dollar invested in pollution controls. Yet some Washington politicians made it their mission in 2011 to prevent the Environmental Protection Agency from enforcing the law-and tried to cut $3 billion from the agency's budget. "The anti-environment onslaught on Capitol Hill is the worst I've seen in my more than 25 years at EDF," says our president, Fred Krupp. Working with the Senate in April, EDF and others were able to eliminate the most draconian cuts in the House budget, but coal lobbyists and their political allies continued their attempts to undermine EPA's authority. They added more than 170 anti-environmental riders to House bills. We responded by providing analysis and expert testimony on the Hill, challenging opponents directly in court and enlisting corporate support for the Clean Air Act. Our efforts got a big boost from EDF's Strategic Partners and our sister organization, the Environmental Defense Action Fund. Non-tax-deductible gifts to the Action Fund let us mount ad campaigns targeting key legislators. Lobbyists for one of America's biggest polluters, American Electric Power, circulated their own draft bill in Congress last spring, which would have scuttled EPA rules requiring coal-fired power plants to reduce emissions of soot, sulfur dioxide and mercury. Within days, EDF's legal team issued an analysis that showed the bill would cause an estimated 34,000 deaths in its first two years alone. Our analysis was disseminated broadly on Capitol Hill, where even coal-friendly legislators scrambled to distance themselves from the bill. As a result, it was never introduced. In defense of the Clean Air Act, we also helped launch a group of influential bloggers, calling themselves the Moms Clean Air Force, to engage more people in the struggle. Their online activism helped generate more than 100,000 messages to Congress urging legislators not to let polluters undercut air quality. "Knowing that some companies put their profits ahead of kids is absolutely infuriating," says Karen Francis, a Moms Clean Air Force blogger who is also a military spouse. "What do we do about it? We make sure EPA's ability to safeguard the air we breathe isn't gutted." The fight for the Clean Air Act and a strong EPA isn't over. But Vickie Patton, EDF's general counsel, is confident in the future. "Our children's health is at stake," she says. "It's that simple." THE PRICE OF COAL Dirty air imposes steep costs on human health. Coal-fired power plants are the largest source of sulfur dioxide and particulate pollution in the air. "There's no more powerful force for children's health than moms united. Hats off to EDF for launching the Moms Clean Air Force." Dr. Harvey Karp, pediatrician and author of The Happiest Toddler on the Block
STATEMENT OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS (CONTINUED)   CLEARING THE AIR IN NEW YORK CITY Working with EDF, Mayor Bloomberg announced new rules to phase out dirty heating oil from the city's buildings. In Harlem, one in four children has asthma. That's double the rate of the city as a whole, and four times the national average. Although asthma attacks have multiple causes, air pollution from low-grade No. 6 and No. 4 heating oil is one trigger. Just 1% of New York City buildings burn these fuels, but they put more particulate matter, or soot, into the air than all the city's cars and trucks combined. When EDF learned that Con Edison was laying a gas pipe to enable Columbia University to convert 70 buildings in Harlem from dirty oil to natural gas, we encouraged other buildings to convert as well. We reached out to nearby landlords and, as a result, another 64 buildings could shift to the cleaner, more economical fuel. That would remove 25,000 pounds of soot pollution from the city's air annually. The Harlem project is an outgrowth of our campaign to clean up New York City's heating oil. Three years ago, EDF staff pinpointed 9,500 city buildings that burn No. 4 oil or the even dirtier No. 6 oil, which is basically unrefined sludge. We used that data to build an interactive online map showing these buildings' locations, block by block (edf.org/dirtybuildings). "When we learned that our building was on EDF's dirty building list, we decided it made good business sense to convert to natural gas and stop polluting the air we all breathe," says Jerry Cohen, a co-op board member on the Upper West Side. Our campaign to clean up heating oil also caught the attention of Mayor Michael Bloomberg. In 2011, after working closely with EDF and our allies, the administration announced new rules that will phase out No. 6 oil by 2015 and No. 4 oil by 2030. The impact of that decision on illnesses such as asthma and heart disease could be "second only to our achievements in reducing the city's smoking rates," said Thomas Farley, the city's health commissioner. We've also worked with the mayor's office to develop financing options that will help building owners convert to cleaner fuels more quickly. "The clean air renaissance in Harlem is underway," says EDF attorney Isabelle Silverman. In New York City, 300,000 kids have been diagnosed with asthma. The phaseout of dirty fuels in city buildings will enable kids to breathe easier-and save $733 million in annual health care costs. "Environmental Defense Fund has been a critical partner and resource in our efforts to make New York a truly sustainable 21st century city." Michael R. Bloomberg Mayor of New York City PROTECTING FAMILIES FRON TOXIC CHEMICALS New research reveals that some health problems linked to chemical exposure can be carried forward to future generations. For example, the biocide tributyltin found in some paints and plastics can cause a cell predestined to become a bone cell to become a fat cell instead, increasing the risk of obesity and diabetes. Long after the initial chemical exposure, animal studies suggest, parents can transfer such disorders to their offspring. The good news? EDF spurred a high-level dialogue with the chemical industry that could yield a bipartisan agreement on reforming the flawed Toxic Substances Control Act-the main law on the safety of chemicals. Of 85,000 chemicals available for commercial use, EPA has required testing of only about 2%. Our prodding has already pushed EPA to upgrade its chemical reporting practices. TAKING A STAND FOR SCIENCE AND TOUGH REGULATION IN THE SHALE GAS INDUSTRY A technique called hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has opened up vast deposits of shale gas. In 2001, shale provided 2% of U.S. natural gas; now it accounts for about 30%, and total reserves have risen dramatically. The expanded supply offers a great environmental benefit, since natural gas burns more cleanly than coal. But it has also created a host of new environmental challenges, while industry secrecy has spurred public mistrust. EDF is leading the effort to make sure natural gas reduces our carbon footprint, while minimizing the impact on people and the environment. In 2011, Energy Secretary Steven Chu appointed EDF president Fred Krupp to a seven-member panel charged with recommending new standards for the industry. The group's first report called for more oversight, strong regulation of air and water pollution and disclosure of fracking chemicals. The next step is to get these recommendations implemented. We helped lead a coalition of groups that sued EPA, forcing it to propose rules to cut air pollution from oil and gas production. We then worked to pass a groundbreaking Texas law mandating full disclosure of fracking chemicals. And we're now working with industry leaders on rules for safe well construction and operation. "If implemented," Krupp says, "our committee's recommendations will create a new level of transparency and oversight in the natural gas industry." AN OBSERVATION ON A RANCH FUELS A PASSIONATE COMMITMENT Whether they are hiking in Montana or rafting down the Colorado River, a love of the outdoors is the connecting thread for Kirsten Feldman and her family, including husband Hugh Frater and two teenage children. "Doing things in nature is how we spend our time," says Feldman, a former managing director at Morgan Stanley who is also a trustee of a land trust in Washington, Connecticut. A nature photographer, she brings her passion for the outdoors home through her images. Feldman and her husband are ardent supporters of EDF. When she retired from investment banking, she decided to devote her time, financial expertise and thick Rolodex of contacts to protecting the environment. After exhaustive sleuthing, she decided that "EDF really fit with me" and accepted an invitation to join the Board of Trustees. Now the co-chair of the board's climate committee, Feldman became especially concerned about global warming after observing changes on her family's Montana ranch. An epidemic of dying pine trees made her realize how rapidly the environment was changing, and not for the better. "I thought that folks with my background -with global expertise in complex financial transactions-needed to get involved in fighting climate change and could make an impact," she said, explaining her decision to serve on the board. "I feel that everything ultimately comes down to economics. If you put an economic framework in place with the right incentives to protect the environment, that results in lasting solutions. EDF's strategy on climate is focused on economic incentives. At the end of the day, that's why I chose EDF." A SHARED LOVE FOR OCEANS AND SCIENCE INSPIRES A PARTNERSHIP Barry Gold still remembers the afternoon he spent in his Palo Alto, California, backyard with EDF West Coast VP David Festa, working out strategies to rescue fisheries off the Pacific and New England coasts. "We found we had a similar approach and philosophy," says Gold, whose love for the ocean was nurtured during childhood summers spent on Long Island Sound. "That led to an incredibly productive partnership." Gold is the head of the Marine Conservation Initiative at the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Festa, at the time, was steering EDF's oceans program in a new direction. Their initial collaboration produced Sustaining America's Fisheries and Fishing Communities, the first comprehensive scientific analysis to assess the effectiveness of catch shares, an incentive-based way of managing fisheries. "We both are rooted in the science and not just in the cause," says Gold. "So we constantly challenged the results to make sure they were credible." A case in point is the catch share program in New England: "In the face of formidable political opposition," Gold observes, "EDF assessed what issues needed to be addressed in the program's design and then supported changes, such as in monitoring. "The people in the oceans program are some of the best in the business," he says. "I'm hugely impressed that EDF sees the need for transferring the intellectual capital they've built up over the years to the fisheries sector and to government." Gold adds: "While the outcome is important, how you get to that outcome is equally important, so that it has real integrity. And we found that in EDF."
STATEMENT OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS (CONTINUED)   FOR A TEXAS INVESTOR, PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT RUNS IN THE FAMILY For John Kerr and his wife Susan, it was their son Jeff who sparked their environmental commitment. As a freshly minted college graduate in 2002, Jeff began an internship in EDF's office in Austin, Texas. His obvious enthusiasm for the work proved to be contagious. "What appealed to Susan and me," says Kerr, an investor in biomedical oncology research, "was EDF's hard science approach to solving difficult environmental problems, as opposed to a more politicized approach. It doesn't really matter whether you are a Republican, Democrat or Independent. These are problems that everybody needs to be working on." He and Susan appreciate, too, that EDF seeks opportunities to work with industry and government instead of taking an oppositional stance. "Many people in the business community are skeptics," says Kerr, who today chairs EDF's Texas advisory board. "For me, EDF is a perfect way to introduce these people to the climate issue-to say, you really need to learn about this problem and EDF can give you the facts." Kerr recalls how EDF worked with others to get the new owners of the Texas electric utility TXU to cancel plans for eight coal-fired power plants. He says the achievement shows that "EDF creates coalitions of unexpected groups to get results." A World War II history buff and a published novelist, Kerr has three new books coming out soon. His family's passion for the environment continues to be a driving force. Of their four children, Jeff went on to study environmental law and Millie, also a lawyer, is an advocate for African wildlife. IN THE WAKE OF KATRINA, HE HELPS BRING A COMMUNITY BACK TO LIFE Tom Darden grew up watching his father clean up brownfields, former industrial sites, to make way for new development. Now, Darden hopes to make a positive impact on people and the planet through the built environment. Currently, Darden is executive director of Make It Right, a nonprofit started by actor Brad Pitt that builds green, affordable new housing in New Orleans' Katrina-devastated Lower Ninth Ward. "We wanted to show how to build adaptively in any climate," Darden says. "Most of the world lives near a coastline and is susceptible to flooding. We began with the question: What would it take to build the kind of house that would reduce that risk in the Lower Ninth Ward? If we can figure out how to do it sustainably here, we can do it everywhere." Key to the plan is restoration of Bayou Bienvenue, a cypress swamp east of the city. Until salt-water intrusion from levees devastated the bayou and other wetlands, they had thrived alongside a sizable residential population. "They used to provide a natural barrier against storm surges," Darden says. "Now there is a lot of community interest in restoring them. Just as the Lower Ninth Ward is symbolic of renewal, so are these wetlands." When Darden turned 30, he decided it was time to start planning a legacy. He talked to a lawyer and says the process was "totally easy. I handed over a list of the charities I wanted to give to and the percentages." Leaving a legacy to EDF was a "no-brainer," he says. "I'm a strong supporter of EDF's Gulf work, and I believe the organization will have a lasting impact well beyond my time."
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OMB No. 1545-0047
2010
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Environmental Defense Fund Inc
 
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11-6107128
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Section 512(b)(13) controlled organization
Yes No
(1) ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND INC

257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH

NEW YORK,NY10010
90-0080500 		ENV ADVOCACY DE   501(C)(4) EDF
 
 
 
(2) CALIFORNIA FISHERIES FUND INC

123 MISSION STREET

SAN FRANCISCO,CA94105
26-0873741 		REV LOAN FND CA 509(a)(3) 501(C)(3) EDF
 
 
 
(3) ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND DE MEXICO AC

CALLE REVOLUCION 345
LAPAZ,MEXICO  
MX
OCEAN PROG MX     EDF
 
 
 








For Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.
Cat. No. 50135Y
Schedule R (Form 990) 2010
Schedule R (Form 990) 2010
Page 2
Part III
Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Partnership (Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related organizations treated as a partnership during the tax year.)
(a)
Name, address, and EIN of
related organization



 		(b)
Primary activity




 		(c)
Legal
domicile
(state or foreign
country)


 		(d)
Direct controlling
entity



 		(e)
Predominant income(related, unrelated, excluded from tax under sections 512-514)

(f)
Share of total income




 		(g)
Share of end-of-year
assets



 		(h)
Disproprtionate allocations?




 		(i)
Code V—UBI
amount in box 20 of
Schedule K-1
(Form 1065)
 		(j)
General or
managing
partner?



 		(k)
Percentage
ownership
Yes No Yes No












Part IV
Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Corporation or Trust (Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related organizations treated as a corporation or trust during the tax year.)
(a)
Name, address, and EIN of related organization



 		(b)
Primary activity



 		(c)
Legal domicile
(state or
foreign
country)
 		(d)
Direct controlling
entity


 		(e)
Type of entity
(C corp, S corp,
or trust)

 		(f)
Share of total income



 		(g)
Share of
end-of-year
assets

 		(h)
Percentage
ownership












Schedule R (Form 990) 2010
Schedule R (Form 990) 2010
Page 3
Part V
Transactions With Related Organizations (Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34, 35, 35A, or 36.)
Note. Complete line 1 if any entity is listed in Parts II, III or IV.
Yes
No
1 During the tax year, did the orgranization engage in any of the following transactions with one or more related organizations listed in Parts II-IV?
a Receipt of (i) interest (ii) annuities (iii) royalties (iv) rent from a controlled entity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1a
 
No
b Gift, grant, or capital contribution to other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1b
Yes
 
c Gift, grant, or capital contribution from other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1c
 
No
d Loans or loan guarantees to or for other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1d
Yes
 
e Loans or loan guarantees by other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1e
Yes
 
f Sale of assets to other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1f
 
No
g Purchase of assets from other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1g
 
No
h Exchange of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1h
 
No
i Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets to other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1i
 
No
j Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets from other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1j
 
No
k Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations for other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1k
 
No
l Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations by other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1l
 
No
m Sharing of facilities, equipment, mailing lists, or other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1m
Yes
 
n Sharing of paid employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1n
Yes
 
o Reimbursement paid to other organization for expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1o
 
No
p Reimbursement paid by other organization for expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1p
 
No
q Other transfer of cash or property to other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1q
 
No
r Other transfer of cash or property from other organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1r
 
No
2
If the answer to any of the above is "Yes," see the instructions for information on who must complete this line, including covered relationships and transaction thresholds.
(a)
Name of other organization 		(b)
Transaction
type(a-r) 		(c)
Amount involved 		(d)
Method of determining amount involved
(1) Environmental Defense Action Fund

 B 600,000  
(2) Environmental Defense Action Fund

 M 59,276  
(3) Environmental Defense Action Fund

 N 694,372  
(4) Environmental Defense Action Fund

 E 4,948,007  
(5) CALIFORNIA FISHERIES FUND INC

 B 50,000  
(6) CALIFORNIA FISHERIES FUND INC

 D 47,731  
(7) CALIFORNIA FISHERIES FUND INC

 M,N 135,824  
Schedule R (Form 990) 2010
Schedule R (Form 990) 2010
Page 4
Part VI
Unrelated Organizations Taxable as a Partnership (Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 37.)
Provide the following information for each entity taxed as a partnership through which the organization conducted more than five percent of its activities (measured by total assets or gross revenue) that was not a related organization. See instructions regarding exclusion for certain investment partnerships.
(a)
Name, address, and EIN of entity 		(b)
Primary activity 		(c)
Legal domicile
(state or foreign
country) 		(d)
Are all
partners
section
501(c)(3)
organizations? 		(e)
Share of
end-of-year
assets 		(f)
Disproprtionate allocations? 		(g)
Code V—UBI
amount in box
20 of Schedule K-1
(Form 1065) 		(h)
General or
managing
partner?
Yes No Yes No Yes No






























Schedule R (Form 990) 2010
Schedule R (Form 990) 2010
Page 5
Part VII
Supplemental Information
Complete this part to provide additional information for responses to questions on Schedule R (see instructions).
Identifier Return Reference Explanation
Additional Data


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