Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
See separate instructions.
Information about Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.
| (i) Name of supported organization | (ii) EIN | (iii) Type of organization (described on lines 1- 9 above or IRC section (see instructions)) | (iv) Is the organization in col. (i) listed in your governing document? | (v) Did you notify the organization in col. (i) of your support? | (vi) Is the organization in col. (i) organized in the U.S.? | (vii) Amount of monetary support | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | ||||
| Total | |||||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2009 | (b) 2010 | (c) 2011 | (d) 2012 | (e) 2013 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") .... | 89,098,856 | 90,868,194 | 92,736,241 | 110,866,444 | 116,474,388 | 500,044,123 |
| 2 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf....... | 0 | |||||
| 3 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge.. | 0 | |||||
| 4 | Total. Add lines 1 through 3 | 89,098,856 | 90,868,194 | 92,736,241 | 110,866,444 | 116,474,388 | 500,044,123 |
| 5 | The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f).. | 46,751,030 | |||||
| 6 | Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4. | 453,293,093 | |||||
Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2009 | (b) 2010 | (c) 2011 | (d) 2012 | (e) 2013 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Amounts from line 4.. | 89,098,856 | 90,868,194 | 92,736,241 | 110,866,444 | 116,474,388 | 500,044,123 |
| 8 | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources... | 2,014,393 | 2,428,824 | 2,630,293 | 3,665,731 | 4,253,331 | 14,992,572 |
| 9 | Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.. | ||||||
| 10 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part IV.).. | 424,758 | 469,380 | 952,877 | 716,019 | 657,852 | 3,220,886 |
| 11 | Total support (Add lines 7 through 10). | 518,317,682 | |||||






Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2009 | (b) 2010 | (c) 2011 | (d) 2012 | (e) 2013 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") . | ||||||
| 2 | Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose...... | ||||||
| 3 | Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513.. | ||||||
| 4 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf... | ||||||
| 5 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge.. | ||||||
| 6 | Total. Add lines 1 through 5. | ||||||
| 7a | Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons... | ||||||
| b | Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 7a and 7b.. | ||||||
| 8 | Public support (Subtract line 7c from line 6.) | ||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2009 | (b) 2010 | (c) 2011 | (d) 2012 | (e) 2013 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | Amounts from line 6... | ||||||
| 10a | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources.. | ||||||
| b | Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 10a and 10b. | ||||||
| 11 | Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on. | ||||||
| 12 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part IV.) .. | ||||||
| 13 | Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.).. | ||||||




| Facts And Circumstances Test |
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| Explanation |
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| Software ID: | |
| Software Version: |
Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
Information about Schedule O (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at| Return Reference | Explanation |
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| GOVERNING BODY AND MANAGEMENT | Line 1B - The NRDC Board of Trustees is comprised of 42 independent voting Board Members. Board of Trustees member, John Adams, is not independent by virtue of receiving compensation from the organization. Board of Trustees Members, laurance Rockefeller and Wendy Neu, are not independent because of the relationships disclosed on Schedule L of the Form 990. LINE 2 - Board of Trustees Members, Frederick A.O. Schwarz, Jr. and Frederica Perera, have a family relationship. Board of Trustees Member, Sarah Cogan and officers Maripat Alpuche and Lauren Colasacco, have a business relationship. Board of Trustees Members, Wendy Neu, Josie Merck and Jonathan Rose have a business relationship. Board of Trustees members, Eric Wepsic and Max Stone, have a business relationship. Board of Trustees members, Jonathan Rose and Shelly Malkin, have a business relationship. Form 990, Part VI, Lines 7a & B Line 7A - NRDC's members are entitled, as part of their membership, to elect individuals to the NRDC Board of Trustees. Line 7B - The NRDC Board of Trustees acts autonomously. Nevertheless, NRDC's members have certain approval rights pursuant to the New York Not-for-Profit Corporation Law, including, approval over any amendments to NRDC's certificate of incorporation. |
| 990 REVIEW PROCESS | Form 990, part VI, section B, Line 11 The Form 990 was prepared by a nationally recognized accounting firm in conjunction with the organization's senior management and audit committee of the Board of Trustees. A copy of the Draft Form 990 was presented to the Audit Committee of the Board of Trustees for discussion and comment. Once the Audit Committee approved the Form 990 for filing, a copy was circulated to the full Board of Trustees for their review. Each Board Member was provided opportunity to comment on the information contained in the Form 990 prior to its filing with the Internal Revenue Service. conflict of interest policy enforcement and monitoring form 990, part VI, Section B, LINE 12 Each officer, director, trustee and key employee of the organization is required to annually disclose any conflicts of interest that arise by virtue of employment, board service, or position with the organization. The organization monitors compliance with its conflict of interest policy through an annual questionnaire/disclosure statement that is distributed to these individuals. Potential conflicts are investigated immediately. Process for determining compensation form 990, part VI, section B, LINE 15 The organization undertakes a thorough process to ensure that the executive compensation it pays to its top management official and all of its officers and key employees is reasonable, given the market in which the organization operates. In relevant part, the Board of Trustees has established a Compensation Committee of independent persons that have no personal interest in the proposed compensation. The Compensation committee contracts with a compensation consultant to complete a market assessment and competitive position analysis for the organization's top executives. The compensation consultant utilizes comparability and benchmarking surveys to ensure that the organization compensates its executives commensurate with the market. Compensation decisions and reports are contemporaneously documented in the minutes of the meeting of the Committee when the decisions are made. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 | The organization makes its Form 990 available to the public by retaining a copy at its place of business. The Form 990 and audited financial statements are likewise published on NRDC's website at www.nrdc.org. The organization's governing documents and conflict of interest policy may be provided at management's discretion, if requested. Form 990, Part XI Reconciliation of Net Assets Other Changes in Net Assets or Fund Balances Change in Value of Interest Rate Swap Agreements $114,165 Change in Value of Split-Interest Agreements 966,262 Pension related activity other than net periodic expense 312,710 Net Income of NRDC Limited (See Sched R) (4,518) -------------- Total Other Changes in Net Assets - $1,388,620 |
| part III, line 4 | The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is the most effective and influential environmental organization in the United States and around the world. Combining the grassroots power of more than 1.5 million members and online activists with courtroom clout, advocacy, and the expertise of nearly 500 scientists, advocates, lawyers and other professionals, we fight the fights that are too important to lose. NRDC's priorities are: - Curbing global warming and creating a clean energy future $47,334,535 - Reviving the world's oceans $11,070,444 - Defending endangered wildlife and wild places $14,868,500 - Protecting public health by preventing pollution $9,727,348 - Ensuring safe and sufficient water $6,245,246 - Fostering sustainable communities $8,455,303 NRDC transforms markets and changes laws at the federal and state levels. We collaborate with businesses, elected leaders, and community groups and challenge those who poison our people or lands. Over the past year, we successfully helped shape action by the federal government, state and local governments, and governments and corporations in other countries to reduce energy, water, and material waste; accelerate clean energy and transportation solutions; improve industrial practices and redirect innovation toward cleaner processes; and foster smarter protections of our natural resources. |
| Curbing Climate Change and Creating a Clean Energy Future | In the United States, we've experienced crippling drought and superstorms. We've seen the toll of lost harvests and destroyed communities. Globally, we face extensive melting sea ice and glaciers, widening desertification, and rising sea levels. If we do not act to curb climate change immediately, the results will be devastating. This year we saw promising steps in the fight against climate change: the Environmental Protection Administration proposed new carbon emission limits for U.S. power plants that will reduce CO2 emissions (from 2005 levels) by 30 percent by 2030, save consumers billions and create hundreds of thousands of jobs. We helped the Department of Defense develop guidelines to move military bases to 25 percent renewable energy by 2025. We helped slash the energy use of home electronics, cut carbon pollution from the state to international levels, and create a global index for climate-conscious investors. Here is how NRDC battled climate change this year: Aspects of a plan drafted by experts in NRDC's Climate Center were widely cited as influential in the environmental protection agency's proposal in June 2014 of the first-ever national standards for reducing carbon pollution from power plants, called the Clean Power Plan. Scheduled to take effect starting in 2020, the standards will represent the most important steps that the United States has taken to slow climate change. They will save billions of dollars and thousands of lives. While the plan announced by the Environmental Protection Agency has received nearly 4 million public comments, NRDC supports the agency's initiative to set the standards, while pushing for them to be stronger than the original EPA proposal. An NRDC analysis, released days before President Obama unveiled the Clean Power Plan, showed that these standards can save American households and business customers $37.4 billion on their electric bills in 2020 while creating more than 274,000 jobs. In a report in fall 2014, NRDC found that the EPA's Clean Power Plan can achieve 50% greater carbon pollution reductions for essentially the same cost as the original June 2014 proposal Where the EPA estimated that including health and environmental benefits with compliance costs, its proposal would actually produce net benefits of up to $50 billion in 2020 and up to $84 billion in 2030. NRDC's analysis shows that the net benefits would be $9 billion higher than EPA's estimates in 2020 and $15 billion higher than estimates in 2030. NRDC, worked with the FTSE Group (the global index provider) and blackrock which launched a groundbreaking equity global index series that will exclude companies linked to exploration, ownership or extraction of carbon-based fossil fuel reserves. The new investment tool will allow climate-conscious investors, including foundations, universities and certain pension groups, to match their investment strategy and financial interests with their values. This ground-breaking series is the first to implement total exclusion of fossil fuel-linked stocks so that these enterprises are removed entirely from the constituency. The global benchmark includes over 2,000 securities across 25 countries. Edison Electric Institute (EEI) and NRDC announced a joint agreement to advance utility policies that benefit all electricity customers and the environment. The agreement urges state utility regulators to adopt policies including new rate designs to ensure utilities help customers adopt distributed generation technologies and use energy more efficiently while remaining financially whole, thereby assuring that costs will not be shifted unreasonably to customers. NRDC helped win a New Jersey state court ruling that the Christie Administration broke the law when it dropped out of the northeastern states' joint program to curb dangerous climate-changing pollution from power plants, called the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. In a first-of-its-kind primer, NRDC and the Department of Defense (DOD) created guidelines for developing renewable energy on and around military ranges, airspace, and installations. The guidelines are designed to better screen solar and wind projects and avoid potential conflicts with military operations or sensitive environmental areas. The DOD plans to get 25 percent of its energy from renewables by 2025. NRDC, other energy-efficiency advocates, the U.S. Department of Energy, the pay-TV industry and equipment manufacturers entered into an agreement in December 2013 to reduce national electricity use of new set-top boxes by $1 billion each year. Once in full effect, the agreement will save three power plants' worth of electricity and prevent the emission of 5 million tons of carbon pollution each year. NRDC's India Initiative is working to achieve enormous energy and cost savings through stronger building efficiency codes and rating programs for India's commercial buildings. With NRDC's assistance, Andhra Pradesh, India's fourth-largest state, announced adoption in January 2015 of an Energy Conservation Building Code for large commercial and public buildings and major retrofits that will cut energy consumption by as much as 40-60 percent, increase electricity reliability, and save consumers money. In March, the California Energy Commission announced that it will establish efficiency standards for 15 product categories including lighting, consumer electronics, and water-using products, that will result in $2 billion in energy bill savings in the state and nationwide. NRDC was an active participant and was among the utilities, manufacturers and other parties that created and reviewed standards for each of the products. After an extensive analysis of new government data on 2013 U.S. energy use, NRDC found that Americans are optimizing their energy use through efficiency measures. Efficiency continues to contribute more to meeting U.S. energy needs than any other resource, from oil and coal to natural gas and nuclear power. NRDC's Second Annual Energy Report, "Positive Energy Trends Bode Well for U.S. Security and the Economy," noted that the nation is already two-thirds of the way toward meeting President Obama's goal of cutting 3 billion tons of carbon pollution by 2030 through his administration's efficiency standards for appliances and federal buildings, which also will lower customer energy bills by more than $4 billion. Meanwhile, the government's proposed emissions standards for existing power plants would keep over 5.3 billion additional tons of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. But based on the nation's positive energy trends, the report says even larger reductions are feasible and cost-effective. NRDC found that under current plans, eleven Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states will be flooded with dirty gasoline derived from Canadian tar sands, with its use soaring from less than one percent in 2012 to 11.5 percent of total gasoline by 2020. NRDC warned that important carbon savings in those states would be squandered by using gasoline from tar sands, which emits 17 percent more carbon pollution than conventional gasoline measured on a life-cycle basis (from initial extraction to burning in vehicles, or "well-to-wheels".) NRDC and partners helped persuade the Supreme Court not to consider oil and ethanol companies' challenges to California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), a major component of California's clean energy and climate law. In September, NRDC president Frances Beinecke joined more than 400,000 marchers in New York City for the People's Climate March. Beinecke called them to action: "After over forty years in the trenches of the environmental movement, I've never been more inspired and awe-struck. The energy was electric and the turnout unprecedented. Today proves global support for climate action is undeniable. A swell of humanity has spoken as one: The time to act on climate is now." In November the U.S. Senate defeated an effort to approve the Keystone XL tar sands pipeline, despite ongoing and fierce lobbying efforts by the oil industry and its allies. The bill would have turned Congress into a permitting authority, overriding environmental law and giving a greenlight to the pipeline all in a single strike. NRDC applauded the Senate for rejecting the misguided bill and continued its advocacy with President Obama to reject the pipeline outright. Shell Gulf of Mexico Inc. and Shell Offshore Inc. sought to sidestep environmental regulation by preemptively suing NRDC and other groups, as the court saw it "seek[ing] to confirm its lawfulness by suing those who it believes are likely to challenge it." Shell obtained approval from the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement for two oil spill response plans and claimed that it needed swift determination of the legality of the approval (without worrying about environmental groups fighting to overturn that approval) so that it could conduct exploratory drilling. Shell has already demonstrated over the cour |
| Reviving the World's Oceans | Ever vulnerable to overfishing, destructive fishing practices, acidification, plastic pollution, and offshore energy development, the world's oceans are in trouble. NRDC has worked for decades to restore and protect our ocean habitats, and this year we scored some major victories: After five years of intensive work, with NRDC partnering with government agencies including NOAA and the Coast Guard, industry and researchers, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) released voluntary guidelines intended to reduce underwater noise from commercial ships globally. Ocean noise has been a growing problem for the world's whales, dolphins and marine mammals as increased shipping traffic and other factors have impeded the animals' ability to communicate, avoid predators, find mates and maintain their awareness in the darkness of the sea. The IMO's new guidelines are an important step and NRDC will work with shippers to help meet them. At the same time that President Obama announced a comprehensive six-month review of steps the U.S. can take to stop illegal fishing, he proposed expanding protections in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, a step NRDC and our supporters advocated for. The protections would provide a safe haven for coral gardens, seamounts, and the rich waters that support hundreds of species of fish, sea turtles, giant clams, dolphins, whales and sharks, conserving them for future generations. In the report, "Net Loss: The Killing of Marine Mammals in Foreign Fisheries," NRDC found that more than 650,000 marine mammals are killed or seriously injured every year in foreign fisheries after being hooked, entangled or trapped in fishing gear. Moreover, NRDC found that 91 percent of seafood consumed in the U.S. is imported, and nearly every foreign fish product sold in the U.S. violates a federal marine mammal protection law. NRDC recommends smart and targeted methods that can be employed to reduce risk and harm to marine mammals from dangerous gear, including time and area exclusions, warning systems, and gear modifications that make escaping entanglement more likely. An aggressive, science-based plan adopted by the U.S. in 1994 has reduced marine mammal bycatch by nearly 30% over 20 years and put special measures in place to save populations at highest risk. For other countries to take action, the National Marine Fisheries Service, the federal agency with jurisdiction over the interpretation and enforcement of the Marine Mammals Protection Act, needs to hold other nations to the same bycatch standards. NRDC and its coalition partners Clean Ocean Action, Hackensack Riverkeeper, Heal the Bay, NY/NJ Baykeeper, Riverkeeper and Waterkeeper Alliance, have urged protections for the more than 180 million people who visit America's coastal and Great Lakes beaches every year. In July, the U.S. EPA announced stronger National Beach Guidance for all states to adopt the most protective swimmer safety threshold-a Beach Action Value (BAV)-for water quality monitoring and notification practices in order to receive federal BEACH Act funding. The EPA expects the strongest safe-to-swim threshold to be implemented by grantee states to be eligible for FY16 funding. |
| Defending Endangered Wildlife and Wild Places | Energy exploitation, industrialization, overhunting, and reckless population management have imperiled some of our most iconic species and most precious stretches of untouched habitat. Through litigation, advocacy, research, and our BioGems Initiative, NRDC has defended some of the planet's most threatened species and their habitats. Several long-term efforts came to fruition this year with the protection of some of the world's most fragile, precious and contentiously fought-over wild places: Since 2009, NRDC has been part of an unparalleled opposition to the giant Pebble Mine proposed for the Bristol Bay region of southwest Alaska, potentially the largest copper and gold mine in North America, but also located at the headwaters of the Bristol Bay fishery-the most productive wild salmon fishery in the world. We've worked in coalition with Alaskan residents and advocates from around the world, and in early April, one of the globe's largest mining companies, Rio Tinto, announced that it is abandoning Pebble Mine. In 2011, Mitsubishi Corporation sold its interest, and in 2013, Anglo American withdrew from its 50 percent partnership in the project. Instead of selling its interest, Rio Tinto announced it would equally divide its shares between two Alaskan charitable foundations: the Alaska Community Foundation to fund educational and vocational training and the Bristol Bay Native Corporation Education Foundation, which supports educational and cultural programs in the region. After a years-long battle leading to Rio Tinto's withdrawal, and after repeated and urgent requests from the tribes and communities of Bristol Bay asking the EPA to use its authority under the federal Clean Water Act to protect them and their communities, the wild salmon and other natural resources of the region, and their way of life, in July the EPA formally proposed limitations that would block the massive, ill-conceived Pebble Mine project. Chile's Patagonia region is one of the world's last vast expanses of wilderness and the HidroAysn project-five controversial dams proposed on two of Chilean Patagonia's wildest rivers-has been the center of an eight-year environmental campaign waged by the Patagonia Defense Council (PDC), a coalition of nearly seventy Chilean and international organizations, including NRDC and International Rivers. In June, Chile's Committee of Ministers, the country's highest administrative authority, cancelled the environmental permits for HidroAysn. It was a major victory for Chileans and the tens of thousands of people around the world who oppose building large, unsustainable dams in wild Patagonia-and for those who think that Chile can be a global clean energy leader by developing its remarkable potential for renewables and energy efficiency. NRDC filed a lawsuit in response to the EPA's approval of "Enlist Duo," a combination of two herbicides: glyphosate (initially marketed as Roundup) and 2,4-D, an older, toxic herbicide. Glyphosate is the chief cause of a dramatic decline in monarch butterfly populations and 2,4-D, a herbicide developed in the 1940s, has been linked to health impacts in humans, including decreased fertility, birth defects and thyroid problems. In addition to seeking restrictions on the use of herbicides like glyphosate that destroy milkweed, a plant that monarchs depend for survival, NRDC is working to develop "butterfly highways" by promoting the planting of milkweed along the monarchs' migration routes. NRDC's artist-in-residence, Jenny Kendler also debuted a provocative new piece at Marfa Dialogues in St. Louis. The piece, a mobile food cart entitled "Milkweed Dispersal Balloons," tackled the vexing issue of pollinator declines in the Midwest and drew attention to the issue as she went throughout the city distributing biodegradable balloons filled with milkweed seeds along with instructions on how to disperse the seeds to create monarch food patches. Following a powerful advocacy effort by NRDC and our partners, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo signed a law on World Elephant Day banning the trade of ivory antiques in the state and increasing penalties for traffickers, a move that can help curb the ongoing slaughter of African elephants for their tusks. While the sale of new ivory has been banned nationwide for years, poachers have been able to continue sneaking it onto store shelves under the guise of "antiques." New York is the largest ivory market in the nation, and the U.S. market trails only China on a global scale. NRDC filed an emergency petition with the EPA, noting mounting scientific evidence that certain pesticides, neonicotinoids or "neonics," are toxic to bees and threaten both individual and population survival, with exposure to neonics linked to a phenomenon known as "colony collapse disorder." Neonics comprise roughly 25 percent of the global agrochemical market and are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world today. NRDC's petition asks the EPA to launch an immediate one-year review of neonics' impact on bees, to determine if the pesticides' use should be prohibited on bee-pollinated crops and ornamental plants-including shrubs and plants sold to consumers as "bee-friendly." LG Electronics has planned a massive office tower that, if constructed as planned, would forever taint one of the most iconic scenic vistas in the nation, Palisades Interstate Park along the Hudson River. NRDC moved to join a lawsuit against LG Electronics as an intervener, challenging the company's plan to build a 143-foot tower on the crest of the Palisades cliffs north of the bridge. By rising 90 feet above the tree line, the proposed building would spoil parkland and vistas enjoyed by millions from parks, parkways, pathways and bridges on both sides of the Hudson River. It would unnecessarily sacrifice a revered American landmark initially rescued from demolition 120 years ago by Theodore Roosevelt and citizens in New Jersey and New York. |
| Protecting Human Health by Preventing Pollution | NRDC has battled to improve public health for a generation. Even as we work to reduce and eliminate dangerous chemicals in our products, food, air, water and soil, powerful corporations continue flouting the public good in the name of profit. Here are some of the battles we've fought and won this year: The New York City Housing Authority will take majors steps to address the city's severe and pervasive mold and moisture problem in its public housing stock, thanks to a settlement agreement reached in a class action lawsuit filed by NRDC and the National Center for Law and Economic Justice (NCLEJ) on behalf of affected tenants. NRDC and NCLEJ filed a class action lawsuit on behalf of residents of New York City public housing who have asthma and excessive mold and moisture in their apartments that exacerbate their symptoms. The settlement agreement will apply to all public housing residents in the city. A ruling in the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in favor of NRDC served as a significant victory in the effort to remove potentially harmful nanosilver from textiles such as baby blankets. The court said the EPA had improperly approved the use of nanosilver by one U.S. textile manufacturer and agreed with NRDC that the EPA didn't follow its own rules for determining whether the pesticide's use in products would be safe. For seven years, NRDC has been working to reform California's upholstered furniture flammability standard, using scientific evidence to support fire safety without the use of toxic flame retardant chemicals. In November 2013, California Governor Jerry Brown announced the state's new flammability standards for upholstered furniture, and in August 2014, the California legislature voted for SB 1019, which requires furniture's attached label to clearly declare the presence or absence of added flame retardants. NRDC and several other groups petitioned the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to ban several toxic chemicals, including perfluorocarboxylates (PFCs) that are allowed in food packaging, used to reduce static in dry food packaging and to keep grease out of pizza boxes and sandwich wrappers. NRDC cited 14 new studies supporting the FDA's own concerns that compounds including PFCs may harm pre-natal and post-natal development, the reproductive system of males, and possibly the reproductive system of females. Governor Jerry Brown vetoed SB 835, a bill that would have replicated flawed federal guidelines aimed at reducing certain uses of antibiotics for raising livestock in California. This was after NRDC and numerous other public interest groups urged Governor Jerry Brown to veto the bill, seeing it as nothing short of a fig leaf solution for a rampant problem. Like the federal guidelines it mimicked, SB 835 would have required pharmaceutical companies to eliminate the use of antibiotics for "growth promotion," but allow many of the same drugs to be used routinely under other label categories. NRDC stepped up its campaign to compel poultry producer Foster Farms to commit to safe antibiotic use. In November, we put up a billboard near the company's corporate headquarters in Livingston, CA, asking "Foster Farms, is your antibiotic use safe for your littlest customers?" Photos of the billboard appeared in Central Valley newspapers and we also ran a print version in the Modesto Bee. Foster Farms responded to reporters saying that it was now planning to expand its line of antibiotic-free products, and the company and NRDC are now discussing their overall antibiotic use policy. According to agency records NRDC obtained, the FDA quietly allowed 30 potentially harmful antibiotics, including 18 rated as "high risk," to remain on the market as additives in farm animal feed and water-despite an internal review that raised significant red flags. NRDC found and reported that the data show the use of these drugs in livestock likely exposes humans to antibiotic-free products, and the company and NRDC are now discussing their overall antibiotic use policy. FDA's scientific reviews of these antibiotics occurred between 2001 and 2010, yet the drugs remain approved and, in many cases, on the market for use in industrial animal agriculture operations. NRDC microbiologists and analysts called on FDA to resolve its breach of responsibility and public trust at a time that antibiotic resistance in humans has reached a crisis point, threatening the efficacy of many life-saving drugs. NRDC analysis showed that as wildfires worsen with climate change, those blazes will endanger not only those near the fires but millions of Americans will be affected from smoke that can drift hundreds of miles. The study, "Where There's Fire, There's Smoke," was based on smoke data from the 2011 wildfire season, one of the worst in recent decades. The report found that the area affected by smoke is 50 times greater than the area burned by fire. About two-thirds of Americans-nearly 212 million people-lived in counties affected by smoke conditions in 2011. Many states had large wildfires that year, but the study found that among the top 20 most affected states, six with no major fires nonetheless had to cope with more than a week of medium- to high-density smoke conditions during the year. These far-reaching and unexpected consequences are another reason the U.S. needs to curb the pollution driving climate change. The New York Court of Appeals upheld communities' right to use traditional local zoning laws to keep fracking out of their borders if they so choose. The ruling came in two cases decided jointly-one brought by an oil company and the other a dairy farm that wanted to lease its land-challenging the towns of Dryden and Middlefield's decisions to ban the industrial activity there. NRDC helped defend this right by filing an amicus brief in support of the towns and NRDC's Community Fracking Defense Project continues fighting to empower communities around the country to take similar action to protect themselves when states or the federal government have yet to do so. In a related effort, NRDC's report, "Drilling in California: Who's at Risk?," analyzed California environmental health data to identify the people who are already-or will likely be-most impacted by drilling, particularly if the oil and gas industry succeeds in expanding fracking and other controversial extraction techniques around the state. The report reveals that 14 percent of the state's population-5.4 million Californians-already lives within a mile of at least one oil or gas well. Of that group, 69 percent-3.7 million residents-are people of color. Residents of these heavily polluted communities already suffer higher rates of illnesses made worse by pollution and are at a higher risk for further health impacts if the state sees a boom in drilling because fracking-related pollution has been linked to respiratory and neurological problems, birth defects, and cancer. All of these findings underscore the need for a time-out on fracking and other dangerous oil and gas extraction in California. |
| Ensuring Safe and Sufficient Water | Clean and plentiful water is the cornerstone of a prosperous community. NRDC has spearheaded efforts to protect our water supply-by defending it against pollution and ensuring it is used efficiently. Over the past year, we achieved these milestones: Back in 2008, NRDC and Los Angeles Waterkeeper initiated a lawsuit to hold Los Angeles County liable for untreated stormwater pollution in local waterways. The Supreme Court previously remanded the case to the Ninth Circuit Court, which sided with NRDC and Waterkeeper last August. In an attempt to shirk its responsibility for cleaning up the region's chronically polluted waterways, the County petitioned the Supreme Court for review in January 2014, but in May, the U.S. Supreme Court declined the request to review the Ninth Circuit ruling. Denying review of the case allows the lower court ruling to remain in place and holds Los Angeles County liable for water pollution, with documented and persistent violations of its Clean Water Act permit in the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Rivers since 2003. This final resolution of liability now obligates Los Angeles County to take immediate action to clean up its stormwater runoff and protect people and water quality. In January, the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipefitting Industry (UA) and NRDC reached an agreement on a landmark proposal to save energy and water in new buildings. In April, plumbing inspectors, manufacturers, engineers, contractors, labor representatives and other industry technical experts in Las Vegas voted overwhelmingly to make a change to the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Uniform Plumbing Code, which will ensure hot water pipes in new homes and commercial buildings are insulated. Overall, insulation of hot water pipes will shorten the amount of time spent waiting for hot water at showers and faucets, and cut hot water waste by 15 to 30 percent. Months after NRDC's release of "The Untapped Potential of California's Water Supply," state legislative leaders approved a $7.5 billion water bond to provide clean drinking water for disadvantaged communities and provide $1.5 billion for water recycling, stormwater capture, water efficiency and other local water supply projects like those advocated for by NRDC. The measure, Proposition 1, was passed by voters in November and represents a major investment in 21st century solutions like groundwater cleanup, water recycling and water use efficiency that NRDC has long advocated for in the state. The U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled to uphold a federal plan of protection for California's vital Delta ecosystem, siding with NRDC, Earthjustice, the Bay Institute and the federal government in its determination that protections are needed for the threatened delta smelt-a bellwether species that indicates the health of the vital San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary. In another victory that came after years of litigation (starting in 1988) and led by NRDC, this April, for the first time in over 60 years, spring run Chinook salmon returned to the San Joaquin River when 54,000 juveniles were released into California's second largest river. NRDC also argued for a proposed new clean water rule in more than 60 pages of formal comments submitted to the EPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NRDC argued the new rule would offer significantly increased protections to waterways that help filter pollution, curb flooding, provide fishing and swimming opportunities, and connect drinking water to more than 100 million Americans. The proposal received more than 775,000 supportive comments from advocates and the public since it was proposed in April. NRDC also found success in the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals when a unanimous eleven-judge panel sided with NRDC, California Trout, San Francisco Baykeeper, Friends of the River and The Bay Institute by overturning two earlier court rulings that upheld the federal government's renewal of several dozen long-term water supply contracts for diversions from the Bay-Delta ecosystem in 2004 and 2005. The court concluded that renewal of these water supply contracts by the Bureau of Reclamation violated the Endangered Species Act. NRDC and Center for Neighborhood Technology worked with the Illinois legislature and Governor Patrick Quinn's administration to develop legislation to help Illinois' cities better prepare for the impacts of climate change. The resulting Clean Water Initiative, which was signed into law in July, provides much needed financial support for communities in Illinois to improve their stormwater, wastewater, and drinking water infrastructure, while also helping make those essential systems better prepared to deal with the impacts of climate change. |
| Fostering Sustainable Communities | This year in our work on behalf of communities, we bought together major cities to slash energy use. We fought to protect communities from polluted air. We worked with schools to secure safer, more sustainable food in cafeterias and solar energy to light classrooms. We stood for innovations in energy efficiency, and helped Chicago Southside residents take on the Koch Brothers. We represented communities and helped them raise their voices against environmental injustice: Mayors from 10 major U.S. cities announced they would undertake a united effort to significantly boost energy efficiency in their buildings, a move that combined could cut as much climate change pollution as generated by 1 million to 1.5 million passenger vehicles every year, and lower energy bills by nearly $1 billion annually. The mayors will be participating in the new City Energy Project (CEP), an initiative from NRDC and the Institute for Market Transformation that is designed to create healthier, more prosperous American cities by targeting their largest source of energy use and climate pollution: buildings. The following 10 cities will be CEP's first participants: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver, Houston, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Orlando, Philadelphia and Salt Lake City. The Urban School Food Alliance (The Alliance), a coalition of the largest school districts in the United States that includes New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami-Dade, Dallas and Orlando, announced an antibiotic-free standard for companies to follow when supplying chicken products to its schools. NRDC, a nonprofit partner of the Alliance, helped develop the antibiotic-free standard. Serving nearly 2.9 million students daily, Alliance members procure more than $550 million in food and supplies annually. The coalition aims to use its joint purchasing power and influence to help drive down nationwide costs, while setting higher standards for the quality of food served in its schools. The Alliance seeks to ensure that students receive the highest quality meals and that exceed minimum United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) guidelines. The Alliance's landmark action focuses on chicken because it is one of the most popular items served at cafeterias across the country. NRDC announced the first-ever crowdfunding campaign to support a new initiative to help schools purchase and install rooftop solar systems that can provide clean, renewable energy. The crowdfunding campaign raised over $54,000 through the crowdfunding site Indiegogo to help three to five schools move forward with solar rooftop projects. For its new Midwest office in Chicago, NRDC worked with Studio Gang Architects on an office space that raises the bar for buildings in Chicago and across the nation. In addition to its LEED Platinum rating, the new NRDC office is the first project of its kind to meet the Living Building Challenge, a rigorous certification program that exceeds the environmental standards of the LEED system. A U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia rejected challenges to EPA's safeguards under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. NRDC intervened in the case and defended the EPA's soot standards. The Court of Appeals decision decisively rejected a number of attacks on EPA's latest health-based clean air standards for fine particulate matter (soot). In weeks surrounding this ruling, EPA's efforts to protect public health, based on sound science, were upheld in two other major court cases: safeguards to protect the health of people who live downwind from power plant smokestacks in other states, and limits on the emissions of mercury and other dangerous toxins from power plants. In April, Chicago's City Council voted to prohibit more oil refining waste storage sites from blighting the city's neighborhoods, air and waterways with the passage of an ordinance aimed at banning new coal and petroleum coke (petcoke) operations. The ordinance is a step in the right direction, but it will not rid Southeast Side residents of the petcoke piles that continue to place a huge burden on their community, nor will it freeze the growth of these existing sites. Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel has been very clear and public in his desire to push this dirty stuff out of Chicago. Given the City's multi-pronged approach, NRDC saw the Council vote as a move forward, with ongoing, concerted effort and enforcement needed to achieve Emanuel's goal. In April, NRDC and Chicago's Southeast Environmental Task Force (SETF) mailed a letter giving a 90-day notice of intent to sue an array of companies owned by Charles and David Koch, including the KCBX Terminals Company, and Koch brothers themselves in federal court. The notice of intent to sue responds to complaints by neighbors and government authorities that dust emanating from facilities has blackened the skies of the area, invaded homes, and polluted the Calumet River. This has raised serious concerns about the health and environmental impacts of particulate matter in the surrounding communities. SETF and NRDC plan to ask the Court to order Koch to remedy the petcoke piles' health and environmental threats under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), by, among other things, funding studies to better characterize the hazards these sites present to Southeast Side residents and the environment and by taking steps to better contain threatened releases of petroleum coke and coal dusts from the sites and the vehicles that serve them. NRDC is committed to educating the public about solutions to environmental challenges. Our federal, national, and international media teams ensure that NRDC is cited in the national and international press on a daily basis. Our experts are quoted in top-tier newspapers, and we are frequent guests on leading national TV and radio news outlets. Our communications team publishes more than 120 policy documents every year, ensuring that NRDC's environmental agenda and solutions are at the forefront among the professional community. We communicate via our membership newsletter, Nature's Voice, and across digital channels supported by our English and Spanish websites. We also publish cutting-edge journalism in NRDC's independent, award-winning magazine, OnEarth. |
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