TY 2014 Form 990

(A) Name and Title	(B) Average hours per week (list any hours for related organizations below dotted line)	(C) Position (do not check more than one box, unless person is both an officer and a director/trustee)	(E) Reportable compensation from related organizations (W- 2/1099-MISC)	(F) Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
(1) GRACE FRISONE........................................................................ CHAIR	16.00 .......................	X	X			0	0
(2) MICHAEL H BARNETT ESQ........................................................................ VICE CHAIR	6.00 .......................	X	X			0	0
(3) NICHOLAS W RAYMOND........................................................................ TREASURER	20.00 .......................	X	X			0	0
(4) SCOTT RODGVILLE CPA........................................................................ SECRETARY	5.00 .......................	X	X			0	0
(5) JUNE KINOSHITA........................................................................ DIRECTOR	3.00 .......................	X				0	0
(6) JUDITH F LEE........................................................................ DIRECTOR	5.00 .......................	X				0	0
(7) DIANE I MARCELLO........................................................................ DIRECTOR	3.00 .......................	X				0	0
(8) HENRY J POWNALL PHD........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.00 .......................	X				0	0
(9) BRIAN K REGAN PHD........................................................................ DIRECTOR	4.00 .......................	X				0	0
(10) ELTJO ED R SCHOONVELD........................................................................ DIRECTOR	3.00 .......................	X				0	0
(11) STACY PAGOS HALLER........................................................................ PRESIDENT/CEO	55.00 .......................		X			368,045	74,388
(12) DONNA CALLISON........................................................................ VP, DEVELOPMENT	45.00 .......................			X		175,869	43,630
(13) DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA........................................................................ VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	45.00 .......................			X		153,152	59,356
(14) GUY EAKIN PH D........................................................................ VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	45.00 .......................			X		156,434	50,903
(15) MICHAEL BUCKLEY........................................................................ VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	45.00 .......................				X	135,620	32,465
(16) BRIDGET HART SHEA........................................................................ SR. DIR. MAJOR/PLANNED GIFTS	40.00 .......................				X	123,965	34,741
(17) BRIAN KLINZING........................................................................ SR. DIR. CORP. & FDTN GIVING	40.00 .......................				X	127,857	12,790

(A) Name and business address	(B) Description of services	(C) Compensation
ROBBINS KERSTEN DIRECT INC 201 SUMMER STREET HOLLISTON,MA01746	PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSUL. & MATERIALS	5,085,706
ECHODITTO ONE DAVIS SQUARE SUITE 302 SOMERVILLE,MA02144	WEBSITE DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT	325,000
DATA MANAGEMENT INC 160 STONE STREET STONEVILLE,NC27048	DATABASE MANAGEMENT	210,319
EU SERVICES INC 649 HORNERS LANE ROCKVILLE,MD20850	PRINTING	178,212
GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS INC 2977 STEWART LOOP UNIT B FORT MEADE,MD20755	BUILDING & OFFICE SERVICES	160,077
2 Total number of independent contractors (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization 7

Do not include amounts reported on lines 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b, and 10b of Part VIII.	(A) Total expenses	(B) Program service expenses	(C) Management and general expenses	(D) Fundraising expenses
1	Grants and other assistance to domestic organizations and domestic governments. See Part IV, line 21 ....	9,446,563	9,446,563
2	Grants and other assistance to domestic individuals. See Part IV, line 22 ....
3	Grants and other assistance to foreign organizations, foreign governments, and foreign individuals. See Part IV, lines 15 and 16 ............	1,589,593	1,589,593
4	Benefits paid to or for members ....
5	Compensation of current officers, directors, trustees, and key employees ....	1,101,677	625,702	275,819	200,156
6	Compensation not included above, to disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)) and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B) ....
7	Other salaries and wages ....	2,574,161	1,339,252	771,464	463,445
8	Pension plan accruals and contributions (include section 401(k) and 403(b) employer contributions) ....	259,410	134,963	77,744	46,703
9	Other employee benefits .......	499,574	259,180	150,151	90,243
10	Payroll taxes ...........	236,005	122,785	70,730	42,490
11	Fees for services (non-employees):
a	Management ......
b	Legal .........	160,640	91,600	69,040
c	Accounting ...........	77,216	30,905	24,969	21,342
d	Lobbying ...........
e	Professional fundraising services. See Part IV, line 17	393,423			393,423
f	Investment management fees ......	188,750		188,750
g	Other (If line 11g amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 11g expenses on Schedule O) ....	1,129,833	1,017,210	84,710	27,913
12	Advertising and promotion ....
13	Office expenses .......	1,624,581	1,302,555	199,539	122,487
14	Information technology ......	595,082	366,739	147,719	80,624
15	Royalties ..
16	Occupancy ...........	335,195	188,456	104,369	42,370
17	Travel ............	154,120	100,616	37,855	15,649
18	Payments of travel or entertainment expenses for any federal, state, or local public officials ......
19	Conferences, conventions, and meetings ....	171,003	157,139	9,809	4,055
20	Interest ...........
21	Payments to affiliates .......
22	Depreciation, depletion, and amortization .....	268,908	149,823	81,463	37,622
23	Insurance ..............	80,189	30,376	43,574	6,239
24	Other expenses. Itemize expenses not covered above (List miscellaneous expenses in line 24e. If line 24e amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 24e expenses on Schedule O.)
a	PUB. AWARENESS POSTAGE	4,424,927	2,433,011	274,576	1,717,340
b	PUB. AWARENESS PRINTING	2,009,424	739,900	171,087	1,098,437
c	PUB. AWARENESS COMP.	1,088,824	614,162	61,849	412,813
d	LIST RENTAL	842,296	469,224	44,162	328,910
e	All other expenses
25	Total functional expenses. Add lines 1 through 24e	29,251,394	21,209,754	2,889,379	5,152,261
26	Joint costs. Complete this line only if the organization reported in column (B) joint costs from a combined educational campaign and fundraising solicitation. Check here if following SOP 98-2 (ASC 958-720).	9,276,918	4,768,783	603,125	3,905,010

Part X Balance Sheet Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part X ..............
	1	Cash–non-interest-bearing .............	6,219,243	1	5,217,965
2	Savings and temporary cash investments .........	395,903	2	1,488,438
3	Pledges and grants receivable, net ...........	4,284,603	3	3,475,213
4	Accounts receivable, net .............		4
5	Loans and other receivables from current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees. Complete Part II of Schedule L ..................
			5
6	Loans and other receivables from other disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)), persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B), and contributing employers and sponsoring organizations of section 501(c)(9) voluntary employees' beneficiary organizations (see instructions) Complete Part II of Schedule L
			6
7	Notes and loans receivable, net .............		7
8	Inventories for sale or use ..............	16,291	8	20,406
9	Prepaid expenses and deferred charges ..........	46,374	9	168,207
10a	Land, buildings, and equipment: cost or other basis. Complete Part VI of Schedule D	10a	11,552,311
b	Less: accumulated depreciation .....	10b	2,789,407	8,385,084	10c	8,762,904
11	Investments—publicly traded securities ..........	24,677,383	11	28,848,414
12	Investments—other securities. See Part IV, line 11 .....	3,425,000	12	4,261,131
13	Investments—program-related. See Part IV, line 11 .....		13
14	Intangible assets ...............		14
15	Other assets. See Part IV, line 11 ...........	731,794	15	609,973
16	Total assets. Add lines 1 through 15 (must equal line 34)......	48,181,675	16	52,852,651
	17	Accounts payable and accrued expenses .........	689,531	17	513,453
18	Grants payable .................	14,604,652	18	17,587,396
19	Deferred revenue ................		19
20	Tax-exempt bond liabilities .............		20
21	Escrow or custodial account liability. Complete Part IV of Schedule D..		21
22	Loans and other payables to current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, highest compensated employees, and disqualified
	persons. Complete Part II of Schedule L..........		22
23	Secured mortgages and notes payable to unrelated third parties ..		23
24	Unsecured notes and loans payable to unrelated third parties ....		24
25	Other liabilities (including federal income tax, payables to related third parties, and other liabilities not included on lines 17-24). Complete Part X of Schedule D....................	1,534,970	25	1,586,777
26	Total liabilities. Add lines 17 through 25.........	16,829,153	26	19,687,626
		Organizations that follow SFAS 117 (ASC 958), check here and complete lines 27 through 29, and lines 33 and 34.
27	Unrestricted net assets ..............	18,308,429	27	20,298,753
28	Temporarily restricted net assets ...........	12,954,093	28	12,776,272
29	Permanently restricted net assets ...........	90,000	29	90,000
	Organizations that do not follow SFAS 117 (ASC 958), check here and complete lines 30 through 34.
30	Capital stock or trust principal, or current funds ........		30
31	Paid-in or capital surplus, or land, building or equipment fund .....		31
32	Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated income, or other funds		32
33	Total net assets or fund balances ...........	31,352,522	33	33,165,025
34	Total liabilities and net assets/fund balances ........	48,181,675	34	52,852,651

- TIN:

SCHEDULE A
(Form 990 or 990EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Public Charity Status and Public Support

Complete if the organization is a section 501(c)(3) organization or a section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust.
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Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
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Information about Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2014

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Reason for Public Charity Status (All organizations must complete this part.) See instructions.

The organization is not a private foundation because it is: (For lines 1 through 11, check only one box.)

A church, convention of churches, or association of churches described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(i).

A school described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii). (Attach Schedule E.)

A hospital or a cooperative hospital service organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iii).

A medical research organization operated in conjunction with a hospital described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iii). Enter the hospital's name, city, and state:

An organization operated for the benefit of a college or university owned or operated by a governmental unit described in

section 170(b)(1)(A)(iv). (Complete Part II.)

A federal, state, or local government or governmental unit described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(v).

An organization that normally receives a substantial part of its support from a governmental unit or from the general public described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi). (Complete Part II.)

A community trust described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi). (Complete Part II.)

An organization that normally receives: (1) more than 331/3% of its support from contributions, membership fees, and gross

receipts from activities related to its exempt functions—subject to certain exceptions, and (2) no more than 331/3% of

its support from gross investment income and unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 tax) from businesses

acquired by the organization after June 30, 1975. See section 509(a)(2). (Complete Part III.)

An organization organized and operated exclusively to test for public safety. See section 509(a)(4).

An organization organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of, to perform the functions of, or to carry out the purposes of one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or section 509(a)(2). See section 509(a)(3). Check the box in lines 11a through 11d that describes the type of supporting organization and complete lines 11e, 11f, and 11g.

Type I. A supporting organization operated, supervised, or controlled by its supported organization(s), typically by giving the supported organization(s) the power to regularly appoint or elect a majority of the directors or trustees of the supporting organization. You must complete Part IV, Sections A and B.

Type II. A supporting organization supervised or controlled in connection with its supported organization(s), by having control or management of the supporting organization vested in the same persons that control or manage the supported organization(s). You must complete Part IV, Sections A and C.

Type III functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection with, and functionally integrated with, its supported organization(s) (see instructions). You must complete Part IV, Sections A, D, and E.

Type III non-functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection with its supported organization(s) that is not functionally integrated. The organization generally must satisfy a distribution requirement and an attentiveness requirement (see instructions). You must complete Part IV, Sections A and D, and Part V.

Check this box if the organization received a written determination from the IRS that it is a Type I, Type II, Type III functionally integrated, or Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organization.

Enter the number of supported organizations .............................

Provide the following information about the supported organization(s).

(i)Name of supported organization	(ii) EIN	(iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document?		(v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions)	(vi) Amount of other support (see instructions)
(i)Name of supported organization	(ii) EIN	Yes	No	(v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions)	(vi) Amount of other support (see instructions)


Total

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990EZ.

Cat. No. 11285F

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 2

Part II

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Sections 170(b)(1)(A)(iv) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 5, 7, or 8 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part III. If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part III.)

Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2010	(b) 2011	(c) 2012	(d) 2013	(e) 2014	(f) Total
1	Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") ....	18,261,062	22,601,859	23,534,029	25,126,233	27,946,621	117,469,804
2	Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf.......
3	The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..
4	Total. Add lines 1 through 3	18,261,062	22,601,859	23,534,029	25,126,233	27,946,621	117,469,804
5	The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f)..
6	Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4.						117,469,804

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2010	(b) 2011	(c) 2012	(d) 2013	(e) 2014	(f) Total
7	Amounts from line 4..	18,261,062	22,601,859	23,534,029	25,126,233	27,946,621	117,469,804
8	Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources...	1,443,239	1,345,423	1,323,906	1,539,583	1,633,842	7,285,993
9	Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on..
10	Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.)..	14	16				30
11	Total support Add lines 7 through 10.						124,755,827

Gross receipts from related activities, etc. (see instructions) ..................

37,705

First five years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization, check this box and stop here........................................ right arrow

Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

Public support percentage for 2014 (line 6, column (f) divided by line 11, column (f)) .........

94.160 %

Public support percentage for 2013 Schedule A, Part II, line 14 ...............

93.910 %

16a

33 1/3% support test—2014. If the organization did not check the box on line 13, and line 14 is 33 1/3% or more, check this box
and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ....................... right arrow

33 1/3% support test—2013. If the organization did not check a box on line 13 or 16a, and line 15 is 33 1/3% or more, check this
box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ..................... right arrow

17a

10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2014. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, or 16b, and line 14
is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here. Explain
in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported
organization ..................................................... right arrow

10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2013. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, or 17a, and line
15 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here.
Explain in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly
supported organization ................................................ right arrow

Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, 17a, or 17b, check this box and see
instructions ..................................................... right arrow

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 3

Part III

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Section 509(a)(2)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 9 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part II. If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part II.)

Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2010	(b) 2011	(c) 2012	(d) 2013	(e) 2014	(f) Total
1	Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") .
2	Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose......
3	Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513..
4	Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf...
5	The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..
6	Total. Add lines 1 through 5.
7a	Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons...
b	Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year.
c	Add lines 7a and 7b..
8	Public support (Subtract line 7c from line 6.)

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2010	(b) 2011	(c) 2012	(d) 2013	(e) 2014	(f) Total
9	Amounts from line 6...
10a	Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources..
b	Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975.
c	Add lines 10a and 10b.
11	Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.
12	Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) ..
13	Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.)..

First five years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization,
check this box and stop here............................................. right arrow

Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

Public support percentage for 2014 (line 8, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f)) .........

Public support percentage from 2013 Schedule A, Part III, line 15 ...............

Section D. Computation of Investment Income Percentage

Investment income percentage for 2014 (line 10c, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f)) ......

Investment income percentage from 2013 Schedule A, Part III, line 17 .............

19a

33 1/3% support tests—2014. If the organization did not check the box on line 14, and line 15 is more than 33 1/3%, and line 17 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ....... right arrow

33 1/3% support tests—2013. If the organization did not check a box on line 14 or line 19a, and line 16 is more than 33 1/3% and line 18 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization .... right arrow

Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 14, 19a, or 19b, check this box and see instructions .... right arrow

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 4

Part IV

Supporting Organizations

(Complete only if you checked a box on line 11 of Part I. If you checked 11a of Part I, complete Sections A and B. If you checked 11b of Part I, complete Sections A and C. If you checked 11c of Part I, complete Sections A, D, and E. If you checked 11d of Part I, complete Sections A and D, and complete Part V.)

Section A. All Supporting Organizations

Yes

Are all of the organization’s supported organizations listed by name in the organization’s governing documents?
If "No," describe in Part VI how the supported organizations are designated. If designated by class or purpose,
describe the designation. If historic and continuing relationship, explain.

Did the organization have any supported organization that does not have an IRS determination of status under section 509(a)(1) or (2)? If "Yes," explain in Part VI how the organization determined that the supported organization was described in section 509(a)(1) or (2).

Did the organization have a supported organization described in section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6)? If "Yes," answer (b) and (c) below.

Did the organization confirm that each supported organization qualified under section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) and satisfied the public support tests under section 509(a)(2)? If "Yes," describe in Part VI when and how the organization made the determination.

Did the organization ensure that all support to such organizations was used exclusively for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes? If "Yes," explain in Part VI what controls the organization put in place to ensure such use.

Was any supported organization not organized in the United States ("foreign supported organization")? If “Yes” and if you checked 11a or 11b in Part I, answer (b) and (c) below.

Did the organization have ultimate control and discretion in deciding whether to make grants to the foreign supported organization? If “Yes,” describe in Part VI how the organization had such control and discretion despite being controlled or supervised by or in connection with its supported organizations....

Did the organization support any foreign supported organization that does not have an IRS determination under sections 501(c)(3) and 509(a)(1) or (2)? If “Yes,” explain in Part VI what controls the organization used to ensure that all support to the foreign supported organization was used exclusively for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes.

Did the organization add, substitute, or remove any supported organizations during the tax year? If “Yes,” answer (b) and (c) below (if applicable). Also, provide detail in Part VI, including (i) the names and EIN numbers of the supported organizations added, substituted, or removed, (ii) the reasons for each such action, (iii) the authority under the organization's organizing document authorizing such action, and (iv) how the action was accomplished (such as by amendment to the organizing document).

Type I or Type II only. Was any added or substituted supported organization part of a class already designated in the organization's organizing document?

Substitutions only. Was the substitution the result of an event beyond the organization's control?

Did the organization provide support (whether in the form of grants or the provision of services or facilities) to anyone other than (a) its supported organizations; (b) individuals that are part of the charitable class benefited by one or more of its supported organizations; or (c) other supporting organizations that also support or benefit one or more of the filing organization’s supported organizations? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did the organization provide a grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment to a substantial contributor (defined in IRC 4958(c)(3)(C)), a family member of a substantial contributor, or a 35-percent controlled entity with regard to a substantial contributor? If “Yes,” complete Part I of Schedule L (Form 990) .

Did the organization make a loan to a disqualified person (as defined in section 4958) not described in line 7? If “Yes,” complete Part II of Schedule L (Form 990).

Was the organization controlled directly or indirectly at any time during the tax year by one or more disqualified persons as defined in section 4946 (other than foundation managers and organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or (2))? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did one or more disqualified persons (as defined in line 9(a)) hold a controlling interest in any entity in which the supporting organization had an interest? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did a disqualified person (as defined in line 9(a)) have an ownership interest in, or derive any personal benefit from, assets in which the supporting organization also had an interest? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

10a

Was the organization subject to the excess business holdings rules of IRC 4943 because of IRC 4943(f) (regarding certain Type II supporting organizations, and all Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organizations)? If “Yes,” answer b below.

10a

Did the organization have any excess business holdings in the tax year? (Use Schedule C, Form 4720, to determine whether the organization had excess business holdings).

10b

Has the organization accepted a gift or contribution from any of the following persons?

A person who directly or indirectly controls, either alone or together with persons described in (b) and (c) below, the governing body of a supported organization?

11a

A family member of a person described in (a) above?

11b

A 35% controlled entity of a person described in (a) or (b) above? If “Yes” to a, b, or c, provide detail in Part VI.

11c

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 5

Part IV

Supporting Organizations (continued)

Section B. Type I Supporting Organizations

Yes

Did the directors, trustees, or membership of one or more supported organizations have the power to regularly appoint or elect at least a majority of the organization’s directors or trustees at all times during the tax year? If “No,” describe in Part VI how the supported organization(s) effectively operated, supervised, or controlled the organization’s activities. If the organization had more than one supported organization, describe how the powers to appoint and/or remove directors or trustees were allocated among the supported organizations and what conditions or restrictions, if any, applied to such powers during the tax year.

Did the organization operate for the benefit of any supported organization other than the supported organization(s) that operated, supervised, or controlled the supporting organization? If “Yes,” explain in Part VI how providing such benefit carried out the purposes of the supported organization(s) that operated, supervised or controlled the supporting organization.

Section C. Type II Supporting Organizations

Yes

Were a majority of the organization’s directors or trustees during the tax year also a majority of the directors or trustees of each of the organization’s supported organization(s)? If “No,” describe in Part VI how control or management of the supporting organization was vested in the same persons that controlled or managed the supported organization(s).

Section D. All Type III Supporting Organizations

Yes

Did the organization provide to each of its supported organizations, by the last day of the fifth month of the organization’s tax year, (1) a written notice describing the type and amount of support provided during the prior tax year, (2) a copy of the Form 990 that was most recently filed as of the date of notification, and (3) copies of the organization’s governing documents in effect on the date of notification, to the extent not previously provided?

Were any of the organization’s officers, directors, or trustees either (i) appointed or elected by the supported organization(s) or (ii) serving on the governing body of a supported organization? If "No," explain in Part VI how the organization maintained a close and continuous working relationship with the supported organization(s).

By reason of the relationship described in (2), did the organization’s supported organizations have a significant voice in the organization’s investment policies and in directing the use of the organization’s income or assets at all times during the tax year? If "Yes," describe in Part VI the role the organization’s supported organizations played in this regard.

Section E. Type III Functionally-Integrated Supporting Organizations

Check the box next to the method that the organization used to satisfy the Integral Part Test during the year (see instructions):

The organization satisfied the Activities Test. Complete line 2 below.

The organization is the parent of each of its supported organizations. Complete line 3 below.

The organization supported a governmental entity. Describe in Part VI how you supported a government entity (see instructions)

Activities Test. Answer (a) and (b) below.

Yes

Did substantially all of the organization’s activities during the tax year directly further the exempt purposes of the supported organization(s) to which the organization was responsive? If "Yes," then in Part VI identify those supported organizations and explain how these activities directly furthered their exempt purposes, how the organization was responsive to those supported organizations, and how the organization determined that these activities constituted substantially all of its activities.

Did the activities described in (a) constitute activities that, but for the organization’s involvement, one or more of the organization’s supported organization(s) would have been engaged in? If "Yes," explain in Part VI the reasons for the organization’s position that its supported organization(s) would have engaged in these activities but for the organization’s involvement.

Parent of Supported Organizations. Answer (a) and (b) below.

Did the organization have the power to regularly appoint or elect a majority of the officers, directors, or trustees of each of the supported organizations? Provide details in Part VI.

Did the organization exercise a substantial degree of direction over the policies, programs and activities of each of its supported organizations? If "Yes," describe in Part VI the role played by the organization in this regard.

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 6

Part V – Type III Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations

1. Check here if the organization satisfied the Integral Part Test as a qualifying trust on Nov. 20, 1970. See instructions. All other Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organizations must complete Sections A through E.

	Section A - Adjusted Net Income		(A) Prior Year	(B) Current Year (optional)
1	Net short-term capital gain	1
2	Recoveries of prior-year distributions	2
3	Other gross income (see instructions)	3
4	Add lines 1 through 3	4
5	Depreciation and depletion	5
6	Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions)	6
7	Other expenses (see instructions)	7
8	Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4)	8

	Section B - Minimum Asset Amount		(A) Prior Year	(B) Current Year (optional)
1	Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year):	1
a	Average monthly value of securities	1a
b	Average monthly cash balances	1b
c	Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets	1c
d	Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c)	1d
e	Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI):
2	Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets	2
3	Subtract line 2 from line 1d	3
4	Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 1-1/2% of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions).	4
5	Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3)	5
6	Multiply line 5 by .035	6
7	Recoveries of prior-year distributions	7
8	Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6)	8

	Section C - Distributable Amount		Current Year
1	Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A)	1
2	Enter 85% of line 1	2
3	Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A)	3
4	Enter greater of line 2 or line 3	4
5	Income tax imposed in prior year	5
6	Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions)	6
7	Check here if the current year is the organization's first as a non-functionally-integrated Type III supporting organization (see instructions)

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 7

Section D - Distributions		Current Year
1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes
2 Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity
3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations
4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets
5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required)
6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions
7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6.
8 Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions
9 Distributable amount for 2014 from Section C, line 6
10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount

Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions)		(i) Excess Distributions	(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2014	(iii) Distributable Amount for 2014
1 Distributable amount for 2014 from Section C, line 6
2 Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2014 (reasonable cause required--see instructions)
3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2014:
a From 2009.......X
b From 2010.......X
c From 2011.......X
d From 2012.......X
e From 2013.......
fTotal of lines 3a through e
g Applied to underdistributions of prior years
h Applied to 2014 distributable amount
i Carryover from 2009 not applied (see instructions)
j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from 3f.
4Distributions for 2014 from Section D, line 7:
$
a Applied to underdistributions of prior years
b Applied to 2014 distributable amount
c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from 4.
5 Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2014, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2 (if amount greater than zero, see instructions)
6 Remaining underdistributions for 2014. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1 (if amount greater than zero, see instructions)
7 Excess distributions carryover to 2015. Add lines 3j and 4c.
8 Breakdown of line 7:
a From 2010.......X
b From 2011.......X
c From 2012.......X
d From 2013.......
e From 2014.......

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) (2014)

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 8

Part VI

Supplemental Information. Provide the explanations required by Part II, line 10; Part II, line 17a or 17b; Part III, line 12; Part IV, Section A, lines 1, 2, 3b, 3c, 4b, 4c, 5a, 6, 9a, 9b, 9c, 11a, 11b, and 11c; Part IV, Section B, lines 1 and 2; Part IV, Section C, line 1; Part IV, Section D, lines 2 and 3; Part IV, Section E, lines 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b; Part V, line 1; Part V, Section B, line 1e; Part V Section D, lines 5, 6, and 8; and Part V, Section E, lines 2, 5, and 6. Also complete this part for any additional information. (See instructions).

Facts And Circumstances Test

Return Reference	Explanation
SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME:	OTHER REVENUE - 2010 AMOUNT: $ 14. 2011 AMOUNT: $ 16. 2012 AMOUNT: $ 0. 2013 AMOUNT: $ 0. 2014 AMOUNT: $ 0.

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule B
(Form 990, 990-EZ,
or 990-PF)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Schedule of Contributors

Attach to Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Information about Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2014

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Organization type (check one):

Filers of:

Section:

Form 990 or 990-EZ

501(c)( ) (enter number) organization

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust not treated as a private foundation

527 political organization

Form 990-PF

501(c)(3) exempt private foundation

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust treated as a private foundation

501(c)(3) taxable private foundation

Check if your organization is covered by the General Rule or a Special Rule.
Note. Only a section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) organization can check boxes for both the General Rule and a Special Rule. See instructions.

General Rule

For an organization filing Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF that received, during the year, contributions totaling $5,000 or more (in money or
property) from any one contributor. Complete Parts I and II. See instructions for determining a contributor's total contributions.

Special Rules

For an organization described in section 501(c)(3) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that met the 33¹/3% support test of the regulations
under sections 509(a)(1) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi), that checked Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ), Part II, line 13, 16a, or 16b, and that received from any one contributor, during the year, total contributions of the greater of (1) $5,000 or (2) 2% of the amount on (i) Form 990, Part VIII, line 1h, or (ii) Form 990-EZ, line 1. Complete Parts I and II.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, total contributions of more than $1,000 exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals. Complete Parts I, II, and III.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, contributions exclusively for religious, charitable, etc., purposes, but no such contributions totaled more than $1,000. If this box is checked, enter here the total contributions that were received during the year for an exclusively religious, charitable, etc., purpose. Do not complete any of the parts unless the General Rule applies to this organization because it received nonexclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions totaling $5,000 or more during the year ......... Arrow Bullet

Caution. An organization that is not covered by the General Rule and/or the Special Rules does not file Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF), but it must answer “No” on Part IV, line 2, of its Form 990; or check the box on line H of its
Form 990-EZ or on its Form 990PF, Part I, line 2, to certify that it does not meet the filing requirements of Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF).

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions
for Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Cat. No. 30613XSchedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2014)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2014)

Page 2

Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Part I	Contributors (see instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part I if additional space is needed.
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
RESTRICTED	,	$RESTRICTED	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2014)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2014)

Page 3

Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Part II	Noncash Property (see instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part II if additional space is needed.
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2014)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2014)

Page 4

Name of organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part III

Exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions to organizations described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10)
that total more than $1,000 for the year from any one contributor. Complete columns (a) through (e) and the following line entry. For organizations completing Part III, enter the total of exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions of $1,000 or less for the year. (Enter this information once. See instructions.) Arrow Bullet

$
Use duplicate copies of Part III if additional space is needed.

(a) No.
from
Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a) No.
from
Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a) No.
from
Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a) No.
from
Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2014)

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE C
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Political Campaign and Lobbying Activities

For Organizations Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501(c) and section 527
SchCMd Bullet

Complete if the organization is described below. SchCMd Bullet

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
SchCMd Bullet

Information about Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2014

Open to Public
Inspection

If the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, Line 3, or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 46 (Political Campaign Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and B. Do not complete Part I-C.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c) (other than section 501(c)(3)) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and C below. Do not complete Part I-B.
Round Bullet

Section 527 organizations: Complete Part I-A only.
If the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, Line 4, or Form 990-EZ, Part VI, line 47 (Lobbying Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-A. Do not complete Part II-B.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-B. Do not complete Part II-A.
If the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, Line 5 (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions) or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 35c (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) organizations: Complete Part III.

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c) or is a section 527 organization.

Provide a description of the organization’s direct and indirect political campaign activities in Part IV.

Political expenditures .................................... SchCMd Bullet

Volunteer hours ........................................

Part I-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by the organization under section 4955 ......... SchCMd Bullet

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by organization managers under section 4955 ...... SchCMd Bullet

If the organization incurred a section 4955 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? ..............

Yes No

Was a correction made? .........................................

Yes No

If "Yes," describe in Part IV.

Part I-C

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c), except section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount directly expended by the filing organization for section 527 exempt function activities SchCMd Bullet

Enter the amount of the filing organization's funds contributed to other organizations for section 527 exempt function activities ................................... SchCMd Bullet

Total exempt function expenditures. Add lines 1 and 2. Enter here and on Form 1120-POL, line 17b.. SchCMd Bullet

Did the filing organization file Form 1120-POL for this year? ..........................

Yes No

Enter the names, addresses and employer identification number (EIN) of all section 527 political organizations to which the filing
organization made payments. For each organization listed, enter the amount paid from the filing organization’s funds. Also enter the amount of political contributions received that were promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization, such as a separate segregated fund or a political action committee (PAC). If additional space is needed, provide information in Part IV.

(a) Name	(b) Address	(c) EIN	(d) Amount paid from filing organization's funds. If none, enter -0-.	(e) Amount of political contributions received and promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization. If none, enter -0-.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 50084S

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 2

Part II-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

A Check SchCMd Bullet

if the filing organization belongs to an affiliated group (and list in Part IV each affiliated group member's name, address, EIN, expenses, and share of excess lobbying expenditures).
B Check SchCMd Bullet

if the filing organization checked box A and "limited control" provisions apply.

Limits on Lobbying Expenditures (The term "expenditures" means amounts paid or incurred.)		(a) Filing organization's totals	(b) Affiliated group totals
1a	Total lobbying expenditures to influence public opinion (grass roots lobbying) ......	0
b	Total lobbying expenditures to influence a legislative body (direct lobbying) .......	0
c	Total lobbying expenditures (add lines 1a and 1b) ...................	0
d	Other exempt purpose expenditures ........................	28,857,971
e	Total exempt purpose expenditures (add lines 1c and 1d) ...............	28,857,971
f	Lobbying nontaxable amount. Enter the amount from the following table in both columns.	1,000,000
	If the amount on line 1e, column (a) or (b) is:The lobbying nontaxable amount is:
	Not over $500,00020% of the amount on line 1e.
	Over $500,000 but not over $1,000,000$100,000 plus 15% of the excess over $500,000.
	Over $1,000,000 but not over $1,500,000$175,000 plus 10% of the excess over $1,000,000.
	Over $1,500,000 but not over $17,000,000$225,000 plus 5% of the excess over $1,500,000.
	Over $17,000,000$1,000,000.

g	Grassroots nontaxable amount (enter 25% of line 1f) .................	250,000
h	Subtract line 1g from line 1a. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................	0
i	Subtract line 1f from line 1c. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................	0
j	If there is an amount other than zero on either line 1h or line 1i, did the organization file Form 4720 reporting section 4911 tax for this year? ......................................		Yes No

4-Year Averaging Period Under section 501(h) (Some organizations that made a section 501(h) election do not have to complete all of the five columns below. See the separate instructions for lines 2a through 2f.)
Lobbying Expenditures During 4-Year Averaging Period
	Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)	(a) 2011	(b) 2012	(c) 2013	(d) 2014	(e) Total

2a	Lobbying nontaxable amount	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000	4,000,000

b	Lobbying ceiling amount (150% of line 2a, column(e))					6,000,000

c	Total lobbying expenditures

d	Grassroots nontaxable amount	250,000	250,000	250,000	250,000	1,000,000

e	Grassroots ceiling amount (150% of line 2d, column (e))					1,500,000

f	Grassroots lobbying expenditures

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 3

Part II-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and has NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

For each "Yes" response to lines 1a through 1i below, provide in Part IV a detailed description of the lobbying activity.

(a)

Yes

(b)

Amount

During the year, did the filing organization attempt to influence foreign, national, state or local legislation, including any attempt to influence public opinion on a legislative matter or referendum, through the use of:

Volunteers? .........................................

Paid staff or management (include compensation in expenses reported on lines 1c through 1i)? ....

Media advertisements? ....................................

Mailings to members, legislators, or the public? .........................

Publications, or published or broadcast statements? .......................

Grants to other organizations for lobbying purposes? .......................

Direct contact with legislators, their staffs, government officials, or a legislative body? ........

Rallies, demonstrations, seminars, conventions, speeches, lectures, or any similar means? ......

Other activities? ..........................

Total. Add lines 1c through 1i ...............................

Did the activities in line 1 cause the organization to be not described in section 501(c)(3)? .....

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred under section 4912 .................

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred by organization managers under section 4912 .....

If the filing organization incurred a section 4912 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? .......

Part III-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6).

Yes

Were substantially all (90% or more) dues received nondeductible by members? ................

Did the organization make only in-house lobbying expenditures of $2,000 or less? ................

Did the organization agree to carry over lobbying and political expenditures from the prior year? ..........

Part III-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6) and if either (a) BOTH Part III-A, lines 1 and 2, are answered "No" OR (b) Part III-A, line 3, is answered “Yes."

Dues, assessments and similar amounts from members .....................

Section 162(e) nondeductible lobbying and political expenditures (do not include amounts of political
expenses for which the section 527(f) tax was paid).

Current year .........................................

Carryover from last year ....................................

Total ............................................

Aggregate amount reported in section 6033(e)(1)(A) notices of nondeductible section 162(e) dues .

If notices were sent and the amount on line 2c exceeds the amount on line 3, what portion of the excess does the organization agree to carryover to the reasonable estimate of nondeductible lobbying and political expenditure next year? ................................

Taxable amount of lobbying and political expenditures (see instructions) ..............

Part IV

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part l-A, line 1; Part l-B, line 4; Part l-C, line 5; Part II-A (affiliated group list); Part II-A, lines 1 and 2 (see instructions), and Part ll-B, line 1. Also, complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990EZ) 2014

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE D
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Financial Statements

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," to Form 990,
Part IV, line 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 12a, or 12b.
SchDMd Bullet

Attach to Form 990.
Information about Schedule D (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2014

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Organizations Maintaining Donor Advised Funds or Other Similar Funds or Accounts. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 6.

		(a) Donor advised funds	(b) Funds and other accounts
1	Total number at end of year .........
2	Aggregate value of contributions to (during year)
3	Aggregate value of grants from (during year)
4	Aggregate value at end of year ........

Did the organization inform all donors and donor advisors in writing that the assets held in donor advised
funds are the organization's property, subject to the organization's exclusive legal control? ............

Yes No

Did the organization inform all grantees, donors, and donor advisors in writing that grant funds can be
used only for charitable purposes and not for the benefit of the donor or donor advisor, or for any other purpose conferring impermissible private benefit? ...................................

Yes No

Part II

Conservation Easements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 7.

Purpose(s) of conservation easements held by the organization (check all that apply).

Preservation of land for public use (e.g., recreation or education) Preservation of an historically important land area

Protection of natural habitat Preservation of a certified historic structure

Preservation of open space

Complete lines 2a through 2d if the organization held a qualified conservation contribution in the form of a conservation easement on the last day of the tax year.


a	Total number of conservation easements .......................	2a
b	Total acreage restricted by conservation easements ..................	2b
c	Number of conservation easements on a certified historic structure included in (a) .....	2c
d	Number of conservation easements included in (c) acquired after 8/17/06, and not on a historic structure listed in the National Register ....................	2d

Number of conservation easements modified, transferred, released, extinguished, or terminated by the organization during
the tax year SchDMd Bullet

Number of states where property subject to conservation easement is located SchDMd Bullet

Does the organization have a written policy regarding the periodic monitoring, inspection, handling of violations, and
enforcement of the conservation easements it holds? .............................

Yes No

Staff and volunteer hours devoted to monitoring, inspecting, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
SchDMd Bullet

Amount of expenses incurred in monitoring, inspecting, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
SchDMd Bullet

Does each conservation easement reported on line 2(d) above satisfy the requirements of section 170(h)(4)(B)(i) and section 170(h)(4)(B)(ii)? .......................................

Yes No

In Part XIII, describe how the organization reports conservation easements in its revenue and expense statement, and
balance sheet, and include, if applicable, the text of the footnote to the organization’s financial statements that describes
the organization’s accounting for conservation easements.

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 8.

If the organization elected, as permitted under SFAS 116 (ASC 958), not to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide, in Part XIII, the text of the footnote to its financial statements that describes these items.

If the organization elected, as permitted under SFAS 116 (ASC 958), to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide the following amounts relating to these items:

(i)

Revenue included in Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 ........................ SchDMd Bullet

(ii)

Assets included in Form 990, Part X .............................. SchDMd Bullet

If the organization received or held works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets for financial gain, provide the
following amounts required to be reported under SFAS 116 (ASC 958) relating to these items:

Revenue included in Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 .......................... SchDMd Bullet

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... SchDMd Bullet

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 52283D

Schedule D (Form 990) 2014

Page 2

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets (continued)

Using the organization’s acquisition, accession, and other records, check any of the following that are a significant use of its collection items (check all that apply):

Public exhibition

Loan or exchange programs

Scholarly research

Other

Preservation for future generations

Provide a description of the organization’s collections and explain how they further the organization’s exempt purpose in
Part XIII.

During the year, did the organization solicit or receive donations of art, historical treasures or other similar
assets to be sold to raise funds rather than to be maintained as part of the organization’s collection?........

Yes No

Part IV

Escrow and Custodial Arrangements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990,
Part IV, line 9, or reported an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21.

Is the organization an agent, trustee, custodian or other intermediary for contributions or other assets not
included on Form 990, Part X? ....................................

Yes No

If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII and complete the following table:


c	Beginning balance .................................	1c
d	Additions during the year ..............................	1d
e	Distributions during the year .............................	1e
f	Ending balance ...................................	1f

Did the organization include an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21, for escrow or custodial account liability?

Yes No

If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII. Check here if the explanation has been provided in Part XIII .......

Part V

Endowment Funds. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 10.

		(a)Current year	(b)Prior year	b (c)Two years back	(d)Three years back	(e)Four years back
1a	Beginning of year balance ....	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000
b	Contributions ........	4,257	3,933	2,316	1,312	3,792
c	Net investment earnings, gains, and losses
d	Grants or scholarships .....
e	Other expenditures for facilities and programs ........	4,257	3,933	2,316	1,312	3,792
f	Administrative expenses ....
g	End of year balance ......	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000

Provide the estimated percentage of the current year end balance (line 1g, column (a)) held as:

Board designated or quasi-endowment SchDMd Bullet

0 %

Permanent endowment SchDMd Bullet

100.000 %

Temporarily restricted endowment SchDMd Bullet

0 %

The percentages in lines 2a, 2b, and 2c should equal 100%.

Are there endowment funds not in the possession of the organization that are held and administered for the
organization by:

Yes

(i) unrelated organizations ........................

3a(i)

Yes

(ii) related organizations ........................

3a(ii)

If "Yes" to 3a(ii), are the related organizations listed as required on Schedule R? .........

Describe in Part XIII the intended uses of the organization's endowment funds.

Part VI

Land, Buildings, and Equipment. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' to Form 990, Part IV, line 11a. See Form 990, Part X, line 10.

Description of property		(a) Cost or other basis (investment)	(b)Cost or other basis (other)	(c) Accumulated depreciation	(d) Book value
1a	Land .................	2,800,000	1,147,363		3,947,363
b	Buildings ................	1,629,400	4,788,271	2,247,043	4,170,628
c	Leasehold improvements ............
d	Equipment ................		999,401	371,216	628,185
e	Other .................		187,876	171,148	16,728
Total. Add lines 1a through 1e. (Column (d) must equal Form 990, Part X, column (B), line 10(c).).......					8,762,904

Schedule D (Form 990) 2014

Page 3

Part VII

InvestmentsOther Securities. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' to Form 990, Part IV, line 11b. See Form 990, Part X, line 12.

(a) Description of security or category (including name of security)	(b)Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value
(1)Financial derivatives
(2)Closely-held equity interests
(3)Other (A) ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS - HEDGE FUND	4,261,131	F








Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col. (B) line 12.)	4,261,131

Part VIII

InvestmentsProgram Related. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' to Form 990, Part IV, line 11c. See Form 990, Part X, line 13.

(a) Description of investment		(b) Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value









Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 13.)

Part IX

Other Assets. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' to Form 990, Part IV, line 11d. See Form 990, Part X, line 15.

(a) Description				(b) Book value









Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 15.)...........

Part X

Other Liabilities. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' to Form 990, Part IV, line 11e or 11f. See Form 990, Part X, line 25.

1.(a) Description of liability		(b) Book value
Federal income taxes
CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITIES		1,352,331
RENTAL DEPOSITS		80,000
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS		154,446






Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 25.)		1,586,777
2. Liability for uncertain tax positions. In Part XIII, provide the text of the footnote to the organization's financial statements that reports the organization's liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC 740). Check here if the text of the footnote has been provided in Part XIII

Schedule D (Form 990) 2014

Page 4

Part XI Reconciliation of Revenue per Audited Financial Statements With Revenue per Return Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' to Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total revenue, gains, and other support per audited financial statements .......			1	42,376,390
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12:
a	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments ....	2a	501,713
b	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2b	11,473,608
c	Recoveries of prior year grants ...........	2c	446,630
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	2d
e	Add lines 2a through 2d .....................			2e	12,421,951
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1.....................			3	29,954,439
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b .	4a	188,750
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ...........	4b	-41,779
c	Add lines 4a and 4b.......................			4c	146,971
5	Total revenue. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 12.) ......			5	30,101,410

Part XII Reconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Statements With Expenses per Return. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' to Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total expenses and losses per audited financial statements ...........			1	40,563,887
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part IX, line 25:
a	Donated services and use of facilities ..........	2a	11,473,608
b	Prior year adjustments ..............	2b
c	Other losses ................	2c
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	2d
e	Add lines 2a through 2d......................			2e	11,473,608
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1.....................			3	29,090,279
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part IX, line 25, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b ..	4a	188,750
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	4b	-27,635
c	Add lines 4a and 4b.......................			4c	161,115
5	Total expenses. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 18.) ......			5	29,251,394

Part XIII

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part II, lines 3, 5, and 9; Part III, lines 1a and 4; Part lV, lines 1b and 2b;
Part V, line 4; Part X, line 2; Part XI, lines 2d and 4b; and Part XII, lines 2d and 4b. Also complete this part to provide any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
PART V, LINE 4:	THE EARNINGS ON THIS ENDOWMENT ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAM AND ARE RECORDED AS TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED INVESTMENT INCOME, AND ARE RELEASED AS SPENT.
PART X, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS PERFORMED AN EVALUATION OF UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2015, AND DETERMINED THAT THERE WERE NO MATTERS THAT WOULD REQUIRE RECOGNITION IN THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OR THAT MAY HAVE ANY EFFECT ON ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS 14,144.

Schedule D (Form 990) 2014

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE F(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Statement of Activities Outside the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990,Part IV, line 14b, 15, or 16. Right pointing arrow large image

Attach to Form 990. Right pointing arrow large image

Information about Schedule F (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2014

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

General Information on Activities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 14b.

For grantmakers. Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of its grants

and other assistance, the grantees’ eligibility for the grants or assistance, and the selection criteria

used to award the grants or assistance? ...........................

Yes

For grantmakers. Describe in Part V the organization’s procedures for monitoring the use of its grants and other assistance outside the United States.

Activites per Region. (The following Part I, line 3 table can be duplicated if additional space is needed.)

(a) Region		(b) Number of offices in the region	(c) Number of employees, agents, and independent contractors in region	(d) Activities conducted in region (by type) (e.g., fundraising, program services, investments, grants to recipients located in the region)	(f) Total expenditures for and investments in region
	EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC - AUSTRALIA, BRUNEI, BURMA, CAMBODIA,	0	0	GRANTMAKING	199,705
	NORTH AMERICA	0	0	GRANTMAKING	459,888
	EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	0	0	GRANTMAKING	930,000














3a	Sub-total .....	0	0		1,589,593
b	Total from continuation sheets to Part I ...	0	0		0
c	Totals (add lines 3a and 3b)	0	0		1,589,593

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.Cat. No. 50082W Schedule F (Form 990) 2014

Schedule F (Form 990) 2014

Page 2

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations or Entities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 15, for any recipient who received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a)(c) Region	(b)(d) Purpose of grant	(e) Amount of cash grant	(f) Manner of cash disbursement
NORTH AMERICA	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DONALD REDELMEIER, MD, ENTITLED: (A2015284S)	159,888	WIRE
NORTH AMERICA	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEROME ROBERT, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015324F)	100,000	WIRE
NORTH AMERICA	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANCIS HANE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015344F)	100,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MATTHEW CAMPBELL, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015548S)	250,000	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY VEER BALA GUPTA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015641F)	100,000	WIRE
NORTH AMERICA	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JUDITH WEST-MAYS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015052)	100,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY CAROLINE KLAVER, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015084)	100,000	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY VICKI CHRYSOSTOMOU, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015125)	99,705	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY DARRYL OVERBY, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015145)	100,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY DIANA PAULY, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015186)	160,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY IVAN CONTE, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015317)	160,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY STEFANIE HAUCK, PHD ENTITLED:(M2015370)	160,000	WIRE

Enter total number of recipient organizations listed above that are recognized as charities by the foreign country, recognized as tax-exempt by the IRS, or for which the grantee or counsel has provided a section 501(c)(3) equivalency letter .... MediumBullet

Enter total number of other organizations or entities ....................... MediumBullet

Schedule F (Form 990) 2014

Schedule F (Form 990) 2014Page 3

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Individuals Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 16.

Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Type of grant or assistance		(b) Region	(c) Number of recipients	(d) Amount of cash grant	(e) Manner of cash disbursement	(f) Amount of non-cash assistance	(g) Description of non-cash assistance	(h) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)

Schedule F (Form 990) 2014

Page 4

Part IV

Foreign Forms

Schedule F (Form 990) 2014

Page 5

Part V

Supplemental Information
Provide the information required by Part I, line 2 (monitoring of funds); Part I, line 3, column (f) (accounting method; amounts of investments vs. expenditures per region); Part II, line 1 (accounting method); Part III (accounting method); and Part III, column (c) (estimated number of recipients), as applicable. Also complete this part to provide any additional information (see instructions).

ReturnReference	Explanation
PART I, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, IMAGING AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CITATION ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO A STATISTICAL SAMPLE OF WORKS SUPPORTED BY EITHER THE US FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR THAT OF OTHER FUNDING AGENCIES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED AT NEARLY TWICE THE FREQUENCY OF ANY OTHER COMPARISON GROUP. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES 2.2 ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT. THESE COME AT VALUES NEARLY 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE FINAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORT, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.

Schedule F (Form 990) 2014

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE G (Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information Regarding
Fundraising or Gaming Activities

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, lines 17, 18, or 19, or if the organization entered more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a. right arrow

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
right arrow

Information about Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2014

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Fundraising Activities. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 17. Form 990-EZ

filers are not required to complete this part.

Indicate whether the organization raised funds through any of the following activities. Check all that apply.

a	Mail solicitations	e	Solicitation of non-government grants
b	Internet and email solicitations	f	Solicitation of government grants
c	Phone solicitations	g	Special fundraising events
d	In-person solicitations

Did the organization have a written or oral agreement with any individual (including officers, directors, trustees

or key employees listed in Form 990, Part VII) or entity in connection with professional fundraising services?

Yes

If "Yes," list the ten highest paid individuals or entities (fundraisers) pursuant to agreements under which the fundraiser is
to be compensated at least $5,000 by the organization.

(i) Name and address of individual or entity (fundraiser)		(ii) Activity	(iii) Did fundraiser have custody or control of contributions?		(iv) Gross receipts from activity	(v) Amount paid to (or retained by) fundraiser listed in col. (i)	(vi) Amount paid to (or retained by) organization
			Yes	No
	ROBBINS KERSTEN DIRECT INC 201 SUMMER STREET HOLLISTON, MA07146	FUNDRAISING AND PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSULTANT		No	18,298,381	393,423	17,904,958









Total .................					18,298,381	393,423	17,904,958

List all states in which the organization is registered or licensed to solicit contributions or has been notified it is exempt from registration or licensing.

AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, GA, HI, IL, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, UT, VA, WA, WV, WI

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 50083H

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 2

Part II

Fundraising Events. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 18, or reported more than $15,000 of fundraising event contributions and gross income on Form 990-EZ, lines 1 and 6b. List events with gross receipts greater than $5,000.

			(a) Event #1 (event type)	(b) Event #2 (event type)	(c) Other events (total number)	(d) Total events (add col. (a) through col. (c))
	1	Gross receipts . . .
	2	Less: Contributions . .
	3	Gross income (line 1 minus line 2) . . .
	4	Cash prizes . . .
	5	Noncash prizes . .
	6	Rent/facility costs . .
	7	Food and beverages .
	8	Entertainment . . .
	9	Other direct expenses .
	10	Direct expense summary. Add lines 4 through 9 in column (d) ...........
	11	Net income summary. Subtract line 10 from line 3, column (d)...........

Part III

Gaming. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 19, or reported more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a.

(a) Bingo

(b) Pull tabs/Instant
bingo/progressive bingo

(c) Other gaming

(d) Total gaming (add col.(a) through col.(c))

Gross revenue . . . .

Cash prizes . . . .

Non-cash prizes . . .

Rent/facility costs . . .

Other direct expenses . .

Volunteer labor . . .

	Yes %
	No

	Yes %
	No

	Yes %
	No

Direct expense summary. Add lines 2 through 5 in column (d) ........... right arrow

Net gaming income summary. Subtract line 7 from line 1, column (d) ......... right arrow

Enter the state(s) in which the organization conducts gaming activities:

Is the organization licensed to conduct gaming activities in each of these states? ............

YesNo

If "No," explain:

10a

Were any of the organization's gaming licenses revoked, suspended or terminated during the tax year? .....

YesNo

If "Yes," explain:

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Page 3

Does the organization conduct gaming activities with nonmembers? .................

YesNo

Is the organization a grantor, beneficiary or trustee of a trust or a member of a partnership or other entity

formed to administer charitable gaming? ..........................

YesNo

Indicate the percentage of gaming activities conducted in:

The organization's facility ......................

13a

An outside facility ........................

13b

Enter the name and address of the person who prepares the organization's gaming/special events books and records:

Name

Address

15a

Does the organization have a contract with a third party from whom the organization receives gaming

revenue? ......................................

YesNo

If "Yes," enter the amount of gaming revenue received by the organization right arrow

$ and the

amount of gaming revenue retained by the third party right arrow

If "Yes," enter name and address of the third party:

Name

Address

Gaming manager information:

Name

Gaming manager compensation right arrow

Description of services provided right arrow

Director/officer Employee Independent contractor

Mandatory distributions:

Is the organization required under state law to make charitable distributions from the gaming proceeds to

retain the state gaming license? ............................

YesNo

Enter the amount of distributions required under state law distributed to other exempt organizations or spent

in the organization's own exempt activities during the tax year right arrow

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the explanations required by Part I, line 2b, columns (iii) and (v), and Part III, lines 9, 9b, 10b, 15b, 15c, 16, and 17b, as applicable. Also provide any additional information (see instructions).

Return Reference	Explanation
SCHEDULE G, PART I, LINE 2B, COLUMN (V)	IN THE CONTRACT WITH ROBBINS KERSTEN DIRECT, INC., THE MANAGEMENT FEES ARE FIXED AMOUNTS PER MONTH FOR IN-SCOPE SERVICES THAT TOTALS $957,361 PER YEAR OF WHICH $563,938 HAS BEEN ALLOCATED UNDER PART XI, LINE 11(G) TO PROGRAM AND MANAGEMENT AND ARE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE THE PROFESSIONAL FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE.

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule I
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations,
Governments and Individuals in the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," to Form 990, Part IV, line 21 or 22.
lBullet

Attach to Form 990.
lBullet

Information about Schedule I (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2014

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number
23-7337229

Part I

General Information on Grants and Assistance

Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of the grants or assistance, the grantees' eligibility for the grants or assistance, and
the selection criteria used to award the grants or assistance? ....................................

Yes No

Describe in Part IV the organization's procedures for monitoring the use of grant funds in the United States.

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Organizations and Domestic Governments. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to
Form 990, Part IV, line 21, for any recipient that received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Name and address of organization or government	(b) EIN	(c) IRC section if applicable	(d) Amount of cash grant	(h) Purpose of grant or assistance
(1) BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE ONE BAYLOR PLAZA HOUSTON,TX77030	74-1613878	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY STACY GRUNKE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015016F)
(2) THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK 650 WEST 168TH STREET NEW YORK,NY10032	13-5598093	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ULRICH HENGST, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015093S)
(3) MAX PLANCK FLORIDA INSTITUTE FOR NEUROSCIENCE 1 MAX PLANCK WAY JUPITER,FL33458	27-2007902	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY RYOHEI YASUDA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015251S)
(4) BOSTON UNIVERSITY 72 EAST CONCORD STREET BOSTON,MA02118	04-2103547	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN WOLOZIN, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015256S)
(5) NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 550 1ST AVENUE NEW YORK,NY10016	13-3971298	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JORGE GHISO, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015275S)
(6) NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 750 N LAKE SHORE DRIVE CHICAGO,IL60611	36-2167817	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MING-HSUAN OU-YANG, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015289F)
(7) LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION 9500 EUCLID AVENUE CLEVELAND,OH44195	34-0714585	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRUCE LAMB, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015296S)
(8) THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO 675 NELSON RISING LANE SAN FRANCISCO,CA94143	94-6036493	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JASON GESTWICKI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015297S)
(9) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 1501 SAN PABLO STREET LOS ANGELES,CA90089	95-1642394	501(C)(3)	99,646	AD RESEARCH BY MARIE-VICTOIRE GUILLOT-SESTIER, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015309F)
(10) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 720 RUTLAND AVENUE BALTIMORE,MD21205	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUAN TRONCOSO, MD ENTITLED: (A2015332S)
(11) EMORY UNIVERSITY 615 MICHAEL STREET ATLANTA,GA30322	58-0566256	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZHENTAO ZHANG, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015359F)
(12) WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 425 S EUCLID AVENUE ST LOUIS,MO63110	43-0653611	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CELESTE KARCH, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015411S)
(13) JOAN AND SANFORD I WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY 407 E 61 STREET NEW YORK,NY10021	15-0532082	501(C)(3)	150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAKOTO ISHII, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015485S)
(14) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA 4001 E FLETCHER AVENUE TAMPA,FL33620	59-3102112	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DANIEL LEE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015504S)
(15) THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK 630 WEST 168TH STREET NEW YORK,NY10032	13-5598093	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANCESCA BARTOLINI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015508S)
(16) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE 5171 CALIFORNIA AVENUE IRVINE,CA92697	95-2226406	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANK LAFERLA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015535S)
(17) VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER 1400 18 AVENUE SOUTH NASHVILLE,TN37235	62-0476822	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHARLES SANDERS, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015565S)
(18) WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 425 S EUCLID AVENUE ST LOUIS,MO63110	43-0653611	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALBERT DAVIS, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015577F)
(19) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO 9500 GILMAN DRIVE LA JOLLA,CA92093	95-6006144	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KAREN CHIANG, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015595F)
(20) BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL 75 FRANCIS STREET BOSTON,MA02115	42-2312909	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TRACY YOUNG-PEARSE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015607S)
(21) THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK 630 WEST 168TH STREET NEW YORK,NY10032	13-5598093	501(C)(3)	249,332	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOSEPH H LEE, DR. P.H. ENTITLED: (A2015633S)
(22) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA 4202 E FOWLER AVENUE TAMPA,FL33620	59-3102112	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY UMESH JINWAL, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015666S)
(23) UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1275 CENTER DRIVE GAINESVILLE,FL32611	59-6002052	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JADA LEWIS, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015688S)
(24) UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM 1720 2ND AVENUE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM,AL35294	63-6005396	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ERIK ROBERSON, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015693S)
(25) DANA-FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE 450 BROOKLINE AVENUE BOSTON,MD02215	04-2263040	501(C)(3)	50,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KIMBERLY, GLASS, PHD ENTITLED: (C2014001)
(26) ANTHROTRONIX INC 8737 COLESVILLE ROAD SILVER SPRING,MD20910	52-2183443	501(C)(3)	125,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CORINNA LATHAN, PHD ENTITLED: (C2015001)
(27) ALZHEIMER'S DRUG DISCOVERY FOUNDATION 57 WEST 57TH STREET SUITE 904 NEW YORK,NY10019	20-1082179	501(C)(3)	30,000	ALZHEIMER'S DRUG DISCOVERY FOUNDATION ACCESS PLATFORM.
(28) GLOBAL ALZHEIMER'S PLATFORM INC 2 WISCONSIN CIRCLE SUITE 700 CHEVY CHASE,MD20815	47-3290570	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (C2015300)
(29) THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION 9500 EUCLID AVENUE CLEVELAND,OH44195	34-0714585	501(C)(3)	100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN W CRABB, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015039)
(30) UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON 301 UNIVERSITY BOULEVARD GALVESTON,TX77555	74-6000949	501(C)(3)	100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YONJU HA, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015044)
(31) REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS 1441 RESEARCH PARK DRIVE DAVIS,CA95616	94-6036494	501(C)(3)	100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY VIJAY KRISHNA RAGHUNATHAN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015078)
(32) DUKE UNIVERSITY 2200 WEST MAIN STREET DURHAM,NC27705	20-1803239	501(C)(3)	100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GUORONG LI, MD ENTITLED: (G2015100)
(33) UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM 1670 UNIVERSITY BOULEVARD BIRMINGHAM,AL35294	63-6005396	501(C)(3)	100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RAFAEL GRYTZ, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015115)
(34) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 3400 N CHARLES STREET BALTIMORE,MD21218	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	99,911	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY THAO NGUYEN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015132)
(35) UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER 3500 CAMP BOWIE BOULEVARD FORT WORTH,TX76107	75-6064033	501(C)(3)	100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ADNAN DIBAS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015163)
(36) ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 1 GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE NEW YORK,NY10029	13-1624096	501(C)(3)	50,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY AUDREY BERNSTEIN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015195)
(37) THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 1000 WALL STREET ANN ARBOR,MI48109	38-6006309	501(C)(3)	100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JULIA RICHARDS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015202)
(38) STANFORD UNIVERSITY 3145 PORTER DRIVE PALO ALTO,CA94304	94-1156365	501(C)(3)	1,200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY GOLDBERG, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (C2015201)
(39) GEORGIA TECH FOUNDATION 313 FERST DRIVE SUITE 2121 ATLANTA,GA30332	58-6043294	501(C)(3)	15,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROSS ETHIER, PHD
(40) DUKE UNIVERSITY 2200 W MAIN STREET DURHAM,NC27705	20-1803239	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY GOLDIS MALEK, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015421)
(41) UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1600 SW ARCHER ROAD GAINESVILLE,FL32611	59-6002052	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY QIUHONG LI, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015178)
(42) UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER 3500 CAMP BOWIE BOULEVARD FORT WORTH,TX76107	75-6064033	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY HONGLI WU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015180)
(43) THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE 20 STANIFORD STREET BOSTON,MA02114	25-6638196	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YIN SHAN NG, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015214)
(44) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 400 NORTH BROADWAY BALTIMORE,MD21205	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY NORIKO ESUMI, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015220)
(45) DUKE UNIVERSITY 2351 ERWIN ROAD DURHAM,NC21205	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MIKAEL KLINGEBORN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015221)
(46) UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER 601 ELMWOOD AVENUE ROCHESTER,MN14642	16-0743209	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RUCHIRA SINGH, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015267)
(47) INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 1160 WEST MICHIGAN STREET INDIANAPOLIS,IN46202	35-6001673	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY TIMOTHY CORSON, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015301)
(48) UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1600 SW ARCHER ROAD GAINESVILLE,FL32611	59-6002052	501(C)(3)	120,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ALFRED LEWIN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015348)
(49) BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SYSTEM 1300 UNIVERSITY AVENUE MADISON,WI53715	39-6006492	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY APARNA LAKKARAJU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015350)
(50) MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA 167 ASHLEY AVENUE CHARLESTON,SC29425	57-6000722	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ERNESTO MOREIRA, MD ENTITLED: (M2015356)
(51) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS ONE SHIELDS AVENUE DAVIS,CA95616	94-6081352	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARIE BURNS, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015379)
(52) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES 100 STEIN PLAZA LOS ANGELES,CA90095	95-4044252	501(C)(3)	160,000	MAMACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY STEVEN NUSINOWITZ, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015295)
(53) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 400 N BROADWAY STREET BALTIMORE,MD21231	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	10,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY NORIKO ESUMI, M.D., PH.D. ENTITLED: (M2012044)
(54) DEAN MCGEE EYE INSTITUTE 608 STANTON YOUNG BOULEVARD OKLAHOMA CITY,OK73104	73-6109395	501(C)(3)	25,000	RETINAL DEGENERATION MEETING GRANT.
(55) HELEN KELLER FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATION 1201 11TH AVENUE SOUTH SUITE 300 BIRMINGHAM,AL35205	63-0983733	501(C)(3)	97,674	HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP.

Enter total number of section 501(c)(3) and government organizations listed in the line 1 table ................ Bullet Image

Enter total number of other organizations listed in the line 1 table ........................ . Bullet Image

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50055P

Schedule I (Form 990) 2014

Page 2

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Individuals. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 22.
Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a)Type of grant or assistance	(b)Number of recipients	(c)Amount of cash grant	(d)Amount of non-cash assistance	(e)Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)	(f)Description of non-cash assistance

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the information required in Part I, line 2, Part III, column (b), and any other additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART I, LINE 2:

BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, IMAGING AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CITATION ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO A STATISTICAL SAMPLE OF WORKS SUPPORTED BY EITHER THE US FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR THAT OF OTHER FUNDING AGENCIES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED AT NEARLY TWICE THE FREQUENCY OF ANY OTHER COMPARISON GROUP. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES 2.2 ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT. THESE COME AT VALUES NEARLY 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE FINAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORT, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.

Schedule I (Form 990) 2014

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule J
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Compensation Information

For certain Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest
Compensated Employees
SchJMediumBullet

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 23.
SchJMediumBullet

Attach to Form 990.
SchJMediumBullet

Information about Schedule J (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2014

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Questions Regarding Compensation

Yes

Check the appropiate box(es) if the organization provided any of the following to or for a person listed in Form
990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a. Complete Part III to provide any relevant information regarding these items.

First-class or charter travel Housing allowance or residence for personal use

Travel for companions Payments for business use of personal residence

Tax idemnification and gross-up payments Health or social club dues or initiation fees

Discretionary spending account Personal services (e.g., maid, chauffeur, chef)

If any of the boxes in line 1a are checked, did the organization follow a written policy regarding payment or reimbursement or provision of all of the expenses described above? If "No," complete Part III to explain....

Did the organization require substantiation prior to reimbursing or allowing expenses incurred by all
directors, trustees, officers, including the CEO/Executive Director, regarding the items checked in line 1a? ..

Indicate which, if any, of the following the filing organization used to establish the compensation of the
organization's CEO/Executive Director. Check all that apply. Do not check any boxes for methods
used by a related organization to establish compensation of the CEO/Executive Director, but explain in Part III.

Compensation committee Written employment contract

Independent compensation consultant Compensation survey or study

Form 990 of other organizations Approval by the board or compensation committee

During the year, did any person listed in Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a with respect to the filing organization or a related organization:

Receive a severance payment or change-of-control payment? ................

Participate in, or receive payment from, a supplemental nonqualified retirement plan? .........

Participate in, or receive payment from, an equity-based compensation arrangement? .........

If "Yes" to any of lines 4a-c, list the persons and provide the applicable amounts for each item in Part III.

Only 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), and 501(c)(29) organizations must complete lines 5-9.

For persons listed in Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the revenues of:

The organization? ...........................

Any related organization? .........................

If "Yes," to line 5a or 5b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed in Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the net earnings of:

The organization? ...........................

Any related organization? .........................

If "Yes," to line 6a or 6b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed in Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization provide any non-fixed
payments not described in lines 5 and 6? If "Yes," describe in Part III ............

Yes

Were any amounts reported in Form 990, Part VII, paid or accured pursuant to a contract that was
subject to the initial contract exception described in Regulations section 53.4958-4(a)(3)? If "Yes," describe
in Part III .............................

If "Yes" to line 8, did the organization also follow the rebuttable presumption procedure described in Regulations section 53.4958-6(c)? .........................

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50053T

Schedule J (Form 990) 2014

Page 2

Part II

Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees. Use duplicate copies if additional space is needed.

For each individual whose compensation must be reported in Schedule J, report compensation from the organization on row (i) and from related organizations, described in the
instructions, on row (ii). Do not list any individuals that are not listed on Form 990, Part VII.
Note. The sum of columns (B)(i)-(iii) for each listed individual must equal the total amount of Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, applicable column (D) and (E) amounts for that individual.

(A) Name and Title		(B) Breakdown of W-2 and/or 1099-MISC compensation			(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)	(F) Compensation in column(B) reported as deferred in prior Form 990
(A) Name and Title		(i) Base compensation	(ii) Bonus & incentive compensation	(iii) Other reportable compensation	(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)
1STACY PAGOS HALLERPRESIDENT/CEO	(i) (ii)	321,110 ............................... 0	45,000 ............................... 0	1,935 ............................... 0	39,000 ............................... 0	35,388 ............................... 0	442,433 ............................... 0	0 ............................... 0
2DONNA CALLISONVP, DEVELOPMENT	(i) (ii)	174,285 ............................... 0	0 ............................... 0	1,584 ............................... 0	26,875 ............................... 0	16,755 ............................... 0	219,499 ............................... 0	0 ............................... 0
3DAVID F MARKS CPA CMAVP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	(i) (ii)	147,120 ............................... 0	5,000 ............................... 0	1,032 ............................... 0	24,376 ............................... 0	34,980 ............................... 0	212,508 ............................... 0	0 ............................... 0
4GUY EAKIN PH DVP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	(i) (ii)	147,718 ............................... 0	8,500 ............................... 0	216 ............................... 0	24,313 ............................... 0	26,590 ............................... 0	207,337 ............................... 0	0 ............................... 0
5MICHAEL BUCKLEYVP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	(i) (ii)	135,260 ............................... 0	0 ............................... 0	360 ............................... 0	2,380 ............................... 0	30,085 ............................... 0	168,085 ............................... 0	0 ............................... 0
6BRIDGET HART SHEASR. DIR. MAJOR/PLANNED GIFTS	(i) (ii)	122,933 ............................... 0	0 ............................... 0	1,032 ............................... 0	9,722 ............................... 0	25,019 ............................... 0	158,706 ............................... 0	0 ............................... 0

Schedule J (Form 990) 2014

Page 3

Part III

Supplemental Information

Provide the information, explanation, or descriptions required for Part I, lines 1a, 1b, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7, and 8, and for Part II.
Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART I, LINE 7

AS THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S BONUS WAS NOT A FIXED PAYMENT SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, THIS ITEM HAS BEEN ANSWERED 'YES' IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS. HOWEVER, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT HER BONUS WAS A NON-FIXED PAYMENT BASED ON BRIGHTFOCUS' INTERNAL PROCEDURES. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSIDERS THE AWARD OF A DISCRETIONARY BONUS EACH YEAR. THE DETERMINATION OF THE BONUS COMPENSATION IS CAPPED AS SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, AND IF NOT WARRANTED WILL NOT BE AWARDED AT ALL. THE DETERMINATION IS MADE BY THE FULL BOARD UPON RECOMMENDATION OF ITS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REVIEW OF CEO COMPENSATION. THE COMMITTEE CONSIDERS A SET OF GOALS FOR THE CEO'S PERFORMANCE DEVELOPED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR IN CONSULTATION WITH THE PRESIDENT/CEO. EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED AT THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE BONUS IS AWARDED BASED ON A DETAILED REVIEW BY THE BOARD OF WHETHER EACH GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE CEO IS CHARGED WITH THE SETTING OF BONUSES FOR ALL OTHER EMPLOYEES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BUDGET APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE CEO CONSIDERS A SET OF PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS FOR KEY EMPLOYEES THAT ARE DEVELOPED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR BY THE CEO IN CONSULTATION WITH THE KEY EMPLOYEES. EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED AT THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE BONUS IS BASED ON A DETAILED REVIEW BY THE CEO OF WHETHER EACH GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED.

Schedule J (Form 990) 2014

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE M
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury

Internal Revenue Service

Noncash Contributions

Complete if the organizations answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 29 or 30.
Right pointing arrow large image

Attach to Form 990.
Right pointing arrow large image

Information about Schedule M (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2014

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Types of Property

	(a) Check if applicable	(b) Number of contributions or items contributed	(c) Noncash contribution amounts reported on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1g	(d) Method of determining noncash contribution amounts
1 Art—Works of art ....
2 Art—Historical treasures .
3 Art—Fractional interests ..
4 Books and publications ..
5 Clothing and household goods .......
6 Cars and other vehicles ..
7 Boats and planes ....
8 Intellectual property ...
9 Securities—Publicly traded .	X	16	250,671	FMV
10 Securities—Closely held stock .
11 Securities—Partnership, LLC, or trust interests ....
12 Securities—Miscellaneous ..
13 Qualified conservation contribution—Historic structures .....
14 Qualified conservation contribution—Other ...
15 Real estate—Residential .
16 Real estate—Commercial ..
17 Real estate—Other ...
18 Collectibles .....
19 Food inventory ...
20 Drugs and medical supplies .
21 Taxidermy ......
22 Historical artifacts ....
23 Scientific specimens ..
24 Archeological artifacts ...
25 Other ( )
26 Other ( )
27 Other ( )
28 Other ( )

Number of Forms 8283 received by the organization during the tax year for contributions
for which the organization completed Form 8283, Part IV, Donee Acknowledgement ...

Yes

30a

During the year, did the organization receive by contribution any property reported in Part I, lines 1 through 28, that

it must hold for at least three years from the date of the initial contribution, and which is not required to be used

for exempt purposes for the entire holding period? ..................

30a

If "Yes," describe the arrangement in Part II.

Does the organization have a gift acceptance policy that requires the review of any non-standard contributions?

Yes

32a

Does the organization hire or use third parties or related organizations to solicit, process, or sell noncash

contributions? ..........................

32a

If "Yes," describe in Part II.

If the organization did not report an amount in column (c) for a type of property for which column (a) is checked,

describe in Part II.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 51227J

Schedule M (Form 990) (2014)

Page 2

Part II

Supplemental Information. Provide the information required by Part I, lines 30b,
32b, and 33, and whether the organization is reporting in Part I, column (b), the number of contributions, the number of items received, or a combination of both. Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule M (Form 990) (2014)

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE O
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ

Complete to provide information for responses to specific questions on
Form 990 or 990-EZ or to provide any additional information.
MediumBullet

Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
MediumBullet

Information about Schedule O (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at
www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2014

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Return Reference	Explanation
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1, DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION MISSION:	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION SEEKS TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT BY FUNDING INNOVATIVE RESEARCH WORLDWIDE AND BY PROMOTING BETTER HEALTH THROUGH EDUCATION. WE FOCUS OUR EFFORTS ON THREE INCURABLE DISEASES AFFECTING MIND AND SIGHT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. COLLECTIVELY, 1 IN 16 PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 40 IN THE U.S. ALONE HAS ONE OF THESE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS HAS A PROVEN TRACK RECORD OF SUPPORTING THE MOST INNOVATIVE, EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH SEEKING BETTER UNDERSTANDING, TREATMENTS, OR, ULTIMATELY, A CURE FOR THESE DISEASES. SINCE 1973, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $150 MILLION IN RESEARCH GRANTS TO THOUSANDS OF SCIENTISTS AROUND THE WORLD. OUR RESEARCH FUNDING HAS LED TO MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THESE DISEASES AND TO THE AWARDING OF TWO NOBEL PRIZES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED FINDINGS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED BY OTHER SCIENTISTS AT TWICE THE FREQUENCY AS OTHER RESEARCH FINDINGS. OUR FUNDING ACTS AS A CATALYST IN EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH. THE BRIGHTFOCUS RESEARCH PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE INITIAL FUNDING FOR HIGHLY INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTAL IDEAS. DUE TO THE STRUCTURED GRANT REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS, THE RESEARCH IMPACT OF BRIGHTFOCUS IS VERY HIGH. MOST RECIPIENTS OF BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDING GO ON TO RECEIVE FUTURE GRANTS FROM OTHER SOURCES THAT ARE 10 TIMES LARGER THAN THE ORIGINAL BRIGHTFOCUS AWARD. THIS ONE THOUSAND PERCENT RETURN ON BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT SPEAKS TO OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY PROMISING RESEARCH IN ITS EARLIEST STAGES AND SPAWN FUTURE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. IT IS OUR FIRM BELIEF THAT HAVING THE COURAGE TO INVEST IN INNOVATIVE IDEAS WILL LEAD TO REVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES AND LIFE-SAVING BREAKTHROUGHS. INDISPUTABLY, THE WORLD-CLASS RESEARCH IDENTIFIED AND SUPPORTED BY BRIGHTFOCUS IS MORE THAN PROMISING: IT IS MAKING A REAL CONTRIBUTION TO REVOLUTIONARY SCIENCE IN THE FIGHT TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT. ALONG WITH FUNDING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH TO FIND CURES TO SOME OF SOCIETY'S COSTLIEST DISEASES, BRIGHTFOCUS ALSO PROVIDES FREE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS AND SUPPORT TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS AND FAMILIES AFFECTED BY THESE DISEASES NATIONWIDE. WE BASE THESE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS OFF OF THE LATEST RESEARCH FINDINGS. BRIGHTFOCUS INCREASES PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA, AND COMMUNICATES WITH THOUGHT LEADERS AND ELECTED OFFICIALS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THESE AREAS. BRIGHTFOCUS' AWARD-WINNING PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS (PSA) HAVE APPEARED ON TELEVISION, RADIO, AND IN PRINT THROUGHOUT THE NATION. BOTH MAKE A PLAN TODAY: GET YOUR EYES CHECKED AND NOW IS THE MOMENT TO STOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE POWERFULLY SEEK TO RAISE AWARENESS AND EARLY DETECTION, AND SIMILAR MESSAGES HAVE BEEN DELIVERED THROUGH DONATED PRINT PSA SPACE IN AIRPORTS AND TRAIN STATIONS, AS WELL AS AT PHARMACIES AND SUPERMARKETS. IN FISCAL YEAR 2015, THESE PSA MESSAGES GENERATED $11,473,608 IN DONATED MEDIA SERVICES AND GARNERED 1.3 BILLION IMPRESSIONS. STARTING IN FEBRUARY 2014, WE LAUNCHED BRIGHTFOCUS CHATS, A FREE, INTERACTIVE MONTHLY TELEPHONE FORUM THAT BRINGS TOGETHER PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS TO LEARN FROM, AND ASK QUESTIONS OF, LEADING RESEARCHERS AND SPECIALISTS ON VISION DISEASES. THE CHATS ARE ARCHIVED ON OUR WEB SITE, WITH AUDIO AND PRINT TRANSCRIPTS AVAILABLE IN A NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE FORMATS. WE CONTINUE TO INCREASE OUR PRINT PUBLICATIONS, MANY IN SPANISH, THAT PROVIDE HELPFUL INFORMATION TO PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS, AND REGULARLY UNVEIL NEW VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALLIES IN THE MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES. WE HAVE EXPANDED OUR WRITTEN CONTENT OF KEY RESEARCH FINDINGS, PROMOTING AND SHARING THIS INFORMATION THROUGH OUR WEB SITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS. CAPITALIZING ON EMERGING USE OF DATA VISUALIZATION, OUR BRIGHTFOCUS "SNAPSHOT" SERIES GRAPHICALLY COMMUNICATES INFORMATION ON ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. THROUGH OUR SOCIAL MEDIA AND WEB RESOURCES, WE CONDUCT CONTESTS AND PROMOTIONS TO INCREASE AWARENESS OF THESE DISEASES AND FURTHER SHARE BRIGHTFOCUS PUBLICATIONS AND EVENTS. A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE IS OUR HEALTHY RECIPE CONTEST, WHICH DRAWS ATTENTION TO THE IMPORTANCE OF PREVENTIVE LIFESTYLE CHOICES. MORE SPECIFICALLY, EACH OF THESE PROGRAM AREAS MAIL AWARENESS-RAISING MATERIALS TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF HOUSEHOLDS, WITH MESSAGES FOCUSING ON: RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOM RECOGNITION THROUGH PUBLIC AWARENESS AND STEPS THE PUBLIC SHOULD TAKE THAT MAY HELP REDUCE THEIR RISK. LIFESTYLE CHOICES THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH, ENCOURAGING READERS TO TAKE ACTION TO REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE ONSET OF THE DISEASE. RESEARCH RESULTS AND TREATMENTS AVAILABLE TO ADDRESS THE DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS REGULARLY INTERACTS WITH MEMBERS OF THE MEDIA, AS WELL AS ELECTED OFFICIALS AND FEDERAL AGENCY STAFF. TWICE IN THE PAST YEAR WE HAVE BEEN INVITED PRESENTERS AT U.S. CAPITOL BRIEFINGS FOR CONGRESSIONAL STAFF. THROUGH OUR OWN OUTREACH EFFORTS, AS WELL AS ACTIVE ROLES IN ADVOCACY COALITIONS, WE HELP ADVANCE THE CAUSE OF PIONEERING SCIENCE AND BETTER POSITION BRIGHTFOCUS AS A RESOURCE FOR THOSE STRUGGLING WITH, AND SEARCHING FOR CURES FOR, THESE TERRIBLE DISEASES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11	A DRAFT OF THE FEDERAL FORM 990 SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW PRIOR TO BEING SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT FEDERAL FORM 990 SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED EARLY ENOUGH TO PROVIDE EACH COMMITTEE MEMBER WITH A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR REVIEW AND SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS PRIOR TO THE FILING DEADLINE. THE FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED TO EACH BOARD MEMBER PRIOR TO BEING FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT AND FINAL FORM 990 MAY BE DISTRIBUTED IN PERSON, BY REGULAR MAIL, E-MAIL, OR FAX.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	BRIGHTFOCUS HAS ALL EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS, AND DIRECTORS AGREE TO THE CODE OF CONDUCT THAT INCLUDES ADHERENCE TO THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICY. EACH BOARD DIRECTOR, OFFICER, AND EMPLOYEE IS REQUIRED ANNUALLY TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT. EMPLOYEES MEET ANNUALLY WITH THE BRIGHTFOCUS CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER TO REVIEW THEIR CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS, AND GIVES AN ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST COMPLIANCE REPORT TO THE BOARD CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE CEO AND/OR BRIGHTFOCUS LEGAL COUNSEL AND, IF APPROPRIATE AND NECESSARY, THEN TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. THE DIRECTOR'S AND OFFICER'S STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS LEGAL COUNSEL. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING A CONFLICT OF INTEREST, THE CONFLICTED PARTY IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (BRIGHTFOCUS) BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS OVERALL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR APPROVING THE ANNUAL BUDGET WHICH INCLUDES COMPENSATION FOR ALL EMPLOYEES AT EVERY LEVEL INCLUDING NON-DIRECTOR OFFICERS. ALL PAY ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE ON A YEARLY BASIS EFFECTIVE APRIL 1ST, THE BEGINNING OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FISCAL YEAR. BEFORE APPROVING THE COMPENSATION OF THE CEO, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS DETERMINES THE TOTAL COMPENSATION TO BE PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE CEO IS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE POSITION, RESPONSIBILITY AND QUALIFICATION OF THE POSITION HELD INCLUDING THE RESULT OF AN EVALUATION OF PRIOR PERFORMANCE FOR BRIGHTFOCUS, IF APPLICABLE. THE CEO IS EVALUATED ANNUALLY BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS THROUGH THE USE OF AN IN-DEPTH GOAL ATTAINMENT STRUCTURE, (DEVELOPED WITH ADVICE FROM BOARD SOURCE) THAT INCLUDES A SELF ASSESSMENT AND A BOARD OF DIRECTORS ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION AGAINST SET GOALS, OUTCOMES AND DELIVERABLES. IN ADDITION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PERIODICALLY ENGAGES AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO OBTAIN AND CONSIDER APPROPRIATE DATA, INCLUDING A SALARY SURVEY, WHICH INCLUDES INFORMATION COMPILED FROM THE FEDERAL FORM 990 OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, CONCERNING COMPENSATION PAID TO CEOS IN LIKE CIRCUMSTANCES. IN MAKING THE DETERMINATION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL CONSIDER TOTAL COMPENSATION TO INCLUDE THE SALARY AND VALUE OF ALL BENEFITS PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN PAYMENT FOR SERVICES. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING THE CEO'S COMPENSATION, THE CEO IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL SET FORTH THE BASIS FOR ITS DECISIONS WITH RESPECT TO COMPENSATION IN THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING AT WHICH THE DECISIONS ARE MADE, INCLUDING THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE EVALUATION AND THE BASIS FOR DETERMINING THAT THE INDIVIDUAL'S COMPENSATION WAS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE EVALUATION AND COMPARABILITY DATA. THE CEO IS CHARGED WITH THE SETTING OF SALARIES OF ALL OTHER EMPLOYEES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BUDGET APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE CEO AND HUMAN RESOURCES REVIEW EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS, THAT INCLUDES KEY EMPLOYEES BY PERIODICALLY ENGAGING AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO CONDUCT COMPENSATION AND BENEFIT BENCHMARKING STUDIES THAT INCLUDE VARIOUS REGIONAL AND NATIONAL NON-PROFIT COMPENSATION REPORTS AND SURVEYS. COMPENSATION DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS INCLUDE THE REVIEW OF SELF AND SUPERVISORY EVALUATIONS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO SET INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	BRIGHTFOCUS MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ITS ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FEDERAL FORM 990 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. IN ADDITION, THE PUBLIC ALSO HAS ACCESS TO THE ANNUAL REPORT, THE FEDERAL FORM 1023, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, AND FEDERAL FORM 990 ON THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	RECOVERIES OF PRIOR YEAR GRANTS 446,630. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS 14,144.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DONALD REDELMEIER, MD, FRCPC, MSHSR, FACP ENTITLED: (A2015284S) STATINS AND LONG-TERM RISK OF DEMENTIA AFTER CONCUSSION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CONCUSSION AFFECTS ABOUT ONE MILLION NORTH AMERICANS EACH YEAR, DISPROPORTIONATELY INVOLVING PEOPLE OVER AGE 65 YEARS (SENIORS). ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS A POTENTIAL LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCE OF CONCUSSION IN SENIORS, AND STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SUCH SUBSEQUENT DISORDERS ARE A PRIORITY FOR RESEARCH. RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT STATINS (CHOLESTEROL LOWERING MEDICATIONS) HAVE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS THAT MIGHT PREVENT SHORT-TERM COMPLICATIONS OF CONCUSSION BY REDUCING BRAIN SWELLING, PRESERVING BLOOD FLOW, LESSENING INFLAMMATION, AND PREVENTING CELL DEATH. WE PROPOSE A COMPUTERIZED STUDY LINKING MULTIPLE HEALTHCARE DATABASES (ANTICIPATED SAMPLE SIZE = 300,000, MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP DURATION = 10 YEARS) TO TEST WHETHER STATIN TREATMENT MIGHT DECREASE THE RISK OF SUBSEQUENT DEMENTIA IN SENIORS FOLLOWING A CONCUSSION. GRANT AWARDED: $159,888, SUNNYBROOKE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TORONTO, CANADA. REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEROME ROBERT, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015324F) DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL TISSUE ENGINEERED MODEL OF THE CEREBROVASCULATURE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WITH EVERY HEARTBEAT, ONE QUARTER OF ALL THE BLOOD IN THE BODY FLOWS THROUGH THE BRAIN, AND THIS ACTIVITY IS ESSENTIAL TO KEEP NEURONS IN THE BRAIN HEALTHY THROUGHOUT LIFE. ALTHOUGH SCIENTISTS REALIZE THAT UNDERSTANDING HOW TO KEEP BLOOD VESSELS IN THE BRAIN HEALTHY MAY OFFER NEW WAYS TO TREAT BRAIN DISORDERS INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), A BIG CHALLENGE IS THAT THERE ARE NOT MANY METHODS TO STUDY THE BRAIN'S BLOOD VESSELS OUTSIDE OF AN ANIMAL MODEL, AND ANIMALS MODELS MAY NOT ALWAYS MIMIC THE HUMAN CONDITION CLOSELY ENOUGH TO PROVIDE ANSWERS THAT HELP TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS FOR DEMENTIA. WE HAVE MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN BEING ABLE TO GROW FUNCTIONAL THREE DIMENSIONAL HUMAN-DERIVED BLOOD VESSELS IN THE TEST TUBE USING "TISSUE ENGINEERING" TECHNOLOGY, AND REQUEST SUPPORT TO HELP ADAPT THIS TECHNOLOGY TO MAKE BRAIN BLOOD VESSELS THAT MIMIC THOSE IN THE HUMAN BRAIN. OUR TECHNOLOGIES WILL BE USED TO RAPIDLY TEST SEVERAL QUESTIONS ABOUT HOW THESE VESSELS BECOME DAMAGED IN AD AND HOW TO PREVENT OR REPAIR THIS DAMAGE. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, VANCOUVER, CANADA. REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANCIS HANE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015344F) DEVELOPMENT OF HYPER-POLARIZED 129XE GAS MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING BASED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE EARLY DETECTION MOLECULAR PROBE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS BELIEVED TO BE CAUSED BY A PROTEIN STRUCTURE CALLED AMYLOID OLIGOMERS. THESE AMYLOID OLIGOMERS OCCUR ON THE SURFACE OF BRAIN CELLS IN ADVANCE OF ALZHEIMER'S SYMPTOMS. I PROPOSE TO CREATE A MOLECULE WHICH WILL BIND TO THESE OLIGOMERS AND CAN BE IMAGED USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING. THIS WILL CREATE A METHOD TO PROVIDE UP TO 10 YEARS ADVANCE NOTICE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THIS EARLY DETECTION WILL ALLOW PREVENTATIVE THERAPIES TO BE STARTED EARLIER WHERE THEY ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE EFFECTIVE. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY, THUNDER BAY, CANADA. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MATTHEW CAMPBELL, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015548S) NOVEL AMYLOID-BETA CLEARANCE MECHANISMS AT THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCUMULATION OF A SMALL PEPTIDE, AMYLOID-BETA, IN THE BRAIN AND IMPAIRED CLEARANCE OF AMYLOID-BETA IN SPORADIC AD PATIENT BRAINS APPEARS TO BE A MAJOR FACTOR IN THIS BUILD-UP. POSITIONED ALONG THE CEREBRAL BLOOD VESSELS, THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB) FUNCTIONS AS A TIGHTLY REGULATED SITE OF MACROMOLECULE EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE BRAIN TISSUE AND CIRCULATION AND PREVIOUS WORK HAS IDENTIFIED TRANSCELLULAR RECEPTORS OF AMYLOID-BETA AT THE BBB. WE HAVE SHOWN THAT PARACELLULAR TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN COMPLEXES LINKING BRAIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS TOGETHER ARE ALTERED IN AD BUT THAT CLEARANCE OF AMYLOID-BETA IS INCREASED FOLLOWING TARGETED TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN MODULATION. WE PROPOSE TO EXAMINE THE ROLE OF NOVEL TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEINS IN AD AND ASSESS WHETHER TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN MODULATION IN COMBINATION WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TARGETING AMYLOID-BETA COULD ACT AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY IN AD GRANT AWARDED: $250,000, TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, DUBLIN, IRELAND.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY VEER BALA GUPTA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015641F) DEVELOPING A BLOOD-BASED BIOMARKER PANEL FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WHILE MUCH PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE OVER UNDERSTANDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATHOLOGY AND USING NEUROPROTECTIVE STRATEGIES AND SOME EFFORT SPENT ON BRAIN IMAGING CHANGES IN AD WE STILL LAG FAR BEHIND IN DEVELOPING RELIABLE, SENSITIVE, NON-INVASIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS WHICH CAN BE USED BEFORE AND DURING THE COURSE OF A THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION. THERE IS SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE TO INDICATE THAT EARLY STAGES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE COINCIDE WITH SPECIFIC PROTEIN CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL BODY FLUIDS PARTICULARLY BLOOD AND THESE CHANGES SUBSEQUENTLY ALSO REFLECT AGGRAVATION OF AD PATHOLOGY DURING ITS TIME-COURSE. AGE RELATED PROTEIN CHANGES POSE A MAJOR HURDLE TO IDENTIFY AND DIFFERENTIATE THE SPECIFIC AD BIOMARKERS DUE TO HIGH PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE IN AGED POPULATIONS. WE PROPOSE THAT INVESTIGATING FAMILIAL FORM OF AD WILL BE AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP RELIABLE BLOOD-BASED BIOMARKERS FOR THIS DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY, JONDALOOP, AUSTRALIA. REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JUDITH WEST-MAYS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015052) GENES INVOLVED IN ANTERIOR SEGMENT DYSGENESIS AND GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS AN EYE DISEASE, WHICH IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISUAL DISABILITY IN THE UNITED STATES (MORE THAN 2.7 MILLION CASES OF THE OPEN-ANGLE FORM) AND THROUGHOUT THE WORLD (MORE THAN 60 MILLION CASES OF THE OPEN-ANGLE FORM). DEVELOPMENTAL OCULAR DISORDERS IN HUMANS CAN LEAD TO GLAUCOMA. THE GOALS OF THIS PROPOSAL ARE TO DETERMINE THE GENES INVOLVED IN THESE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, AS WELL AS CREATE ANIMAL MODELS OF GLAUCOMA TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE DISEASE AND HOW WE MAY CURE IT. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, MCMASTER UNIVERSITY, HAMILTON, CANADA. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY CAROLINE KLAVER, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015084) GENETICS IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS OF AFRICAN DESCENT, THE GIGA STUDY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE WORLD, AND IS PARTICULARLY FREQUENT AMONG PERSONS OF AFRICAN DESCENT. GENETIC STUDIES ARE CURRENTLY INVESTIGATING THE CAUSES FOR THIS DISEASE, BUT HAVE THUS FAR MOSTLY SHED LIGHT ON THE DISEASE IN PERSONS OF EUROPEAN DESCENT. WITH THIS PROPOSAL, WE AIM TO FIND THE GENETIC CAUSES FOR GLAUCOMA IN AFRICAN POPULATIONS. THIS WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND WHY GLAUCOMA IS SO FREQUENT IN AFRICA, PROVIDE US WITH KNOWLEDGE ON THE CAUSES OF GLAUCOMA, AND HELP CREATE MEANS TO CURE AND PREVENT THIS DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER, ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY VICKI CHRYSOSTOMOU, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015125) HARNESSING EXERCISE TO PROTECT THE OPTIC NERVE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: EXERCISE IS A POSITIVE LIFESTYLE CHOICE THAT REDUCES THE RISK FOR A WIDE RANGE OF DISEASES AND CONDITIONS. YET, THE ROLE OF EXERCISE IN EYE HEALTH AND EYE DISEASE IS LARGELY UNKNOWN. IN THIS PROJECT WE WILL INVESTIGATE HOW EXERCISE MAY BENEFIT THE OPTIC NERVE, THE STRUCTURE JOINING THE EYE TO THE BRAIN, WHICH IS PRIMARILY AFFECTED IN THE EYE DISEASE GLAUCOMA. THE INFORMATION GAINED FROM THIS WORK WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW APPROACHES FOR PREVENTING OR DELAYING OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE AND SUBSEQUENT VISION LOSS IN GLAUCOMA. GRANT AWARDED: $99,705, CENTRE FOR EYE RESEARCH AUSTRALIA, THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, E. MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY DARRYL OVERBY, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015145) TOWARDS A UNIFYING THEORY FOR UNCONVENTIONAL OUTFLOW IN MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE BLINDNESS, WHERE THE OPEN-ANGLE FORM AFFECTS APPROXIMATELY 60 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE. ALL TREATMENTS FOR GLAUCOMA FOCUS ON LOWERING PRESSURE WITHIN THE EYE TO STOP FURTHER VISION LOSS, BUT THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS CONTROLLING EYE PRESSURE ARE NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD. IN ORDER TO DEVELOP BETTER DRUG THERAPIES THAT MORE SUCCESSFULLY LOWER EYE PRESSURE, WE MUST CONDUCT STUDIES IN ANIMALS, AND MICE ARE OFTEN USED FOR GLAUCOMA RESEARCH. HOWEVER, THERE ARE UNANSWERED QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER EYE PRESSURE IN MICE IS CONTROLLED BY THE SAME MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL EYE PRESSURE IN HUMANS, NEITHER OF WHICH ARE FULLY UNDERSTOOD. THIS PROJECT WILL DETERMINE WHETHER MICE MIMIC THE REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF EYE PRESSURE AS OCCUR IN HUMANS, SO TO ESTABLISH WHETHER STUDIES IN MICE ARE VALID FOR IDENTIFYING NEW DRUGS TO LOWER EYE PRESSURE IN HUMANS GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON, LONDON, UK. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY DIANA PAULY, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015186) COMPLEMENT-BASED IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GENETIC STUDIES SHOWED, THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE LACKING IN TWO PROTEINS (CALLED CFHR1 AND CFHR3) OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, ARE AT A DECREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), THE MOST COMMON CAUSE FOR VISION IMPAIRMENT IN THE AGING POPULATION OF INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES. THE IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF THESE PROTEINS IS NOT KNOWN. WE WILL SHED LIGHT ON THE MECHANISM OF CFHR1 AND CFHR3 ACTION IN THE HUMAN BODY. FOR THIS RESEARCH, WE WILL GENERATE AN ARRAY OF PROTEIN TOOLS, DESIGNED SUCH THAT SOME OF THEM WILL EVENTUALLY BE DEVELOPED INTO NOVEL THERAPEUTICS FOR THE INHIBITION OF OVERACTIVE INFLAMMATION IN THE HUMAN EYE DURING AMD PATHOLOGY. GRANT AWARDED: $160,000, UNIVERSITATSKLINIKUM REGENSBURG (UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL REGENSBURG), REGENSBURG, GERMANY. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY IVAN CONTE, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015317) MIR-211 IN RPE HOMEOSTASIS AND DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM WITH DEVASTATING EFFECT UPON PATIENTS AND COMPOSES A SIGNIFICANT SOCIO-ECONOMIC BURDEN WORLD-WIDE. AMD AFFECTS 30% OF INDIVIDUALS AGED 70 YEARS AND OLDER AND ITS PREVALENCE WILL RISE AS LIFE EXPECTANCY INCREASES DUE TO CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS. IN THE PAST FEW YEARS, SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS WAS MADE ON THE RECOGNITION OF THE GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS THAT PREDISPOSE AND ELICIT AMD. HOWEVER, TREATMENT OPTIONS REMAIN LIMITED BECAUSE THE PATHOGENETIC MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF AMD ARE INCOMPLETELY DEFINED. RECENTLY, SOME SMALL FRAGMENTS OF THE HUMAN GENOME, TERMED MICRORNAS, HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AND FOUND TO HAVE A FUNDAMENTAL ROLE IN MANY BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, BOTH IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND IN PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS THE STUDY OF THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF A MICRORNA, NAMED MIR-211, IN RPE PHYSIOLOGY, SURVIVAL, HOMEOSTASIS BOTH AS CAUSATIVE AGENTS AND AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS. GRANT AWARDED: $160,000, FONDAZIONE TELETHON, ROME, ITALY. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY STEFANIE HAUCK, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015370) UNCOVERING NOVEL MOLECULAR PATHOMECHANISMS IN AMD BY IDENTIFICATION OF RISK SNP BINDING PROTEINS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING HAVE UNCOVERED MANY GENETIC VARIATIONS, SO CALLED SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS THAT CORRELATE WITH AN INCREASED RISK TO DEVELOP AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION DURING LIFE. OUR UNIQUE APPROACH AIMS TO DISCOVER THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THAT ARE AFFECTED BY THESE GENOMIC VARIATIONS, BY ENRICHMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC PROTEINS AND PROTEIN COMPLEXES WHICH DIRECTLY BIND TO THE RESPECTIVE GENOMIC REGIONS. AS A RESULT FROM THIS PROJECT, WE EXPECT TO UNCOVER NOVEL PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE RISK TO DEVELOP AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN ORDER TO PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR INNOVATIVE PREVENTIVE THERAPIES. SINCE THOSE NOVEL THERAPIES WILL BE BASED ON GENOME-SPECIFIC VARIANTS, RECIPIENTS WHO ARE MOST LIKELY TO PROFIT DUE TO THEIR GENOTYPE CAN BE PREDICTED AND A TRULY PERSONALIZED INTERVENTION COULD BE ENABLED. GRANT AWARDED: $160,000, HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM MUENCHEN GMB H, NEUHERBERG, GERMANY.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY STACY GRUNKE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015016F) DECONSTRUCTING ENTORHINAL DEGENERATION AND REPAIR IN AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THESE STUDIES WILL ADDRESS WHY LAYER II OF THE ENTORHINAL CORTEX IS SEVERELY AFFECTED EARLY IN THE PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FOLLOWING LOSS OF ENTORHINAL NEURONS, WE WILL DETERMINE THE MECHANISMS FOR REPAIR OF THE CIRCUITRY THAT FACILITATES FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY OF MEMORY PROCESSING. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ULRICH HENGST, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015093S) LONG-RANGE RETROGRADE STRESS SIGNALING IN AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES SPREAD BETWEEN BRAIN REGIONS ALONG THE CONNECTIONS OF NERVE CELLS CALLED AXONS. HERE WE ARE STUDYING THE QUESTION WHAT PRECISELY IS HAPPENING WITHIN AN AXON THAT CONNECTS TO A DISEASED AREA OF THE BRAIN AND HOW THE NEURODEGENERATIVE SIGNAL IS TRANSMITTED BACK TO THE NEURON. THE RESULTS OF OUR STUDY WILL ALLOW US TO DETERMINE WHETHER ONE CAN POTENTIALLY STOP THIS AXON-TO-NEURON TRANSMISSION OF NEURODEGENERATION, THEREBY STOPPING THE SPREAD OF PATHOLOGY IN THE BRAIN AND PREVENTING TO COGNITIVE DECLINE IN AD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAX PLANCK FLORIDA INSTITUTE FOR NEUROSCIENCE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY RYOHEI YASUDA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015251S) THE ROLE OF CENTAURIN-ALPHA 1 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IT IS THOUGHT THAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS CAUSED BY ACCUMULATION OF BETA-AMYLOID. WE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED THAT A SIGNALING PROTEIN CALLED CENTAURIN-ALPHA 1 (CENTA1) CAUSES BETA-AMYLOID INDUCED DYSFUNCTION OF NEURONS AND THUS POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTES TO BRAIN DYSFUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL FURTHER STUDY THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF CENTA1 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING NEWLY DEVELOPED CENTA1 KNOCKOUT MICE IN COMBINATION WITH THE MODEL MICE FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. WE HOPE THAT THIS WILL LEAD TO NEW THERAPEUTICS TARGETING CENTA1. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN WOLOZIN, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015256S) TARGETING STRESS GRANULE BIOLOGY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE FUNCTION OF RNA IS TO HELP TRANSLATE THE GENETIC "BLUEPRINT" OF DNA INFORMATION INTO ACTUAL PROTEINS THAT EXECUTE THE MAJORITY OF FUNCTIONS IN A CELL. RNA BINDING PROTEINS (RBPS) REGULATE THE CONVERSION OF MESSENGER RNA TO PROTEIN THROUGH FORMATION OF COMPLEXES CALLED RNA GRANULES. CHEMICAL STRESSES INDUCE FORMATION OF A PARTICULAR TYPE OF COMPLEX TERMED THE STRESS GRANULES (SG). OUR PRELIMINARY DATA SHOWED THAT THE NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES THAT ACCUMULATE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SGS. IN PREVIOUS WORK USING BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDS, WE MADE THE STARTLING FINDING THAT TAU PROTEIN IS ACTUALLY REQUIRED FOR SG RESPONSES, WHICH MEANS THAT THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES DRIVING AD ARE INTIMATELY CONNECTED TO THE SG RESPONSE. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT SG FORMATION STABILIZES TAU PROTEIN, STIMULATES TAU MISFOLDING, AND STIMULATES FORMATION OF THE INSOLUBLE TAU THAT FORMS THE PATHOLOGY OF AD. EQUALLY IMPORTANTLY, WE SHOWED THAT REMOVING A SG PROTEIN (TIA-1) ACTUALLY PREVENTS THE MISFOLDING OF TAU ASSOCIATED WITH AD. THIS SUGGESTS THAT REDUCING SG FORMATION MIGHT BE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR AD. WE ARE PUSHING THIS WORK FORWARD ON THREE FRONTS. 1) WE ARE DETERMINING IF REDUCING TIA1 INHIBITS TAU PATHOLOGY AND DISEASE PROGRESSION, AND 2) WE HAVE IDENTIFIED THE PROTEINS THAT ASSOCIATE WITH THE TAU - SG COMPLEX, AND WILL BE DETERMINING WHICH ARE MOST IMPORTANT FOR DISEASE PROGRESSION.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JORGE GHISO, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015275S) AGING, CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY, AND AB CLEARANCE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, THE MOST COMMON FORM OF DEMENTIA, IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE DEPOSITION OF FIBRILLAR MATERIAL (AMYLOID-BETA, AB) IN BRAIN TISSUE AND CEREBRAL BLOOD VESSELS. THE COMPLEX MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION AND ACCUMULATION OF THESE DEPOSITS ARE NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD ALTHOUGH FAILURE IN THE BRAIN REMOVAL OF AB IS INCREASINGLY RECOGNIZED AS A CENTRAL ELEMENT IN THE DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. OUR EXTENSIVE PRELIMINARY DATA INDICATE THAT THE ACTION OF BRAIN ENZYMES AND THE CLEARANCE OF THE RESULTING DEGRADATION FRAGMENTS TO THE BLOOD AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHOULD NOT BE OVERLOOKED AS CRUCIAL CONTRIBUTORS. HOW BRAIN AB REMOVAL IS ADDITIONALLY INFLUENCED BY AGING AND BY THE DYSFUNCTION OF THE CEREBRAL MICROVASCULATURE IS THE CENTRAL FOCUS OF OUR PROPOSAL. THROUGH THE USE OF STATE OF THE ART METHODOLOGIES AND GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MOUSE MODELS WITH SEVERE COMPROMISE OF THE CEREBRAL BLOOD VESSELS THE PROJECT WILL PROVIDE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE BRAIN AB DEGRADATION AND REMOVAL IN HEALTH AND DISEASE, AN APPROACH THAT WILL LIKELY IDENTIFY NEW TARGETS FOR PHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MING-HSUAN OU-YANG, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015289F) PAIRED IG-LIKE RECEPTOR B: A NOVEL BACE1 SUBSTRATE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: BACE1 IS THE ENZYME THAT STARTS THE PRODUCTION OF THE TOXIC AMYLOID-BETA (AB) IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND DRUGS THAT BLOCK BACE1 TO PREVENT AB PRODUCTION ARE CURRENTLY BEING TESTED IN CLINICAL TRIALS ON HUMANS WITH AD. HOWEVER, WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT MICE LACKING THE BACE1 GENE (BACE1 KNOCKOUT MICE) THAT MODEL THE EFFECTS OF BACE1 BLOCKING DRUGS ACTUALLY HAVE IMPAIRED MEMORY, WHICH IS THE OPPOSITE OF THE INTENDED PURPOSE OF DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AD. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT BACE1, ACTING AS A PAIR OF MOLECULAR SCISSORS, IS IMPORTANT FOR NORMAL MEMORY BY CUTTING AND THUS CONTROLLING THE LEVEL OF PIRB, A MOLECULE THAT IS NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF MEMORY FUNCTION. THIS STUDY WILL TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS SO WE CAN BETTER UNDERSTAND THE POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS OF THE FUTURE BACE1 DRUGS, DEVISE WAYS TO PREVENT THEM, AND THUS ENSURE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFE AND EFFECTIVE BACE1 BLOCKING DRUGS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRUCE LAMB, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015296S) THE ROLE OF TREM2 IN AD TAUOPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE ARE WORKING TO FIND NEW DRUG TARGETS IN THE BRAIN AND TO UNDERSTAND THE BIOLOGY OF THE NEWLY IDENTIFIED IMMUNE MOLECULE, TREM2, AND ITS ROLE IN THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TAU PATHOLOGY. THERE ARE A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT CELL TYPES IN THE BRAIN, SOME OF WHICH ARE NORMALLY PRESENT, AND SOME OF WHICH THAT ARE RECRUITED INTO THE BRAIN WHEN IT IS DISEASED. WE WANT TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE INTERACTIONS OF THESE CELLS AND IDENTIFY SPECIFIC AND UNIQUE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JASON GESTWICKI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015297S) REGULATION OF TAU HOMEOSTASIS BY MOLECULAR CHAPERONES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS A DEVASTATING CONDITION THAT IMPACTS PATIENTS, THEIR FAMILIES AND THEIR CAREGIVERS. THERE ARE NO TREATMENTS FOR THIS DISEASE, SO A MAJOR GOAL OF OUR GROUP IS TO PURSUE NEW AND UNCONVENTIONAL WAYS OF PREVENTING IT. IN THE CURRENT PROPOSAL, WE ARE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE BODY'S OWN PROTEINS (TERMED MOLECULAR CHAPERONES) PROTECT US AGAINST ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. AT THE SAME TIME, WE HOPE TO LEARN WHY THIS SYSTEM FAILS DURING DISEASE, SO WE CAN USE THIS KNOWLEDGE TO DESIGN DRUGS THAT ACTIVATE THE MOLECULAR CHAPERONES.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARIE-VICTOIRE GUILLOT-SESTIER, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015309F) AMYLOID-BETA (AB) CLEARANCE BY CENTRAL VS. PERIPHERAL IL-10R-/- MONOCYTES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: INNATE IMMUNE CELLS FUNCTION TO PROTECT THE ORGANISM AGAINST PATHOGENS, AND ARE DIVIDED IN TWO GROUPS: A "CENTRAL" GROUP LOCATED IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, AND A "PERIPHERAL" GROUP IN THE REST OF THE BODY. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS DEFINED IN PART BASED ON ACCUMULATION IN THE BRAIN OF A TOXIC AGENT CALLED AB THAT INDUCES MEMORY LOSS. WE WILL USE MICE THAT DEVELOP AMYLOID PLAQUES TO STUDY WHICH GROUP OF IMMUNE CELLS, "CENTRAL" OR "PERIPHERAL", ARE ABLE TO CLEAR THE BRAIN OF TOXIC AB PEPTIDES. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUAN TRONCOSO, MD ENTITLED:(A2015332S) ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, BEFORE PLAQUES AND TANGLES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THIS APPLICATION, WE PROPOSE TO STUDY THE POSTMORTEM BRAIN OF INDIVIDUALS BETWEEN 30 AND 50 YEARS OF AGE AND TO IDENTIFY THOSE BRAINS WITH THE VERY EARLY PATHOLOGIC CHANGES OR LESIONS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THEN, WE WILL STUDY WHETHER THESE LESIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER ABNORMALITIES AND WHETHER THEY CAUSE DEGENERATION AND DEATH OF BRAIN NERVE CELLS. INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THIS STUDY COULD EVENTUALLY HELP THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND TREATMENTS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZHENTAO ZHANG, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015359F) DEVELOPMENT OF AEP-RELATED CSF MARKERS FOR AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CURRENTLY IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO PREDICT OR DIAGNOSE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BECAUSE THERE ARE FEW RELIABLE BIOMARKERS FOR THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE. WE FOUND THAT AN ENZYME NAMED AEP IS INCREASED IN THE BRAIN OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENTS. AEP CUTS AT LEAST TWO PROTEINS APP AND TAU, GENERATES APP AND TAU FRAGMENTS, AND MEDIATES THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE. IN THE CURRENT PROJECT WE WILL TEST WHETHER THE CONCENTRATION AND ACTIVITY OF AEP AS WELL AS THE APP AND TAU FRAGMENTS IN THE CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID CAN SERVE AS BIOMARKERS FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CELESTE KARCH, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015411S) DEFINING THE ROLE OF PHOSPHOLIPASE D3 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF DEMENTIA BUT HAS NO EFFECTIVE PREVENTION OR TREATMENT. UNDERSTANDING HOW GENETIC VARIANTS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR DEVELOPING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE LEAD TO ALTERED APP METABOLISM AND CONTRIBUTE TO PLAQUE PATHOLOGY IS ESSENTIAL FOR DEVELOPING NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED GENETIC VARIANTS IN PHOSPHOLIPASE D3 THAT DOUBLE THE RISK FOR LATE ONSET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY IS TO USE CELL AND MOUSE MODELS TO BEGIN TO DEFINE THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISK VARIANTS IN <EM>PHOSPHOLIPASE D3 INFLUENCE APP METABOLISM AND CONTRIBUTE TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOAN AND SANFORD I. WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAKOTO ISHII, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015485S) PATHOLOGICAL ROLE OF AMYLOID-BETA ON ADIPOCYTE HORMONE SIGNALING. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS A BRAIN DISEASE THAT OVER TIME CAUSES PEOPLE TO LOSE MEMORY AND HAVE PROBLEMS WITH THINKING. HOWEVER, EVEN BEFORE THE MEMORY AND THINKING PROBLEMS OCCUR, PEOPLE WHO DEVELOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE START TO LOSE BODY WEIGHT FOR REASONS THAT ARE NOT KNOWN. THEREFORE, OUR MAIN GOAL IS TO STUDY WHETHER THERE ARE PROBLEMS IN BRAIN REGIONS THAT CONTROL BODY WEIGHT EARLY ON IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. ONCE WE IDENTIFY THE CAUSE OF THE WEIGHT LOSS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, WE WILL SEE IF THIS WILL HELP US DEVELOP NEW TREATMENTS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DANIEL LEE, PHD ENTITLED:(A2015504S) POLYAMINE AND ARGININE METABOLISM IMPACT TAUOPATHIES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE TAU PROTEIN STABILIZES MICROTUBULES BUT ACCUMULATES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND CAUSES NEURODEGENERATION. ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE IS AN ENZYME THAT METABOLIZES THE AMINO ACID ARGININE TO MAKE SUBSEQUENT MOLECULES KNOWN AS POLYAMINES. WE FIND THAT INCREASING OTHER ARGININE METABOLIZING ENZYMES SUCH AS ARGINASE 1 DECREASES TAU IN THE BRAINS OF MICE. THIS PROPOSAL WILL IDENTIFY HOW ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE REGULATES TAU PATHOLOGY. OVERALL, WE WILL IDENTIFY IF INCREASING ARGININE METABOLIZING ENZYMES AND POLYAMINES IN THE BRAINS OF MICE IMPACTS TAU NEUROPATHOLOGY. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANCESCA BARTOLINI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015508S) FORMIN-INDUCED STABLE MICROTUBULES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: EXTENSIVE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT OLIGOMERIC AB PLAYS A CRITICAL NEUROTOXIC AND SYNAPTOTOXIC ROLE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). OUR PRELIMINARY STUDIES INDICATE THAT AB INDUCES SUBSETS OF MODIFIED STABLE MICROTUBULES AND INHIBITION OF THIS ACTIVITY PREVENTS SYNAPTIC DYSFUNCTION. OUR PROPOSAL RELIES ON A MULTIDISCIPLINARY EFFORT TO TEST THE INVOLVEMENT OF MODIFIED STABLE MICROTUBULES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE KEY CELLULAR EFFECTORS THAT MEDIATE INDUCTION OF SELECTIVE MICROTUBULE STABILITY BY AB. OUR STUDIES WILL POTENTIALLY IDENTIFY NEW DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS AND INTRODUCE A NEW CLASS OF CYTOSKELETON REGULATORS THAT MAY BE TARGETED IN DRUG THERAPIES AIMED AT RESCUING BOTH AB AND PHOSPHO-TAU TOXICITY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANK LAFERLA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015535S) IMPACT OF DIABETES ON TAU PATHOLOGY AND COGNITION IN AD TRANSGENIC MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) ARE TWO OF THE MOST COMMON MEDICAL ILLNESSES IMPACTING OUR SOCIETY, AND RECENT STUDIES INDICATE THAT THESE TWO DISORDERS MAY BE RELATED. THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO ELUCIDATE HOW DIABETES AFFECTS AD. AS PART OF THIS APPLICATION, WE HAVE DEVELOPED INNOVATIVE NEW ANIMALS MODEL TO DISSECT THE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS BY WHICH OF DIABETES IMPACTS AD, WHICH IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE ELUCIDATING THESE PATHWAYS OFFERS REAL AND CONCRETE OPPORTUNITIES TO DEVELOP NOVEL THERAPIES.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHARLES SANDERS, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015565S) TREM2 AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TREM2 IS A PROTEIN THAT PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN HELPING THE BRAIN TO CLEANSE ITSELF OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO ALZHEIMER'S AND RELATED DISEASES. DEFECTS IN THIS PROTEIN MAKE IT UNABLE TO CARRY OUT ITS JOB IN THE BRAIN, LEADING TO THE ACCUMULATION OF TOXIC HAZARDS. THE GOAL OF THIS WORK IS TO TAKE A MOLECULAR SNAPSHOT OF THE TREM2 MOLECULE (A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS) AND TO EXAMINE HOW IT INTERACTS WITH TOXIC MOLECULES IN THE BRAIN. WE EXPECT THIS WORK TO PROVIDE INFORMATION NEEDED TO DESIGN POSSIBLE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TREATMENTS THAT ARE BASED ON HELPING TREM2 TO DO ITS JOB. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALBERT DAVIS, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015577F) APOE REGULATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN MANY BRAIN DISORDERS INCLUDING PARKINSON DISEASE AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, CERTAIN PROTEINS BECOME CLUMPED, WHICH IS HARMFUL TO THE BRAIN. THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLUMPING OF THESE PROTEINS ARE NOT COMPLETELY KNOWN. WE BELIEVE THAT A GENE WHICH IS INVOLVED IN BRAIN PROTEIN CLUMPING IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE MAY ALSO INFLUENCE PROTEIN CLUMPING AND BRAIN INJURY. THIS PROJECT WILL STUDY HOW BRAIN PROTEINS CLUMP AND WILL HOPEFULLY PAVE THE WAY FOR NEW TREATMENTS FOR BRAIN DISEASES INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S, PARKINSON'S, AND RELATED DISORDERS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KAREN CHIANG, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015595F) EFFECTS OF PRE- AND POST-SYNAPTIC ABETA EXPRESSION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TAU PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TAU IS AN ABUNDANT PROTEIN FOUND IN THE BRAIN, WHICH, UNDER NORMAL HEALTHY CONDITIONS, CONTRIBUTES TO STABILITY OF THE CYTOSKELETON. IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL TAU IN THE BRAIN BECOMES TOXIC TO NEURONS, AND THESE TOXIC TAU SPECIES SPREAD ALONG SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS TO DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE BRAIN. PREVIOUS EVIDENCE HAS IMPLICATED THE INVOLVEMENT OF AMYLOID-BETA (AB), A PEPTIDE WHICH IS THE PRIMARY COMPONENT OF THE AMYLOID PLAQUES WHICH CHARACTERIZE AD. OUR RESEARCH INTENDS TO STUDY THE ROLE OF AB IN TAU TOXICITY BY USING TRANSGENIC MICE EXPRESSING BOTH TAU AND AB IN A SPECIFIC CELL POPULATION WITHIN THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER TAU SPREAD IS ALTERED IN NEURONS WHICH FORM SYNAPSES WITH THESE AB-EXPRESSING CELLS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TRACY YOUNG-PEARSE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015607S) SCREEN FOR MODULATORS OF AMYLOID-BETA TOXICITY IN IPSC NEURONS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MANY PAST ATTEMPTS TO DEVELOP TREATMENTS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE HAVE FOCUSED ON JUST ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE DISEASE-THE BUILDUP OF A PROTEIN KNOWN AS AMYLOID-AND HAVE ASSUMED THAT ALL PATIENTS WILL RESPOND TO NEW TREATMENTS IN THE SAME WAY. WE HAVE DEVELOPED A SERIES OF LABORATORY TESTS THAT WILL ENABLE US TO LOOK FOR WAYS TO POTENTIALLY CORRECT A WHOLE RANGE OF PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. WE ALSO PROPOSE USING CELLS DERIVED FROM SEVERAL PATIENTS IN ORDER TO DETERMINE IF INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS DIFFER IN HOW AD MANIFESTS AND HOW THEY MIGHT RESPOND TO NEW TREATMENTS. FINALLY, THE PROJECT COMBINES A SERIES OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AND A DEEP UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE THAT WILL, FOR THE FIRST TIME, ENABLE US TO ANSWER SOME VERY PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ABOUT AD TREATMENT.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOSEPH H LEE, DR. P.H. ENTITLED: (A2015633S) GENETIC MODIFIERS OF THE G206A MUTATION IN PSEN1. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE MAIN GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO IDENTIFY NEW GENES THAT MAY LEAD TO EITHER EARLIER OR LATER AGE AT ONSET OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE BY EXAMINING PUERTO RICAN FAMILIES THAT HAVE AT LEAST ONE PERSON WHO CARRY A UNIQUE MUTATION IN THE PSEN1 GENE. WE WILL SEQUENCE THE WHOLE GENOME, ALL 3 BILLION NUCLEOTIDES, TO IDENTIFY THESE VARIANTS. BASED ON A SMALL SET OF SAMPLES, WE HAVE ALREADY IDENTIFIED A FEW GENES THAT MAY MODIFY AGE AT ONSET OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE, AND IN THIS STUDY, WE WILL EXTEND THE STUDY TO A LARGER SET OF FAMILIES. THIS STUDY MAY IDENTIFY GENETIC VARIANTS THAT MAY POINT TO POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS THAT COULD ALTER THE AGE AT ONSET OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY UMESH JINWAL, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015666S) INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF CDC37 CO-CHAPERONE IN AD PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ABNORMALITIES IN TAU PROTEIN HAVE BEEN LINKED TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND SEVERAL OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. THESE DISEASES ARE BECOMING MORE AND MORE PREVALENT IN OUR AGING POPULATION. THIS PROPOSAL IS AIMED TO PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHT INTO TAU ABNORMALITIES VIA ALTERATION OF A CHAPERONE PROTEIN CDC37 IN CELLULAR AND ANIMAL MODELS OF AD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JADA LEWIS, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015688S) TOWARDS A KNOCKDOWN THERAPY FOR TAUOPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE PROPOSE A RESEARCH WHERE USING GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICE CARRYING P301L MUTATION, ALTERATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, WE WILL APPLY TWO TECHNIQUES KNOWN AS KNOCK-DOWN WHICH USES COMPLEMENTARY RNA TO SPECIFIC SITES OF THAT SPECIFIC MUTATION AS TOOL TO BLOCK THE ALTERED PROTEIN AND THE OTHER APPROACH IS CUT DNA AT SPECIFIC REGIONS OF TAU PROTEIN WITH THE PURPOSE OF EXPRESS LESS AMOUNT OF THE TAU PROTEIN WITH THE PURPOSE OF CURING THE FAMILIAL FTD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ERIK ROBERSON, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015693S) DEVELOPMENT OF INHIBITORS OF THE TAU-FYN INTERACTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO IDENTIFY A NOVEL THERAPY FOR TREATING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. WE ARE INVESTIGATING COMPOUNDS THAT WOULD STOP THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO PROTEINS, TAU AND FYN. CONSIDERABLE DATA INDICATES THAT BLOCKING THIS INTERACTION COULD AMELIORATE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DANA-FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KIMBERLY, GLASS, PHD ENTITLED: (C2014001) 21ST CENTURY BRAIN TRUST AWARD: SEX SPECIFIC DIFFERENCE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ARE CHARACTERIZED BY UNIQUE ALTERATIONS IN CELLULAR NETWORK STRUCTURE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: BIG DATA APPROACHES STAND TO CONTRIBUTE MUCH TO KNOWLEDGE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THIS PROJECT FOCUSES COMPUTATIONAL EXPERTISE ON UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ANTHROTRONIX, INC. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CORINNA LATHAN, PHD ENTITLED: (C2015001)DEFENSE AUTOMATED NEUROBEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT FOR MILD DEMENTIA PILOT STUDY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS GRANT TEST BATTLEFIELD TECHNOLOGIES FOR POST-INJURY COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, TESTING WHETHER AUTOMATED COGNITIVE TESTING MIGHT BE INFORMATIVE IN IDENTIFYING OR MONITORING IN THIS POPULATION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ALZHEIMER'S DRUG DISCOVERY FOUNDATION.(H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DRUG DISCOVERY FOUNDATION ACCESS PLATFORM. SUMMARY: SERVICE TO PAIR ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS WITH CONTRACT RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: GLOBAL ALZHEIMER'S PLATFORM, INC. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (C2015300) PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TO FOSTER INNOVATIVE CLINICAL TRIALS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. SUMMARY: BY LINKING EXISTING REGISTRIES AND DEVELOPING STANDING COHORTS OF RESEARCH-READY TRIAL PARTICIPANTS, THIS PROJECT HOPE TO OFFSET THE CHALLENGES IN RECRUITING SUBJECTS TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CLINICAL TRIALS.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN W CRABB, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015039) PROTEOMIC APPROACHES TO POAG MECHANISMS & BIOMARKERS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS AN AGE-RELATED OCULAR DISEASE AND LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. WHILE AGE AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP) ARE MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA (POAG), EYE DOCTORS CANNOT YET PREDICT WHO WILL DEVELOP POAG. THE IDENTIFICATION OF ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS IS A HIGH PRIORITY. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL IDENTIFY GLAUCOMA-ALTERED PROTEINS IN THE CLEAR FLUID AT THE FRONT OF THE EYE (I.E., AQUEOUS HUMOR) THAT WILL LEAD TO IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE MECHANISMS AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS THAT WILL ASSIST IN CARING FOR GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YONJU HA, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015044) THE ROLE OF CXCL10/CXCR3 IN NEURODEGENERATION DURING GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS BY RETINAL NEURONAL CELL DEATH IN THE WORLDWIDE AND IT OCCURS BY INCREASING OF PRESSURE IN THE EYE. HOWEVER, THE TREATMENT OF LOWERING EYE PRESSURE IS NOT ALWAYS EFFECTIVE ON PREVENTING THE PROGRESSION OF GLAUCOMA. THEREFORE, WE WILL TEST WHETHER TWO PROTEINS CALLED CXCL10 AND CXCR3 ARE INVOLVED IN RETINAL INFLAMMATION AND NEURONAL CELL DEATH DURING GLAUCOMA. OUR FINAL GOAL IS TO DEVELOP NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO PROTECT GLAUCOMA PATIENTS FROM BLINDNESS, FOR EXAMPLE, BY INHIBITING THE FUNCTIONS OF CXCL10 AND CXCR3. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY VIJAY KRISHNA RAGHUNATHAN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015078) STEROID INDUCED MODULATION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: STEROIDS, ROUTINELY USED TO CONTROL INFLAMMATION, CAN CAUSE INCREASES IN INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND THREATEN A LOSS OF VISION IN 30-40% OF ALL INDIVIDUALS. WHAT CAUSES SUCH INCREASES IN PRESSURE AND WHY ONLY A SUBSET OF INDIVIDUALS RESPOND ADVERSELY TO STEROIDS IS NOT KNOWN. WE BELIEVE THAT SUCH INCREASES IN PRESSURE ARE DUE TO DYSREGULATION IN CELLULAR FUNCTION, IN SECRETION OF PROTEINS, AND DUE TO STRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS TO THE TISSUE THAT THE CELLS ARE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY WITH. IN THE PROPOSED STUDY, WE WILL DETERMINE IF TREATMENT WITH STEROIDS ALTERS CELLULAR AND MATRIX STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION, BIOMECHANICAL ATTRIBUTES, AND FUNCTION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GUORONG LI, MD ENTITLED: (G2015100) OCT MEASUREMENT OF TM/SC STIFFNESS IN LIVING MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE FOR PREVENTING BLINDNESS IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS IS EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND EFFECTIVELY TREATMENT OF THE DISEASE. WE HAVE DEVELOPED A WAY TO VISUALIZE THE MOVEMENT OF MOUSE OUTFLOW PATHWAY, TISSUES CONTROLLING INTRAOCULAR PRESSURES AT DIFFERENT PRESSURES AND GLAUCOMA DRUG TREATMENTS WITHOUT TOUCHING THE EYE. THIS PROJECT IS VITAL IN THREE WAYS: 1) WE CAN MAKE GLAUCOMA EYES IN MICE THAT MIMICS THE DISEASE IN PATIENT TO TEST HOW DISEASED EYES ARE DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL EYES IN OUTFLOW TISSUES; 2) WE CAN TREAT THE GLAUCOMA EYES WITH NEWLY DEVELOPED DRUG TO SEE HOW SAFE AND EFFECTIVE OF THE DRUG TO TREAT GLAUCOMA EYES; 3) THE INFORMATION COLLECTED FROM THE ANIMALS CAN BE APPLIED TO CLINIC FOR GLAUCOMA EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RAFAEL GRYTZ, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015115) QUANTIFYING COLLAGEN REMODELING OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS AND THE PROGRESSIVE REMODELING AND EXCAVATION OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD IS A COMMON FEATURE OF ALL GLAUCOMA PHENOTYPES, YET LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS. TO STUDY GROWTH AND REMODELING MECHANISMS IN GLAUCOMA IS VERY CHALLENGING, AS THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OCCUR AT VERY DIFFERENT LENGTH SCALES (FROM AN ELEVATED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AT THE ORGAN LEVEL TO A POTENTIAL ALTERATION OF THE COLLAGEN FIBRIL STRUCTURE AT THE MICRO-SCALE). ALSO, THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD, THE SITE OF INITIAL AXONAL DAMAGE IN GLAUCOMA, IS NOT DIRECTLY ACCESSIBLE FOR IMAGING AS OTHER TISSUES SURROUND IT. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP A NOVEL IMAGINING AND QUANTIFICATION METHODOLOGY, AND TO USE THIS METHODOLOGY TOGETHER WITH A NEW ANIMAL MODEL TO GAIN INSIGHT INTO THE GROWTH AND REMODELING MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE GLAUCOMA. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY THAO NGUYEN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015132) BIOMECHANICS OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD: MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ALTERING CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPERTIES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IS A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND SEVERITY OF GLAUCOMA. THIS PROJECT INVESTIGATES THE BIOMECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT OF HUMAN OPTIC NERVE HEAD CAUSED BY INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE TO UNDERSTAND THE CONNECTION BETWEEN PRESSURE AND GLAUCOMA. MOREOVER, THE PROJECT AIMS TO MEASURE HOW THE BIOMECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD CAN BE ALTERED BY CHEMICAL TREATMENTS THAT STIFFEN OR SOFTEN THE EYE-WALL FOR NEUROPROTECTION. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS WORK CAN BE IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTANDING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INDIVIDUALS TO GLAUCOMA, TO DEVELOPING NEW DIAGNOSTICS TECHNIQUES, THAT FOR EXAMPLE MEASURE A KEY MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF THE SCLERA AND LAMINA CRIBROSA, AND TO DEVELOPING NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ADNAN DIBAS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015163) TARGETING ASICS IN OPTIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES IS NEUROPROTECTIVE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS THE SECOND CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE US. CURRENTLY, GLAUCOMA DRUGS ONLY LOWER PRESSURE IN THE EYE, HOWEVER, VISION LOSS CONTINUES. THEREFORE, THERE IS AN URGENT NEED FOR NEWER DRUGS THAT CAN SAVE THE NEURONS IN THE EYE FOLLOWING ANY EYE INJURY. THE CURRENT PROJECT WILL ATTEMPT DEVELOPING SUCH NOVEL DRUGS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY AUDREY BERNSTEIN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015195) EXFOLIATION SYNDROME AND LYSOSOMAL DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN EXFOLIATION SYNDROME (XFS), THE EYE STARTS ACCUMULATING 'WHITE FLUFF' DEPOSITS COMPOSED OF PROTEIN AGGREGATES. THE AGGREGATES EVENTUALLY BLOCK THE EXIT OF FLUID FROM THE EYE, CAUSING A BUILDUP OF PRESSURE THAT CAN LEAD TO BLINDNESS. WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT CELLS OBTAINED FROM XFS EYES MAY HAVE A PROBLEM DEGRADING THESE PROTEIN AGGREGATES LEADING TO AN ACCUMULATION OF "CELLULAR TRASH" THAT BECOMES TOXIC. IN THIS PROPOSAL WE WILL TEST METHODS TO ACCELERATE DEGRADATION OF THIS CELLULAR WASTE TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF XFS CELLS.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JULIA RICHARDS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015202) GENETICS OF HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CYSTS IN THE IRIS CAN BLOCK THE ABILITY OF FLUID TO FLOW OUT OF THE EYE, LEADING TO BUILD UP OF PRESSURE IN THE EYE AND GLAUCOMA (DAMAGE TO THE OPTIC NERVE). WE WILL STUDY A NEW ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA GENE, MTRR, THAT WE FOUND BY STUDYING A LARGE FAMILY WITH IRIS CYSTS. WE WILL DO BIOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF THE PROTEIN THAT HAS BEEN CHANGED BY THE MUTATION. WE WILL ALSO STUDY THE ROLE OF THE NORMAL PROTEIN IN THE EYE. WE WILL SCREEN FOR MUTATIONS IN THIS GENE IN A DIFFERENT, COMMON FORM OF GLAUCOMA WITH WHICH THIS BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED. THESE INVESTIGATIONS WILL BEGIN DETAILING THE ROLE OF HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM IN GLAUCOMA AND MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE THERAPIES. THE DISCOVERY OF THIS NEW ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA GENE HAS RAISED THE POSSIBILITY THAT WE MIGHT BE ABLE TO DEVELOP DIETARY INTERVENTIONS TO PREVENT OR LIMIT THE SEVERITY OF TYPES OF GLAUCOMA THAT INVOLVE HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: STANFORD UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY GOLDBERG, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (C2015201) PHASE II GLAUCOMA CLINICAL TRIAL. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL WILL TEST THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A NEUOPROTECTION CANDIDATE DRUG IN GLACUOMA. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: GEORGIA TECH FOUNDATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROSS ETHIER, PHD ENTITLED: PURCHASE OF OCT IMAGING SYSTEM. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SUPPLEMENT TO COLLABORATIVE GRANT IN GLAUCOMA. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY GOLDIS MALEK, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015421) THE ROLE OF A MACROPHAGE CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A DEVASTATING DISEASE RESULTING IN BLINDNESS IN THE ELDERLY. THOUGH WHAT CAUSES IT IS STILL UNKNOWN, WE KNOW THAT THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS INVOLVED. THE EXPERIMENTS IN THIS STUDY ARE DESIGNED TO ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING QUESTION: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF A SPECIFIC FACTOR CALLED OSTEOPONTIN, THAT MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR RECRUITING IMMUNE CELLS TO EYE, IN DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION? THE ANSWER MAY RESULT IN IDENTIFICATION OF A FUTURE TARGET FOR THERAPY.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY QIUHONG LI, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015178) ANG-(1-7)/MAS SIGNALING IN AGING EYE- PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS MULTIFACETED DEGENERATIVE RETINAL DISEASE INVOLVING COMPLEX PATHOLOGIC PATHWAYS, AND IT SO FAR INCURABLE. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A NEW SIGNALING PATHWAY THAT WILL BLOCK MULTIPLE PATHOLOGIC PATHWAYS IMPLICATED IN AMD AND PROMOTE ENDOGENOUS PROTECTIVE PATHWAY. THE OVERALL GOALS OF THIS PROPOSED RESEARCH TO STUDY THE PROTECTIVE MECHANISM OF THIS NEW SIGNALING PATHWAY AND ITS DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENE, AND TO TEST THEIR THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN ANIMAL MODELS OF AMD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY HONGLI WU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015180) THE ROLE OF GLUTAREDOXIN 2 (GRX2), A MITOCHONDRIAL THIOL REPAIR ENZYME, IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TOO MANY FREE RADICALS (BAD MOLECULES CREATED BY OXIDATION) IN THE RETINA IS BELIEVED TO CAUSE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). GLUTAREDOXIN 2 (GRX2) IS A NEWLY DISCOVERED ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME, WHICH CAN BREAK DOWN FREE RADICALS IN THE RETINA. IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL STUDY IF AND HOW GRX2 PROTECTS RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS AGAINST FREE RADICALS. RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY MAY LEAD TO A BETTER TREATMENT FOR AMD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YIN SHAN NG, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015214) TLR2 AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR CNV PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALTHOUGH CURRENT THERAPIES FOR CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION (CNV) ASSOCIATED WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION ARE EFFECTIVE IN THE SHORT TERM, THEY ARE EXPENSIVE, THEY ADDRESS THE SYMPTOMS RATHER THAN THE CAUSE OF THE DISEASE, AND CONCERNS HAVE BEEN RAISED ABOUT THEIR LONG-TERM EFFICACY AND SAFETY. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO VALIDATE THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 2 (TLR2), A COMPONENT OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM, IN CNV PATHOGENESIS, AND TO EVALUATE TLR2 AS A NOVEL, EFFECTIVE AND SAFE THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR THE TREATMENT OF CNV. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY NORIKO ESUMI, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015220) INCREASING STRESS RESISTANCE: A NEW STRATEGY FOR AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, AND THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE) IS THE PRIMARY SITE OF DAMAGE FOR DEVELOPING AMD. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS ARE RECOGNIZED AS IMPORTANT UNDERLYING FACTORS THAT LEAD TO AMD. THEREFORE, MOLECULES THAT CAN REDUCE INFLAMMATION AND/OR INCREASE RESISTANCE TO HARMING STRESSES IN THE RPE SEEM TO PROVIDE A NEW STRATEGY AGAINST THIS DEVASTATING BLINDING DISEASE. THIS STUDY AIMS TO EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL OF SUCH A CANDIDATE MOLECULE FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF AMD.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MIKAEL KLINGEBORN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015221) THE ROLE OF EXOSOMES IN DRY AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AT PRESENT THERE IS NO WAY TO TREAT THE DRY FORM OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) WHICH EVENTUALLY LEADS TO BLINDNESS. THE EXPERIMENTS I AM PROPOSING ARE AIMED AT UNDERSTANDING MORE ABOUT WHAT MAKES RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE) CELLS IN THE EYE SICK IN THE AMD DISEASE PROCESS AND HOW SMALL LIPID VESICLES THAT RPE CELLS RELEASE MAY BE INVOLVED. THE RESULT FROM THESE EXPERIMENTS MAY HELP US FIND NEW DRUGS TO TREAT SICK RPE CELLS IN EYES OF PEOPLE WITH AMD AND IN SO DOING SAVE THEIR EYESIGHT. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RUCHIRA SINGH, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015267) DELINEATING THE ROLE OF ECM ALTERATIONS IN A PATIENT-DERIVED HIPSC-RPE-EC CO-CULTURE MODEL OF MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DELINEATING THE ROLE OF ECM ALTERATIONS IN A PATIENT-DERIVED HIPSC-RPE-EC CO-CULTURE MODEL OF MACULAR DEGENERATIONIN MACULAR DEGENERATION, THE LIGHT-SENSING TISSUE IN THE BACK OF OUR EYE, CALLED THE RETINA, IS AFFECTED. IN THE RETINA, THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE) CELLS AND THEIR UNDERLYING VASCULAR SUPPORT SYSTEM, THE CHOROID, ARE THE MAIN CELL TYPES AFFECTED IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) AND SIMILAR DISEASES. HOWEVER, IT IS NOT KNOWN WHETHER RPE OR CHOROID CELLS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DISEASE. THEREFORE, OUR GOAL IN THIS STUDY IS TO IDENTIFY WHETHER LOSS OF RPE OR CHOROID CELL FUNCTION ALONE CAN CAUSE THE DISEASE. THIS KNOWLEDGE WILL HELP US TO DEVELOP DRUG TREATMENTS THAT CAN MAKE THE AFFECTED CELL TYPE HEALTHY AGAIN. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.(H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY TIMOTHY CORSON, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015301) NOVEL ANTIANGIOGENIC COMPOUNDS FOR TREATMENT OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH IN THE EYE CAUSES "WET" AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, A MAJOR CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. SINCE MANY PATIENTS DO NOT RESPOND TO EXISTING THERAPIES, NEW DRUGS ARE NEEDED TO BLOCK THIS BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH. STARTING WITH A NEW CHEMICAL THAT WE DEVELOPED THAT BLOCKS BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH, WE WILL DESIGN AND PRODUCE RELATED CHEMICALS THAT ARE EVEN MORE POTENT AND SELECTIVE FOR BLOOD VESSEL CELLS OVER OTHER CELL TYPES. WE WILL THEN DETERMINE THE BEST DOSAGE REGIMEN FOR TWO OF THESE COMPOUNDS TO MAXIMIZE THEIR LEVELS AND EFFECTS IN THE EYE, EN ROUTE TO DEVELOPING A NEW THERAPY FOR THIS DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ALFRED LEWIN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015348) A NOVEL ANTIOXIDANT THERAPY FOR RETINAL DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TOXIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS ARE KNOWN TO DAMAGE THE RETINA WITH AGE AND TO CONTRIBUTE TO AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). WE WILL USE A MOUSE MODEL OF DRY AMD TO TEST A POTENT ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUND THAT WE CHARACTERIZED PREVIOUSLY TO DETERMINE IF IT PREVENTS RETINAL DEGENERATION IN THESE MICE. OUR GOAL IS TO PREVENT PROGRESSION OF DRY AMD IN PEOPLE WITH EARLY SIGNS OF THIS BLINDING DISEASE.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SYSTEM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY APARNA LAKKARAJU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015350) CAN RPE-DERIVED EXOSOMES CONTRIBUTE TO SUBRETINAL DRUSENOID DEPOSITS?. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OVER 11 MILLION AMERICANS CURRENTLY SUFFER FROM AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE VISION LOSS AMONG OLDER ADULTS. WITH AGE, INSOLUBLE AGGREGATES ACCUMULATE ABOVE AND BENEATH THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM, THE TISSUE THAT NOURISHES AND SUPPORTS THE PHOTORECEPTORS, THE LIGHT-SENSING CELLS OF THE EYE. OVER A LIFETIME, THESE AGGREGATES CONSPIRE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS TO DAMAGE THE PIGMENT EPITHELIUM AND LEAD TO A CHRONIC DECLINE IN VISION. OUR WORK SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND HOW THESE AGGREGATES FORM, HOW THEY IMPACT CELL FUNCTION AND WHETHER A PROMISING TREATMENT STRATEGY RECENTLY IDENTIFIED BY OUR GROUP WILL HELP PREVENT THE FORMATION OF THESE AGGREGATES AND PRESERVE HEALTHY VISION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ERNESTO MOREIRA, MD ENTITLED: (M2015356) USING INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL-DERIVED RETINAL PIGMENTED EPITHELIUM TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN VITRO. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE RETINAL PIGMENTED EPITHELIUM (RPE), A LAYER OF CELLS UNDER THE LIGHT CAPTURING PHOTORECEPTORS, PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL UTILIZE STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND HOW TOXINS DERIVED FROM SMOKING LEAD TO RPE DAMAGE THROUGH THE ACTIVATION OF IMMUNE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM. THE UTILIZATION OF STEM CELLS OFFERS A CLEAR ADVANTAGE OVER CURRENT MODELS, BECAUSE WE CAN DERIVE TISSUES FROM AMD PATIENTS, WHICH CARRY THE GENETIC BACKGROUND OF THE DISEASE. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO DIRECTLY INVESTIGATE THE IMMUNE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IN GENETIC CONDITIONS OF AMD, THEREBY PROVIDING A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE MECHANISMS AND THE ABILITY TO TEST POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARIE BURNS, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015379) HIGH-RESOLUTION IN VIVO IMAGING FOR EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF RETINAL DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: BLINDNESS IS COMMONLY CAUSED BY DEATH AND DISAPPEARANCE OF LIGHT-SENSING CELLS IN THE RETINA. ONE BIG-PICTURE GOAL OF OUR RESEARCH IS TO IDENTIFY CELLS IN DISTRESS AND TO HEAL THEM BEFORE THEY DIE AND BEFORE PATIENTS LOSE THEIR SIGHT. BECAUSE DOCTORS HAVE THE ABILITY TO LOOK INSIDE THE EYE AS PART OF ROUTINE EXAMS, OUR RESEARCH IS DEVELOPING NEW WAYS TO IMAGE CELLS IN THE LIVING EYE, PROVIDING A NEW "WINDOW TO HEALTH", WITH THE ULTIMATE GOAL TO DELAY OR PREVENT BLINDNESS THROUGH EARLY DETECTION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES.(H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY STEVEN NUSINOWITZ, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015295) SCOTOPIC CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION IN PRECLINICAL AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IF WE ARE GOING TO BE ABLE TO TREAT PEOPLE AT THE EARLIEST STAGES OF MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) BEFORE THEY HAVE PERMANENT DAMAGE, WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THOSE PEOPLE WHO WOULD BENEFIT FROM A PREVENTIVE TREATMENT. GENETIC TESTING ALONE IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO KNOW WHO WILL DEVELOP AMD AND WE ARE TESTING THE POSSIBILITY THAT AN EARLY INDICATION THAT A PERSON MAY DEVELOP OR IS DEVELOPING AMD IS THE IMPAIRMENT OF THE ABILITY OF THE RETINA, PARTICULARLY THE CELLS THAT DETECT LOW LEVELS OF LIGHT, TO RAPIDLY RECOVER FROM LIGHT EXPOSURE. WE ARE DEVELOPING A SIMPLE TEST FOR THIS RESPONSE TO FLICKERING LIGHTS THAT CAN BE DONE AT MULTIPLE LOCATIONS IN THE RETINA. WE WILL DETERMINE IF THIS TEST CAN BE USED TO HELP IN THE PREDICTION OF THOSE WHO WILL DEVELOP AMD AND/OR DISTINGUISH DIFFERENT FORM OF AMD.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY NORIKO ESUMI, M.D., PH.D. ENTITLED: (M2012044) EFFICIENT DIFFERENTIATION OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SUPPLEMENT TO RESEARCH GRANT IN AMD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DEAN MCGEE EYE INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: RETINAL DEGENERATION MEETING GRANT. SUMMARY: THE RETINAL DEGNERATION MEETING EXISTS TO FACILITATE KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONGST RESEARCHERS IN THE AMD COMMUNITY AND OTHER RETINAL DISORDERS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HELEN KELLER FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP. SUMMARY: THE HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH RECOGNIZES SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN VISION RESEARCH, AND PROVIDES FUNDS FOR CONTINUANCE OF THOSE STUDIES.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 51056K

Schedule O (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2014

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

		Prior Year	Current Year
8	Contributions and grants (Part VIII, line 1h) .........	25,126,233	27,946,621
9	Program service revenue (Part VIII, line 2g) .........	0	0
10	Investment income (Part VIII, column (A), lines 3, 4, and 7d ) ....	766,939	1,313,037
11	Other revenue (Part VIII, column (A), lines 5, 6d, 8c, 9c, 10c, and 11e)	830,470	841,752
12	Total revenue—add lines 8 through 11 (must equal Part VIII, column (A), line 12)...................	26,723,642	30,101,410
13	Grants and similar amounts paid (Part IX, column (A), lines 1–3 )...	8,755,315	11,036,156
14	Benefits paid to or for members (Part IX, column (A), line 4).....	0	0
15	Salaries, other compensation, employee benefits (Part IX, column (A), lines 5–10)	4,031,826	4,670,827
16a	Professional fundraising fees (Part IX, column (A), line 11e).....	407,033	393,423
b	Total fundraising expenses (Part IX, column (D), line 25) 5,152,261
17	Other expenses (Part IX, column (A), lines 11a–11d, 11f–24e)....	11,933,206	13,150,988
18	Total expenses. Add lines 13–17 (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25)	25,127,380	29,251,394
19	Revenue less expenses. Subtract line 18 from line 12.......	1,596,262	850,016
		Beginning of Current Year	End of Year
20	Total assets (Part X, line 16).............	48,181,675	52,852,651
21	Total liabilities (Part X, line 26).............	16,829,153	19,687,626
22	Net assets or fund balances. Subtract line 21 from line 20.....	31,352,522	33,165,025

Sign Here

	Signature of officer	Date

	Type or print name and title


4a	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 12,826,966 including grants of $ 5,913,866 ) (Revenue $ )
	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (ADR) -- BRIGHTFOCUS'S ADR PROGRAM FUNDS RESEARCH FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE'S CAUSES, ITS EARLY DETECTION, AND TREATMENTS TO HELP SLOW OR STOP ITS PROGRESSION, AND ULTIMATELY TO PREVENT THE DISEASE ALTOGETHER. ADR ANNUALLY AWARDS PEER-REVIEWED GRANTS TO SCIENTISTS FROM INSTITUTIONS WORLDWIDE WHO ARE CONDUCTING BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2015, ADR FUNDED 29 NEW PROJECTS, TOTALING $5,608,866, AND AWARDED $305,000 IN FOUR SPECIAL PROJECTS THAT FOCUS ON BETTER USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES AND BIG DATA, TO INCREASE THE SPEED OF CLINICAL TRIALS AND RESEARCH PROGRESS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I.BRIGHTFOCUS IS HONORED TO HAVE SUPPORTED THE EARLY RESEARCH OF TWO EVENTUAL NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS: DR. STANLEY PRUSINER AND DR. PAUL GREENGARD, WHOSE WORK HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL TO OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FURTHER ILLUSTRATING BRIGHTFOCUS'S IMPACT, A THIRD-PARTY ROSTER OF PAPERS THAT CONSIDERED MILESTONES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE LISTS 19 BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PAPERS, SIX PERCENT OF THE TOTAL RECOGNIZED.BRIGHTFOCUS CONTINUES ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ACADEMIC JOURNAL "MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION" AS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION. THE JOURNAL PUBLISHES TECHNICAL PAPERS RELATED TO NEURODEGENERATION IN THE THREE DISEASE AREAS. AS AN "OPEN ACCESS" JOURNAL, THERE IS NO FEE FOR READERS, AND ALL CONTENT IS FREE OF CHARGE AND EASY TO ACCESS. THIS OPEN ACCESS ENSURES MAXIMAL REACH OF JOURNAL CONTENTS TO SCIENTISTS AND CARE PROVIDERS WORLDWIDE. ADR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH CONTINUED TO MAKE THE NEWS IN THIS FISCAL YEAR, INCLUDING HIGH VISIBILITY REPORTS RELATING TO DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW CLASS OF ANTI-ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DRUGS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH BRIDGING ALZHEIMER'S AND OTHER CONDITIONS, AND MANY OTHER TOPICS. EACH AREA OF RESEARCH IS THE SUBJECT OF ONGOING BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDED RESEARCH STUDIES. MORE DETAILS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE NEWS UPDATES SECTION OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG WEBSITE.IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RANKS AS AT LEAST THE SIXTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE UNITED STATES, YET IT IS THE ONLY CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG THE TOP 10 IN AMERICA WITHOUT A WAY TO PREVENT, CURE, OR EVEN SLOW ITS PROGRESSION. IT IS AN IRREVERSIBLE DEGENERATION OF THE BRAIN THAT CAUSES DISRUPTIONS IN MEMORY, COGNITION, PERSONALITY, AND OTHER FUNCTIONS AND INEVITABLY LEADS TO DEATH. MORE THAN 5 MILLION AMERICANS AGED 65 AND OLDER ARE THOUGHT TO HAVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TODAY, AND THAT NUMBER IS EXPECTED TO TRIPLE IN THE NEXT 40 YEARS.

4b	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 5,373,406 including grants of $ 2,655,174 ) (Revenue $ )
	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH (MDR), A PROGRAM OF BRIGHTFOCUS, HAS AWARDED NEARLY $18.5 MILLION TO SCIENTISTS STUDYING THE DISEASE. THE LATEST RESEARCH IS FOCUSED ON NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THE DISEASE, UNDERSTANDING ITS CAUSES AND PROGRESSION, DRUG THERAPIES, AND NEW SCREENING TECHNIQUES. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2015, MDR AWARDED $2,520,000 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 16 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS THAT RANGE FROM STUDIES TO DEVELOP NEW ANTI-OXIDANT BASED THERAPIES TO CLINICAL PROJECTS TESTING ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES. ADDITIONAL DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I.MDR-FUNDED PROJECTS WERE FEATURED IN MEDIA ARTICLES, INCLUDING PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERAPIES, AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH COMBINING AMD KNOWLEDGE WITH VASCULAR BIOLOGY TO DISCOVER NEW TREATMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR MACULAR DEGENERATION. MORE DETAILS ON THIS AND OTHER SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES ACHIEVED THROUGH MDR FUNDING ARE AVAILABLE IN THE NEWS UPDATES SECTION OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG WEBSITE.IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THIS DISEASE. AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN THE UNITED STATES. IT DESTROYS THE MACULA, THE PART OF THE EYE THAT PROVIDES SHARP, CENTRAL VISION NEEDED FOR SEEING OBJECTS CLEARLY. THE MOST COMMON EYE CONDITION IN PEOPLE AGE 60 AND OLDER, IT CAN LEAD TO VISION LOSS IN ONE OR BOTH EYES, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE FACES, DRIVE A CAR, OR READ.

4c	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 3,009,382 including grants of $ 2,467,116 ) (Revenue $ )
	BRIGHTFOCUS'S NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH (NGR) PROGRAM HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $26.7 MILLION WORLDWIDE FOR THE STUDY OF GLAUCOMA. NGR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH HAS BEEN FOCUSED ON THE EYE-BRAIN CONNECTION, THE MECHANISMS FOR PRESSURE BUILDUP IN THE EYE, PREVENTING DAMAGE TO THE OPTIC NERVE, AND UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE GENES PLAY IN ORDER TO DEVELOP EARLY GLAUCOMA SCREENING AND TARGETED TREATMENTS.NGR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO GLAUCOMA RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. NGR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2015, NGR AWARDED $1,249,616 FOR 13 NEW PROJECTS THAT RANGE FROM CALCULATING INDIVIDUAL RISK FOR GLAUCOMA TO REAL-TIME MONITORING AND CONTROL OF PRESSURE IN THE EYE, A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR FOR GLAUCOMA. IN ADDITION, THE NGR PROGRAM LAUNCHED A $1,200,000 INVESTIGATION INTO THE SUITABILITY OF ALREADY EXISTING DRUGS FOR POTENTIAL ABILITY TO REPAIR OR ENHANCE VISION IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. ADDITIONAL DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. NGR-FUNDED RESEARCH WAS RECOGNIZED BY THE MEDIA THIS YEAR, INCLUDING AN NGR-SUPPORTED STRATEGY TO IMPROVING IMAGING AND DIAGNOSIS OF GLAUCOMA. MORE DETAILS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE NEWS UPDATES SECTION OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG WEBSITE.IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. GLAUCOMA IS A GROUP OF DISEASES THAT DAMAGE THE EYE'S OPTIC NERVE AND CAN RESULT IN VISION LOSS AND PERMANENT BLINDNESS. MORE THAN 3 MILLION AMERICANS AGE 40 AND OLDER HAVE GLAUCOMA. MORE THAN 60 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD HAVE THE DISEASE, AND THAT NUMBER IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE BY AS MUCH AS 20 MILLION BY 2020. WITH EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT, GLAUCOMA OFTEN CAN BE MANAGED TO PROTECT EYES FROM MORE SERIOUS VISION LOSS, BUT IT IS ESTIMATED THAT ONLY HALF OF THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH GLAUCOMA ARE AWARE THAT THEY HAVE THE DISEASE.

4d	Other program services (Describe in Schedule O.)
	(Expenses $ including grants of $ ) (Revenue $ )
4e	Total program service expenses21,209,754

1b	Sub-Total................
c	Total from continuation sheets to Part VII, Section A....
d	Total (add lines 1b and 1c)............	1,240,942	0	308,273

				(A) Total revenue	(B) Related or exempt function revenue	(C) Unrelated business revenue	(D) Revenue excluded from tax under sections 512-514
1a	Federated campaigns..1a		170,063
b	Membership dues....1b
c	Fundraising events....1c
d	Related organizations...1d
e	Government grants (contributions)1e

f	All other contributions, gifts, grants, and similar amounts not included above1f		27,776,558

g	Noncash contributions included in lines 1a-1f:$		250,671
h	Total. Add lines 1a-1f.......			27,946,621
			Business Code
2a
b
c
d
e
f	All other program service revenue .
g	Total. Add lines 2a–2f........
3	Investment income (including dividends, interest, and other similar amounts).......			739,953			739,953
4	Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds..
5	Royalties...........			313,242			313,242
		(i) Real	(ii) Personal
6a	Gross rents	580,647
b	Less: rental expenses	52,137
c	Rental income or (loss)	528,510
d	Net rental income or (loss).......			528,510			528,510
		(i) Securities	(ii) Other
7a	Gross amount from sales of assets other than inventory	8,162,692
b	Less: cost or other basis and sales expenses	7,589,608
c	Gain or (loss)	573,084
d	Net gain or (loss)..........			573,084			573,084
8a	Gross income from fundraising events (not including $ of contributions reported on line 1c). See Part IV, line 18 ..
	a
b	Less: direct expenses ...b
c	Net income or (loss) from fundraising events..
9a	Gross income from gaming activities. See Part IV, line 19 ...
	a
b	Less: direct expenses ...b
c	Net income or (loss) from gaming activities...
10a	Gross sales of inventory, less returns and allowances .
	a
b	Less: cost of goods sold ..b
c	Net income or (loss) from sales of inventory..
Miscellaneous Revenue			Business Code
11a
b
c
d	All other revenue ....
e	Total. Add lines 11a–11d ......
12	Total revenue. See Instructions......			30,101,410	0	0	2,154,789

1	Briefly describe the organization’s mission or most significant activities: BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION SEEKS TO SAVE SIGHT AND MIND.
2	Check this box
3	Number of voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1a) ........	3	10
4	Number of independent voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1b) .....	4	10
5	Total number of individuals employed in calendar year 2014 (Part V, line 2a) ......	5	54
6	Total number of volunteers (estimate if necessary) .............	6	70
7a	Total unrelated business revenue from Part VIII, column (C), line 12 ........	7a	0
b	Net unrelated business taxable income from Form 990-T, line 34 .........	7b	0


				(A) Beginning of year		(B) End of year
1	Cash–non-interest-bearing .............			6,219,243	1	5,217,965
2	Savings and temporary cash investments .........			395,903	2	1,488,438
3	Pledges and grants receivable, net ...........			4,284,603	3	3,475,213
4	Accounts receivable, net .............				4
5	Loans and other receivables from current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees. Complete Part II of Schedule L ..................
					5
6	Loans and other receivables from other disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)), persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B), and contributing employers and sponsoring organizations of section 501(c)(9) voluntary employees' beneficiary organizations (see instructions) Complete Part II of Schedule L
					6
7	Notes and loans receivable, net .............				7
8	Inventories for sale or use ..............			16,291	8	20,406
9	Prepaid expenses and deferred charges ..........			46,374	9	168,207
10a	Land, buildings, and equipment: cost or other basis. Complete Part VI of Schedule D	10a	11,552,311
b	Less: accumulated depreciation .....	10b	2,789,407	8,385,084	10c	8,762,904
11	Investments—publicly traded securities ..........			24,677,383	11	28,848,414
12	Investments—other securities. See Part IV, line 11 .....			3,425,000	12	4,261,131
13	Investments—program-related. See Part IV, line 11 .....				13
14	Intangible assets ...............				14
15	Other assets. See Part IV, line 11 ...........			731,794	15	609,973
16	Total assets. Add lines 1 through 15 (must equal line 34)......			48,181,675	16	52,852,651
17	Accounts payable and accrued expenses .........			689,531	17	513,453
18	Grants payable .................			14,604,652	18	17,587,396
19	Deferred revenue ................				19
20	Tax-exempt bond liabilities .............				20
21	Escrow or custodial account liability. Complete Part IV of Schedule D..				21
22	Loans and other payables to current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, highest compensated employees, and disqualified
	persons. Complete Part II of Schedule L..........				22
23	Secured mortgages and notes payable to unrelated third parties ..				23
24	Unsecured notes and loans payable to unrelated third parties ....				24
25	Other liabilities (including federal income tax, payables to related third parties, and other liabilities not included on lines 17-24). Complete Part X of Schedule D....................			1,534,970	25	1,586,777
26	Total liabilities. Add lines 17 through 25.........			16,829,153	26	19,687,626
	Organizations that follow SFAS 117 (ASC 958), check here and complete lines 27 through 29, and lines 33 and 34.
27	Unrestricted net assets ..............			18,308,429	27	20,298,753
28	Temporarily restricted net assets ...........			12,954,093	28	12,776,272
29	Permanently restricted net assets ...........			90,000	29	90,000
	Organizations that do not follow SFAS 117 (ASC 958), check here and complete lines 30 through 34.
30	Capital stock or trust principal, or current funds ........				30
31	Paid-in or capital surplus, or land, building or equipment fund .....				31
32	Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated income, or other funds				32
33	Total net assets or fund balances ...........			31,352,522	33	33,165,025
34	Total liabilities and net assets/fund balances ........			48,181,675	34	52,852,651

1	Was the organization a U.S. transferor of property to a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes,"the organization may be required to file Form 926, Return by a U.S. Transferor of Property to a Foreign Corporation (see Instructions for Form 926)......................................	Yes	No
2	Did the organization have an interest in a foreign trust during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 3520, Annual Return to Report Transactions with Foreign Trusts and Receipt of Certain Foreign Gifts, and/or Form 3520-A, Annual Information Return of Foreign Trust With a U.S. Owner (see Instructions for Forms 3520 and 3520-A; do not file with Form 990)............................	Yes	No
3	Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 5471, Information Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Corporations. (see Instructions for Form 5471)..............................	Yes	No
4	Was the organization a direct or indirect shareholder of a passive foreign investment company or a qualified electing fund during the tax year? If “Yes,” the organization may be required to file Form 8621, Information Return by a Shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund. (see Instructions for Form 8621)...............................................	Yes	No
5	Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign partnership during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 8865, Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Partnerships. (see Instructions for Form 8865)....................................	Yes	No
6	Did the organization have any operations in or related to any boycotting countries during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 5713, International Boycott Report (see Instructions for Form 5713; do not file with Form 990).....................................	Yes	No

(a) Name, address, and EIN (if applicable) of disregarded entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Total income	(e) End-of-year assets	(f) Direct controlling entity
(1) NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LLC 22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE CLARKSBURG,MD20871 23-7337229	PROPERTY RENTAL AND MANAGEMENT	MD	528,510	4,616,168	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION
(2) AMERICAN HEALTH ASSISTANCE LLC 22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE CLARKSBURG,MD20871 23-7337229	OWNER OF BRIGHTFOCUS HEADQUARTERS	MD	0	4,140,165	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	(g) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	Yes	No

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No

(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(e) Are all partners section 501(c)(3) organizations?		(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	Yes	No	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No