TY 2015 Form 990

(A) Name and Title	(B) Average hours per week (list any hours for related organizations below dotted line)	(C) Position (do not check more than one box, unless person is both an officer and a director/trustee)	(E) Reportable compensation from related organizations (W- 2/1099-MISC)
(1) SCOTT RODGVILLE CPA...................................................................... CHAIR	8.00 .................	X	X		0	0
(2) DIANE I MARCELLO...................................................................... VICE CHAIR	3.00 .................	X	X		0	0
(3) NICHOLAS W RAYMOND...................................................................... TREASURER	20.00 .................	X	X		0	0
(4) JUDITH F LEE...................................................................... SECRETARY	3.00 .................	X	X		0	0
(5) MICHAEL H BARNETT ESQ...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(6) MADDY DYCHTWALD...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(7) GRACE FRISONE...................................................................... DIRECTOR	6.00 .................	X			0	0
(8) JUNE KINOSHITA...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(9) HENRY J POWNALL PHD...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(10) BRIAN K REGAN PHD...................................................................... DIRECTOR	4.00 .................	X			0	0
(11) ELTJO ED R SCHOONVELD...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(12) STACY PAGOS HALLER...................................................................... PRESIDENT/CEO	55.00 .................		X		383,145	77,371
(13) GUY EAKIN PH D...................................................................... VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	45.00 .................			X	148,999	46,404
(14) DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA...................................................................... VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	45.00 .................			X	148,778	60,768
(15) MICHAEL BUCKLEY...................................................................... VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	45.00 .................			X	136,270	35,818
(16) BRIAN KLINZING...................................................................... SR. DIR. CORP. & FOUNDATION GIVING	40.00 .................			X	131,916	18,209
(17) DONNA CALLISON...................................................................... SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT	35.00 .................			X	130,943	39,895

(A) Name and business address	(B) Description of services	(C) Compensation
ROBBINS KERSTEN DIRECT INC 201 SUMMER STREET HOLLISTON,MA01746	PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSUL. & MATERIALS	6,657,988
DATA MANAGEMENT INC 160 STONE STREET STONEVILLE,NC27048	DATABASE MANAGEMENT	201,291
EU SERVICES INC 649 HORNERS LANE ROCKVILLE,MD20850	PRINTING	144,617
GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS INC 2977 STEWART LOOP UNIT B FORT MEADE,MD20755	BUILDING & OFFICE SERVICES	139,754
ECHO & COMPANY ONE DAVIS SQUARE SUITE 302 SOMERVILLE,MA02144	WEBSITE DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT	113,549
2 Total number of independent contractors (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization 8

- TIN:

SCHEDULE A
(Form 990 or 990EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Public Charity Status and Public Support

Complete if the organization is a section 501(c)(3) organization or a section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust.
right arrow

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
right arrow

Information about Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Reason for Public Charity Status (All organizations must complete this part.) See instructions.

The organization is not a private foundation because it is: (For lines 1 through 11, check only one box.)

A church, convention of churches, or association of churches described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(i).

A school described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii). (Attach Schedule E (Form 990 or 990-EZ))

A hospital or a cooperative hospital service organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iii).

A medical research organization operated in conjunction with a hospital described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iii). Enter the hospital's name, city, and state:

An organization operated for the benefit of a college or university owned or operated by a governmental unit described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iv). (Complete Part II.)

A federal, state, or local government or governmental unit described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(v).

An organization that normally receives a substantial part of its support from a governmental unit or from the general public described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi). (Complete Part II.)

A community trust described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi). (Complete Part II.)

An organization that normally receives: (1) more than 331/3% of its support from contributions, membership fees, and gross receipts from activities related to its exempt functions—subject to certain exceptions, and (2) no more than 331/3% of its support from gross investment income and unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 tax) from businesses acquired by the organization after June 30, 1975. See section 509(a)(2). (Complete Part III.)

An organization organized and operated exclusively to test for public safety. See section 509(a)(4).

An organization organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of, to perform the functions of, or to carry out the purposes of one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or section 509(a)(2). See section 509(a)(3). Check the box in lines 11a through 11d that describes the type of supporting organization and complete lines 11e, 11f, and 11g.

Type I. A supporting organization operated, supervised, or controlled by its supported organization(s), typically by giving the supported organization(s) the power to regularly appoint or elect a majority of the directors or trustees of the supporting organization. You must complete Part IV, Sections A and B.

Type II. A supporting organization supervised or controlled in connection with its supported organization(s), by having control or management of the supporting organization vested in the same persons that control or manage the supported organization(s). You must complete Part IV, Sections A and C.

Type III functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection with, and functionally integrated with, its supported organization(s) (see instructions). You must complete Part IV, Sections A, D, and E.

Type III non-functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection with its supported organization(s) that is not functionally integrated. The organization generally must satisfy a distribution requirement and an attentiveness requirement (see instructions). You must complete Part IV, Sections A and D, and Part V.

Check this box if the organization received a written determination from the IRS that it is a Type I, Type II, Type III functionally integrated, or Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organization.

Enter the number of supported organizations ..............

Provide the following information about the supported organization(s).

(i)Name of supported organization	(ii) EIN	(iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document?		(v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions)	(vi) Amount of other support (see instructions)
(i)Name of supported organization	(ii) EIN	Yes	No	(v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions)	(vi) Amount of other support (see instructions)


Total

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for
Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 11285F

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 2

Part II

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Sections 170(b)(1)(A)(iv) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 5, 7, or 8 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part III. If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part III.)

Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2011	(b) 2012	(c) 2013	(d) 2014	(e) 2015	(f) Total
1	Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any unusual grants.) ....	22,601,859	23,534,029	25,126,233	27,946,621	29,220,730	128,429,472
2	Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf.......
3	The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..
4	Total. Add lines 1 through 3	22,601,859	23,534,029	25,126,233	27,946,621	29,220,730	128,429,472
5	The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f)..
6	Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4.						128,429,472

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2011	(b) 2012	(c) 2013	(d) 2014	(e) 2015	(f) Total
7	Amounts from line 4..	22,601,859	23,534,029	25,126,233	27,946,621	29,220,730	128,429,472
8	Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources...	1,345,423	1,323,906	1,539,583	1,633,842	1,578,975	7,421,729
9	Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on..
10	Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.)..	16					16
11	Total support. Add lines 7 through 10.						135,851,217

Gross receipts from related activities, etc. (see instructions) ..................

24,125

First five years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization, check this box and stop here........................................ right arrow

Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

Public support percentage for 2015 (line 6, column (f) divided by line 11, column (f)) .........

94.540 %

Public support percentage for 2014 Schedule A, Part II, line 14 ...............

94.160 %

16a

33 1/3% support test—2015. If the organization did not check the box on line 13, and line 14 is 33 1/3% or more, check this box
and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ....................... right arrow

33 1/3% support test—2014. If the organization did not check a box on line 13 or 16a, and line 15 is 33 1/3% or more, check this
box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ..................... right arrow

17a

10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2015. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, or 16b, and line 14
is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the facts-and-circumstances test, check this box and stop here. Explain
in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported
organization ..................................................... right arrow

10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2014. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, or 17a, and line
15 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here.
Explain in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly
supported organization ................................................ right arrow

Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, 17a, or 17b, check this box and see
instructions ..................................................... right arrow

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 3

Part III

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Section 509(a)(2)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 9 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part II. If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part II.)

Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2011	(b) 2012	(c) 2013	(d) 2014	(e) 2015	(f) Total
1	Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") .
2	Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose......
3	Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513...
4	Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf...
5	The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..
6	Total. Add lines 1 through 5.
7a	Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons...
b	Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year.
c	Add lines 7a and 7b..
8	Public support. (Subtract line 7c from line 6.)

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2011	(b) 2012	(c) 2013	(d) 2014	(e) 2015	(f) Total
9	Amounts from line 6...
10a	Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources..
b	Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975.
c	Add lines 10a and 10b.
11	Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.
12	Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) ..
13	Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.)..

First five years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization,
check this box and stop here............................................. right arrow

Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

Public support percentage for 2015 (line 8, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f)) .........

Public support percentage from 2014 Schedule A, Part III, line 15 ...............

Section D. Computation of Investment Income Percentage

Investment income percentage for 2015 (line 10c, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f)) ......

Investment income percentage from 2014 Schedule A, Part III, line 17 .............

19a

331/3% support tests—2015. If the organization did not check the box on line 14, and line 15 is more than 33 1/3%, and line 17 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ....... right arrow

33 1/3% support tests—2014. If the organization did not check a box on line 14 or line 19a, and line 16 is more than 33 1/3% and line 18 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization .... right arrow

Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 14, 19a, or 19b, check this box and see instructions .... right arrow

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 4

Part IV

Supporting Organizations

(Complete only if you checked a box on line 11 of Part I. If you checked 11a of Part I, complete Sections A and B. If you checked 11b of Part I, complete Sections A and C. If you checked 11c of Part I, complete Sections A, D, and E. If you checked 11d of Part I, complete Sections A and D, and complete Part V.)

Section A. All Supporting Organizations

Yes

Are all of the organization’s supported organizations listed by name in the organization’s governing documents?
If "No," describe in Part VI how the supported organizations are designated. If designated by class or purpose,
describe the designation. If historic and continuing relationship, explain.

Did the organization have any supported organization that does not have an IRS determination of status under section 509(a)(1) or (2)? If "Yes," explain in Part VI how the organization determined that the supported organization was described in section 509(a)(1) or (2).

Did the organization have a supported organization described in section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6)? If "Yes," answer (b) and (c) below.

Did the organization confirm that each supported organization qualified under section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) and satisfied the public support tests under section 509(a)(2)? If "Yes," describe in Part VI when and how the organization made the determination.

Did the organization ensure that all support to such organizations was used exclusively for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes? If "Yes," explain in Part VI what controls the organization put in place to ensure such use.

Was any supported organization not organized in the United States ("foreign supported organization")? If “Yes” and if you checked 11a or 11b in Part I, answer (b) and (c) below.

Did the organization have ultimate control and discretion in deciding whether to make grants to the foreign supported organization? If “Yes,” describe in Part VI how the organization had such control and discretion despite being controlled or supervised by or in connection with its supported organizations.

Did the organization support any foreign supported organization that does not have an IRS determination under sections 501(c)(3) and 509(a)(1) or (2)? If “Yes,” explain in Part VI what controls the organization used to ensure that all support to the foreign supported organization was used exclusively for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes.

Did the organization add, substitute, or remove any supported organizations during the tax year? If “Yes,” answer (b) and (c) below (if applicable). Also, provide detail in Part VI, including (i) the names and EIN numbers of the supported organizations added, substituted, or removed; (ii) the reasons for each such action; (iii) the authority under the organization's organizing document authorizing such action; and (iv) how the action was accomplished (such as by amendment to the organizing document).

Type I or Type II only. Was any added or substituted supported organization part of a class already designated in the organization's organizing document?

Substitutions only. Was the substitution the result of an event beyond the organization's control?

Did the organization provide support (whether in the form of grants or the provision of services or facilities) to anyone other than (i) its supported organizations, (ii) individuals that are part of the charitable class benefited by one or more of its supported organizations, or (iii) other supporting organizations that also support or benefit one or more of the filing organization’s supported organizations? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did the organization provide a grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment to a substantial contributor (defined in section 4958(c)(3)(C)), a family member of a substantial contributor, or a 35% controlled entity with regard to a substantial contributor? If “Yes,” complete Part I of Schedule L (Form 990 or 990-EZ) .

Did the organization make a loan to a disqualified person (as defined in section 4958) not described in line 7? If “Yes,” complete Part I of Schedule L (Form 990 or 990-EZ).

Was the organization controlled directly or indirectly at any time during the tax year by one or more disqualified persons as defined in section 4946 (other than foundation managers and organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or (2))? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did one or more disqualified persons (as defined in line 9a) hold a controlling interest in any entity in which the supporting organization had an interest? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did a disqualified person (as defined in line 9a) have an ownership interest in, or derive any personal benefit from, assets in which the supporting organization also had an interest? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

10a

Was the organization subject to the excess business holdings rules of section 4943 because of section 4943(f) (regarding certain Type II supporting organizations, and all Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organizations)? If “Yes,” answer line 10b below.

10a

Did the organization have any excess business holdings in the tax year? (Use Schedule C, Form 4720, to determine whether the organization had excess business holdings).

10b

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 5

Part IV

Supporting Organizations (continued)

Yes

Has the organization accepted a gift or contribution from any of the following persons?

A person who directly or indirectly controls, either alone or together with persons described in (b) and (c) below, the governing body of a supported organization?

11a

A family member of a person described in (a) above?

11b

A 35% controlled entity of a person described in (a) or (b) above? If “Yes” to a, b, or c, provide detail in Part VI.

11c

Section B. Type I Supporting Organizations

Yes

Did the directors, trustees, or membership of one or more supported organizations have the power to regularly appoint or elect at least a majority of the organization’s directors or trustees at all times during the tax year? If “No,” describe in Part VI how the supported organization(s) effectively operated, supervised, or controlled the organization’s activities. If the organization had more than one supported organization, describe how the powers to appoint and/or remove directors or trustees were allocated among the supported organizations and what conditions or restrictions, if any, applied to such powers during the tax year.

Did the organization operate for the benefit of any supported organization other than the supported organization(s) that operated, supervised, or controlled the supporting organization? If “Yes,” explain in Part VI how providing such benefit carried out the purposes of the supported organization(s) that operated, supervised or controlled the supporting organization.

Section C. Type II Supporting Organizations

Yes

Were a majority of the organization’s directors or trustees during the tax year also a majority of the directors or trustees of each of the organization’s supported organization(s)? If “No,” describe in Part VI how control or management of the supporting organization was vested in the same persons that controlled or managed the supported organization(s).

Section D. All Type III Supporting Organizations

Yes

Did the organization provide to each of its supported organizations, by the last day of the fifth month of the organization’s tax year, (i) a written notice describing the type and amount of support provided during the prior tax year, (ii) a copy of the Form 990 that was most recently filed as of the date of notification, and (iii) copies of the organization’s governing documents in effect on the date of notification, to the extent not previously provided?

Were any of the organization’s officers, directors, or trustees either (i) appointed or elected by the supported organization(s) or (ii) serving on the governing body of a supported organization? If "No," explain in Part VI how the organization maintained a close and continuous working relationship with the supported organization(s).

By reason of the relationship described in (2), did the organization’s supported organizations have a significant voice in the organization’s investment policies and in directing the use of the organization’s income or assets at all times during the tax year? If "Yes," describe in Part VI the role the organization’s supported organizations played in this regard.

Section E. Type III Functionally-Integrated Supporting Organizations

Check the box next to the method that the organization used to satisfy the Integral Part Test during the year (see instructions):

The organization satisfied the Activities Test. Complete line 2 below.

The organization is the parent of each of its supported organizations. Complete line 3 below.

The organization supported a governmental entity. Describe in Part VI how you supported a government entity (see instructions)

Activities Test. Answer (a) and (b) below.

Yes

Did substantially all of the organization’s activities during the tax year directly further the exempt purposes of the supported organization(s) to which the organization was responsive? If "Yes," then in Part VI identify those supported organizations and explain how these activities directly furthered their exempt purposes, how the organization was responsive to those supported organizations, and how the organization determined that these activities constituted substantially all of its activities.

Did the activities described in (a) constitute activities that, but for the organization’s involvement, one or more of the organization’s supported organization(s) would have been engaged in? If "Yes," explain in Part VI the reasons for the organization’s position that its supported organization(s) would have engaged in these activities but for the organization’s involvement.

Parent of Supported Organizations. Answer (a) and (b) below.

Did the organization have the power to regularly appoint or elect a majority of the officers, directors, or trustees of each of the supported organizations? Provide details in Part VI.

Did the organization exercise a substantial degree of direction over the policies, programs and activities of each of its supported organizations? If "Yes," describe in Part VI. the role played by the organization in this regard.

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 6

Part V

Type III Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations

Check here if the organization satisfied the Integral Part Test as a qualifying trust on Nov. 20, 1970. See instructions. All other Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organizations must complete Sections A through E.

	Section A - Adjusted Net Income		(A) Prior Year	(B) Current Year (optional)
1	Net short-term capital gain	1
2	Recoveries of prior-year distributions	2
3	Other gross income (see instructions)	3
4	Add lines 1 through 3	4
5	Depreciation and depletion	5
6	Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions)	6
7	Other expenses (see instructions)	7
8	Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4)	8

	Section B - Minimum Asset Amount		(A) Prior Year	(B) Current Year (optional)
1	Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year):	1
a	Average monthly value of securities	1a
b	Average monthly cash balances	1b
c	Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets	1c
d	Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c)	1d
e	Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI):
2	Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets	2
3	Subtract line 2 from line 1d	3
4	Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 1-1/2% of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions).	4
5	Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3)	5
6	Multiply line 5 by .035	6
7	Recoveries of prior-year distributions	7
8	Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6)	8

	Section C - Distributable Amount		Current Year
1	Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A)	1
2	Enter 85% of line 1	2
3	Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A)	3
4	Enter greater of line 2 or line 3	4
5	Income tax imposed in prior year	5
6	Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions)	6

Check here if the current year is the organization's first as a non-functionally-integrated Type III supporting organization (see instructions)

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 7

Part V

Type III Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations (continued)

Section D - Distributions		Current Year
1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes
2 Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity
3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations
4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets
5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required)
6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions
7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6.
8 Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions
9 Distributable amount for 2015 from Section C, line 6
10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount

Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions)		(i) Excess Distributions	(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2015	(iii) Distributable Amount for 2015
1 Distributable amount for 2015 from Section C, line 6
2 Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2015 (reasonable cause required--see instructions)
3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2015:
a
b
c
d From 2013.......
e From 2014.......
fTotal of lines 3a through e
g Applied to underdistributions of prior years
h Applied to 2015 distributable amount
i Carryover from 2010 not applied (see instructions)
j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from 3f.
4Distributions for 2015 from Section D, line 7:
$
a Applied to underdistributions of prior years
b Applied to 2015 distributable amount
c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from 4.
5 Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2015, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2 (if amount greater than zero, see instructions)
6 Remaining underdistributions for 2015. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1 (if amount greater than zero, see instructions)
7 Excess distributions carryover to 2016. Add lines 3j and 4c.
8 Breakdown of line 7:
a
b
c Excess from 2013.......
d From 2014.......
e From 2015.......

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) (2015)

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 8

Part VI

Supplemental Information. Provide the explanations required by Part II, line 10; Part II, line 17a or 17b; Part III, line 12; Part IV, Section A, lines 1, 2, 3b, 3c, 4b, 4c, 5a, 6, 9a, 9b, 9c, 11a, 11b, and 11c; Part IV, Section B, lines 1 and 2; Part IV, Section C, line 1; Part IV, Section D, lines 2 and 3; Part IV, Section E, lines 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b; Part V, line 1; Part V, Section B, line 1e; Part V Section D, lines 5, 6, and 8; and Part V, Section E, lines 2, 5, and 6. Also complete this part for any additional information. (See instructions).

Facts And Circumstances Test

Return Reference	Explanation
SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME:	OTHER REVENUE - 2011 AMOUNT: $ 16. 2012 AMOUNT: $ 0. 2013 AMOUNT: $ 0. 2014 AMOUNT: $ 0. 2015 AMOUNT: $ 0.

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule B
(Form 990, 990-EZ,
or 990-PF)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Schedule of Contributors

Attach to Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Information about Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Organization type (check one):

Filers of:

Section:

Form 990 or 990-EZ

501(c)( ) (enter number) organization

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust not treated as a private foundation

527 political organization

Form 990-PF

501(c)(3) exempt private foundation

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust treated as a private foundation

501(c)(3) taxable private foundation

Check if your organization is covered by the General Rule or a Special Rule.
Note. Only a section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) organization can check boxes for both the General Rule and a Special Rule. See instructions.

General Rule

For an organization filing Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF that received, during the year, contributions totaling $5,000 or more (in money or other property) from any one contributor. Complete Parts I and II. See instructions for determining a contributor's total contributions.

Special Rules

For an organization described in section 501(c)(3) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that met the 33¹/3% support test of the regulations
under sections 509(a)(1) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi), that checked Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ), Part II, line 13, 16a, or 16b, and that received from any one contributor, during the year, total contributions of the greater of (1) $5,000 or (2) 2% of the amount on (i) Form 990, Part VIII, line 1h, or (ii) Form 990-EZ, line 1. Complete Parts I and II.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, total contributions of more than $1,000 exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals. Complete Parts I, II, and III.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, contributions exclusively for religious, charitable, etc., purposes, but no such contributions totaled more than $1,000. If this box is checked, enter here the total contributions that were received during the year for an exclusively religious, charitable, etc., purpose. Do not complete any of the parts unless the General Rule applies to this organization because it received nonexclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions totaling $5,000 or more during the year ......... Arrow Bullet

Caution. An organization that is not covered by the General Rule and/or the Special Rules does not file Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF), but it must answer “No” on Part IV, line 2, of its Form 990; or check the box on line H of its
Form 990-EZ or on its Form 990PF, Part I, line 2, to certify that it does not meet the filing requirements of Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF).

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions
for Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Cat. No. 30613XSchedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2015)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2015) Page 2

Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Part I	Contributors (see instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part I if additional space is needed.
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
RESTRICTED	,	$ RESTRICTED	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2015)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2015)

Page 3

Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION		Employer identification number 23-7337229

Part II	Noncash Property (see instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part II if additional space is needed.
(a) No.from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No.from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No.from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No.from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No.from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No.from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (see instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2015)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2015)

Page 4


Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION			Employer identification number 23-7337229
Part III Exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions to organizations described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) that total more than $1,000 for the year from any one contributor. Complete columns (a) through (e) and the following line entry. For organizations completing Part III, enter the total of exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions of $1,000 or less for the year. (Enter this information once. See instructions.) $ Use duplicate copies of Part III if additional space is needed.

(a)
No.from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No.from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No.from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No.from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2015)

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE C
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Political Campaign and Lobbying Activities

For Organizations Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501(c) and section 527
SchCMd Bullet

Complete if the organization is described below. SchCMd Bullet

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
SchCMd Bullet

Information about Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Open to Public
Inspection

If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 3, or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 46 (Political Campaign Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and B. Do not complete Part I-C.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c) (other than section 501(c)(3)) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and C below. Do not complete Part I-B.
Round Bullet

Section 527 organizations: Complete Part I-A only.
If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 4, or Form 990-EZ, Part VI, line 47 (Lobbying Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-A. Do not complete Part II-B.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-B. Do not complete Part II-A.
If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 5 (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions) or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 35c (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) organizations: Complete Part III.

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c) or is a section 527 organization.

Provide a description of the organization’s direct and indirect political campaign activities in Part IV.

Political expenditures ...................................................................................................................... SchCMd Bullet

Volunteer hours .............................................................................................................................

Part I-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by the organization under section 4955 ................................ SchCMd Bullet

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by organization managers under section 4955 ....................... SchCMd Bullet

If the organization incurred a section 4955 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? .........................................

Yes No

Was a correction made? ......................................................................................................................

Yes No

If "Yes," describe in Part IV.

Part I-C

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c), except section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount directly expended by the filing organization for section 527 exempt function activities ..... SchCMd Bullet

Enter the amount of the filing organization's funds contributed to other organizations for section 527 exempt function activities ............................................................................................................................ SchCMd Bullet

Total exempt function expenditures. Add lines 1 and 2. Enter here and on Form 1120-POL, line 17b........... SchCMd Bullet

Did the filing organization file Form 1120-POL for this year? ...................................................................

Yes No

Enter the names, addresses and employer identification number (EIN) of all section 527 political organizations to which the filing
organization made payments. For each organization listed, enter the amount paid from the filing organization’s funds. Also enter the amount of political contributions received that were promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization, such as a separate segregated fund or a political action committee (PAC). If additional space is needed, provide information in Part IV.

(a) Name	(b) Address	(c) EIN	(d) Amount paid from filing organization's funds. If none, enter -0-.	(e) Amount of political contributions received and promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization. If none, enter -0-.
1
2
3
4
5
6

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 50084S

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 2

Part II-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

A Check SchCMd Bullet

if the filing organization belongs to an affiliated group (and list in Part IV each affiliated group member's name, address, EIN, expenses, and share of excess lobbying expenditures).
B Check SchCMd Bullet

if the filing organization checked box A and "limited control" provisions apply.

Limits on Lobbying Expenditures (The term "expenditures" means amounts paid or incurred.)		(a) Filing organization's totals	(b) Affiliated group totals
1a	Total lobbying expenditures to influence public opinion (grass roots lobbying) ...............................................	0
b	Total lobbying expenditures to influence a legislative body (direct lobbying) ...........................................	0
c	Total lobbying expenditures (add lines 1a and 1b) .......................................................................	0
d	Other exempt purpose expenditures .........................................................................................	31,073,180
e	Total exempt purpose expenditures (add lines 1c and 1d) ....................................................................	31,073,180
f	Lobbying nontaxable amount. Enter the amount from the following table in both columns.	1,000,000
	If the amount on line 1e, column (a) or (b) is:The lobbying nontaxable amount is:
	Not over $500,00020% of the amount on line 1e.
	Over $500,000 but not over $1,000,000$100,000 plus 15% of the excess over $500,000.
	Over $1,000,000 but not over $1,500,000$175,000 plus 10% of the excess over $1,000,000.
	Over $1,500,000 but not over $17,000,000$225,000 plus 5% of the excess over $1,500,000.
	Over $17,000,000$1,000,000.

g	Grassroots nontaxable amount (enter 25% of line 1f) ..........................................................................	250,000
h	Subtract line 1g from line 1a. If zero or less, enter -0-. ..........................................................................	0
i	Subtract line 1f from line 1c. If zero or less, enter -0-. ...........................................................................	0
j	If there is an amount other than zero on either line 1h or line 1i, did the organization file Form 4720 reporting section 4911 tax for this year? ..............................................................................................................		Yes No

4-Year Averaging Period Under section 501(h) (Some organizations that made a section 501(h) election do not have to complete all of the five columns below. See the separate instructions for lines 2a through 2f.)
Lobbying Expenditures During 4-Year Averaging Period
	Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)	(a) 2012	(b) 2013	(c) 2014	(d) 2015	(e) Total

2a	Lobbying nontaxable amount	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000	4,000,000

b	Lobbying ceiling amount (150% of line 2a, column(e))					6,000,000

c	Total lobbying expenditures

d	Grassroots nontaxable amount	250,000	250,000	250,000	250,000	1,000,000

e	Grassroots ceiling amount (150% of line 2d, column (e))					1,500,000

f	Grassroots lobbying expenditures

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 3

Part II-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and has NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

For each "Yes" response on lines 1a through 1i below, provide in Part IV a detailed description of the lobbying activity.

(a)

Yes

(b)

Amount

During the year, did the filing organization attempt to influence foreign, national, state or local legislation, including any attempt to influence public opinion on a legislative matter or referendum, through the use of:

Volunteers? ...........................................................................................................

Paid staff or management (include compensation in expenses reported on lines 1c through 1i)? ........

Media advertisements? ...................................................................................................

Mailings to members, legislators, or the public? .............................................................................

Publications, or published or broadcast statements? ...........................................................

Grants to other organizations for lobbying purposes? ..........................................................

Direct contact with legislators, their staffs, government officials, or a legislative body? .......................

Rallies, demonstrations, seminars, conventions, speeches, lectures, or any similar means? ..................

Other activities? ...................................................................................................................

Total. Add lines 1c through 1i ....................................................................................................

Did the activities in line 1 cause the organization to be not described in section 501(c)(3)? .....

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred under section 4912 ...........................................

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred by organization managers under section 4912 ...................

If the filing organization incurred a section 4912 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? ........................

Part III-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6).

Yes

Were substantially all (90% or more) dues received nondeductible by members? ...............................................

Did the organization make only in-house lobbying expenditures of $2,000 or less? ............................................

Did the organization agree to carry over lobbying and political expenditures from the prior year? .................................

Part III-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6) and if either (a) BOTH Part III-A, lines 1 and 2, are answered "No" OR (b) Part III-A, line 3, is answered “Yes."

Dues, assessments and similar amounts from members ......................................................................

Section 162(e) nondeductible lobbying and political expenditures (do not include amounts of political expenses for which the section 527(f) tax was paid).

Current year .............................................................................................................................

Carryover from last year ............................................................................................................

Total ...........................................................................................................................................

Aggregate amount reported in section 6033(e)(1)(A) notices of nondeductible section 162(e) dues .

If notices were sent and the amount on line 2c exceeds the amount on line 3, what portion of the excess does the organization agree to carryover to the reasonable estimate of nondeductible lobbying and political expenditure next year? ......................................................................................................................

Taxable amount of lobbying and political expenditures (see instructions) .........................................

Part IV

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part l-A, line 1; Part l-B, line 4; Part l-C, line 5; Part II-A (affiliated group list); Part II-A, lines 1 and 2 (see instructions), and Part ll-B, line 1. Also, complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990EZ) 2015

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE D
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Financial Statements

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," on Form 990,
Part IV, line 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 12a, or 12b.
SchDMd Bullet

Attach to Form 990.
Information about Schedule D (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Organizations Maintaining Donor Advised Funds or Other Similar Funds or Accounts. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 6.

			(a) Donor advised funds	(b) Funds and other accounts

1	Total number at end of year ....
2	Aggregate value of contributions to (during year)
3	Aggregate value of grants from (during year)
4	Aggregate value at end of year ....

Did the organization inform all donors and donor advisors in writing that the assets held in donor advised
funds are the organization's property, subject to the organization's exclusive legal control? ...........

Yes No

Did the organization inform all grantees, donors, and donor advisors in writing that grant funds can be
used only for charitable purposes and not for the benefit of the donor or donor advisor, or for any other purpose conferring impermissible private benefit? ............................

Yes No

Part II

Conservation Easements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 7.

Purpose(s) of conservation easements held by the organization (check all that apply).

Preservation of land for public use (e.g., recreation or education) Preservation of an historically important land area

Protection of natural habitat Preservation of a certified historic structure

Preservation of open space

Complete lines 2a through 2d if the organization held a qualified conservation contribution in the form of a conservation easement on the last day of the tax year.


a	Total number of conservation easements ......................	2a
b	Total acreage restricted by conservation easements ....................	2b
c	Number of conservation easements on a certified historic structure included in (a) .....	2c
d	Number of conservation easements included in (c) acquired after 8/17/06, and not on a historic structure listed in the National Register ...	2d

Number of conservation easements modified, transferred, released, extinguished, or terminated by the organization during the
tax year SchDMd Bullet

Number of states where property subject to conservation easement is located SchDMd Bullet

Does the organization have a written policy regarding the periodic monitoring, inspection, handling of violations, and enforcement of the conservation easements it holds? ............

Yes No

Staff and volunteer hours devoted to monitoring, inspecting, handling of violations, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
SchDMd Bullet

Amount of expenses incurred in monitoring, inspecting, handling of violations, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
SchDMd Bullet

Does each conservation easement reported on line 2(d) above satisfy the requirements of section 170(h)(4)(B)(i) and section 170(h)(4)(B)(ii)? .............................

Yes No

In Part XIII, describe how the organization reports conservation easements in its revenue and expense statement, and
balance sheet, and include, if applicable, the text of the footnote to the organization’s financial statements that describes
the organization’s accounting for conservation easements.

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 8.

If the organization elected, as permitted under SFAS 116 (ASC 958), not to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide, in Part XIII, the text of the footnote to its financial statements that describes these items.

If the organization elected, as permitted under SFAS 116 (ASC 958), to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide the following amounts relating to these items:

(i)

Revenue included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 ......................... SchDMd Bullet

(ii)

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... SchDMd Bullet

If the organization received or held works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets for financial gain, provide the
following amounts required to be reported under SFAS 116 (ASC 958) relating to these items:

Revenue included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 .......................... SchDMd Bullet

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... SchDMd Bullet

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 52283D

Schedule D (Form 990) 2015

Page 2

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets (continued)

Using the organization’s acquisition, accession, and other records, check any of the following that are a significant use of its collection items (check all that apply):

Public exhibition

Loan or exchange programs

Scholarly research

Other

Preservation for future generations

Provide a description of the organization’s collections and explain how they further the organization’s exempt purpose in
Part XIII.

During the year, did the organization solicit or receive donations of art, historical treasures or other similar
assets to be sold to raise funds rather than to be maintained as part of the organization’s collection?...

Yes No

Part IV

Escrow and Custodial Arrangements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 9, or reported an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21.

Is the organization an agent, trustee, custodian or other intermediary for contributions or other assets not
included on Form 990, Part X? ....................................

Yes No


b	If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII and complete the following table:		Amount
c	Beginning balance .............................	1c
d	Additions during the year ............................	1d
e	Distributions during the year ..........................	1e
f	Ending balance ................................	1f

Did the organization include an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21, for escrow or custodial account liability?

Yes No

If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII. Check here if the explanation has been provided in Part XIII ........

Part V

Endowment Funds. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 10.

		(a)Current year	(b)Prior year	(c)Two years back	(d)Three years back	(e)Four years back

1a	Beginning of year balance ....	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000
b	Contributions ...	4,344	4,257	3,933	2,316	1,312
c	Net investment earnings, gains, and losses
d	Grants or scholarships ...
e	Other expenditures for facilities and programs ...	4,344	4,257	3,933	2,316	1,312
f	Administrative expenses ....
g	End of year balance ......	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000

Provide the estimated percentage of the current year end balance (line 1g, column (a)) held as:

Board designated or quasi-endowment SchDMd Bullet

Permanent endowment SchDMd Bullet

100.000 %

Temporarily restricted endowment SchDMd Bullet

The percentages on lines 2a, 2b, and 2c should equal 100%.

Are there endowment funds not in the possession of the organization that are held and administered for the
organization by:

Yes

(i) unrelated organizations .................

3a(i)

Yes

(ii) related organizations .................

3a(ii)

If "Yes" on 3a(ii), are the related organizations listed as required on Schedule R? .........

Describe in Part XIII the intended uses of the organization's endowment funds.

Part VI

Land, Buildings, and Equipment.
Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11a. See Form 990, Part X, line 10.

Description of property		(a) Cost or other basis (investment)	(b)Cost or other basis (other)	(c) Accumulated depreciation	(d) Book value

1a	Land ...	2,800,000	1,147,363		3,947,363
b	Buildings	1,629,400	4,895,056	2,459,735	4,064,721
c	Leasehold improvements
d	Equipment ...		986,647	389,224	597,423
e	Other ...		187,877	176,628	11,249
Total. Add lines 1a through 1e. (Column (d) must equal Form 990, Part X, column (B), line 10(c).)..					8,620,756

Schedule D (Form 990) 2015

Page 3

Part VII

InvestmentsOther Securities. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11b. See Form 990, Part X, line 12.

(a) Description of security or category (including name of security)	(b)Book value	(c)Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value
(1)Financial derivatives
(2)Closely-held equity interests
(3)Other (A) ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS - HEDGE FUND	4,370,670	F
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col. (B) line 12.)	4,370,670

Part VIII

InvestmentsProgram Related. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11c. See Form 990, Part X, line 13.

(a) Description of investment	(b) Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 13.)

Part IX

Other Assets. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11d. See Form 990, Part X, line 15.

(a) Description				(b) Book value

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 15.)...........

Part X

Other Liabilities. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11e or 11f. See Form 990, Part X, line 25.

1.(a) Description of liability	(b) Book value
(1) Federal income taxes
CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITIES	1,266,542
RENTAL DEPOSITS	80,000
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS	165,016
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 25.)	1,511,558
2. Liability for uncertain tax positions. In Part XIII, provide the text of the footnote to the organization's financial statements that reports the organization's liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC 740). Check here if the text of the footnote has been provided in Part XIII

Schedule D (Form 990) 2015

Page 4

Part XI Reconciliation of Revenue per Audited Financial Statements With Revenue per Return Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total revenue, gains, and other support per audited financial statements .......			1	42,274,347
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12:
a	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments ....	2a	-3,581,136
b	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2b	13,318,687
c	Recoveries of prior year grants ...........	2c	29,516
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	2d
e	Add lines 2a through 2d .....................			2e	9,767,067
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1..................			3	32,507,280
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b .	4a	228,143
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ...........	4b	-41,779
c	Add lines 4a and 4b....................			4c	186,364
5	Total revenue. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 12.) ......			5	32,693,644

Part XII Reconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Statements With Expenses per Return. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total expenses and losses per audited financial statements ...........			1	44,579,091
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part IX, line 25:
a	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2a	13,318,687
b	Prior year adjustments ............	2b
c	Other losses ................	2c
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	2d
e	Add lines 2a through 2d....................			2e	13,318,687
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1...................			3	31,260,404
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part IX, line 25, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b ..	4a	228,143
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	4b	-8,694
c	Add lines 4a and 4b.....................			4c	219,449
5	Total expenses. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 18.) ......			5	31,479,853

Part XIII

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part II, lines 3, 5, and 9; Part III, lines 1a and 4; Part lV, lines 1b and 2b;
Part V, line 4; Part X, line 2; Part XI, lines 2d and 4b; and Part XII, lines 2d and 4b. Also complete this part to provide any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
PART V, LINE 4:	THE EARNINGS ON THIS ENDOWMENT ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAM, ARE RECORDED AS TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED INVESTMENT INCOME, AND ARE RELEASED AS SPENT.
PART X, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS PERFORMED AN EVALUATION OF UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2016, AND DETERMINED THAT THERE WERE NO MATTERS THAT WOULD REQUIRE RECOGNITION IN THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OR THAT MAY HAVE ANY EFFECT ON ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS 33,085.

Schedule D (Form 990) 2015

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE F(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Statement of Activities Outside the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990,Part IV, line 14b, 15, or 16. Right pointing arrow large image

Attach to Form 990. Right pointing arrow large image

See separate instructions. Right pointing arrow large image

Information about Schedule F (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

General Information on Activities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 14b.

For grantmakers.Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of its grants and

other assistance, the grantees’ eligibility for the grants or assistance, and the selection criteria used

to award the grants or assistance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes

For grantmakers. Describe in Part V the organization’s procedures for monitoring the use of its grants and other assistance outside the United States.

Activites per Region. (The following Part I, line 3 table can be duplicated if additional space is needed.)

(a) Region		(b) Number of offices in the region	(c) Number of employees, agents, and independent contractors in region	(d) Activities conducted in region (by type) (e.g., fundraising, program services, investments, grants to recipients located in the region)	(f) Total expenditures for and investments in region
	EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) - ALBANIA, ANDORRA, AUSTRIA, BELGIUM	0	0	GRANTMAKING	609,596
	EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	0	0	GRANTMAKING	235,322
	NORTH AMERICA	0	0	GRANTMAKING	160,000














3a	Sub-total .....	0	0		1,004,918
b	Total from continuation sheets to Part I ...	0	0		0
c	Totals (add lines 3a and 3b)	0	0		1,004,918

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.Cat. No. 50082W Schedule F (Form 990) 2015

Schedule F (Form 990) 2015

Page 2

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations or Entities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 15, for any recipient who received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a)(c) Region	(b)(d) Purpose of grant	(e) Amount of cash grant	(f) Manner of cash disbursement
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) - ALBANIA, ANDORRA, AUSTRIA, BELGIUM	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PATRICK KEHOE, BSC, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016582S)	300,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) - ALBANIA, ANDORRA, AUSTRIA, BELGIUM	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RUDOLF FUCHSHOFER, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016076)	149,596	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) - ALBANIA, ANDORRA, AUSTRIA, BELGIUM	MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARAH DOYLE, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016030)	160,000	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC - AUSTRALIA, BRUNEI, BURMA, CAMBODIA,	MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY ROBYN GUYMER, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016061)	155,322	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC - AUSTRALIA, BRUNEI, BURMA, CAMBODIA,	MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY PAUL BAIRD, BSC, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016178)	80,000	WIRE
NORTH AMERICA	MACULAR DEGENERATION RES. BY BRIAN BALLIOS, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016173)	160,000	WIRE

2	Enter total number of recipient organizations listed above that are recognized as charities by the foreign country, recognized as tax-exempt by the IRS, or for which the grantee or counsel has provided a section 501(c)(3) equivalency letter .......	6
3	Enter total number of other organizations or entities .......................	0

Schedule F (Form 990) 2015

Schedule F (Form 990) 2015Page 3

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Individuals Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 16.

Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Type of grant or assistance		(b) Region	(c) Number of recipients	(d) Amount of cash grant	(e) Manner of cash disbursement	(f) Amount of non-cash assistance	(g) Description of non-cash assistance	(h) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)

Schedule F (Form 990) 2015

Page 4

Part IV

Foreign Forms

Schedule F (Form 990) 2015

Page 5

Part V

Supplemental Information
Provide the information required by Part I, line 2 (monitoring of funds); Part I, line 3, column (f) (accounting method; amounts of investments vs. expenditures per region); Part II, line 1 (accounting method); Part III (accounting method); and Part III, column (c) (estimated number of recipients), as applicable. Also complete this part to provide any additional information (see instructions).

ReturnReference	Explanation
PART I, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, IMAGING AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CITATION ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO A STATISTICAL SAMPLE OF WORKS SUPPORTED BY EITHER THE US FEDERAL GVERNMENT OR THAT OF OTHER FUNDING AGENCIES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED AT NEARLY TWICE THE FREQUENCY OF ANY OTHER COMPARISON GROUP. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES 2.2 ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT. THESE COME AT VALUES NEARLY 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGHOUT OUR WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE FINAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORT, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO WE MAY ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.

Schedule F (Form 990) 2015

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE G (Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information Regarding
Fundraising or Gaming Activities

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 17, 18, or 19, or if the organization entered more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a. right arrow

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
right arrow

Information about Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Fundraising Activities. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 17.

Form 990-EZ filers are not required to complete this part.

Indicate whether the organization raised funds through any of the following activities. Check all that apply.

a	Mail solicitations	e	Solicitation of non-government grants
b	Internet and email solicitations	f	Solicitation of government grants
c	Phone solicitations	g	Special fundraising events
d	In-person solicitations

Did the organization have a written or oral agreement with any individual (including officers, directors, trustees

or key employees listed in Form 990, Part VII) or entity in connection with professional fundraising services?

YesNo

If "Yes," list the ten highest paid individuals or entities (fundraisers) pursuant to agreements under which the fundraiser is
to be compensated at least $5,000 by the organization.

(i) Name and address of individual or entity (fundraiser)		(ii) Activity	(iii) Did fundraiser have custody or control of contributions?		(iv) Gross receipts from activity	(v) Amount paid to (or retained by) fundraiser listed in col. (i)	(vi) Amount paid to (or retained by) organization
			Yes	No
	ROBBINS KERSTEN DIRECT INC 201 SUMMER STREET HOLLISTON, MA07146	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT		No	19,881,209	406,673	19,474,536









Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .					19,881,209	406,673	19,474,536

List all states in which the organization is registered or licensed to solicit contributions or has been notified it is exempt from registration or licensing.

AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, GA, HI, IL, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, UT, VA, WA, WV, WI

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 50083H

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 2

Part II

Fundraising Events. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 18, or reported more than $15,000 of fundraising event contributions and gross income on Form 990-EZ, lines 1 and 6b. List events with gross receipts greater than $5,000.

		(a) Event #1 (event type)	(b) Event #2 (event type)	(c) Other events (total number)	(d) Total events (add col. (a) through col. (c))
1	Gross receipts . . . . .
2	Less: Contributions . . . .
3	Gross income (line 1 minus line 2) . . . . . .

4	Cash prizes . . . . .
5	Noncash prizes . . . .
6	Rent/facility costs . . . .
7	Food and beverages . . .
8	Entertainment . . . .
9	Other direct expenses . . .
10	Direct expense summary. Add lines 4 through 9 in column (d) . . . . . . . . . .
11	Net income summary. Subtract line 10 from line 3, column (d). . . . . . . . . .

Part III

Gaming. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 19, or reported more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a.

		(a) Bingo	(b) Pull tabs/Instant bingo/progressive bingo	(c) Other gaming	(d) Total gaming (add col.(a) through col.(c))
1	Gross revenue . . . . .

2	Cash prizes . . . . .
3	Noncash prizes . . . .
4	Rent/facility costs . . . .
5	Other direct expenses . . .

Volunteer labor . . . .

	Yes %
	No

	Yes %
	No

	Yes %
	No

Direct expense summary. Add lines 2 through 5 in column (d) . . . . . . . . . . right arrow

Net gaming income summary. Subtract line 7 from line 1, column (d). . . . . . . . . right arrow

Enter the state(s) in which the organization conducts gaming activities:

Is the organization licensed to conduct gaming activities in each of these states? . . . . . . . .

YesNo

If "No," explain:

10a

Were any of the organization's gaming licenses revoked, suspended or terminated during the tax year? . . .

YesNo

If "Yes," explain:

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Page 3

Does the organization conduct gaming activities with nonmembers? . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Is the organization a grantor, beneficiary or trustee of a trust or a member of a partnership or other entity

formed to administer charitable gaming? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Indicate the percentage of gaming activity conducted in:

The organization's facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13a

An outside facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13b

Enter the name and address of the person who prepares the organization's gaming/special events books and records:

Name

Address

15a

Does the organization have a contract with a third party from whom the organization receives gaming

revenue? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

If "Yes," enter the amount of gaming revenue received by the organization right arrow

$ and the

amount of gaming revenue retained by the third party right arrow

$ .

If "Yes," enter name and address of the third party:

Name

Address

Gaming manager information:

Name

Gaming manager compensation right arrow

Description of services provided right arrow

Director/officer Employee Independent contractor

Mandatory distributions:

Is the organization required under state law to make charitable distributions from the gaming proceeds to

retain the state gaming license? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Enter the amount of distributions required under state law distributed to other exempt organizations or spent

in the organization's own exempt activities during the tax year right arrow

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the explanations required by Part I, line 2b, columns (iii) and (v); and Part III, lines 9, 9b, 10b, 15b, 15c, 16, and 17b, as applicable. Also complete this part to provide any additional information (see instructions).

Return Reference	Explanation
SCHEDULE G, PART I, LINE 2B, COLUMN (V)	IN THE CONTRACT WITH ROBBINS KERSTEN DIRECT, THE MANAGEMENT FEES ARE FIXED AMOUNTS PER MONTH FOR IN-SCOPE SERVICES THAT TOTALS $966,132 PER YEAR OF WHICH $559,459 HAS BEEN ALLOCATED UNDER PART XI, LINE 11(G) TO PROGRAM AND MANAGEMENT AND ARE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE THE PROFESSIONAL FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE.

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule I
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations,
Governments and Individuals in the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," on Form 990, Part IV, line 21 or 22.
lBullet

Attach to Form 990.
lBullet

Information about Schedule I (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number
23-7337229

Part I

General Information on Grants and Assistance

Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of the grants or assistance, the grantees' eligibility for the grants or assistance, and
the selection criteria used to award the grants or assistance? ........................

Yes No

Describe in Part IV the organization's procedures for monitoring the use of grant funds in the United States.

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Organizations and Domestic Governments. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 21, for any recipient

that received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Name and address of organization or government	(b) EIN	(c) IRC section if applicable	(d) Amount of cash grant	(e) Amount of non-cash assistance	(f) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)	(g) Description of non-cash assistance	(h) Purpose of grant or assistance

(1) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 600 N WOLFE STREET MEYER 218 BALTIMORE,MD21205	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JASON BRANDT, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016073S)
(2) CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY 10900 EUCLID AVENUE CLEVELAND,OH44106	34-1018992	501(C)(3)	275,529	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JIRI SAFAR, MD ENTITLED: (A2016085S)
(3) BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE ONE BAYLOR PLAZA HOUSTON,TX77030	74-1159753	501(C)(3)	299,732	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HUDA ZOGHBI, MD ENTITLED: (A2016151S)
(4) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 55 FRUIT STREET BOSTON,MA02114	04-1564655	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY IMAN AGANJ, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016172S)
(5) WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 660 S EUCLID AVENUE ST LOUIS,MO63110	43-0653611	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRENDAN LUCEY, MD ENTITLED: (A2016180S)
(6) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO 9500 GILMAN DRIVE LA JOLLA,CA92093	95-6006144	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EMILIE REAS, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016241F)
(7) UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 3451 WALNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA,PA19194	23-1352685	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DAVID IRWIN, MD ENTITLED: (A2016244S)
(8) GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY 34TH O STREETS NW WASHINGTON,DC20057	53-0196603	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY XIONG JIANG, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016251S)
(9) THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION 9500 EUCLID AVENUE CLEVELAND,OH44195	91-2153073	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DIANNE PEREZ, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016272S)
(10) THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER 5323 HARRY HINES BOULEVARD DALLAS,TX75390	75-6002868	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARK HENKEMEYER, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016345S)
(11) MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE 4500 SAN PABLO ROAD JACKSONVILLE,FL32224	41-1906820	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHIA-CHEN LIU, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016346F)
(12) J DAVID GLADSTONE INSTITUTES 1650 OWENS STREET SAN FRANCISCO,CA94158	23-7203666	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TARA TRACY, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016360F)
(13) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 55 FRUIT STREET BOSTON,MA02114	04-1564655	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DOO YEON KIM, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016362S)
(14) TUFTS UNIVERSITY 419 BOSTON AVENUE MEDFORD,MA02155	04-2103634	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SELENE LOMOIO, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016379F)
(15) UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER 5323 HARRY HINES BOULEVARD DALLAS,TX75390	75-6002868	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOACHIM HERZ, MD ENTITLED: (A2016396S)
(16) UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER 930 MADISON AVENUE SUITE 731 MEMPHIS,TN38120	62-1721435	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CATHERINE KACZOROWSKI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016397S)
(17) WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE 1300 YORK AVENUE NEW YORK,NY10065	13-1623978	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WENJIE LUO, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016399S)
(18) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 55 FRUIT STREET BOSTON,MA02114	04-1564655	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY RACHEL BENNETT, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016404F)
(19) YALE UNIVERSITY 47 COLLEGE STREET SUITE 203 NEW HAVEN,CT06510	06-0646973	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SWETHA GOWRISHANKAR, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016411F)
(20) BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL 75 FRANCIS STREET BOSTON,MA02115	04-2312909	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY QIAOQIAO SHI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016425F)
(21) UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 3700 HAMILTON WALK 6TH FLOOR PHILADELPHIA,PA19104	23-1352685	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LAURA WISSE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016432F)
(22) MCLEAN HOSPITAL 115 MILL STREET BELMONT,MA02478	04-2697981	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JENNIFER GATCHEL, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016434F)
(23) UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN 1 UNIVERSITY STATION AUSTIN,TX78712	74-6000203	501(C)(3)	185,020	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY STEPHEN MARTIN, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016443S)
(24) THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY 1230 YORK AVENUE NEW YORK,NY10065	13-1624158	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANA PEREIRA, MD ENTITLED: (A2016478S)
(25) ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI 1468 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK,NY10029	13-6171197	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEAN-VIANNEY HAURE-MIRANDE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016482F)
(26) EMORY UNIVERSITY 1599 CLIFTON ROAD NE 4TH FLOOR ATLANTA,GA30322	58-0566256	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZIXU MAO, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016501S)
(27) ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE NEW YORK,NY10029	13-6171197	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY STEPHEN SALTON, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016508S)
(28) BOSTON UNIVERSITY 72 EAST CONCORD STREET L-606B BOSTON,MA02118	04-2103547	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TSUNEYA IKEZU, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016551S)
(29) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES 611 CHARLES E YOUNG DRIVE EAST LOS ANGELES,CA90095	95-6006143	501(C)(3)	94,536	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PAUL SEIDLER, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016588F)
(30) JOHNS HOPKINS BAYVIEW MEDICAL CENTER 4940 EASTERN AVENUE 457 BALTIMORE,MD21224	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	92,500	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CONSTANTINE LYKETSOS, MD, MHS ENTITLED: (C2015500)
(31) HUMAN COMPUTATION INSTITUTE 5218 POMMERY DRIVE FAIRFAX,VA22032	47-1882267	501(C)(3)	250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PIETRO MICHELUCCI, PHD ENTITLED: (CA2016629)
(32) MAYO CLINIC - JACKSONVILLE 4500 SAN PABLO ROAD ROOM 110 JACKSONVILLE,FL32224	59-3337028	501(C)(3)	10,000	TRAVEL FELLOWSHIP SPONSORSHIP FOR ICMN MEETING.
(33) NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AREA AGENCIES ON AGING 1730 RHODE ISLAND AVENUE NW SUITE 1200 WASHINGTON,DC20036	52-1052345	501(C)(3)	75,000	DEMENTIA FRIENDLY AMERICA INITIATIVE PROJECT.
(34) AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 1120 15TH STREET CB1101 AUGUSTA,GA30912	58-6002053	501(C)(3)	150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YUTAO LIU, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016023)
(35) RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK 701 ELLICOTT STREET BUFFALO,NY14203	14-1368361	501(C)(3)	150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY XIUQIAN MU, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016024)
(36) GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 901 ATLANTIC DRIVE NW ATLANTA,GA30332	58-0603146	501(C)(3)	75,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RAQUEL LIEBERMAN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016027)
(37) UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 3025 EAST CARSON STREET ROOM 159 PITTSBURGH,PA15203	25-0965591	501(C)(3)	150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KEVIN CHAN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016030)
(38) THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE 20 STANIFORD STREET BOSTON,MA02114	76-6090753	501(C)(3)	150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MEREDITH GREGORY-KSANDER, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016081)
(39) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO 10 KORET WAY ROOM K323 SAN FRANCISCO,CA94143	94-6036493	501(C)(3)	150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YVONNE OU, MD ENTITLED: (G2016084)
(40) BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 72 EAST CONCORD STREET ROOM L905 BOSTON,MA02118	04-2129889	501(C)(3)	150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY HAIYAN GONG, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016099)
(41) BOARD OF REGENTS UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SYSTEM 1300 UNIVERSITY AVENUE MADISON,WI53715	39-6006492	501(C)(3)	150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GILLIAN MCLELLAN, BVMS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016129)
(42) MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY 243 CHARLES STREET BOSTON,MA02114	04-2103591	501(C)(3)	150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY DANIEL SUN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016137)
(43) MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 1 GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE BOX 1183 NEW YORK,NY10029	13-6171197	501(C)(3)	150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY AUDREY BERNSTEIN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016151)
(44) MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA 167 ASHLEY AVENUE CHARLESTON,SC29425	57-6000722	501(C)(3)	150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SHAHID HUSAIN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016157)
(45) UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM 1670 UNIVERSITY BOULEVARD VH 390A BIRMINGHAM,AL35294	63-6005396	501(C)(3)	149,959	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY CRAWFORD DOWNS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016165)
(46) THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE 20 STANIFORD STREET BOSTON,MA02114	76-6090753	501(C)(3)	159,641	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PETR BARANOV, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016046)
(47) WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY 886 CHESTNUT RIDGE ROAD MORGANTOWN,WV26506	55-6000842	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JIANHAI DU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016047)
(48) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 400 NORTH BROADWAY M035 BALTIMORE,MD21231	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DEBASISH SINHA, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016056)
(49) UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 3501 FIFTH AVENUE ROOM 2051 PITTSBURGH,PA15260	25-0965591	501(C)(3)	150,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JEFFREY GROSS, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016067)
(50) UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER 881 MADISON AVE PHARMACY BUILDING MEMPHIS,TN38163	62-1721435	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY FRANCESCO GIORGIANNI, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016068)
(51) THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION 9500 EUCLID AVENUE I31 CLEVELAND,OH44195	91-2153073	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY VERA BONILHA, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016079)
(52) DOHENY EYE INSTITUTE 1450 SAN PABLO STREET DVRC-312 LOS ANGELES,CA90033	95-4044252	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ZHIHONG HU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016088)
(53) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 400 N BROADWAY SMITH BUILDING 3023 BALTIMORE,MD21205	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARIA VALERIA CANTO-SOLER, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016119)
(54) JOAN AND SANFORD I WEILL MED COLL OF CORNELL UNIV 1300 YORK AVENUE NEW YORK,NY10065	04-2103591	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARCELO NOCIARI, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016124)
(55) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE 900 UNIVERSITY AVENUE MSE 207 RIVERSIDE,CA92521	95-6006142	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KAUSTABH GHOSH, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016161)
(56) MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY 243 CHARLES STREET BOSTON,MA02114	04-2103591	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KIP CONNOR, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016183)
(57) USC EYE INSTITUTE 1450 SAN PABLO STREET SUITE 3608 LOS ANGELES,CA90033	95-1642394	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BIJU THOMAS, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016186)
(58) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 400 NORTH BROADWAY M023 BALTIMORE,MD21205	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MALIA EDWARDS, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016198)
(59) UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SW MEDICAL CENTER 5323 HARRY HINES BOULEVARD DALLAS,TX75390	04-2103591	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JOHN HULLEMAN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016200)
(60) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA 227 CHEADLE HALL SANTA BARBARA,CA93106	95-6006145	501(C)(3)	160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PATRICK DAUGHERTY, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016219)
(61) SCHEIE EYE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 51 N 39TH STREET PHILADELPHIA,PA19104	23-1352685	501(C)(3)	100,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN KIM, MD ENTITLED: (CM2016971)
(62) DUKE UNIVERSITY EYE CENTER 2351 ERWIN ROAD DURHAM,NC21205	20-1803239	501(C)(3)	10,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MIKAEL KLINGEBORN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015221)
(63) NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE 31 CENTER DRIVE BUILDING 31 BETHESDA,MD20892	52-0858115	501(C)(3)	5,500	TRAVEL AWARD FOR YOUNG INVESTIGATORS TO ATTEND THE NEI AUDACIOUS GOAL WORKSHOP.

Enter total number of section 501(c)(3) and government organizations listed in the line 1 table ................. Bullet Image

Enter total number of other organizations listed in the line 1 table ........................ . Bullet Image

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50055P

Schedule I (Form 990) 2015

Page 2

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Individuals. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 22.
Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Type of grant or assistance	(b) Number of recipients	(c) Amount of cash grant	(d) Amount of non-cash assistance	(e) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)	(f) Description of non-cash assistance

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the information required in Part I, line 2, Part III, column (b), and any other additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART I, LINE 2:

BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, IMAGING AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CITATION ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO A STATISTICAL SAMPLE OF WORKS SUPPORTED BY EITHER THE US FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR THAT OF OTHER FUNDING AGENCIES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED AT NEARLY TWICE THE FREQUENCY OF ANY OTHER COMPARISON GROUP. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES 2.2 ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT. THESE COME AT VALUES NEARLY 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGHOUT OUR WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE FINAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORT, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO WE MAY ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.

Schedule I (Form 990) 2015

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule J
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Compensation Information

For certain Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest
Compensated Employees
SchJMediumBullet

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 23.
SchJMediumBullet

Attach to Form 990.
SchJMediumBullet

Information about Schedule J (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Questions Regarding Compensation

Yes

Check the appropiate box(es) if the organization provided any of the following to or for a person listed on Form
990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a. Complete Part III to provide any relevant information regarding these items.

First-class or charter travel Housing allowance or residence for personal use

Travel for companions Payments for business use of personal residence

Tax idemnification and gross-up payments Health or social club dues or initiation fees

Discretionary spending account Personal services (e.g., maid, chauffeur, chef)

If any of the boxes in line 1a are checked, did the organization follow a written policy regarding payment or reimbursement or provision of all of the expenses described above? If "No," complete Part III to explain .........

Did the organization require substantiation prior to reimbursing or allowing expenses incurred by all
directors, trustees, officers, including the CEO/Executive Director, regarding the items checked in line 1a? ..

Indicate which, if any, of the following the filing organization used to establish the compensation of the
organization's CEO/Executive Director. Check all that apply. Do not check any boxes for methods
used by a related organization to establish compensation of the CEO/Executive Director, but explain in Part III.

Compensation committee Written employment contract

Independent compensation consultant Compensation survey or study

Form 990 of other organizations Approval by the board or compensation committee

During the year, did any person listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a with respect to the filing organization or a related organization:

Receive a severance payment or change-of-control payment? ................

Participate in, or receive payment from, a supplemental nonqualified retirement plan? .........

Participate in, or receive payment from, an equity-based compensation arrangement? .........

If "Yes" to any of lines 4a-c, list the persons and provide the applicable amounts for each item in Part III.

Only 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), and 501(c)(29) organizations must complete lines 5-9.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the revenues of:

The organization? ...........................

Any related organization?

If "Yes," on line 5a or 5b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the net earnings of:

The organization?

Any related organization? .........................

If "Yes," on line 6a or 6b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization provide any non-fixed
payments not described in lines 5 and 6? If "Yes," describe in Part III ............

Yes

Were any amounts reported on Form 990, Part VII, paid or accured pursuant to a contract that was
subject to the initial contract exception described in Regulations section 53.4958-4(a)(3)? If "Yes," describe
in Part III .............................

If "Yes" on line 8, did the organization also follow the rebuttable presumption procedure described in Regulations section 53.4958-6(c)? .........................

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50053T

Schedule J (Form 990) 2015

Page 2

Part II

Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees. Use duplicate copies if additional space is needed.

For each individual whose compensation must be reported on Schedule J, report compensation from the organization on row (i) and from related organizations, described in the
instructions, on row (ii). Do not list any individuals that are not listed on Form 990, Part VII.
Note. The sum of columns (B)(i)-(iii) for each listed individual must equal the total amount of Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, applicable column (D) and (E) amounts for that individual.

(A) Name and Title		(B) Breakdown of W-2 and/or 1099-MISC compensation			(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)	(F) Compensation in column(B) reported as deferred on prior Form 990
(A) Name and Title		(i) Base compensation	(ii) Bonus & incentive compensation	(iii) Other reportable compensation	(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)
1STACY PAGOS HALLERPRESIDENT/CEO	(i) (ii)	336,210 ------------- 0	45,000 ------------- 0	1,935 ------------- 0	39,750 ------------- 0	37,621 ------------- 0	460,516 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
2GUY EAKIN PH DVP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	(i) (ii)	148,759 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	240 ------------- 0	23,406 ------------- 0	22,998 ------------- 0	195,403 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
3DAVID F MARKS CPA CMAVP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	(i) (ii)	147,746 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	1,032 ------------- 0	23,743 ------------- 0	37,025 ------------- 0	209,546 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
4MICHAEL BUCKLEYVP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	(i) (ii)	135,910 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	360 ------------- 0	9,520 ------------- 0	26,298 ------------- 0	172,088 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
5BRIAN KLINZINGSR. DIR. CORP. & FOUNDATION GIVING	(i) (ii)	131,676 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	240 ------------- 0	9,365 ------------- 0	8,844 ------------- 0	150,125 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
6DONNA CALLISONSPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT	(i) (ii)	129,441 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	1,502 ------------- 0	20,159 ------------- 0	19,736 ------------- 0	170,838 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0

Schedule J (Form 990) 2015

Page 3

Part III

Supplemental Information

Provide the information, explanation, or descriptions required for Part I, lines 1a, 1b, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7, and 8, and for Part II. Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART I, LINE 7

AS THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S BONUS WAS NOT A FIXED PAYMENT SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, THIS ITEM HAS BEEN ANSWERED 'YES' IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS. HOWEVER, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT HER BONUS WAS A NON-FIXED PAYMENT BASED ON BRIGHTFOCUS' INTERNAL PROCEDURES. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSIDERS THE AWARD OF A DISCRETIONARY BONUS EACH YEAR. THE DETERMINATION OF THE BONUS COMPENSATION IS CAPPED AS SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, AND IF NOT WARRANTED WILL NOT BE AWARDED AT ALL. THE DETERMINATION IS MADE BY THE FULL BOARD UPON RECOMMENDATION OF ITS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REVIEW OF PRESIDENT/CEO COMPENSATION. THE COMMITTEE CONSIDERS A SET OF GOALS FOR THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S PERFORMANCE DEVELOPED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR IN CONSULTATION WITH THE PRESIDENT/CEO. EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED AT THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE BONUS IS AWARDED BASED ON A DETAILED REVIEW BY THE BOARD OF WHETHER EACH GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED.

Schedule J (Form 990) 2015

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE M
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury

Internal Revenue Service

Noncash Contributions

Complete if the organizations answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 29 or 30.
Right pointing arrow large image

Attach to Form 990.
Right pointing arrow large image

Information about Schedule M (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Types of Property

	(a) Check if applicable	(b) Number of contributions or items contributed	(c) Noncash contribution amounts reported on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1g	(d) Method of determining noncash contribution amounts
1 Art—Works of art ....
2 Art—Historical treasures .
3 Art—Fractional interests ..
4 Books and publications ..
5 Clothing and household goods .......
6 Cars and other vehicles ..
7 Boats and planes ....
8 Intellectual property ...
9 Securities—Publicly traded .	X	10	59,163	FMV
10 Securities—Closely held stock .
11 Securities—Partnership, LLC, or trust interests ....
12 Securities—Miscellaneous ..
13 Qualified conservation contribution—Historic structures .....
14 Qualified conservation contribution—Other ...
15 Real estate—Residential .
16 Real estate—Commercial ..
17 Real estate—Other ...
18 Collectibles .....
19 Food inventory ...
20 Drugs and medical supplies .
21 Taxidermy ......
22 Historical artifacts ....
23 Scientific specimens ..
24 Archeological artifacts ...
25 Other ( )
26 Other ( )
27 Other ( )
28 Other ( )

Number of Forms 8283 received by the organization during the tax year for contributions
for which the organization completed Form 8283, Part IV, Donee Acknowledgement

Yes

30a

During the year, did the organization receive by contribution any property reported in Part I, lines 1 through 28, that

it must hold for at least three years from the date of the initial contribution, and which is not required to be used

for exempt purposes for the entire holding period? ..................

30a

If "Yes," describe the arrangement in Part II.

Does the organization have a gift acceptance policy that requires the review of any non-standard contributions?

Yes

32a

Does the organization hire or use third parties or related organizations to solicit, process, or sell noncash

contributions? ..........................

32a

If "Yes," describe in Part II.

If the organization did not report an amount in column (c) for a type of property for which column (a) is checked,

describe in Part II.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 51227J

Schedule M (Form 990) (2015)

Page 2

Part II

Supplemental Information. Provide the information required by Part I, lines 30b, 32b, and 33, and whether the organization is reporting in Part I, column (b), the number of contributions, the number of items received, or a combination of both. Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule M (Form 990) (2015)

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE O
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ

Complete to provide information for responses to specific questions on
Form 990 or 990-EZ or to provide any additional information.
MediumBullet

Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
MediumBullet

Information about Schedule O (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at
www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Return Reference	Explanation
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1, DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION MISSION:	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (BRIGHTFOCUS) SEEKS TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT BY FUNDING INNOVATIVE RESEARCH WORLDWIDE AND BY PROMOTING BETTER HEALTH THROUGH EDUCATION. WE FOCUS OUR EFFORTS ON THREE INCURABLE DISEASES AFFECTING MIND AND SIGHT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. COLLECTIVELY, 1 IN 16 PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 40 IN THE U.S. ALONE HAS ONE OF THESE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS HAS A PROVEN TRACK RECORD OF SUPPORTING THE MOST INNOVATIVE, EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH SEEKING BETTER UNDERSTANDING, TREATMENTS, OR, ULTIMATELY, A CURE FOR THESE DISEASES. SINCE 1973, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $150 MILLION IN RESEARCH GRANTS TO THOUSANDS OF SCIENTISTS AROUND THE WORLD. OUR RESEARCH FUNDING HAS LED TO MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THESE DISEASES AND TO THE AWARDING OF TWO NOBEL PRIZES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED FINDINGS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED BY OTHER SCIENTISTS AT TWICE THE FREQUENCY AS OTHER RESEARCH FINDINGS. OUR FUNDING ACTS AS A CATALYST IN EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH. THE BRIGHTFOCUS RESEARCH PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE INITIAL FUNDING FOR HIGHLY INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTAL IDEAS. DUE TO THE STRUCTURED GRANT REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS, THE RESEARCH IMPACT OF BRIGHTFOCUS IS VERY HIGH. MOST RECIPIENTS OF BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDING GO ON TO RECEIVE FUTURE GRANTS FROM OTHER SOURCES THAT ARE 10 TIMES LARGER THAN THE ORIGINAL BRIGHTFOCUS AWARD. THIS ONE THOUSAND PERCENT RETURN ON BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT SPEAKS TO OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY PROMISING RESEARCH IN ITS EARLIEST STAGES AND SPAWN FUTURE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. IT IS OUR FIRM BELIEF THAT HAVING THE COURAGE TO INVEST IN INNOVATIVE IDEAS WILL LEAD TO REVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES AND LIFE-SAVING BREAKTHROUGHS. INDISPUTABLY, THE WORLD-CLASS RESEARCH IDENTIFIED AND SUPPORTED BY BRIGHTFOCUS IS MORE THAN PROMISING: IT IS MAKING A REAL CONTRIBUTION TO REVOLUTIONARY SCIENCE IN THE FIGHT TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT. ALONG WITH FUNDING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH TO FIND CURES TO SOME OF SOCIETY'S COSTLIEST DISEASES, BRIGHTFOCUS ALSO PROVIDES FREE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS AND SUPPORT TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS AND FAMILIES AFFECTED BY THESE DISEASES NATIONWIDE. WE BASE THESE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS OFF OF THE LATEST RESEARCH FINDINGS. BRIGHTFOCUS INCREASES PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA, AND COMMUNICATES WITH THOUGHT LEADERS AND ELECTED OFFICIALS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THESE AREAS. BRIGHTFOCUS' AWARD-WINNING PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS (PSA) HAVE APPEARED ON TELEVISION, RADIO, AND IN PRINT THROUGHOUT THE NATION. BOTH MAKE A PLAN TODAY: GET YOUR EYES CHECKED AND NOW IS THE MOMENT TO STOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE POWERFULLY SEEK TO RAISE AWARENESS AND EARLY DETECTION. SIMILAR MESSAGES HAVE BEEN DELIVERED THROUGH DONATED PRINT PSA SPACE IN AIRPORTS AND TRAIN STATIONS, AS WELL AS AT PHARMACIES AND SUPERMARKETS. IN FISCAL YEAR 2016, THESE PSA MESSAGES GENERATED $13,318,687 IN DONATED MEDIA SERVICES AND GARNERED 1.3 BILLION IMPRESSIONS. STARTING IN FEBRUARY 2014, WE LAUNCHED BRIGHTFOCUS CHATS, A FREE, INTERACTIVE MONTHLY TELEPHONE FORUM THAT BRINGS TOGETHER PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS TO LEARN FROM, AND ASK QUESTIONS OF, LEADING RESEARCHERS AND SPECIALISTS ON VISION DISEASES. THE CHATS ARE ARCHIVED ON OUR WEB SITE, WITH AUDIO AND PRINT TRANSCRIPTS AVAILABLE IN A NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE FORMATS. WE CONTINUE TO INCREASE OUR PRINT PUBLICATIONS, MANY IN SPANISH, THAT PROVIDE HELPFUL INFORMATION TO PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS, AND REGULARLY UNVEIL NEW VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALLIES IN THE MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES. WE HAVE EXPANDED OUR WRITTEN CONTENT OF KEY RESEARCH FINDINGS, PROMOTING AND SHARING THIS INFORMATION THROUGH OUR WEB SITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS. CAPITALIZING ON EMERGING USE OF DATA VISUALIZATION, OUR BRIGHTFOCUS "SNAPSHOT" SERIES GRAPHICALLY COMMUNICATES INFORMATION ON ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. THROUGH OUR SOCIAL MEDIA AND WEB RESOURCES, WE CONDUCT CONTESTS AND PROMOTIONS TO INCREASE AWARENESS OF THESE DISEASES AND FURTHER SHARE BRIGHTFOCUS PUBLICATIONS AND EVENTS. A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE IS OUR HEALTHY RECIPE CONTEST, WHICH DRAWS ATTENTION TO THE IMPORTANCE OF PREVENTIVE LIFESTYLE CHOICES. MORE SPECIFICALLY, EACH OF THESE PROGRAM AREAS MAIL AWARENESS-RAISING MATERIALS TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF HOUSEHOLDS, WITH MESSAGES FOCUSING ON: RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOM RECOGNITION THROUGH PUBLIC AWARENESS AND STEPS THE PUBLIC SHOULD TAKE THAT MAY HELP REDUCE THEIR RISK. LIFESTYLE CHOICES THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH, ENCOURAGING READERS TO TAKE ACTION TO REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE ONSET OF THE DISEASE. RESEARCH RESULTS AND TREATMENTS AVAILABLE TO ADDRESS THE DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS REGULARLY INTERACTS WITH MEMBERS OF THE MEDIA, AS WELL AS ELECTED OFFICIALS AND FEDERAL AGENCY STAFF. TWICE IN THE PAST YEAR WE HAVE BEEN INVITED PRESENTERS AT U.S. CAPITOL BRIEFINGS FOR CONGRESSIONAL STAFF. THROUGH OUR OWN OUTREACH EFFORTS, AS WELL AS ACTIVE ROLES IN ADVOCACY COALITIONS, WE HELP ADVANCE THE CAUSE OF PIONEERING SCIENCE AND BETTER POSITION BRIGHTFOCUS AS A RESOURCE FOR THOSE STRUGGLING WITH, AND SEARCHING FOR CURES FOR, THESE TERRIBLE DISEASES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11	A DRAFT OF THE FEDERAL FORM 990 SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW PRIOR TO BEING SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT FEDERAL FORM 990 SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED EARLY ENOUGH TO PROVIDE EACH COMMITTEE MEMBER WITH A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR REVIEW AND SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS PRIOR TO THE FILING DEADLINE. THE FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED TO EACH MEMBER OF THE FULL BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRIOR TO BEING FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT OR FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 MAY BE DISTRIBUTED IN PERSON, BY REGULAR MAIL, E-MAIL, OR FAX.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	BRIGHTFOCUS HAS ALL EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS, AND DIRECTORS AGREE TO THE CODE OF CONDUCT THAT INCLUDES ADHERENCE TO THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICY. EACH BOARD DIRECTOR, OFFICER, AND EMPLOYEE IS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT ANNAUALLY. EMPLOYEES MEET ANNUALLY WITH THE BRIGHTFOCUS' CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER TO REVIEW THEIR CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS, AND GIVE AN ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST COMPLIANCE REPORT TO THE BOARD CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND/OR BRIGHTFOCUS' LEGAL COUNSEL AND, IF APPROPRIATE AND NECESSARY, THEN TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. THE DIRECTOR'S AND OFFICER'S STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS LEGAL COUNSEL. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING A CONFLICT OF INTEREST, THE CONFLICTED PARTY IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	BRIGHTFOCUS' BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS OVERALL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR APPROVING THE ANNUAL BUDGET WHICH INCLUDES SALARY AND BENEFITS FOR ALL EMPLOYEES AT EVERY LEVEL INCLUDING NON-DIRECTOR OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES. ALL PAY ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE ON A YEARLY BASIS EFFECTIVE APRIL 1ST, THE BEGINNING OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FISCAL YEAR. BEFORE APPROVING THE COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT/CEO, THE BOARD DETERMINES THE TOTAL COMPENSATION TO BE PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE POSITION, RESPONSIBILITY AND QUALIFICATION OF THE POSITION HELD INCLUDING THE RESULT OF AN EVALUATION OF PRIOR PERFORMANCE FOR BRIGHTFOCUS, IF APPLICABLE. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS EVALUATED ANNUALLY BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS THROUGH THE USE OF AN IN-DEPTH GOAL ATTAINMENT STRUCTURE, (DEVELOPED WITH ADVICE FROM BOARD SOURCE) THAT INCLUDES A SELF ASSESSMENT AND A BOARD OF DIRECTORS ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION AGAINST SET GOALS, OUTCOMES AND DELIVERABLES. IN ADDITION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PERIODICALLY ENGAGES AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO OBTAIN AND CONSIDER APPROPRIATE DATA, INCLUDING A SALARY SURVEY, WHICH INCLUDES INFORMATION COMPILED FROM THE FEDERAL FORM 990 OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, CONCERNING COMPENSATION PAID TO CEOS IN LIKE CIRCUMSTANCES. IN MAKING THE DETERMINATION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL CONSIDER TOTAL COMPENSATION TO INCLUDE THE SALARY AND VALUE OF ALL BENEFITS PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN PAYMENT FOR SERVICES. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S COMPENSATION, THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING. THE BOARD SHALL SET FORTH THE BASIS FOR ITS DECISIONS WITH RESPECT TO COMPENSATION IN THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING AT WHICH THE DECISIONS ARE MADE, INCLUDING THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE EVALUATION AND THE BASIS FOR DETERMINING THAT THE INDIVIDUAL'S COMPENSATION WAS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE EVALUATION AND COMPARABILITY DATA. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS CHARGED WITH THE SETTING OF SALARIES OF ALL OTHER EMPLOYEES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BUDGET APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND HUMAN RESOURCES REVIEW EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS THAT INCLUDES KEY EMPLOYEES, BY PERIODICALLY ENGAGING AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO CONDUCT COMPENSATION AND BENEFIT BENCHMARKING STUDIES THAT INCLUDE VARIOUS REGIONAL AND NATIONAL NON-PROFIT COMPENSATION REPORTS AND SURVEYS. COMPENSATION DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS INCLUDE THE REVIEW OF SELF AND SUPERVISORY EVALUATIONS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO SET INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	BRIGHTFOCUS MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ITS ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS, THE FEDERAL FORM 1023, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FEDERAL FORM 990 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. IN ADDITION, THE PUBLIC ALSO HAS ACCESS TO THE ANNUAL REPORT, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, AND FEDERAL FORM 990 ON OUR WEBSITE.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	RECOVERIES OF PRIOR YEAR GRANTS 29,516. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS 33,085.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PATRICK KEHOE, BSC, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016582S) EXPLORING ACE-2 AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM (RAS) IS A BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY PRIMARILY INVOLVED IN BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION, BUT WHICH BECOMES OVERACTIVE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). PREVIOUS RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT SOME COMMONLY PRESCRIBED ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS THAT ALSO WORK IN THE RAS SYSTEM CAN PROTECT AGAINST RATES OF ALZHEIMER'S IN PEOPLE, AND ALSO AGAINST CELL AND BRAIN TISSUE DAMAGE, AS WELL AS COGNITIVE DECLINE, IN ANIMAL MODELS OF AD. WE HAVE JUST FOUND THAT AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY ARM OF RAS IS ALSO DEFECTIVE IN AD AND THAT REDUCED ACTIVITY OF THIS PATHWAY IS ASSOCIATED WITH MORE EXTENSIVE PATHOLOGY IN HUMAN BRAIN TISSUE. OUR PROPOSED STUDY WILL INVESTIGATE WHETHER ACTIVATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF THIS REGULATORY PATHWAY, USING A DRUG ALREADY AVAILABLE FOR TESTING IN PEOPLE BUT PREVIOUSLY NOT CONSIDERED IN AD, CAN PROTECT AGAINST BOTH COGNITIVE DECLINE AND TISSUE DAMAGE NORMALLY SEEN IN AN ESTABLISHED MOUSE MODEL OF AD, POTENTIALLY RESULTING IN A NEW THERAPY THAT CAN MOVE RAPIDLY TO CLINICAL TRIAL TESTING FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016582S. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RUDOLF FUCHSHOFER, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016076) ROLE OF NON-CODING RNAS IN OUTFLOW RESISTANCE DYSREGULATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: LOWERING OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP) IN GLAUCOMATOUS PATIENTS SLOWS OR STOPS PROGRESSION OF DAMAGE TO THEIR OPTIC NERVE. THE PATHOLOGY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ELEVATED IOP ASSOCIATED WITH GLAUCOMA LIES IN THE CONVENTIONAL AQUEOUS HUMOR OUTFLOW PATHWAY. SOMEWHAT REMARKABLY, NO CURRENT PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY FOR GLAUCOMA IS DIRECTED AT THIS PATHWAY. THE PROPOSAL FOCUSES ON THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF NON-CODING RNAS ON THE NITRIC OXIDE SYSTEM AND THEIR POTENTIAL INVOLVEMENT IN REGULATION OF THE CONVENTIONAL OUTFLOW PATHWAY. THE INVESTIGATION COULD LEAD TO A NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACH THAT WOULD BE ADDITIVE TO CURRENT THERAPIES AND THEREBY USEFUL IN STABILIZING DISEASE PROGRESSION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016076. GRANT AWARDED: $149,596, UNIVERSITY OF REGENSBURG, REGENSBURG, GERMANY. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARAH DOYLE, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016030) THE ROLE OF TOLL/IL-1 RECEPTOR (TIR)-SIGNALING "CHECKPOINT" REGULATORS IN PATHOBIOLOGY OF AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IS NEEDED TO TAKE CARE OF ALL THE TISSUES THAT MAKE UP OUR BODY TO KEEP US IN WORKING ORDER. HOWEVER, INFLAMMATION IS A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD, TOO MUCH CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE SURROUNDING TISSUES, TOO LITTLE CAN BE INEFFECTIVE AT INDUCING HEALING. TO OVERCOME THIS PROBLEM, THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE HAS EVOLVED SO THAT ONCE A PRO-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IS GENERATED, IT PROMOTES THE EXPRESSION OF CHEMICALS THAT PROVIDE FEEDBACK AND SWITCH OFF INFLAMMATION BY INHIBITING THE VERY PRO-INFLAMMATORY SIGNALS THAT GENERATED THEM; IN THIS WAY, THE PROCESS OF INFLAMMATION PROGRAMS ITS OWN END. AMD HAS ELEMENTS THAT INDICATE THAT THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IS UNCONTROLLED AND PERSISTENT LOW-LEVEL INFLAMMATION IS OBSERVED. OUR RESEARCH QUESTION ASKS WHETHER THIS ACTIVE PROCESS OF SWITCHING OFF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IS LOST IN PEOPLE WITH AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016030. GRANT AWARDED: $160,000, TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, DUBLIN, IRELAND. REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY ROBYN GUYMER, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016061) FAILURE TO REMOVE DEBRIS: DEFECTIVE MECHANISMS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS BY WHICH DEBRIS ACCUMULATES IN THE RETINA IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS CRITICAL FOR UNDERSTANDING DISEASE PATHWAYS AND ULTIMATELY DEVELOPING NOVEL TREATMENT TARGETS FOR EARLY AMD. AS PART OF THIS STUDY, WE WILL EVALUATE THE FUNCTION OF THESE CELLS IN A LABORATORY DISH AND COMPARE THE FUNCTION BETWEEN CELLS TAKEN FROM PEOPLE WITH AMD AND CELLS FROM PEOPLE WITHOUT AMD. ONCE SUBSTANTIATED, WE WILL HAVE IDENTIFIED A TRULY NOVEL MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF SEVERE VISION LOSS IN OUR COMMUNITY. THIS WILL CHANGE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASIC MECHANISMS THAT LEAD TO THE EARLIEST CHANGES IN AMD AND ITS PROGRESSION TO VISION LOSS. IT HAS POTENTIAL TO OPEN AVENUES FOR TESTING NEW DRUGS THAT ENHANCE THE FUNCTION OF THE FAULTY CELLS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016061. GRANT AWARDED: $155,322, CENTRE FOR EYE RESEARCH, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY PAUL BAIRD, BSC, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016178) IDENTIFYING GENE PATHWAYS THAT DELINEATE THE TWO LATE STAGE TYPES OF DISEASE IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF BLINDING AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) BUT TREATMENT IS ONLY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR ONE OF THESE. WE HAVE DEVELOPED A NOVEL STATISTICAL TOOL AND HIGH THROUGHPUT COMPUTATIONAL MODEL THAT ALLOWS US TO LOOK AT ALL GENES IN OUR GENOME AND IDENTIFY THOSE GENES THAT INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER TO CAUSE BOTH OF THESE TYPES OF AMD. USING THE WORLD'S LARGEST COLLECTION OF AMD SAMPLES, DRAWN FROM MULTIPLE COHORTS OF 40,000 PEOPLE, WE WILL IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANT GENETIC INTERACTIONS IN EACH TYPE OF AMD. USING THIS KNOWLEDGE, WE WILL BE ABLE TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE DISEASE PROCESS AND DEVELOP NEW THERAPIES ALLOWING BOTH TYPES OF BLINDING AMD TO BE TREATED. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016178. GRANT AWARDED: $80,000, CENTRE FOR EYE RESEARCH, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRIAN BALLIOS, MD, PH.D. ENTITLED: (M2016173) BIOENGINEERED STEM CELL-DERIVED CONE PHOTORECEPTOR THERAPY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DRUG THERAPY ONLY SLOWS THE PROGRESSION OF DISEASE, BUT DOES NOT REPRESENT A REGENERATIVE APPROACH TO MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATMENT. WE WILL USE STEM CELLS TO PRODUCE LARGE QUANTITIES OF CONE PHOTORECEPTORS FOR TRANSPLANTATION DIRECTLY INTO THE RETINA. CONES ARE THE CELLS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION/COLOR VISION AND ARE LOST IN DISEASE. WE WILL TAKE ADVANTAGE OF NATURAL BIOMATERIALS AS VEHICLES TO DELIVER CELLS TO THE EYE, TO INCREASE THEIR SURVIVAL AND IMPROVE THEIR FUNCTION AFTER TRANSPLANTATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016173. GRANT AWARDED: $160,000, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JASON BRANDT, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016073S) MODIFIED ATKINS DIET FOR COGNITIVE LOSS IN OLDER ADULTS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS STUDY WILL TEST WHETHER A SPECIAL DIET THAT HAS BEEN USED TO TREAT OTHER BRAIN DISORDERS MAY BE USEFUL TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). THE DIET IS VERY LOW IN STARCHES AND SUGARS, AND VERY HIGH IN FAT. SUCH A DIET CAUSES THE BODY TO PRODUCE SUBSTANCES CALLED "KETONES" WHICH CAN BE USED BY THE BRAIN FOR ENERGY. THIS STUDY WILL TEST WHETHER PATIENTS WITH EARLY AD, OR EVEN MILDER MEMORY PROBLEMS KNOWN AS MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (MCI), CAN STICK TO THIS DIET FOR 12 WEEKS AND WHETHER IT IMPROVES THEIR THINKING AND MEMORY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016073S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JIRI SAFAR, MD ENTITLED: (A2016085S) PROFILING STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGY OF BETA AMYLOID STRAINS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE BELIEVE OUR APPLICATION ADDRESSES A CONFOUNDING PUZZLE: WHY CLINICAL SYMPTOMATOLOGY, SEVERITY, AND PROGRESSION RATES OF LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD) FREQUENTLY DO NOT COINCIDE WITH THE TOTAL AMYLOID-BETA (A-BETA) LOAD. WE PROPOSE TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT RAPID PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE IS CAUSED BY SPECIFIC MOLECULAR STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF BETA AMYLOID. THE FINDINGS HAVE A POTENTIAL TO SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF AD AND TO ESTABLISH PROGRESSION RATE-DIRECTED DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS AS A KEY STRATEGY FOR DELAYING AND PREVENTING SYMPTOMATIC AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016085S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HUDA ZOGHBI, MD ENTITLED: (A2016151S) GENETIC SCREENS TO IDENTIFY TARGETS THAT REGULATE APP. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE DEPOSITION OF AMYLOID PLAQUES AND THE ACCUMULATION OF NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES, PRODUCTS OF AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN (APP) PROCESSING AND TAU HYPERPHOSPHORYLATION RESPECTIVELY. SEVERAL STUDIES DEMONSTRATE THAT REDUCTION OF APP IS THERAPEUTICALLY BENEFICIAL IN AD MOUSE MODELS. THIS EVIDENCE PROMPTED US TO HYPOTHESIZE THAT MODEST REDUCTION IN THE LEVELS OF APP PROTEINS WOULD DELAY THE ONSET AND RETARD PROGRESSION OF DISEASE. WE PLAN TO IDENTIFY NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGETS USING AN UNBIASED, HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREEN USING TWO DIFFERENT ASSAY SYSTEMS IN PARALLEL (HUMAN NEURONAL CELL LINES AND FRUIT FLIES EXPRESSING HUMAN APP) TO IDENTIFY THOSE PROTEINS WHOSE REDUCTION RESULTS IN LOWER LEVELS OF APP, AND RESCUES NEURONAL DEGENERATION IN FLIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016151S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY IMAN AGANJ, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016172S) CONNECTOMIC BIOMARKERS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE OBSERVED IN MULTI-SYNAPTIC PATHWAYS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE HUMAN BRAIN CONSISTS OF COMPLEX STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL NETWORKS. NETWORK-BASED ANALYSIS OF BRAIN WHITE MATTER CONNECTIONS HAS PROVED PROMISING BY HELPING TO REVEAL THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), AND ASSISTING IN THE DISCOVERY OF DIAGNOSTICALLY AND THERAPEUTICALLY IMPORTANT BIOMARKERS. THE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS TO BUILD ON THE INVESTIGATOR'S BACKGROUND IN BRAIN IMAGING AND BRAIN NETWORK ANALYSIS TO DEVELOP AND VALIDATE NOVEL COMPUTATIONAL METHODS SUCH AS THOSE ACCOUNTING FOR INDIRECT NEURAL PATHWAYS AND SUBSEQUENTLY DERIVE MORE ACCURATE AD IMAGING BIOMARKERS, WHICH WILL HELP US BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW THE BRAIN IS AFFECTED IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016172S
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRENDAN LUCEY, MD ENTITLED: (A2016180S) SLEEP QUALITY AND HUMAN AMYLOID-BETA KINETICS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE DEPOSITION OF AMYLOID-BETA PROTEIN (A-BETA) IN THE BRAIN IS A KEY FIRST STEP IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). RECENT WORK HAS SHOWN THAT SLEEP DECREASES THE CONCENTRATION OF A-BETA IN THE BRAINS OF MICE AND HUMANS. IN MICE, DECREASING THE AMOUNT OF SLEEP BOTH REDUCED THE A-BETA CONCENTRATION AND DEPOSITION IN THE BRAIN SUGGESTING THAT SLEEP COULD BE A THERAPY TO PREVENT AD. KEY QUESTIONS REMAIN, HOWEVER, BEFORE AD PREVENTION TRIALS USING SLEEP CAN BEGIN. THIS STUDY PROPOSES TO ANSWER SEVERAL OF THESE QUESTIONS: 1) DOES POOR SLEEP QUALITY INCREASE A-BETA AND 2) DOES IMPROVING SLEEP QUALITY IN POOR SLEEPERS DECREASE A-BETA? FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016180S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EMILIE REAS, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016241F) MICROSTRUCTURAL MARKERS OF COGNITIVE AGING AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AS AGE-RELATED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA ARE GROWING HEALTH CONCERNS FOR OUR AGING POPULATION, IT'S BECOMING INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT TO DEVELOP TOOLS TO ACCURATELY DETECT THE EARLIEST SIGNS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). ALTHOUGH IMAGING METHODS, SUCH AS MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI), HAVE SHOWN PROMISE AT MEASURING CHANGES IN BRAIN STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA, THESE APPROACHES ARE RELATIVELY INSENSITIVE TO THE EARLIEST DISEASE STAGES, WHEN TREATMENTS WILL LIKELY BE MOST EFFECTIVE. A NEW BRAIN IMAGING TECHNIQUE, RESTRICTION SPECTRUM IMAGING (RSI), HAS SHOWN PROMISE AT REVEALING SMALLER-SCALE FEATURES OF BRAIN STRUCTURE THAN STANDARD TECHNIQUES. THIS PROJECT WILL TEST WHETHER NEW RSI-BASED MEASURES CAN RESOLVE SMALL-SCALE PATHWAYS THOUGHT TO BE AFFECTED BY AD, ACCURATELY PREDICT WHICH INDIVIDUALS WILL DECLINE COGNITIVELY, AND CORRELATE WITH OTHER KNOWN MARKERS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016241F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DAVID IRWIN, MD ENTITLED: (A2016244S) GENETIC RISK AND CLINICAL EXPRESSION OF TAUOPATHY ACROSS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS DEFINED BY THE PRESENCE OF AMYLOID PLAQUES AND TAU TANGLES IN THE BRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH MEMORY LOSS; HOWEVER, A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF PATIENTS WITH AD HAVE NON-MEMORY SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS LANGUAGE OR VISUOSPATIAL IMPAIRMENT. THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGY OF THESE NON-AMNESTIC AD PATIENTS IS UNDERSTUDIED. FURTHER UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENETIC INFLUENCE AND PROGRESSION OF TAU PATHOLOGY IN NON-AMNESTIC AD WILL IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WHO MAY BENEFIT FROM EMERGING THERAPIES THAT AIM TO HALT OR SLOW THE PROGRESSION OF PLAQUES AND TANGLES IN THE BRAIN AND ALSO IDENTIFY NEW GENETIC TARGETS FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016244S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY XIONG JIANG, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016251S) A NOVEL MULTIMODALITY MRI BIOMARKER OF ASYMPTOMATIC ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE AND THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEMENTIA. WITH NO KNOWN CURES OR DISEASE-MODIFYING THERAPIES, THERE IS A PRESSING NEED TO FIND BIOMARKERS THAT CAN ACCURATELY ASSESS AND PREDICT DISEASE PROGRESSION IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS. HOWEVER, DESPITE RECENT EFFORTS AND SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS IN RESEARCH, FINDING SUCH A BIOMARKER REMAINS A MAJOR CHALLENGE. GIVEN THAT AD IS HYPOTHESIZED TO LEAD TO CHANGES IN NEURONAL FUNCTION LONG BEFORE DETECTABLE BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENTS AND/OR BRAIN STRUCTURE CHANGES, FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (FMRI), WITH ITS ABILITY TO IMAGE BRAIN FUNCTION, HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BE A CRITICAL TOOL IN THE EARLY DETECTION OF AD AND A NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE THAT CAN BE USED IN THE EVALUATION OF TREATMENTS. HERE WE PROPOSE THAT A NOVEL INTRA-REGIONAL FMRI TECHNIQUE THAT WE RECENTLY DEVELOPED HAS THE POTENTIAL TO DETECT AND QUANTIFY SUBTLE NEURONAL DYSFUNCTION WITHIN BRAIN AREAS OF CLINICAL INTEREST (I.E., THE HIPPOCAMPUS) AT EARLY STAGES OF DISEASE. HOWEVER, THIS TECHNIQUE FOCUSES ON DETECTING CHANGES WITHIN REGIONS OF GRAY MATTER, WHICH MAINLY CONSIST OF NEURONAL CELL BODIES AND BRANCHING DENDRITES, THUS SOME ASPECTS OF EARLY AD PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES MIGHT BE DIFFICULT TO ASSESS WITH THIS NOVEL INTRA-REGIONAL FMRI TECHNIQUE, INCLUDING DISRUPTED FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN BRAIN REGIONS AND IMPAIRED INTEGRITY WITHIN WHITE MATTER, WHICH MAINLY RELATES TO NERVE FIBERS. THEREFORE, INTEGRATING THIS NOVEL FMRI TECHNIQUE WITH OTHER MRI MODALITIES IS EXPECTED TO LEAD TO AN INCREASE IN SENSITIVITY AND ACCURACY IN ASSESSING AD PROGRESSION. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE PROPOSE TO CONDUCT A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY USING A COMBINATION OF THIS NOVEL FMRI TECHNIQUE WITH OTHER MRI TECHNIQUES, WITH AN ULTIMATE GOAL OF DEVELOPING AND VALIDATING A MULTIMODAL MRI BIOMARKER OF ASYMPTOMATIC AD THAT IS HIGHLY SENSITIVE TO EARLY AD PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND CAN ACCURATELY DETECT AND ASSESS AD PROGRESSION. FOR THIS PURPOSE, WE WILL ENROLL INDIVIDUALS WITH AMNESTIC MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (AMCI), COGNITIVELY NORMAL (CN) INDIVIDUALS WITH GENETIC (APOE-4) AND FAMILY HISTORY RISK, AND CN INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT EITHER RISK FACTOR. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AD PROGRESSION AND MRI DATA OF EACH INDIVIDUAL MRI MODALITY WILL BE EXAMINED SEPARATELY (AIM 1). THEN WE WILL DEVELOP AND EVALUATE MULTIMODAL MRI BIOMARKERS OF AD USING POWERFUL MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS ON MULTIMODAL MRI DATA TO ASSESS CURRENT DISEASE STATUS (AIM 2). FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016251S
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DIANNE PEREZ, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016272S) NOVEL ALPHA1A-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR AGONISTS TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE NEED TO DEVELOP NEW DRUGS TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) THAT WORK IN DIFFERENT WAYS THAN CURRENT TREATMENTS BECAUSE CURRENT DRUGS AND CLINICAL TRIALS ARE NOT PROMISING OR ARE NOT VERY EFFECTIVE. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A NOVEL TARGET TO TREAT AD AND CAN SHOW EVIDENCE THAT MAKING DRUGS AGAINST THIS TARGET WILL IMPROVE BOTH THE SYMPTOMS AS WELL AS REPAIR OR PROTECT AGAINST THE BRAIN DAMAGE CAUSED BY THIS DISEASE. THIS PROJECT IS IMPORTANT IN ORDER TO VALIDATE THE TARGET AND THEN TO ACTUALLY MAKE NEW DRUGS THAT ARE THE MOST SELECTIVE FOR THIS TARGET, THEN TEST THESE DRUGS IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF THE DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016272S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARK HENKEMEYER, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016345S) EPHB RECEPTORS: NOVEL PRO-SYNAPTIC THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) SLOWLY PROGRESSES AS MORE AND MORE SYNAPSES IN THE BRAIN ARE DESTROYED. THIS FIRST CAUSES A GRADUAL DECLINE IN MEMORIES AND EVENTUALLY INEVITABLY LEADS TO DEMENTIA AND DEATH. EPHB RECEPTORS ARE IMPORTANT PROTEINS FOR SYNAPSE FUNCTION AND HEALTH, AS THEY HOLD HANDS WITH THE NMDA RECEPTOR PROTEIN TO HELP OUR BRAINS STORE MEMORIES. EPHB ALSO HAS THE UNFORTUNATE ABILITY TO HOLD HANDS WITH PLAQUE-FORMING AMYLOID-BETA (A-BETA) PEPTIDES MADE TO EVER INCREASING LEVELS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, AND THIS RISE IN A-BETA TARGETS EPHB FOR DEGRADATION, RESULTING IN A REDUCTION IN SYNAPSES AND MEMORIES. USING NOVEL HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENS OF SMALL DRUG-LIKE CHEMICAL LIBRARIES FOR COMPOUNDS THAT DISRUPT THE ABILITY OF EPHB TO BIND WITH A-BETA, I AIM TO DISCOVER A NEW CLASS OF MEDICINES THAT WILL HALT THE DESTRUCTION OF SYNAPSES AND AVERT MEMORY LOSS WITH DIRECT IMPLICATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016345S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHIA-CHEN LIU, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016346F) EFFECTS OF PERIPHERAL APOE ISOFORMS ON INFLAMMATION, BRAIN VASCULATURE, AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: STUDIES SHOW THAT HAVING APOLIPOPROTEIN E4 (APOE4) GENE MUTATION AND BLOOD VESSEL DISEASES (SUCH AS HYPOTENSION AND DIABETES) INCREASE A PERSON'S RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASES (AD). DUE TO THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB), A PROTECTIVE LAYER THAT SELECTIVELY PREVENTS LARGE MOLECULES IN THE BLOODSTREAM FROM ENTERING INTO THE BRAIN, THE APOE PRODUCED IN THE LIVER AND CIRCULATED IN THE BLOODSTREAM (PERIPHERY) DOES NOT MIX WITH APOE PRODUCED IN THE BRAIN. USING OUR UNIQUE MOUSE MODEL IN WHICH APOE IS PRODUCED ONLY IN THE LIVER, OUR STUDIES WILL FOR THE FIRST TIME TEST HOW PERIPHERAL APOE AFFECTS BLOOD VESSEL HEALTH, BRAIN FUNCTIONS, AND AD DISEASE PROGRESSION. OUR FINDINGS WILL BE VERY USEFUL IN UNDERSTANDING HOW APOE4 IMPAIRS BRAIN HEALTH AND MAY ULTIMATELY LEAD TO EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016346F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: J. DAVID GLADSTONE INSTITUTES. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TARA TRACY, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016360F) DEFICIENT KIBRA SIGNALING AT SYNAPSES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AFFLICTS MANY ELDERLY PEOPLE IN OUR SOCIETY; HOWEVER, THERE ARE FEW TREATMENT OPTIONS AVAILABLE AND NO KNOWN CURE FOR THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE. THE STRUCTURES BY WHICH NEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER IN THE BRAIN, CALLED SYNAPSES, ARE ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE TO TOXICITY IN AD. MY RESEARCH WILL ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE LOSS OF A KIDNEY AND BRAIN-EXPRESSED (KIBRA) PROTEIN AT SYNAPSES CONTRIBUTES TO COGNITIVE DECLINE IN AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016360F
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DOO YEON KIM, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016362S) ALTERED NEURAL FUNCTION IN A HUMAN 3D CULTURE MODEL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE WILL FURTHER DEVELOP AND CHARACTERIZE OUR HUMAN "ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IN A DISH" MODEL BASED ON THE UNIQUE THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) HUMAN NEURAL PROGENITOR CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUE. IN OUR RECENT PUBLICATION AND PRELIMINARY STUDIES, WE HAVE SHOWN THAT HUMAN 3D CELL CULTURE MODEL CAN RECAPITULATE KEY EVENTS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), WHICH HAS NOT BEEN FEASIBLE IN AD MODELS BASED ON ANIMALS. HERE, WE WILL INVESTIGATE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THESE PATHOGENIC EVENTS, INCLUDING AMYLOID BETA (A-BETA), TAU TANGLES, ABNORMAL NEURONAL ACTIVITY, SYNAPTIC/CELLULAR INJURY AND POTENTIALLY NEURODEGENERATION. IF SUCCESSFUL, OUR STUDIES WILL PROVIDE A NOVEL AND VALID PLATFORM FOR BASIC MECHANISTIC STUDIES AND DRUG SCREENING IN A HUMAN BRAIN-LIKE ENVIRONMENT, WHICH COULD LARGELY ACCELERATE AD DRUG DISCOVERY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016362S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: TUFTS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SELENE LOMOIO, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016379F) ROLE OF GGA3 IN BACE1 AXONAL TRAFFICKING. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: NEURONS, HIGHLY ORGANIZED BRAIN CELLS, ARE CHARACTERIZED BY SPECIALIZED PROJECTIONS CALLED DENDRITES AND AXONS. THE AXON IS THE LONGEST NEURONAL PROJECTION WHERE PROTEINS MOVE LIKE ALONG A HIGHWAY, IN TWO DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS AND AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS. SCIENTISTS HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT IN THE BRAIN OF PERSONS AFFECTED BY ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), A DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY MEMORY LOSS, THIS COORDINATED TRAFFIC PATTERN DOESN'T WORK PROPERLY, SO NEURONS START TO BE UNHEALTHY AND DIE. OUR GOAL IS TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND WHY THIS TRAFFIC IS NO LONGER FUNCTIONING IN ORDER TO FIND A WAY TO PREVENT THE NEURONAL TRAFFIC DISRUPTION AND POSSIBLY FIND A TREATMENT FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016379F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOACHIM HERZ, MD ENTITLED: (A2016396S) TARGETING THE ENDOSOME FOR ALZHEIMER'S DRUG DISCOVERY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: APOLIPOPROTEIN E4 (APOE4) STATUS IS THE PRIMARY AND BIOMEDICALLY MOST IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. WE HAVE FOUND A NOVEL MECHANISM BY WHICH APOE4 WEAKENS SYNAPTIC STRENGTH IN NEURONS, WHICH LED US TO IDENTIFY A PROMISING NOVEL DRUG TARGET, NHE6. THIS PROPOSAL AIMS TO ESTABLISH THE NECESSARY MECHANISTIC AND INFRASTRUCTURAL BASELINE TO SCREEN FOR NHE6 SPECIFIC INHIBITORS AND FOR DISCOVERING NOVEL POTENTIAL METHODS TO TARGET NHE6 FUNCTION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. THIS IS NECESSARY FOR THE EVOLUTION OF A CONCEPTUALLY NOVEL AND THERAPEUTICALLY EFFECTIVE PREVENTIVE APPROACH TO AD, AT LEAST FOR THE MAJORITY OF PATIENTS CARRYING THE APOE4 ALLELE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016396S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CATHERINE KACZOROWSKI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016397S) SYSTEM GENETICS TO IDENTIFY MODIFIERS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE AGE OF ONSET AND SEVERITY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS SUBJECT TO EXTREME VARIATION ACROSS THE HUMAN POPULATION. DESPITE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS AND DECADES OF RESEARCH, OVER 70 PERCENT OF THIS VARIATION REMAINS UNEXPLAINED. THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO IDENTIFY GENES THAT MODIFY THE ONSET AND SEVERITY OF AD IN A WELL-CHARACTERIZED, GENETICALLY DIVERSE MOUSE POPULATION. SUBSEQUENT GENE THERAPY WILL BE USED TO VALIDATE IDENTIFIED GENES AND RESCUE/TREAT MEMORY FAILURE IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AD. RESULTS OF THIS RESEARCH WILL MAKE A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENETICS OF AD AND HAVE THE IMMENSE POTENTIAL TO TRANSLATE INTO INDIVIDUALIZED THERAPIES FOR AGING HUMANS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016397S
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WENJIE LUO, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016399S) RETROMER CHAPERONE R33 SELECTIVELY PROMOTES AMYLOID-BETA DEGRADATION BY MICROGLIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ACCUMULATION OF ABNORMAL AMYLOID AND TAU PROTEINS IN THE BRAINS ARE BELIEVED TO BE DETRIMENTAL FOR BRAIN FUNCTIONS; THUS SEARCHING FOR WAYS TO REDUCE THESE BAD PROTEINS FROM THE BRAIN MAY HELP US FIND A PROMISING DRUG FOR AD. WE HAVE FOUND THAT A SMALL CHEMICAL MOLECULE CAN MAKE MICROGLIA, A SPECIAL BRAIN CELL WITH CAPABILITY TO CLEAN UP THESE BAD PROTEINS, AND HELP THEM WORK MORE EFFICIENTLY IN CLEARANCE OF AMYLOID PROTEINS. THIS PROJECT WILL PRODUCE IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR US TO UNDERSTAND HOW THIS SMALL CHEMICAL HELPS MICROGLIA CLEAN UP AMYLOID PROTEINS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016399S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY RACHEL BENNETT, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016404F) BLOOD VESSEL CHANGES IN TAUOPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE HAVE OBSERVED THAT TAU, A KEY PLAYER IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), LEADS TO BLOOD VESSEL CHANGES AND INCREASED EXPRESSION OF PROTEINS INVOLVED IN NEW BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH IN THE BRAINS OF MICE. WE DO NOT KNOW IF THESE CHANGES CONTRIBUTE TO CELL DEATH AND ACCUMULATION OF AD PROTEINS. THIS RESEARCH AIMS TO DETERMINE IF BLOOD VESSEL ALTERATIONS ARE AN EARLY OR LATE EVENT IN THE DISEASE PROCESS AND TO USE "OFF THE SHELF" DRUGS TO PREVENT BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH. ALTOGETHER, THESE STUDIES WILL DETERMINE IF THE OBSERVED CHANGES ARE HARMFUL AND MAY POINT TOWARDS WIDELY AVAILABLE TREATMENT OPTIONS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016404F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: YALE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SWETHA GOWRISHANKAR, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016411F) ELUCIDATING THE ROLE OF ALTERED AXONAL LYSOSOME TRANSPORT IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: A ROBUST FEATURE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BRAIN PATHOLOGY IS THE ACCUMULATION OF LYSOSOMES (DIGESTIVE ORGANELLES OF CELLS) IN SWOLLEN NEURONAL AXONS THAT SURROUND AMYLOID PLAQUES. HOW THESE LYSOSOMES COME TO ACCUMULATE AND WHAT THEIR ROLE IS IN AD HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED. WHILE A MAJOR FUNCTION OF LYSOSOMES IS TO DEGRADE PROTEINS, OUR RECENT WORK INVESTIGATING THESE PLAQUE-ASSOCIATED LYSOSOMES DEMONSTRATED THAT THEY LACK THE ENZYMES REQUIRED FOR EFFICIENT PROTEIN DEGRADATION. THIS SUGGESTS A MODEL WHEREIN AMYLOID PLAQUES CAUSE A BLOCKADE IN THE TRANSPORT AND MATURATION OF LYSOSOMES IN SURROUNDING NEURONAL AXONS. THESE IMMATURE LYSOSOMES APPEAR TO CONTAIN THE MACHINERY REQUIRED TO MAKE MORE OF THE AMYLOID BETA PEPTIDE THAT IS THE MAJOR COMPONENT OF AMYLOID PLAQUES. THUS, THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AMYLOID PLAQUES AND NEURONAL AXONS ARE PREDICTED TO RESULT IN A VICIOUS CYCLE THAT CONTRIBUTES TO FURTHER DISEASE PATHOLOGY. MY PROPOSED RESEARCH AIMS TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS COMPREHENSIVELY BY ESTABLISHING A NEURONAL PRIMARY CULTURE MODEL FOR SUCH AXONAL LYSOSOME TRANSPORT DEFECTS. THIS SYSTEM WILL BE AMENABLE TO DRUG MANIPULATIONS AND GENETIC PERTURBATIONS TO ELUCIDATE BOTH THE MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL LYSOSOME BIOGENESIS AND TRANSPORT IN NEURONAL AXONS, AS WELL AS THE IMPACT OF IMPAIRED LYSOSOME TRANSPORT ON THE AMYLOIDOGENIC PROCESSING OF THE AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN (APP). I WILL FURTHERMORE INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF LYSOSOME AXONAL TRANSPORT DEFECTS ON AD BRAIN PATHOLOGY (SUCH AS AMYLOID PLAQUE GROWTH AND NUMBER) THROUGH THE USE OF GENETIC PERTURBATIONS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016411F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY QIAOQIAO SHI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016425F) CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL C3 CONDITIONAL KNOCKOUT MICE: TOOLS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF COMPLEMENT IN SYNAPTIC DYSFUNCTION IN AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: COMPLEMENT C3, AN IMMUNE MOLECULE THAT HELPS TO REFINE THE VISUAL SYSTEM DURING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT BY REMOVING WEAK NERVE CONNECTIONS CALLED "SYNAPSES" IS UP-REGULATED IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND THEREFORE MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE SYNAPSE LOSS THAT UNDERLIES COGNITIVE DECLINE. WE RECENTLY REPORTED THAT AGED MICE LACKING C3 THROUGHOUT LIFE HAVE PRESERVED SYNAPSES AND BETTER MEMORY THAN NORMAL AGED MICE. TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND WHEN AND WHERE C3 PLAYS A ROLE IN AD, WE HAVE GENERATED TWO NOVEL MOUSE MODELS IN WHICH C3 GENE EXPRESSION CAN BE SHUT OFF AT ANY AGE BY INJECTION OF A CHEMICAL, OF DELETED IN SPECIFIC IMMUNE CELLS (ONLY) THROUGHOUT LIFE. FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF THESE MICE WILL BETTER DEFINE THE ROLE OF C3 IN THE AGING BRAIN AND AD AND MAY DIRECT US TO NEW THERAPIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016425F
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LAURA WISSE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016432F) THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE IN PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND AGING. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DRUG TRIALS ARE INCREASINGLY BEING STARTED IN AN EARLY STAGE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BEFORE MEMORY PROBLEMS START, TO PREVENT BRAIN DAMAGE FROM BECOMING TOO SEVERE. TO TEST HOW WELL SUCH A TREATMENT IS WORKING, WE NEED A GOOD MEASURE THAT CAN TRACK THE TREATMENT EFFECTS IN THE BRAIN. A GOOD CANDIDATE FOR THAT IS THE BRAIN REGION KNOWN AS THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE, BECAUSE IT IS AFFECTED IN AN EARLY STAGE OF AD. HOWEVER, A FACT THAT COMPLICATES USING THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE AS A MARKER IS THAT THIS BRAIN REGION IS ALSO AFFECTED IN NORMAL AGING. TO SEPARATE THE EFFECTS OF PRECLINICAL AD FROM NORMAL AGING, WE PLAN TO INVESTIGATE THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE WITH A MORE PRECISE, HIGH RESOLUTION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SCANNER, WHICH WILL ALLOW US TO INVESTIGATE SMALLER REGIONS WITHIN THIS BRAIN REGION WHICH, IN CONTRAST TO THE CRUDER MEASUREMENTS, ARE EXPECTED TO SHOW DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF AGING AND PRECLINICAL AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016432F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MCLEAN HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JENNIFER GATCHEL, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016434F) DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND TAU PET IMAGING IN EARLY ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), CHANGES OCCUR NOT ONLY IN A PERSON'S MEMORY AND THINKING, BUT ALSO IN THEIR MOOD AND BEHAVIOR; SYMPTOMS SUCH AS DEPRESSION, APATHY AND WITHDRAWAL ARE COMMON AND DISTRESSING TO PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES, AND CAN BE JUST AS DEBILITATING, IF NOT MORE SO, THAN CHANGES IN MEMORY AND THINKING. THESE PSYCHIATRIC AND BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS MAY OCCUR VERY EARLY IN THE DISEASE PROCESS, IN THE "PRE-ALZHEIMER'S" DISEASE STAGE, WHEN A PERSON MAY HAVE THE AD PROTEINS, AMYLOID BETA (A-BETA) AND TAU, IN THEIR BRAINS, BUT BEFORE THEY HAVE DEVELOPED OVERT SIGNS OF THE DISEASE. THERE IS CURRENTLY NOT A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF WHY AND HOW THESE DEBILITATING PSYCHIATRIC AND BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS OCCUR, AND THERE ARE FEW EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS. VISUALIZING A-BETA IN THE BRAINS OF OLDER ADULTS, AND NOW, DUE TO AN EXCITING NEW TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED IN OUR GROUP THAT WILL ALSO ALLOW US FOR THE FIRST TIME TO VISUALIZE THE TAU PROTEIN IN THE BRAINS OF LIVING OLDER ADULTS, THIS PROJECT WILL BE VITAL BY 1) ALLOWING US TO SEE HOW MILD PSYCHIATRIC AND BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS RELATE TO BUILD UP OF A-BETA, TAU, AND BRAIN PATHWAY CHANGES IN NORMAL OLDER ADULTS AND THOSE IN THE PRE-ALZHEIMER'S AND EARLY AD STAGES, AND 2) PROVIDING IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT PATTERNS OF PSYCHIATRIC AND BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS THAT MAY HELP US TO IDENTIFY THOSE MOST AT RISK, ALL OF WHICH WILL PAVE THE WAY FOR DEVELOPING MORE EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016434F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY STEPHEN MARTIN, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016443S) A NEW APPROACH TO TREATING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MOST PREVALENT, NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE AFFECTING THE ELDERLY, BUT ALL APPROVED MEDICATIONS FOR AD ONLY TEMPORARILY ADDRESS THE SYMPTOMS, NOT THE PROGRESSION, OF AD. BECAUSE THERE IS AN URGENT, UNMET NEED FOR DRUGS TO TREAT BOTH THE SYMPTOMS AND THE DISEASE, THE PROPOSED PROGRAM WILL EXPLORE A NOVEL STRATEGY TO TREAT AD BY TARGETING A BIOLOGICAL PATHWAY DIFFERENT FROM THOSE OF ALL EXISTING DRUGS AND KNOWN CLINICAL CANDIDATES. IF SUCCESSFUL, A COMPOUND WILL BE IDENTIFIED THAT HOLDS PROMISE FOR THOSE SUFFERING FROM AD, THUS REPRESENTING A NEW WAY TO TREAT THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016443S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANA PEREIRA, MD ENTITLED: (A2016478S) GLT-1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND AS A TARGET TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLUTAMATE IS A CHEMICAL THAT ALLOWS NEURONS TO COMMUNICATE; A CRITICALLY IMPORTANT FEATURE FOR MEMORY. GLUTAMATE NEEDS TO BE AT THE CORRECT PLACE AND TIME TO ALLOW EFFICIENT NEURONAL COMMUNICATION AND TO AVOID TOXICITY. GLUTAMATE LEVELS ARE REGULATED BY THE GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER 1 (GLT-1). THIS PROPOSAL INVESTIGATES THE MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH GLT-1 BECOMES DYSREGULATED USING SEVERAL TECHNIQUES. THESE EXPERIMENTS MAY ALLOW DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL MEDICATIONS THAT CAN BRING GLT-1'S FUNCTION TO NORMAL LEVELS AND SIGNIFICANTLY BENEFIT ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016478S
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEAN-VIANNEY HAURE-MIRANDE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016482F) ROLE OF TYROBP IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RECENT STUDIES HIGHLIGHT THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND ITS ACTIVATION CAN BE A "DOUBLE-EDGE SWORD" EVENT IN AD: ON ONE HAND, IT CAN PROTECT THE BRAIN BY REDUCING THE FORMATION OF AMYLOID PLAQUE BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, IT CAN INDUCE BRAIN INFLAMMATION AND HAVE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS. THE AIM OF OUR PROJECT IS TO: 1) UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF AD, AND 2) PROVIDE NEW INSIGHT FOR A THERAPEUTIC TARGET TO CONTROL AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016482F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZIXU MAO, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016501S) AUTOPHAGY IN MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION AND NEUROINFLAMMATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SCIENTISTS NOW BELIEVE THAT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN IS AN IMPORTANT CAUSE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND TREATING INFLAMMATION CAN REDUCE ONE'S CHANCE OF GETTING THE DISEASE. SCIENTISTS KNOW WHICH TYPES OF BRAIN CELLS ARE MOST IMPORTANT FOR CAUSING THE BRAIN INFLAMMATION BUT DO NOT HAVE A GOOD UNDERSTANDING OF WHY AND HOW THIS OCCURS. THE PROPOSED STUDY WILL HELP US ANSWER THESE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. IT MAY ALLOW US TO FIND NEW WAYS TO TREAT BRAIN INFLAMMATION TO SLOW OR PREVENT THE DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016501S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY STEPHEN SALTON, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016508S) ROLE OF VGF IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOGENESIS AND PROGRESSION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: PREVIOUS WORK FROM OUR LAB AND OTHERS HAS DEMONSTRATED A SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE NEURONAL PROTEIN VGF, WHICH IS A NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, IN THE BRAINS OF PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. MOREOVER, A NUMBER OF BIOMARKER STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED THAT VGF-DERIVED PEPTIDES IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) ARE DECREASED IN PATIENTS WITH AD BUT NOT IN CONTROL PATIENTS. THESE DATA INDICATE THAT DECREASED VGF EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN AND CSF IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE; WE PROPOSE TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER THIS DECLINE IS MECHANISTICALLY INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OR PROGRESSION OF AD. IN PRECLINICAL STUDIES, WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS BY WHICH VGF DELAYS OR REVERSES MEMORY DYSFUNCTION AND NEUROPATHOLOGY IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AD, AND LASTLY WILL INVESTIGATE WHETHER A VGF-DERIVED PEPTIDE COULD BE THERAPEUTICALLY HARNESSED TO SUPPRESS MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN THESE MICE, PROVIDING A STRONG FOUNDATION FOR FUTURE EXPLORATION OF APPROACHES THAT DELIVER VGF AND/OR VGF-DERIVED PEPTIDES TO PATIENTS WITH AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016508S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TSUNEYA IKEZU, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016551S) NOVEL TREM2 REPORTER PLATFORM FOR DRUG DISCOVERY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE PROPOSE TO IDENTIFY A DRUG, WHICH CAN ENHANCE CLEARANCE OF AN UNWANTED BUILDUP OF PROTEIN FIBRIL AND DEAD CELLS IN THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BRAIN. FOR THAT PURPOSE, WE WILL FOCUS ON A NEW MOLECULE, TRIGGERING RECEPTOR EXPRESSED ON MYELOID CELLS 2 (TREM2), WHICH HAS NEVER BEEN TESTED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRUG. THE MOLECULE IS EXPRESSED ON THE SURFACE OF IMMUNE CELLS AND FACILITATES THEIR UPTAKE OF PROTEIN FIBRILS OR DEAD CELLS. WE WILL VALIDATE THE CANDIDATE DRUGS ON TISSUE-CULTURED CELLS FROM HUMANS, AND ON ANIMAL MODELS OF AD. OUR LONG-TERM GOAL IS TO DISCOVER A PROPHYLACTIC AND THERAPEUTIC DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016551S
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PAUL SEIDLER, PHD ENTITLED: (A2016588F) TAU STRUCTURES: FROM PROTEOPATHIC TO PROTECTIVE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE WORK OUTLINED IN THIS PROPOSAL WILL EXPAND OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BY DELINEATING THE STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIES THAT ARE AVAILABLE TO TAU. TOXIC FORMS OF THE PROTEIN WILL BE DETERMINED AND USED TO TEMPLATE THE DESIGN OF PEPTIDE AGENTS THAT BLOCK THE ASSEMBLY OF THESE STRUCTURES. NATURAL VARIATIONS IN TAU THAT PROTECT AGAINST THE FORMATION OF TOXIC ASSEMBLIES WILL BE STUDIED TO UNCOVER NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION, AND TO GAIN INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH AMYLOID FIBERS FORM, PROPAGATE, AND EXERT TOXICITY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2016588F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS BAYVIEW MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CONSTANTINE LYKETSOS, MD, MHS ENTITLED: (C2015500) ACCELERATING THE DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND DISSEMINATION OF HOME BASE DEMENSIA CARE INTERVENTION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HUMAN COMPUTATION INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PIETRO MICHELUCCI, PHD ENTITLED: (CA2016629) CROWD-POWERED MICROVASCULAR MODELING.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YUTAO LIU, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016023) MIR-182 AND TRABECULAR MESHWORK DYSFUNCTION IN HIGH TENSION GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA (POAG) IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF GLAUCOMA AND LOWERING EYE PRESSURE IS THE MAIN APPROACH TO TREATING POAG IN THE CLINIC. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO STUDY HOW A SHORT RNA MOLECULE MIR-182 MAY AFFECT THE OUTFLOW OF THE CLEAR LIQUID IN THE FRONT PART OF HUMAN EYES. WE WILL EXAMINE HOW THIS SHORT RNA AFFECTS EYE PRESSURE USING AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH. THIS STUDY MAY GENERATE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TO CONTROL EYE PRESSURE IN HUMAN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS WITH HIGH EYE PRESSURE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016023 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY XIUQIAN MU, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016024) GENERATION OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS BY REPROGRAMING. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A DISEASE THAT CAUSES VISION LOSS AND BLINDNESS IN MILLIONS OF PEOPLE. THIS PROPOSAL AIMS AT IMPROVING EXISTING AND ESTABLISHING NEW PROCEDURES TO GENERATE RETINAL GANGLION CELLS, THE CELLS AFFECTED IN GLAUCOMA, IN A PETRI DISH. THE CELLS THUS PRODUCED WILL BE USED TO STUDY THE REASONS CAUSING GLAUCOMA, TO SCREEN FOR DRUGS TO TREAT IT, AND TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016024 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RAQUEL LIEBERMAN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016027) IDENTIFICATION OF MYOCILIN POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS AND BINDING PARTNERS UNDER STATIC AND GLAUCOMA-RELEVANT MECHANICAL STRETCH. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MYOCILIN, A PROTEIN MOLECULE ASSOCIATED WITH TWO SPECIFIC FORMS OF GLAUCOMA, IS EXPRESSED AT HIGH LEVELS IN THE EYE TISSUE WHOSE MALFUNCTION IS LINKED TO THE MOST COMMON RISK FACTOR FOR GLAUCOMA, OCULAR HYPERTENSION. TO THIS DAY, THE NORMAL FUNCTION OF MYOCILIN IN THE EYE TISSUE, AND ELSEWHERE IN THE BODY, REMAINS UNKNOWN. HERE WE WILL USE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MYOCILIN STRUCTURE AND MODERN PROTEOMICS TECHNIQUES TO IDENTIFY CHANGES IN MYOCILIN AND INTERACTING PARTNERS UNDER DISTINCT GLAUCOMA-RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTS. THIS RESEARCH WILL HELP CLARIFY MYOCILIN FUNCTION AND WILL LEAD TO NEW TARGETS FOR NOVEL ANTI-GLAUCOMA THERAPIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016027 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KEVIN CHAN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016030) WIDESPREAD STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL BRAIN CHANGES AND VISUOMOTOR IMPAIRMENTS IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE, AND FALLS ARE A MAJOR HEALTH CONCERN IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. RECENTLY, INCREASING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT GLAUCOMA IS NOT AN EYE-ONLY DISEASE BUT ALSO INVOLVES WIDESPREAD CHANGES IN THE BRAIN, BUT ITS CAUSES AND THE POTENTIAL CLINICAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS ON VISUOMOTOR FUNCTION REMAIN UNCLEAR. THE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS TO UNDERSTAND HOW GLAUCOMA MAY IMPAIR THE BRAIN STRUCTURALLY AND FUNCTIONALLY WITHIN AND BEYOND THE VISUAL PATHWAY, AND WHETHER THE BRAIN CHANGES IN GLAUCOMA ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY VISION LOSS OR BALANCE AND MOBILITY IMPAIRMENTS. THE FINDINGS WILL IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS OF VISUOMOTOR IMPAIRMENTS IN GLAUCOMA AND ULTIMATELY GUIDE VISION PRESERVATION AND FALLS-RELATED INTERVENTIONS TO INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016030
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MEREDITH GREGORY-KSANDER, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016081) THE NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME AS A NEW TARGET IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IT IS BELIEVED THAT GLAUCOMA DEVELOPS WHEN A PART OF THE EYE CONTAINING NERVES (THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD) IS STRESSED AND DAMAGED. INFLAMMATION IS PART OF THE BODY'S WOUND HEALING RESPONSE TO INJURY, BUT IF THIS RESPONSE BECOMES CHRONIC IT CAN LEAD TO SCARRING AND LOSS OF FUNCTION. OUR PROJECT IDENTIFIES AN IMPORTANT NEW REGULATOR OF INFLAMMATION IN THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD AND TESTS WHETHER INHIBITING THIS REGULATOR WILL STOP DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND VISION LOSS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016081 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YVONNE OU, MD ENTITLED: (G2016084) RETINAL SYNAPSE DISASSEMBLY IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN GLAUCOMA, THE CELLS OF THE OPTIC NERVE DIE AND THAT CAN LEAD TO BLINDNESS. ALTHOUGH WE KNOW THAT OPTIC NERVE CELLS ARE INJURED IN GLAUCOMA, WE DO NOT YET UNDERSTAND THE STEPS BETWEEN OPTIC NERVE CELL INJURY AND DEATH. A DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF THE EARLIEST CHANGES THAT OCCUR WILL ALLOW US TO DESIGN TREATMENTS THAT CAN RESCUE THESE INJURED OPTIC NERVE CELLS BEFORE IRREVERSIBLE CELL DEATH OCCURS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016084 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY HAIYAN GONG, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016099) CELL-CELL INTERACTION IN GIANT VACUOLE/PORE FORMATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: NORMAL PRESSURE INSIDE OF THE EYE IS MAINTAINED THROUGH A DYNAMIC BALANCE BETWEEN AQUEOUS HUMOR PRODUCTION AND DRAINAGE, AND HIGHER EYE PRESSURE IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA (POAG), A DISEASE THAT IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE. FOR AQUEOUS HUMOR TO DRAIN OUT OF THE EYE, IT NEEDS TO EXIT THROUGH A TUBE, SCHLEMM'S CANAL (SC), AND TWO UNIQUE STRUCTURES CAN BE FOUND IN THE CELLS THAT LINE THE WALL OF SC: GIANT VACUOLES, WHICH ARE PRESSURE-DEPENDENT OUTPOUCHINGS, AND PORES, WHICH ARE OPENINGS. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT A REDUCTION IN THE DENSITY OF BOTH GIANT VACUOLES AND PORES OCCURS IN THE EYES WITH POAG, INDICATING THAT THIS REDUCTION CAN POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTE TO THE ELEVATED OUTFLOW RESISTANCE CHARACTERISTIC OF THIS DISEASE. WE PROPOSE TO STUDY TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR INTERACTIONS IN THE CELLS THAT LINE SC USING A NEWLY DEVELOPED, ADVANCED 3D ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGY. THE MAJOR GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DETERMINE WHETHER EACH OF THESE TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR INTERACTIONS PLAYS A ROLE IN REGULATING AQUEOUS OUTFLOW BY INFLUENCING GIANT VACUOLE AND PORE FORMATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016099 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOARD OF REGENTS, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SYSTEM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GILLIAN MCLELLAN, BVMS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016129) TGF-BETA AND GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION IN A SPONTANEOUS MODEL. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA REMAINS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS GLOBALLY, AND IT IS ESTIMATED THAT OVER 76 MILLION PEOPLE WILL BE AFFECTED THIS DISEASE BY 2020. THERE IS MOUNTING EVIDENCE THAT A CHEMICAL GROWTH FACTOR, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA (TGF-BETA), PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN PROCESSES THAT LEAD TO DAMAGE TO THE OPTIC NERVE, RESULTING IN VISION LOSS. THIS RESEARCH SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND HOW WE MIGHT PROTECT THE OPTIC NERVE FROM DAMAGING EFFECTS OF TGF-BETA AND WILL TEST A PROMISING NEW TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR GLAUCOMA PATIENTS BY REPURPOSING AN EXISTING DRUG TO BLOCK TGF-BETA AND PRESERVE VISION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016129
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY DANIEL SUN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016137) DO WE NEED OPTIC NERVE HEAD ASTROCYTES TO BECOME REACTIVE IN GLAUCOMA? INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE STILL DON'T KNOW HOW PEOPLE LOSE THEIR VISION IN GLAUCOMA. TO DATE, WE HAVE A STRONG IDEA OF WHERE IN THE EYE THE DAMAGE BEGINS, BUT THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES HAPPENING AT THIS LOCATION, AND THE CELLS THAT ARE INVOLVED, REMAIN UNCLEAR. THIS IS IMPORTANT TO FIND OUT IF WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO BETTER TARGET THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. MY RESEARCH FOCUSES ON BETTER UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE THAT A TYPE OF SUPPORTING CELL CALLED ASTROCYTES PLAYS IN THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESS OF GLAUCOMA, IE, WHETHER THEY HELP TO SLOW DOWN THE VISION LOSS IN GLAUCOMA OR MAKE IT WORSE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016137 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY AUDREY BERNSTEIN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016151) AUTOPHAGIC DYSFUNCTION IN EXFOLIATION GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN EXFOLIATION SYNDROME (XFS), THE EYE STARTS ACCUMULATING "WHITE FLUFF" DEPOSITS COMPOSED OF PROTEIN AGGREGATES. THE AGGREGATES EVENTUALLY BLOCK THE EXIT OF FLUID FROM THE EYE, CAUSING A BUILDUP OF PRESSURE THAT CAN LEAD TO BLINDNESS. WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT CELLS OBTAINED FROM XFS EYES MAY HAVE A PROBLEM DEGRADING THESE PROTEIN AGGREGATES, LEADING TO AN ACCUMULATION OF "CELLULAR TRASH" THAT BECOMES TOXIC. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE WILL TEST METHODS TO ACCELERATE DEGRADATION OF THIS CELLULAR WASTE TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF XFS CELLS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016151 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SHAHID HUSAIN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016157) PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES REGULATION BY HIF-1 ALPHA IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN GLAUCOMA, NEURONS ARE DYING SLOWLY AND LEADING TO BLINDNESS. NUMEROUS DETRIMENTAL FACTORS, INCLUDING LOW OXYGEN (HYPOXIA), PLAY KEY ROLES IN THE PROGRESSION OF THIS DISEASE. OUR TEAM HAS SHOWN THAT THE NEUROTOXIC PROTEINS, INCLUDING CYTOKINES AND HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-1 ALPHA (HIF-1 ALPHA) ARE UP-REGULATED AND FACILITATE NEURONAL DEATH IN GLAUCOMA. THE PROPOSED STUDIES IN THIS PROJECT WILL LIMIT THE UP-REGULATION OF SUCH NEUROTOXIC PROTEINS TO SLOW/HALT THE NEURONAL DEATH IN GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016157 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY CRAWFORD DOWNS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2016165) CONTINUOUS TELEMETRIC MEASUREMENT AND CHRONIC CONTROL OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PRESSURE.INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PRESSURE INSIDE THE EYE HAS LONG BEEN THOUGHT TO PLAY A DOMINANT ROLE IN GLAUCOMA, A BLINDING DISEASE, BUT RECENT WORK SUGGESTS THAT THE FLUID PRESSURE SURROUNDING THE NERVE EXITING THE EYE IS ALSO INVOLVED. THESE PRESSURES ARE NOT EASY TO MEASURE, SO THERE HAS BEEN NO GOOD WAY TO DETERMINE IF THE PRESSURE AROUND THE NERVE IS TRULY IMPORTANT IN GLAUCOMA. WE HAVE DEVELOPED A NEW SYSTEM TO WIRELESSLY MEASURE AND RECORD THE PRESSURE IN THE EYE CONTINUOUSLY IN RESEARCH SUBJECTS, AND WE NOW WANT TO EXTEND THAT SYSTEM TO MEASURE THE PRESSURE AROUND THE NERVE EXITING THE EYE. USING THIS SYSTEM, WE CAN DEFINITIVELY DETERMINE IF THE PRESSURE AROUND THE NERVE IS IMPORTANT IN GLAUCOMA, WHICH COULD LEAD TO NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR THIS BLINDING DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2016165
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PETR BARANOV, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016046) INDIRECT PHOTORECEPTOR NEUROPROTECTION THROUGH SMALL MOLECULE-INDUCED GROWTH FACTORS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE AIM TO IDENTIFY SMALL MOLECULES THAT CAN INDUCE ENDOGENOUS GROWTH FACTORS IN THE SENSORY PART OF THE EYE THE RETINA. OUR OVERALL GOAL IS TO INVESTIGATE THE POWER OF THIS INDIRECT NEUROPROTECTION APPROACH TO RESCUE PHOTORECEPTORS AND GANGLION CELLS FROM DEATH, OVERCOMING LIMITATIONS USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH FACTOR DELIVERY. THE RESULTS OF OUR STUDIES SHOULD LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL, ACCESSIBLE AND EFFECTIVE MOLECULAR THERAPIES FOR RETINAL DYSTROPHIES AND OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016046 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JIANHAI DU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016047) NAD METABOLISM IN NORMAL AND DISEASE-SPECIFIC HUMAN RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SOME EYE DISEASES, LIKE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, CAUSE BLINDNESS BECAUSE THE LIGHT-SENSING CELLS AND THEIR SUPPORT CELLS IN THE EYE STOP WORKING. WE BELIEVE THAT ONE OF THE REASONS THE SUPPORT CELLS STOP WORKING IS BECAUSE THEIR ABILITY TO GENERATE ENERGY FOR THEMSELVES IS DAMAGED. WE WOULD LIKE TO UNDERSTAND HOW THIS DAMAGE OCCURS AND TO TEST WHETHER NEW NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS, CALLED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD) METABOLITES, CAN IMPROVE THEIR ABILITY TO CONTINUE TO SURVIVE AND FUNCTION. IF THESE NEW SUPPLEMENTS CAN RESCUE THE SUPPORT CELLS WHEN STUDIED IN A CELL CULTURE DISH AND IN A MOUSE MODEL, WE BELIEVE THEY MAY BE ABLE TO SLOW OR STOP VISION LOSS IN PATIENTS WITH AMD AND OTHER SIMILAR RETINAL DISEASES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016047 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DEBASISH SINHA, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016056) MODULATING LYSOSOMAL FUNCTION IN RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR THE TREATMENT OF AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS AMONG THE ELDERLY AND CURRENTLY THERE IS NO KNOWN TREATMENT FOR EARLY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). THEREFORE, WE WANT TO FOCUS OUR STUDIES AT THIS EARLY PHASE IN ORDER TO DEVELOP PREVENTION AND TREATMENT BEFORE THIS DISEASE ADVANCES AND CAUSES DRAMATIC VISION LOSS. OUR PROPOSED STUDIES ARE AIMED AT DEVELOPING NOVEL SMALL MOLECULES THAT COULD BE TESTED AS A THERAPY FOR EARLY AMD. SUCH STUDIES HAVE GREAT CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SINCE THEY CAN PROVIDE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016056 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JEFFREY GROSS, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016067) A ZEBRAFISH MODEL OF AMD: A NOVEL APPROACH TO IDENTIFY FACTORS THAT FACILITATE RPE REGENERATION AND FUNCTIONAL RESTORATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GEOGRAPHIC AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) RESULTS FROM THE PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE), TRIGGERING PHOTORECEPTOR DEGENERATION IN THE RETINA AND ULTIMATELY, IN BLINDNESS; WE HAVE NO EFFECTIVE THERAPIES TO SLOW THE DEGENERATION OR RESTORE LOST RPE CELLS. IN CONTRAST TO MAMMALS, ZEBRAFISH POSSESS A REMARKABLE ABILITY TO REGENERATE LOST TISSUES AFTER INJURY, AND THEY ARE A HEAVILY UTILIZED MODEL SYSTEM FOR STUDYING THE PROCESS OF RETINAL REGENERATION. OUR RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES, FOR THE FIRST TIME, THAT THEY CAN ALSO REPAIR DAMAGE TO THE RPE AND EXPERIMENTS PLANNED IN THIS PROPOSAL SEEK TO UNDERSTAND THIS PROCESS BY IDENTIFYING CRITICAL FACTORS REQUIRED TO INITIATE AND SUSTAIN THE REGENERATIVE RESPONSE. ONCE WE UNDERSTAND HOW THE ZEBRAFISH ACHIEVES THIS DURING ITS NORMAL LIFESPAN, OUR FUTURE GOALS WILL BE TO DETERMINE WHY MAMMALS, LIKE US, ARE UNABLE TO REGENERATE RPE CELLS AND WHETHER ANY OF THE PATHWAYS THE ZEBRAFISH UTILIZES CAN BE REACTIVATED IN MAMMALS TO STIMULATE RPE REGENERATION AND THUS, RESTORE CELLS LOST IN AMD PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016067
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY FRANCESCO GIORGIANNI, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016068) IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES OF CD5L/AIM AS A POSSIBLE KEY ROLE PLAYER IN DRUSEN BIOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT CERTAIN CELLS OF THE EYE, TERMED RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE), THAT ARE TYPICALLY DAMAGED IN A COMMON DISEASE OF THE ELDERLY CALLED AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), EXPRESS A PROTEIN THAT IS TARGETED BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF PATIENTS WHO HAVE AMD BY MEANS OF AUTO-ANTIBODIES. THIS PROTEIN WE DISCOVERED IN THE RPE IS CD5L/AIM, WHICH IS A SECRETED SCAVENGER RECEPTOR PROTEIN, AND WE HAVE EVIDENCE SUGGESTING THAT CD5L/AIM IS VERY IMPORTANT IN HELPING THE RPE CLEAR DAMAGED LIPOPROTEINS (CALLED OXLDL) THAT, IN AMD, ACCUMULATE UNDER THE RPE TO FORM DRUSEN, A DEPOSIT THAT IS THE FIRST AND MOST TYPICAL EVIDENCE THAT AN EYE HAS DEVELOPED AMD. THUS, WE WILL CULTURE RPE CELLS IN VITRO TO PROVE THAT CD5L/AIM IS A KEY MOLECULE IN CLEARING OXLDL AND THAT, WHEN BLOCKED BY AN ANTIBODY JUST LIKE WHAT WE SEE HAPPENS WITH AUTO-ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WHO HAVE AMD, THE RPE CELLS WILL NO LONGER BE ABLE TO CLEAR OXLDL. LASTLY, TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE PRESENCE OF AUTO-ANTIBODIES IN THE BLOODSTREAM OF PATIENTS WITH AMD RELATES TO DISEASE IN AFFECTED PATIENTS, WE WILL STUDY SERUM SAMPLES FROM AMD PATIENTS AND CORRELATE THE LEVELS OF ANTI-CD5L/AIM AUTO-ANTIBODIES WITH HOW MANY DRUSEN THEY HAVE AT THE BACK OF THEIR EYES, AS WELL AS WITH CERTAIN GENETIC FACTORS THAT ARE KNOWN TO INCREASE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING AMD. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO TEST THE HYPOTHESES THAT THE MORE AUTO-ANTIBODIES ONE HAS AGAINST CD5L/AIM, THE MORE DRUSEN WE ARE LIKELY TO FIND AT THE BACK OF THE EYE, WHICH WOULD SUGGEST THAT CERTAIN AUTO-ANTIBODIES FACILITATE FORMATION OF DRUSEN IN PATIENTS WHO HAVE AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016068 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY VERA BONILHA, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016079) GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY: CHANGES IN THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL AND INFLAMMATORY CELL POPULATIONS IN THE REGION OF EXPANDING LESIONS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A COMPLEX DISEASE LEADING TO IRREVERSIBLE BLINDNESS OF THE ELDERLY POPULATION IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES. AT THE MOMENT, A FEW EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS EXIST FOR THIS DISEASE, BUT NEW TREATMENTS EFFECTIVE TO THE DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE ARE URGENTLY NEEDED. THIS RESEARCH PROJECT WILL CORRELATE IMAGING OF THE ATROPHIC LATE-STAGE LESION OF AMD DONOR EYES WITH FINDINGS WITH DETAILED MORPHOLOGICAL AND CELLULAR ANALYSIS IN AND AROUND THE LEADING EDGE OF THESE LESIONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016079 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DOHENY EYE INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ZHIHONG HU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016088) AUTOMATED MULTIMODAL DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY (GA) IS A FORM OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), AND INCREASINGLY THE MAIN CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN PATIENTS. MUCH OF THE PREVIOUS RESEARCH OF GA HAS FOCUSED ON INDIVIDUAL IMAGING MODALITIES, UTILIZING TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) INFORMATION ALONE. HOWEVER, CONSIDERING THE 3D TOPOLOGY OF THE DISEASE, UTILIZING INFORMATION FROM ALL IMAGING MODALITIES CONCOMITANTLY COULD POTENTIALLY YIELD A MORE PRECISE AND COMPREHENSIVE DEPICTION OF GA LESIONS. THE OVERALL GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP AN AUTOMATED MULTIMODAL GA SEGMENTATION SYSTEM TO MORE PRECISELY QUANTIFY GA PROGRESSION OVER TIME IN MULTIMODAL 2D AND 3D IMAGES TO FACILITATE THE UNDERSTANDING OF GA'S RELATIONSHIP TO VISION LOSS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016088 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARIA VALERIA CANTO-SOLER, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016119) A NOVEL 3D HUMAN MINI-RETINA MODEL FOR EARLY AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OUR STUDIES AIM AT UNCOVERING THE MECHANISMS THAT TRIGGER AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), WITH THE PURPOSE OF CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC TREATMENTS FOR THIS CONDITION. WITHIN THIS CONTEXT, OUR GOAL IS TO DEVELOP THE FIRST "HUMAN RETINA IN A DISH" DERIVED FROM STEM CELLS THAT WOULD ALLOW US TO RECREATE THE CELLULAR PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS THAT OCCUR IN THE RETINA OF A PATIENT SUFFERING FROM EARLY STAGES OF AMD. THIS HUMAN AMD MODEL WOULD PROVIDE A UNIQUE BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM TO INVESTIGATE THE INITIAL TRIGGERS LEADING TO THIS DISEASE AND TO DEVELOP TREATMENTS TO STOP ITS PROGRESS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016119
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOAN AND SANFORD I. WEILL MED. COLL. OF CORNELL UNIV.. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARCELO NOCIARI, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016124) LIPOFUSCIN-MEDIATED ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AS RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE) GETS OLD, IT ACCUMULATES A LOT OF LIPID BISRETINOIDS (LBS). ABOVE A CERTAIN THRESHOLD, OR AFTER EXPOSURE TO LIGHT, LBS BECOME TOXIC AND MAY INDUCE CELL DEATH. MANY GROUPS HAVE PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED MECHANISMS BY WHICH LBS DAMAGE THE RPE. THESE STUDIES, HOWEVER, DID NOT PROVIDE US WITH A METHOD TO CLEAR LBS OR ALLEVIATE THEIR HARMFUL EFFECTS. WORKING WITH CULTURES OF RPE CELLS AND SYNTHETIC LBS, WE FOUND A NOVEL MECHANISM BY WHICH LBS KILL RPE CELLS. THIS MECHANISM SEEMS TO BE CENTRAL TO LB TOXICITY AND IS AMENABLE TO INHIBITION WITH DRUGS, AS WE HAVE ALREADY IDENTIFIED TWO CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS THAT FULLY PREVENT RPE CELL DEATH BY LBS. INTERESTINGLY, SOME OF THESE DRUGS ARE BEING TESTED FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATION IN PARKINSON'S AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. IN THE CURRENT PROJECT, WE PROPOSE TO CHARACTERIZE WELL THIS NEW DAMAGING MECHANISM, PROVE THAT IT CONTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANTLY TO LB-INDUCED RETINAL DEGENERATION IN THE EYE, AND TEST IF DRUGS THAT BLOCK THIS MECHANISM CAN PREVENT BLINDNESS IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016124 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KAUSTABH GHOSH, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016161) MICROMECHANICAL DETERMINANTS OF CHORIOCAPILLARIS DYSFUNCTION IN AMD PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGING IS AN IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). AGING IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN TISSUE STIFFNESS. YET, WHETHER AND HOW PROGRESSIVE TISSUE STIFFENING CONTRIBUTES TO THE WORSENING OF THIS DEBILITATING AND DEGENERATIVE EYE DISEASE REMAINS UNKNOWN. THE AIM OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO ADDRESS THIS GAP IN KNOWLEDGE BY USING AN INNOVATIVE AND INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH, SO THAT NEW AND POTENTIALLY SUPERIOR TREATMENTS CAN BE DEVELOPED TO TREAT THIS CONDITION IN THE FUTURE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016161 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KIP CONNOR, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016183) LIPID REGULATORS OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN WET OR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSELS GROW FROM BENEATH THE RETINA THAT ARE IMMATURE IN NATURE AND LEAK FLUID BELOW OR WITHIN THE RETINA, LEADING TO A RAPID LOSS IN EYESIGHT. EMERGING DATA IMPLICATE LIPIDS DERIVED FROM THE CYTOCHROME P450 PATHWAY ACT AS POTENT REGULATORS OF ANGIOGENESIS. THUS, IT IS OF GREAT CLINICAL INTEREST TO ELUCIDATE THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH THESE LIPID MEDIATORS FACILITATE DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND/OR REGRESSION. OUR PROPOSAL HAS CLEAR POTENTIAL TO LEAD TO NEW THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES, TARGETS, AND STRATEGIES FOR SPECIFICALLY INHIBITING NEOVASCULAR AMD, A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE ELDERLY WHICH, IF LEFT UNTREATED, RAPIDLY LEADS TO SUBSTANTIAL VISION LOSS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016183 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: USC EYE INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BIJU THOMAS, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016186) STUDIES ON FUNCTIONALITY OF IPS-RPE TRANSPLANTED IN IMMUNODEFICIENT RCS RATS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DYSFUNCTION AND DEATH OF RETINAL PIGMENT DPITHELIUM (RPE) HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN VARIOUS HUMAN RETINAL DEGENERATIVE DISEASES THAT LEAD TO BLINDNESS, SUCH AS AMD. WE PROPOSE TO TREAT SUCH DISEASES BY TRANSPLANTING A POLARIZED MONOLAYER OF RPE SHEETS DERIVED FROM HUMAN INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (IPS). TO MINIMIZE THE IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS, A NEWLY DEVELOPED RAT MODEL OF RETINAL DEGENERATION THAT DOES NOT REJECT HUMAN CELLS WILL BE USED FOR TESTING. IN DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONALITY OF TRANSPLANTED RPE WILL BE CONDUCTED TO ESTABLISH THAT IPS-RPE MONOLAYER TRANSPLANTATION IS A SUITABLE APPROACH TO TREAT VARIOUS DEGENERATIVE DISEASES AFFECTING THE EYE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016186
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MALIA EDWARDS, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016198) RETINAL GLIAL CHANGES IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN PEOPLE OVER 60 YEARS OF AGE, IS A COMPLEX DISEASE THAT INVOLVES MANY CELLS. TWO CELLS THAT HAVE BEEN LARGELY IGNORED WITH REGARDS TO AMD ARE ASTROCYTES AND M LLER CELLS. SINCE THESE CELLS MAINTAIN A STABLE RETINAL ENVIRONMENT AND COMMUNICATE WITH MANY CELLS, DISRUPTION TO THEIR NORMAL BEHAVIOR COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE AMD DISEASE PROCESS. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL INVESTIGATE WHY ASTROCYTES EXIT THE RETINA IN AMD, POTENTIALLY IDENTIFYING NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016198 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SW MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JOHN HULLEMAN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016200) MANIPULATION OF A SINGLE GENE FOR THE TREATMENT OF MALATTIA LEVENTINESE AND DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MALATTIA LEVENTINESE (ML) AND AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) ARE TWO EYE DISEASES THAT DISRUPT THE NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RETINA, THE BACK PORTION OF THE EYE WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSING LIGHT. IF THESE DISEASES ARE LEFT UNCHECKED, THEY CAN INTERFERE WITH A PERSON'S VISION, AND IN SOME CASES, RESULT IN BLINDNESS. THE OVERALL GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO REDUCE THE LEVELS OF A SINGLE PROTEIN WHICH IS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF BOTH ML AND AMD. BY REDUCING THE LEVELS OF THIS PROTEIN, WE ANTICIPATE THAT WE WILL SIGNIFICANTLY SLOW OR HALT DISEASE PROGRESSION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016200 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PATRICK DAUGHERTY, PHD ENTITLED: (M2016219) ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY REPERTOIRE CHARACTERIZATION IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO IDENTIFY MOLECULAR TARGETS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN AMD. THE LARGE SET OF ANTIBODIES CIRCULATING IN BLOOD WILL BE COMPREHENSIVELY ANALYZED TO IDENTIFY ANTIBODIES THAT OCCUR IN AMD, AND THAT WILL ALLOW US TO IDENTIFY ORGANISMS FROM THE ENVIRONMENT THAT PRODUCE ANTIBODIES PRESENT IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2016219 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: SCHEIE EYE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN KIM, MD ENTITLED: (CM2016971) THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF ALPHA LIPOIC ACID FOR GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY EYE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MIKAEL KLINGEBORN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015221) THE ROLE OF EXOSOMES IN DRY AMD.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 51056K

Schedule O (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2015

Additional Data

Software ID:
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- TIN:

SCHEDULE R
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Related Organizations and Unrelated Partnerships

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 33, 34, 35b, 36, or 37.
MediumBullet

Attach to Form 990.
MediumBullet

Information about Schedule R (Form 990) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2015

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Identification of Disregarded Entities Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 33.

(a) Name, address, and EIN (if applicable) of disregarded entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Total income	(e) End-of-year assets	(f) Direct controlling entity
(1) NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LLC 22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE CLARKSBURG,MD20871 23-7337229	PROPERTY RENTAL AND MANAGEMENT	MD	540,868	4,528,761	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION
(2) AMERICAN HEALTH ASSISTANCE LLC 22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE CLARKSBURG,MD20871 23-7337229	OWNER OF BRIGHTFOCUS HEADQUARTERS	MD	0	4,076,037	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Part II

Identification of Related Tax-Exempt Organizations Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related tax-exempt organizations during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	(g) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	Yes	No

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50135Y

Schedule R (Form 990) 2015

Page 2

Part III

Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Partnership Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related organizations treated as a partnership during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No

Part IV

Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Corporation or Trust Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related organizations treated as a corporation or trust during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(e) Type of entity (C corp, S corp, or trust)	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(i) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(e) Type of entity (C corp, S corp, or trust)	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No

Schedule R (Form 990) 2015

Page 3

Part V

Transactions With Related Organizations Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34, 35b, or 36.

Note. Complete line 1 if any entity is listed in Parts II, III, or IV of this schedule.

Yes

1 During the tax year, did the orgranization engage in any of the following transactions with one or more related organizations listed in Parts II-IV?

a Receipt of (i) interest, (ii) annuities, (iii) royalties, or (iv) rent from a controlled entity .....................

b Gift, grant, or capital contribution to related organization(s) ............................

c Gift, grant, or capital contribution from related organization(s) ............................

d Loans or loan guarantees to or for related organization(s) ............................

e Loans or loan guarantees by related organization(s) ............................

f Dividends from related organization(s) ............................

g Sale of assets to related organization(s) ............................

h Purchase of assets from related organization(s) ............................

i Exchange of assets with related organization(s) ............................

j Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets to related organization(s) .......................

k Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets from related organization(s) ......................

l Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations for related organization(s) .....................

m Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations by related organization(s) .................

n Sharing of facilities, equipment, mailing lists, or other assets with related organization(s) ...................

o Sharing of paid employees with related organization(s) ............................

p Reimbursement paid to related organization(s) for expenses ............................

q Reimbursement paid by related organization(s) for expenses ............................

r Other transfer of cash or property to related organization(s) ............................

s Other transfer of cash or property from related organization(s) ............................

If the answer to any of the above is "Yes," see the instructions for information on who must complete this line, including covered relationships and transaction thresholds.

(a) Name of related organization	(b) Transaction type (a-s)	(c) Amount involved	(d) Method of determining amount involved

Schedule R (Form 990) 2015

Page 4

Part VI

Unrelated Organizations Taxable as a Partnership Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 37.

Provide the following information for each entity taxed as a partnership through which the organization conducted more than five percent of its activities (measured by total assets or gross revenue) that was not a related organization. See instructions regarding exclusion for certain investment partnerships.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(e) Are all partners section 501(c)(3) organizations?		(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	Yes	No	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No

Schedule R (Form 990) 2015

Page 5

Part VII

Supplemental Information

Provide additional information for responses to questions on Schedule R (see instructions).

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule R (Form 990) 2015

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

		Prior Year	Current Year
8	Contributions and grants (Part VIII, line 1h) .........	27,946,621	29,220,730
9	Program service revenue (Part VIII, line 2g) .........	0	0
10	Investment income (Part VIII, column (A), lines 3, 4, and 7d ) ....	1,313,037	2,657,809
11	Other revenue (Part VIII, column (A), lines 5, 6d, 8c, 9c, 10c, and 11e)	841,752	815,105
12	Total revenue—add lines 8 through 11 (must equal Part VIII, column (A), line 12)	30,101,410	32,693,644
13	Grants and similar amounts paid (Part IX, column (A), lines 1–3 )...	11,036,156	11,877,335
14	Benefits paid to or for members (Part IX, column (A), line 4).....	0	0
15	Salaries, other compensation, employee benefits (Part IX, column (A), lines 5–10)	4,670,827	4,715,881
16a	Professional fundraising fees (Part IX, column (A), line 11e) .....	393,423	406,673
b	Total fundraising expenses (Part IX, column (D), line 25) 5,666,512
17	Other expenses (Part IX, column (A), lines 11a–11d, 11f–24e)....	13,150,988	14,479,964
18	Total expenses. Add lines 13–17 (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25)	29,251,394	31,479,853
19	Revenue less expenses. Subtract line 18 from line 12.......	850,016	1,213,791
		Beginning of Current Year	End of Year
20	Total assets (Part X, line 16).............	52,852,651	53,275,672
21	Total liabilities (Part X, line 26).............	19,687,626	22,415,391
22	Net assets or fund balances. Subtract line 21 from line 20.....	33,165,025	30,860,281

Sign Here

	Signature of officer	Date

	Type or print name and title


4a	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 14,444,539 including grants of $ 6,932,317 ) (Revenue $ )
	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (ADR) - BRIGHTFOCUS' ADR PROGRAM FUNDS RESEARCH FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE'S CAUSES, ITS EARLY DETECTION, AND TREATMENTS TO HELP SLOW OR STOP ITS PROGRESSION, AND ULTIMATELY TO PREVENT THE DISEASE ALTOGETHER. ADR ANNUALLY AWARDS PEER-REVIEWED GRANTS TO SCIENTISTS FROM INSTITUTIONS WORLDWIDE WHO ARE CONDUCTING BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2016, ADR FUNDED 30 NEW PROJECTS, TOTALING $6,504,817, AND AWARDED $342,500 IN TWO SPECIAL PROJECTS THAT FOCUS ON BETTER USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES AND BIG DATA, TO INCREASE THE SPEED OF CLINICAL TRIALS AND RESEARCH PROGRESS. SINCE INCEPTION, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS CONTRIBUTED MORE THAN $100 MILLION TO THE CONQUERING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. BRIGHTFOCUS IS HONORED TO HAVE SUPPORTED THE EARLY RESEARCH OF TWO EVENTUAL NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS: DR. STANLEY PRUSINER AND DR. PAUL GREENGARD, WHOSE WORK HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL TO OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FURTHER ILLUSTRATING BRIGHTFOCUS' IMPACT, A THIRD-PARTY ROSTER OF PAPERS THAT CONSIDERED MILESTONES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE LISTS 19 BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PAPERS, SIX PERCENT OF THE TOTAL RECOGNIZED. BRIGHTFOCUS CONTINUES ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ACADEMIC JOURNAL "MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION" AS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION. THE JOURNAL PUBLISHES TECHNICAL PAPERS RELATED TO NEURODEGENERATION IN THE THREE DISEASE AREAS. AS AN "OPEN ACCESS" JOURNAL, THERE IS NO FEE FOR READERS, AND ALL CONTENT IS FREE OF CHARGE AND EASY TO ACCESS. THIS OPEN ACCESS ENSURES MAXIMAL REACH OF JOURNAL CONTENTS TO SCIENTISTS AND CARE PROVIDERS WORLDWIDE. MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION IS CURRENTLY THE HIGHEST IMPACT OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL IN THE NEUROSCIENCES.ADR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH CONTINUED TO MAKE THE NEWS IN THIS FISCAL YEAR, INCLUDING HIGH VISIBILITY REPORTS RELATING TO DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW CLASS OF ANTI-ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DRUGS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH BRIDGING ALZHEIMER'S AND OTHER CONDITIONS, AND MANY OTHER TOPICS. EACH AREA OF RESEARCH IS THE SUBJECT OF ONGOING BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDED RESEARCH STUDIES. MORE DETAILS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE NEWS UPDATES SECTION OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG WEBSITE.IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS THE ONLY CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG THE TOP 10 IN AMERICA WITHOUT A WAY TO PREVENT, CURE, OR EVEN SLOW ITS PROGRESSION. IT IS AN IRREVERSIBLE DEGENERATION OF THE BRAIN THAT CAUSES DISRUPTIONS IN MEMORY, COGNITION, PERSONALITY, AND OTHER FUNCTIONS AND INEVITABLY LEADS TO DEATH. MORE THAN 5 MILLION AMERICANS AGED 65 AND OLDER ARE THOUGHT TO HAVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TODAY, AND THAT NUMBER IS EXPECTED TO TRIPLE BY MIDCENTURY.

4b	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 5,960,751 including grants of $ 3,070,463 ) (Revenue $ )
	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH (MDR)- A PROGRAM OF BRIGHTFOCUS, HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $21.5 MILLION TO SCIENTISTS STUDYING THE DISEASE. THE LATEST RESEARCH IS FOCUSED ON NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THE DISEASE, UNDERSTANDING ITS CAUSES AND PROGRESSION, DRUG THERAPIES, AND NEW SCREENING TECHNIQUES.DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2016, MDR AWARDED $2,944,963 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 19 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS AND $100,000 TO A SPECIAL PROJECT THAT RANGE FROM STUDIES TO DEVELOP NEW ANTI-OXIDANT BASED THERAPIES TO CLINICAL PROJECTS TESTING ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES. ADDITIONAL DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. MDR-FUNDED PROJECTS WERE FEATURED IN MEDIA ARTICLES, INCLUDING PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERAPIES, AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH COMBINING AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) KNOWLEDGE WITH VASCULAR BIOLOGY TO DISCOVER NEW TREATMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR MACULAR DEGENERATION. MORE DETAILS ON THIS AND OTHER SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES ACHIEVED THROUGH MDR FUNDING ARE AVAILABLE IN THE NEWS UPDATES SECTION OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG WEBSITE.IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THIS DISEASE. AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN THE UNITED STATES. IT DESTROYS THE MACULA, THE PART OF THE EYE THAT PROVIDES SHARP, CENTRAL VISION NEEDED FOR SEEING OBJECTS CLEARLY. THE MOST COMMON EYE CONDITION IN PEOPLE AGE 60 AND OLDER, IT CAN LEAD TO VISION LOSS IN ONE OR BOTH EYES, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE FACES, DRIVE A CAR, OR READ.

4c	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 2,455,318 including grants of $ 1,874,555 ) (Revenue $ )
	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH (NGR)- BRIGHTFOCUS' NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH (NGR) PROGRAM HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $28.6 MILLION WORLDWIDE FOR THE STUDY OF GLAUCOMA. NGR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH HAS BEEN FOCUSED ON THE EYE-BRAIN CONNECTION, THE MECHANISMS FOR PRESSURE BUILDUP IN THE EYE, PREVENTING DAMAGE TO THE OPTIC NERVE, AND UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE GENES PLAY IN ORDER TO DEVELOP EARLY GLAUCOMA SCREENING AND TARGETED TREATMENTS. NGR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO GLAUCOMA RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. NGR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2016, NGR AWARDED $1,874,555 FOR 13 NEW PROJECTS THAT RANGE FROM CALCULATING INDIVIDUAL RISK FOR GLAUCOMA TO REAL-TIME MONITORING AND CONTROL OF PRESSURE IN THE EYE, A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR FOR GLAUCOMA ADDITIONAL DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I.NGR-FUNDED RESEARCH WAS RECOGNIZED BY THE MEDIA THIS YEAR, INCLUDING AN NGR-SUPPORTED STRATEGY TO IMPROVING GENE THERAPY OPPORTUNITIES IN GLAUCOMA. MORE DETAILS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE NEWS UPDATES SECTION OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG WEBSITE.IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. GLAUCOMA IS A GROUP OF DISEASES THAT DAMAGE THE EYE'S OPTIC NERVE AND CAN RESULT IN VISION LOSS AND PERMANENT BLINDNESS. MORE THAN 3 MILLION AMERICANS AGE 40 AND OLDER HAVE GLAUCOMA. MORE THAN 60 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD HAVE THE DISEASE, AND THAT NUMBER IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE BY AS MUCH AS 20 MILLION BY 2020. WITH EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT, GLAUCOMA OFTEN CAN BE MANAGED TO PROTECT EYES FROM MORE SERIOUS VISION LOSS, BUT IT IS ESTIMATED THAT ONLY HALF OF THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH GLAUCOMA ARE AWARE THAT THEY HAVE THE DISEASE.

4d	Other program services (Describe in Schedule O.)
	(Expenses $ including grants of $ ) (Revenue $ )
4e	Total program service expenses22,860,608

1b	Sub-Total................
c	Total from continuation sheets to Part VII, Section A....
d	Total (add lines 1b and 1c)...........	1,080,051	0	278,465

1a	Federated campaigns..		1a	147,087
b	Membership dues..		1b
c	Fundraising events..		1c
d	Related organizations		1d
e	Government grants (contributions)		1e

f	All other contributions, gifts, grants, and similar amounts not included above		1f	29,073,643

g	Noncash contributions included in lines 1a-1f:$ 59,163
h Total.Add lines 1a-1f.......		29,220,730

1	Briefly describe the organization’s mission or most significant activities: BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION SEEKS TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT.
2	Check this box
3	Number of voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1a) ........	3	11
4	Number of independent voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1b) .....	4	11
5	Total number of individuals employed in calendar year 2015 (Part V, line 2a) ......	5	58
6	Total number of volunteers (estimate if necessary) .............	6	56
7a	Total unrelated business revenue from Part VIII, column (C), line 12 ........	7a	0
b	Net unrelated business taxable income from Form 990-T, line 34 .........	7b	0

		Business Code
2a
b
c
d
e
f	All other program service revenue.
g Total.Add lines 2a–2f.....

3 Investment income (including dividends, interest, and othersimilar amounts) ..........			719,781			719,781
4 Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds
5 Royalties...........			276,547			276,547
		(ii) Personal	(i) Real
6a	Gross rents		582,647
b	Less: rental expenses		44,089
c	Rental income or (loss)		538,558
d	Net rental income or (loss)......			538,558			538,558
		(ii) Other	(i) Securities
7a	Gross amount from sales of assets other than inventory		19,503,020
b	Less: cost or other basis and sales expenses		17,564,992
c	Gain or (loss)		1,938,028
d	Net gain or (loss).....			1,938,028			1,938,028
8a	Gross income from fundraising events (not including $ of contributions reported on line 1c). See Part IV, line 18 ....
	a
b	Less: direct expenses ...b
c	Net income or (loss) from fundraising events..
9a	Gross income from gaming activities. See Part IV, line 19 ...
	a
b	Less: direct expenses ...b
c	Net income or (loss) from gaming activities..
10a	Gross sales of inventory, less returns and allowances ..
	a
b	Less: cost of goods sold ..b
c	Net income or (loss) from sales of inventory..
Business Code			Miscellaneous Revenue
11a
b
c
d	All other revenue ....
e	Total. Add lines 11a–11d ......
12	Total revenue. See Instructions......			32,693,644	0	0	3,472,914

1	Grants and other assistance to domestic organizations and domestic governments. See Part IV, line 21	10,872,417	10,872,417
2	Grants and other assistance to individuals in the United States. See Part IV, line 22
3	Grants and other assistance to governments, organizations, and individuals outside the United States. See Part IV, lines 15 and 16	1,004,918	1,004,918
4	Benefits paid to or for members
5	Compensation of current officers, directors, trustees, and key employees ....	462,516	323,652	92,628	46,236
6	Compensation not included above, to disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)) and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B) ....
7	Other salaries and wages	3,088,917	1,617,029	918,156	553,732
8	Pension plan accruals and contributions (include section 401(k) and 403(b) employer contributions) ....	345,180	180,691	102,614	61,875
9	Other employee benefits .......	582,338	304,835	173,116	104,387
10	Payroll taxes ...........	236,930	124,025	70,434	42,471
11	Fees for services (non-employees):
a	Management ......
b	Legal .........	110,257	55,103	55,154
c	Accounting ...........	95,007	42,084	23,123	29,800
d	Lobbying ...........
e	Professional fundraising services. See Part IV, line 17	406,673			406,673
f	Investment management fees ......	228,143		228,143
g	Other (If line 11g amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 11g expenses on Schedule O)	1,049,120	928,779	77,922	42,419
12	Advertising and promotion ....
13	Office expenses .......	1,751,831	1,434,649	188,964	128,218
14	Information technology ......	692,910	473,229	142,841	76,840
15	Royalties ..
16	Occupancy ...........	338,483	192,547	105,879	40,057
17	Travel ............	237,925	125,645	79,997	32,283
18	Payments of travel or entertainment expenses for any federal, state, or local public officials .
19	Conferences, conventions, and meetings ....	173,423	153,932	13,887	5,604
20	Interest ...........	12,533	7,130	3,920	1,483
21	Payments to affiliates .......
22	Depreciation, depletion, and amortization ..	430,916	238,403	127,639	64,874
23	Insurance ...	74,004	26,788	39,969	7,247
24	Other expenses. Itemize expenses not covered above (List miscellaneous expenses in line 24e. If line 24e amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 24e expenses on Schedule O.)
a	PUB. AWARENESS POSTAGE	4,919,453	2,740,849	255,240	1,923,364
b	PUB. AWARENESS PRINTING	2,153,626	755,057	156,883	1,241,686
c	PUB. AWARENESS COMP.	1,166,034	666,092	54,237	445,705
d	LIST RENTAL	1,046,299	592,754	41,987	411,558
e	All other expenses
25	Total functional expenses. Add lines 1 through 24e	31,479,853	22,860,608	2,952,733	5,666,512
26	Joint costs. Complete this line only if the organization reported in column (B) joint costs from a combined educational campaign and fundraising solicitation. Check here if following SOP 98-2 (ASC 958-720).	10,196,860	5,272,669	549,889	4,374,302

1	Cash–non-interest-bearing ........			5,217,965	1	4,349,774
2	Savings and temporary cash investments .........			1,488,438	2	388,253
3	Pledges and grants receivable, net ......			3,475,213	3	6,021,549
4	Accounts receivable, net .............				4
5	Loans and other receivables from current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees. Complete Part II of Schedule L
					5
6	Loans and other receivables from other disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)), persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B), and contributing employers and sponsoring organizations of section 501(c)(9) voluntary employees' beneficiary organizations (see instructions) Complete Part II of Schedule L
					6
7	Notes and loans receivable, net ....				7
8	Inventories for sale or use ........			20,406	8	42,352
9	Prepaid expenses and deferred charges ......			168,207	9	194,907
10a	Land, buildings, and equipment: cost or other basis. Complete Part VI of Schedule D	10a	11,646,343
b	Less: accumulated depreciation	10b	3,025,587	8,762,904	10c	8,620,756
11	Investments—publicly traded securities .			28,848,414	11	28,709,258
12	Investments—other securities. See Part IV, line 11 .....			4,261,131	12	4,370,670
13	Investments—program-related. See Part IV, line 11 ..				13
14	Intangible assets ...............				14
15	Other assets. See Part IV, line 11 ...........			609,973	15	578,153
16	Total assets. Add lines 1 through 15 (must equal line 34)...			52,852,651	16	53,275,672

17	Accounts payable and accrued expenses .....	513,453	17	730,979
18	Grants payable ...	17,587,396	18	20,172,854
19	Deferred revenue .........		19
20	Tax-exempt bond liabilities .........		20
21	Escrow or custodial account liability. Complete Part IV of Schedule D		21
22	Loans and other payables to current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, highest compensated employees, and disqualified
	persons. Complete Part II of Schedule L..		22
23	Secured mortgages and notes payable to unrelated third parties ..		23
24	Unsecured notes and loans payable to unrelated third parties ..		24
25	Other liabilities (including federal income tax, payables to related third parties, and other liabilities not included on lines 17-24). Complete Part X of Schedule D	1,586,777	25	1,511,558
26	Total liabilities. Add lines 17 through 25..	19,687,626	26	22,415,391

	Organizations that follow SFAS 117 (ASC 958), check here and complete lines 27 through 29, and lines 33 and 34.
27	Unrestricted net assets	20,298,753	27	19,793,778
28	Temporarily restricted net assets ...........	12,776,272	28	10,976,503
29	Permanently restricted net assets	90,000	29	90,000
	Organizations that do not follow SFAS 117 (ASC 958), check here and complete lines 30 through 34.
30	Capital stock or trust principal, or current funds .....		30
31	Paid-in or capital surplus, or land, building or equipment fund ...		31
32	Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated income, or other funds		32
33	Total net assets or fund balances ...........	33,165,025	33	30,860,281
34	Total liabilities and net assets/fund balances ........	52,852,651	34	53,275,672

1	Was the organization a U.S. transferor of property to a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes,"the organization may be required to file Form 926, Return by a U.S. Transferor of Property to a Foreign Corporation (see Instructions for Form 926). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
2	Did the organization have an interest in a foreign trust during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to separately file Form 3520, Annual Return to Report Transactions with Foreign Trusts and Receipt of Certain Foreign Gifts, and/or Form 3520-A, Annual Information Return of Foreign Trust With a U.S. Owner (see Instructions for Forms 3520 and 3520-A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
3	Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 5471, Information Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Corporations. (see Instructions for Form 5471). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
4	Was the organization a direct or indirect shareholder of a passive foreign investment company or a qualified electing fund during the tax year? If “Yes,” the organization may be required to file Form 8621, Information Return by a Shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund. (see Instructions for Form 8621) .	Yes	No
5	Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign partnership during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 8865, Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Partnerships. (see Instructions for Form 8865). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
6	Did the organization have any operations in or related to any boycotting countries during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to separately file Form 5713, International Boycott Report (see Instructions for Form 5713).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No