Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service
Public Charity Status and Public Support
Complete if the organization is a section 501(c)(3) organization or a section
4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust.
Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ. See separate instructions. Information about Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2013
Open to Public Inspection
Name of the organization
PROPERTY AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH CENTER
Employer identification number
81-0393444
Part I
Reason for Public Charity Status
(All organizations must complete this part.) See instructions.
The organization is not a private foundation because it is: (For lines 1 through 11, check only one box.)
1
2
3
4
5
section 170(b)(1)(A)(iv). (Complete Part II.)
6
7
8
9
receipts from activities related to its exempt functions—subject to certain exceptions, and (2) no more than 331/3% of
its support from gross investment income and unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 tax) from businesses
acquired by the organization after June 30, 1975. See section 509(a)(2). (Complete Part III.)
10
11
e
By checking this box, I certify that the organization is not controlled directly or indirectly by one or more disqualified persons other than foundation managers and other than one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or section 509(a)(2).
f
If the organization received a written determination from the IRS that it is a Type I, Type II, or Type III supporting organization, check this box
..................................................
g
Since August 17, 2006, has the organization accepted any gift or contribution from any of the following persons?
(i) A person who directly or indirectly controls, either alone or together with persons described in (ii)
Yes
No
and (iii) below, the governing body of the supported organization?
................
11g(i)
(ii)
A family member of a person described in (i) above?
......................
11g(ii)
(iii)
A 35% controlled entity of a person described in (i) or (ii) above?
................
11g(iii)
h
Provide the following information about the supported organization(s).
(i) Name of supported organization
(ii) EIN
(iii) Type of organization (described on lines 1- 9 above or IRC section (see instructions))
(iv) Is the organization in col. (i) listed in your governing document?
(v) Did you notify the organization in col. (i) of your support?
(vi) Is the organization in col. (i) organized in the U.S.?
(vii) Amount of monetary support
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Total
For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990EZ.
Cat. No. 11285F
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2013
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2013
Page 2
Part II
Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Sections 170(b)(1)(A)(iv) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi) (Complete only if you checked the box on line 5, 7, or 8 of Part I or if the
organization failed to qualify under Part III. If the organization fails to
qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part III.)
Section A. Public Support
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)
(a) 2009
(b) 2010
(c) 2011
(d) 2012
(e) 2013
(f) Total
1
Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") ....
2,414,944
2,501,943
3,060,329
1,668,697
2,281,433
11,927,346
2
Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf.......
3
The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..
4
Total. Add lines 1 through 3
2,414,944
2,501,943
3,060,329
1,668,697
2,281,433
11,927,346
5
The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included
on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f)..
5,770,706
6
Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4.
6,156,640
Section B. Total Support
Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in)
(a) 2009
(b) 2010
(c) 2011
(d) 2012
(e) 2013
(f) Total
7
Amounts from line 4..
2,414,944
2,501,943
3,060,329
1,668,697
2,281,433
11,927,346
8
Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources...
41,437
12,695
7,232
19,098
19,899
100,361
9
Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on..
2,268
1,208
3,476
10
Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part IV.)..
11
Total support (Add lines 7 through 10).
12,031,183
12
Gross receipts from related activities, etc. (see instructions)
..................
12
13
First five years.
If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a 501(c)(3) organization,
check this box and stop here.................................................
Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage
14
Public support percentage for 2013 (line 6, column (f) divided by line 11, column (f))
.........
14
51.170 %
15
Public support percentage for 2012 Schedule A, Part II, line 14
...............
15
47.500 %
16a
33 1/3% support test—2013.
If the organization did not check the box on line 13, and line 14 is 33 1/3% or more, check this box
and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization
.......................
b
33 1/3% support test—2012.
If the organization did not check a box on line 13 or 16a, and line 15 is 33 1/3% or more, check this
box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization
.....................
17a
10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2013.
If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, or 16b, and line 14
is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here. Explain
in Part IV how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported
organization
.....................................................
b
10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2012.
If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, or 17a, and line
15 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here.
Explain in Part IV how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization
................................................
18
Private foundation.
If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, 17a, or 17b, check this box and see
instructions
.....................................................
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2013
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2013
Page 3
Part III
Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Section 509(a)(2) (Complete only if you checked the box on line 9 of Part I or if the organization
failed to qualify under Part II. If the organization fails to qualify under
the tests listed below, please complete Part II.)
Section A. Public Support
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)
(a) 2009
(b) 2010
(c) 2011
(d) 2012
(e) 2013
(f) Total
1
Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") .
2
Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose......
3
Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513..
4
Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf...
5
The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..
6
Total. Add lines 1 through 5.
7a
Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons...
b
Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year.
c
Add lines 7a and 7b..
8
Public support (Subtract line 7c from line 6.)
Section B. Total Support
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)
(a) 2009
(b) 2010
(c) 2011
(d) 2012
(e) 2013
(f) Total
9
Amounts from line 6...
10a
Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources..
b
Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975.
c
Add lines 10a and 10b.
11
Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.
12
Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part IV.)
..
13
Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.)..
14
First five years.
If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a 501(c)(3) organization,
check this box and stop here.............................................
Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage
15
Public support percentage for 2013 (line 8, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f))
.........
15
16
Public support percentage from 2012 Schedule A, Part III, line 15
...............
16
Section D. Computation of Investment Income Percentage
17
Investment income percentage for 2013 (line 10c, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f))
......
17
18
Investment income percentage from 2012 Schedule A, Part III, line 17
.............
18
19a
33 1/3% support tests—2013.
If the organization did not check the box on line 14, and line 15 is more than 33 1/3%, and line 17 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization
........
b
33 1/3% support tests—2012.
If the organization did not check a box on line 14 or line 19a, and line 16 is more than 33 1/3% and line 18 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization
.....
20
Private foundation.
If the organization did not check a box on line 14, 19a, or 19b, check this box and see instructions
.....
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2013
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2013
Page 4
Part IV
Supplemental Information.
Provide the explanations required by Part II, line 10; Part II, line 17a or 17b; and Part III, line 12. Also complete this part for any additional information. (See instructions).
Facts And Circumstances Test
Explanation
Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2013
Additional Data
Software ID:
Software Version:
-
TIN:
SCHEDULE O (Form 990 or 990-EZ)
Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service
Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ
Complete to provide information for responses to specific questions on
Form 990 or to provide any additional information.
Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
Information about Schedule O (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at
www.irs.gov/form990.
OMB No. 1545-0047
2013
Open to Public Inspection
Name of the organization
PROPERTY AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH CENTER
Employer identification number
81-0393444
Return Reference
Explanation
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A
PROGRAM SERVICES: CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS ENVIROPRENEUR INSTITUTE: THE 14TH ANNUAL ENVIROPRENEUR INSTITUTE RAN FROM JUNE 23-JULY 2, 2013 IN BOZEMAN, MT. FOURTEEN ENVIRONMENTAL ENTREPRENEURS CAME FROM NINE STATES AND THREE FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO LEARN HOW PROPERTY RIGHTS, CONTRACTS, AND MARKETS CAN ENHANCE THE VALUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS. THE CURRICULUM INCLUDED A LIBERTY FUND COLLOQUIUM TITLED, "PROPERTY RIGHTS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE ENVIRONMENT," FOLLOWED BY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT LECTURES, MENTORING SESSIONS, AND PROJECT DEVELOPMENT. THE TEN-DAY CURRICULUM CULMINATED WITH THE FIRST ANNUAL PERC SHARK TANK IN WHICH EACH FELLOW DELIVERED AN INVESTMENT PITCH TO A PANEL OF THREE ALUMNI. THE YEAR'S COHORT, ALONG WITH THE PROGRAM'S 200 ALUMNI, ARE GENERATING RETURNS ON PERC'S INVESTMENT IN ENVIROPRENEUR EDUCATION. SEVERAL 2013 INSTITUTE ALUMNI LAUNCHED CONSERVATION-BASED, FOR-PROFIT BUSINESSES AND DESCRIBED THEIR EXPERIENCE AT PERC AS AN IMPORTANT CATALYST. THE WORK OF THESE ENVIROPRENEURS PROVES THE VALUE AND REAL-WORLD APPLICABILITY OF FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM. TO EMPOWER THESE ALUMNI, FACILITATE NETWORKING BETWEEN THEM, AND SHOWCASE THEIR SUCCESSES, THE APPLIED PROGRAMS TEAM BUILT A SEARCHABLE ALUMNI DATABASE. WE ALSO BEGAN PLANNING AND FUNDRAISING FOR AN EXPANDED ENVIROPRENEUR INSTITUTE TO INCLUDE A BUSINESS INCUBATOR AND EXECUTIVE EDUCATION PROGRAMMING. LIBERTY FUND COLLOQUIA: PERC IS THE PREMIER RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR STUDYING THE APPLICATION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AND MARKETS, PERC'S CO-SPONSORED PROGRAMS WITH LIBERTY FUND ARE DESIGNED TO EXPAND AND INCREASE THE SCOPE OF FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM. THROUGH THE "COLLOQUIA SERIES ON MARKETS, FREEDOM, AND THE ENVIRONMENT," WE PROVE THAT WITHOUT ENVIRONMENT AND LIBERTY, WE ARE AT RISK OF LOSING BOTH. IN 2013 WE CO-HOSTED SIX COLLOQUIA INCLUDING ONE FOR PROFESSIONALS, "PROPERTY RIGHTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND THE ENVIRONMENT: APPLICATIONS TO NATIVE AMERICAN SOCIETIES"; TWO FOR ACADEMICS, "RECONCILING ECOLOGY AND ECONOMICS: PROCESSES AND PROPERTY RIGHTS," AND "HAYEK, COASE, AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES"; ONE FOR ENVIROPRENEURS, "LIBERTY AND THE PROGRESS OF THE HUMAN CONDITION"; ONE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENTREPRENEURS, "PROPERTY RIGHTS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND THE ENVIRONMENT"; AND ANOTHER FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS, "FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM AND THE INSTITUTIONS OF LIBERTY." SEARLE FREEDOM TRUST WORKSHOPS: INITIATED IN 2009, THE FUNDAMENTAL GOAL OF PERC'S "WORKSHOP SERIES ON MARKETS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT" IS TO EXPOSE MORE SCHOLARS AND POLICY MAKERS TO THE IDEAS OF FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM (FME). AFTER HOSTING THIS WORKSHOP SERIES FOR FIVE YEARS, PERC HAS BROUGHT 201 PARTICIPANTS TO PERC WORKSHOPS, OF WHICH 64 PERCENT WERE NEW TO PERC. IN 2013, WE CO-HOSTED FOUR WORKSHOPS INCLUDING "RECONCILING ECOLOGY & ECONOMICS: PROCESSES AND PROPERTY RIGHTS," "ENVIRONMENTAL FEDERALISM," "ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND TRIBAL CULTURE: TENSIONS BETWEEN ASSIMILATION AND CULTURE," AND "ENERGY POLICY: POLITICAL, LEGAL, AND ECONOMIC ISSUES."
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B
PROGRAM SERVICES: PROJECTS "FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM FOR THE NEXT GENERATION" BOOK MANUSCRIPT: A MAJOR FOCUS OF PERC'S RESEARCH IN 2013 WAS ON WRITING FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM FOR THE NEXT GENERATION. IN 1991, WE PUBLISHED THE FIRST EDITION OF FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM (PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE). THE BOOK WAS A PACESETTER IN EXPLAINING HOW MANY GOVERNMENT POLICIES WERE FAILING TO IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND HOW PROPERTY RIGHTS AND MARKETS COULD PROVIDE AN ALTERNATIVE. AT THAT TIME, THE NOTION THAT MARKETS AND THE ENVIRONMENT COULD BE HARMONIZED WAS MET WITH SKEPTICISM BECAUSE MOST ENVIRONMENTALISTS SAW MARKETS AS THE ENEMY OF THE ENVIRONMENT. HOWEVER, THE BOOK WAS WELL RECEIVED BY THOSE SEEKING EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVES FOR IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, AND THE SEEDS OF FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM SPROUTED. BY THE TIME FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM (PALGRAVE) WAS REVISED IN 2001, A SEA CHANGE HAD OCCURRED. FOR EXAMPLE, WITH A MORE CONSERVATIVE PRESIDENT IN THE WHITE HOUSE, GROUPS WANTING FEWER CATTLE GRAZING ON FEDERAL LANDS WERE ABANDONING SLOGANS SUCH AS "NO MOO IN '92" AND "CATTLE FREE IN '93" AND, INSTEAD, WERE PROPOSING TO PURCHASE AND RETIRE GRAZING PERMITS FROM RANCHERS WILLING TO SELL THEM. WATER MARKETS WERE BEING USED TO PURCHASE OR LEASE WATER TO INCREASE STEAM FLOWS FOR FISH, AND TRADABLE FISHING PERMITS WERE REDUCING THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS THAT PLAGUE MANY OCEAN FISHERIES. HENCE, THE 2001 EDITION OF FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM REPRESENTED A SHIFT FROM ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS IN THEORY, TO ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS IN PRACTICE. FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM FOR THE NEXT GENERATION PROVIDES A VISION FOR THE FUTURE OF ENVIRONMENTALISM BASED ON THE SUCCESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENTREPRENEURS AROUND THE WORLD. THE ORIGINAL TITLE HAS BEEN EXPANDED WITH A DOUBLE ENTENDRE-THE BOOK PROVIDES THE NEXT GENERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET IDEAS AND THE CHAPTERS ARE CO-AUTHORED WITH YOUNG SCHOLARS AND POLICY ANALYSTS WHO REPRESENT THE NEXT GENERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERS. WE HAVE RETAINED THE ORIGINAL TITLE BECAUSE IT IS WELL KNOWN TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCHOLARS, POLICY ANALYSTS, PRACTITIONERS, BUT EVERY CHAPTER IS ENTIRELY NEW. WEALTH OF INDIAN NATIONS: SINCE THE EARLY 1990S, PERC SCHOLARS HAVE BEEN EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF PROPERTY RIGHTS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY, GENERALLY, AND SPECIFICALLY ON THE USE OF VALUABLE RESERVATION NATURAL RESOURCES. THANKS TO SUPPORT FROM THE M.J. MURDOCK CHARITABLE TRUST, OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS PERC SCHOLARS HAVE ADVANCED THIS RESEARCH ON THE "WEALTH OF INDIAN NATIONS." PERC SCHOLARS HAVE CONDUCTED RESEARCH THAT HAS BEEN PUBLISHED IN PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS, BOOKS, NEWSPAPERS, AND PERC PUBLICATIONS. IN ADDITION, PERC HOSTED A CONFERENCE SPONSORED BY LIBERTY FUND, SEARLE FREEDOM TRUST, AND M.J. MURDOCK CHARITABLE TRUST THAT FOCUSED ON THE WEALTH OF INDIAN NATIONS. THIS PROGRAM ATTRACTED 29 ATTENDEES, WHICH CONSISTED OF SCHOLARS, POLICY MAKERS, AND TRIBAL LEADERS. WE WERE ESPECIALLY PLEASED THAT THIS CONFERENCE HAD REPRESENTATIVES FROM MULTIPLE TRIBES, INCLUDING THREE MAORI TRIBAL LEADERS FROM NEW ZEALAND. ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT IS OUR WORK THAT FOCUSED ON THE POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ON RESERVATIONS AND THE DEVELOPMENT THAT IS THWARTED BY THE PROPERTY AND REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS THAT GOVERN TRIBES. AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH, PERC WAS INVITED TO JOIN A GROUP OF MONTANA LEGISLATORS ON A TOUR OF THE CROW RESERVATION WHERE HE MET TRIBAL CHAIRMAN. VISITING SCHOLARS: PERC OFFERS A WIDE RANGE OF FELLOWSHIPS TO EXPOSE NEW SCHOLARS, STUDENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ENTREPRENEURS, AND POLICY MAKERS TO FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTALISM WHICH IN TURN GENERATES RESEARCH OUTPUT, WHICH CAN BE PUBLISHED IN VARIOUS VENUES TO HELP FURTHER DEMONSTRATE HOW PROPERTY RIGHTS AND MARKETS ARE WORKING TO PROVIDE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY. THIS YEAR PERC HOSTED 28 VISITING SCHOLARS INCLUDING JULIAN SIMON FELLOWS, LONE MOUNTAIN FELLOWS, AND GRADUATE FELLOWS. THESE FELLOWSHIPS HAVE HELPED PERC ATTRACT SCHOLARS FROM MULTIPLE UNIVERSITIES WHO COME KNOWING THAT THEY WILL HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO CONDUCT THEIR RESEARCH AND HAVE IT CRITIQUED IN A CONSTRUCTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE ATMOSPHERE.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 2
THE ORGANIZATION'S PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY ARE MARRIED.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11
A DRAFT COPY OF THE FORM 990 IS APPROVED BY THE FINANCE COMMITTEE PRIOR TO FILING.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ESTABLISHED A GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE TO ESTABLISH A CORRIDOR AND ACCESS FOR PERC EMPLOYEES TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHOULD ANY CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ARISE. THE GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE CONSISTS OF ONE PERC EMPLOYEE AND 2 PERC DIRECTORS. THESE INDIVIDUALS REPORT TO THE ENTIRE BOARD AT EACH BOARD MEETING (TWICE PER YEAR). TO DATE, THIS COMMITTEE HAS HAD NOTHING TO REPORT.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15
THE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION IS REVIEWED AND ESTABLISHED ON AN ANNUAL BASIS. A NUMBER OF PERC DIRECTORS SIT ON OTHER NATIONAL NONPROFIT BOARDS AND HAVE AN ACCURATE ASSESSMENT OF CEO PAY FOR NONPROFIT LEADERS WHO HAVE SENIOR SCHOLARSHIP STATUS. THE CEO'S ANNUAL PERFORMANCE IS REVIEWED BY THE BOARD AT THE WINTER BOARD MEETING AND ANY MERIT PAY APPROVED TIES DIRECTLY TO THE PERCENTAGE GIVEN TO THE PERC STAFF AT THEIR ANNUAL YEAR-END MERIT REVIEW.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19
UPON REQUEST, THESE DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION.
FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11G
HONORARIA: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 256,300. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 0. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 0. TOTAL EXPENSES 256,300. RESEARCH AND FELLOWSHIPS: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 186,653. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 0. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 0. TOTAL EXPENSES 186,653. FUNDRAISING AND DEVELOPMENT: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 0. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 0. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 12,342. TOTAL EXPENSES 12,342.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 2C
THE OVERSIGHT PROCESS FOR THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS HAS NOT CHANGED FROM THE PRIOR YEAR.
For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.