Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
Information about Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.
| (i)Name of supported organization | (ii) EIN | (iii) Type of organization (described on lines 1- 9 above or IRC section (see instructions)) | (iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document? | (v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions) | (vi) Amount of other support (see instructions) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
| Total | ||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2010 | (b) 2011 | (c) 2012 | (d) 2013 | (e) 2014 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") .... | ||||||
| 2 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf....... | ||||||
| 3 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge.. | ||||||
| 4 | Total. Add lines 1 through 3 | ||||||
| 5 | The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f).. | ||||||
| 6 | Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4. | ||||||
Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2010 | (b) 2011 | (c) 2012 | (d) 2013 | (e) 2014 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Amounts from line 4.. | ||||||
| 8 | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources... | ||||||
| 9 | Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.. | ||||||
| 10 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.).. | ||||||
| 11 | Total support Add lines 7 through 10. | ||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2010 | (b) 2011 | (c) 2012 | (d) 2013 | (e) 2014 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") . | ||||||
| 2 | Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose...... | ||||||
| 3 | Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513.. | ||||||
| 4 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf... | ||||||
| 5 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge.. | ||||||
| 6 | Total. Add lines 1 through 5. | ||||||
| 7a | Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons... | ||||||
| b | Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 7a and 7b.. | ||||||
| 8 | Public support (Subtract line 7c from line 6.) | ||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2010 | (b) 2011 | (c) 2012 | (d) 2013 | (e) 2014 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | Amounts from line 6... | ||||||
| 10a | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources.. | ||||||
| b | Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 10a and 10b. | ||||||
| 11 | Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on. | ||||||
| 12 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) .. | ||||||
| 13 | Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.).. | ||||||
| Section A - Adjusted Net Income | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
||||
| 1 | Net short-term capital gain | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Other gross income (see instructions) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Add lines 1 through 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Depreciation and depletion | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Other expenses (see instructions) | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4) | 8 | ||||
| Section B - Minimum Asset Amount | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
||||
| 1 | Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year): | 1 | ||||
| a | Average monthly value of securities | 1a | ||||
| b | Average monthly cash balances | 1b | ||||
| c | Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets | 1c | ||||
| d | Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c) | 1d | ||||
| e | Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI): | |||||
| 2 | Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Subtract line 2 from line 1d | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 1-1/2% of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions). | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3) | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Multiply line 5 by .035 | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6) | 8 | ||||
| Section C - Distributable Amount | Current Year | |||||
| 1 | Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A) | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Enter 85% of line 1 | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Enter greater of line 2 or line 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Income tax imposed in prior year | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Check here if the current year is the organization's first as a non-functionally-integrated Type III supporting organization (see instructions) | |||||
| Section D - Distributions | Current Year | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes | ||
|
2
Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity |
||
| 3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations | ||
| 4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets | ||
| 5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required) | ||
| 6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions | ||
| 7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6. | ||
|
8
Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions |
||
| 9 Distributable amount for 2014 from Section C, line 6 | ||
| 10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount | ||
| Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions) |
(i) Excess Distributions |
(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2014 |
(iii) Distributable Amount for 2014 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
Distributable amount for 2014 from Section C, line 6 |
||||
|
2
Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2014 (reasonable cause required--see instructions) |
||||
| 3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2014: | ||||
| a From 2009.......X | ||||
| b From 2010.......X | ||||
| c From 2011.......X | ||||
| d From 2012.......X | ||||
| e From 2013....... | ||||
| fTotal of lines 3a through e | ||||
| g Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| h Applied to 2014 distributable amount | ||||
|
i
Carryover from 2009 not applied (see instructions) |
||||
| j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from 3f. | ||||
| 4Distributions for 2014 from Section D, line 7: | ||||
| $ | ||||
| a Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| b Applied to 2014 distributable amount | ||||
| c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from 4. | ||||
|
5
Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2014, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2 (if amount greater than zero, see instructions) |
||||
|
6
Remaining underdistributions for 2014. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1 (if amount greater than zero, see instructions) |
||||
|
7 Excess distributions carryover to 2015. Add lines 3j and 4c. |
||||
| 8 Breakdown of line 7: | ||||
| a From 2010.......X | ||||
| b From 2011.......X | ||||
| c From 2012.......X | ||||
| d From 2013....... | ||||
| e From 2014....... | ||||
| Facts And Circumstances Test |
|---|
| Return Reference | Explanation |
|---|
| Software ID: | 14000329 |
| Software Version: | 2014v1.0 |
Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
Information about Schedule O (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at| Return Reference | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Form 990, Part III, Line 4a Program Service Description (continued) | (C) HIGHLIGHTS FROM HHMI RESEARCH LABORATORIES (FISCAL YEAR 2015) 1) Imaging Techniques Set a New Standard for Super-Resolution in Live Cells Eric Betzig, Janelia Research Campus http://www.hhmi.org/news/imaging-techniques-set-new-standard-super-resolution-live-cells Scientists can now watch dynamic biological processes with unprecedented clarity in living cells using new imaging techniques developed by researchers at the HHMI's Janelia Research Campus. The new methods dramatically improve on the spatial resolution provided by structured illumination microscopy (SIM), one of the best imaging methods for seeing inside living cells. The vibrant videos produced with the new technology show the movement and interactions of proteins as cells remodel their structural supports or reorganize their membranes to take up molecules from outside the cell. 2) New Microscope Collects Dynamic Images of the Molecules that Animate Life Eric Betzig, Janelia Research Campus http://www.hhmi.org/news/new-microscope-collects-dynamic-images-molecules-animate-life Over the last decade, powerful new microscopes have dramatically sharpened biologists' focus on the molecules that animate and propel life. A new imaging platform developed by scientists at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus offers another leap forward for light microscopy. The new technology collects high-resolution images rapidly and minimizes damage to cells, meaning it can image the three-dimensional activity of molecules, cells, and embryos in fine detail over longer periods than was previously possible. The developers of the new lattice light sheet microscope have teamed with cell and molecular biologists to produce stunning videos of biological processes across a range of sizes and time scales, from the movements of individual proteins to the development of entire animal embryos. 3) Modern Europeans Descended from Three Groups of Ancestors David Reich, Harvard Medical School http://www.hhmi.org/news/modern-europeans-descended-three-groups-ancestors New studies of ancient DNA are shifting scientists' ideas of how groups of people migrated across the globe and interacted with one another thousands of years ago. By comparing nine ancient genomes to those of modern humans, HHMI scientists have shown that previously unrecognized groups contributed to the genetic mix now present in most modern-day Europeans. 4) The Dynamic Genome: An Arms Race With Ourselves David Haussler, University of California, Santa Cruz http://www.hhmi.org/news/dynamic-genome-an-arms-race-with-ourselves For millions of years, mobile pieces of DNA called transposons have been hopping around organisms' genomes, copying and reinserting themselves at will. Their restlessness is disruptive: when they land inside a gene or its regulators, they alter or impair the gene's function. A new study from HHMI scientists retraces ancient battles between these jumping genes and the defenses human cells deploy to keep them in check. The researchers say those battles are part of an evolutionary arms race that drives organisms to become increasingly complex, as they evolve mechanisms to fight off ever-changing elements of their own DNA. 5) Ribosome Studies Turn Up New Mechanism of Protein Synthesis Jonathan Weissman, University of California, San Francisco http://www.hhmi.org/news/ribosome-studies-turn-new-mechanism-protein-synthesis Ribosomes are the cell's molecular machines, responsible for translating genetic information in messenger RNA into the long strings of amino acids needed to build new proteins. A central tenet of biology has long held that each amino acid added to a peptide chain is specified by an RNA message as it threads its way through the ribosome. But HHMI scientists and their colleagues at UCSF and Stanford have discovered that this is not always true. The new research has uncovered a new mechanism by which ribosomes can synthesize proteins. 6) By Taking a Rest, Exhausted T-Cells Live to Fight Another Day Susan Kaech, Yale University http://www.hhmi.org/news/taking-rest-exhausted-t-cells-live-fight-another-day Killer T cells are one of the body's main lines of defense against pathogens. Their job is to kill infected cells so that the viruses inside cannot replicate and spread. But often the force of their attack wanes during a chronic infection, as they become less effective at finding and destroying their targets - a state known as T cell exhaustion. T cells that target cancer cells for destruction become exhausted too, weakening the body's fight against a tumor. HHMI scientists have discovered that this decline in activity is an essential coping mechanism that actually allows the T cells to persist in the face of a chronic infection. 7) Innate Immunity: Signaling Host Defenses Zhijian Chen, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center http://www.hhmi.org/news/innate-immunity-signaling-host-defenses The immune system has a delicate balance to maintain. When certain infected cells detect an invader, they use a molecule called interferon to rally the body's defenses. The immune system responds to this rallying cry by immediately boosting its general antiviral defenses and simultaneously initiating a more specialized secondary response. But interferon production must be finely tuned: Too much can provoke immune cells to attack the body's own cells indiscriminately. Type I interferon plays such an important role in immune defense that the body has three known pathways to trigger its production in response to microbial infection. New research by HHMI scientists has found that all three pathways use a common mechanism to communicate with the protein that switches on type I interferon-producing genes. 8) New Fluorescent Protein Permanently Marks Neurons that Fire Loren Looger, Janelia Research Campus http://www.hhmi.org/news/new-fluorescent-protein-permanently-marks-neurons-fire A new tool developed at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus lets scientists shine a light on an animal's brain to permanently mark neurons that are active at a particular time. The tool - a fluorescent protein called CaMPARI - converts from green to red when calcium floods a nerve cell after the cell fires. The permanent mark frees scientists from the need to focus a microscope on the right cells at the right time to observe neuronal activity. 9) Rare Genetic Mutations May Make Influenza Life-Threatening for Some Jean-Laurent Casanova, The Rockefeller University http://www.hhmi.org/news/rare-genetic-mutations-may-make-influenza-life-threatening-some Rare genetic mutations that prevent infected cells from boosting the production of antiviral molecules known as interferons are responsible for a life-threatening case of flu in an otherwise healthy two-year-old girl, researchers have found. The discovery provides the first explanation for why some children become seriously ill when they encounter influenza virus for the first time. 10) Researchers Map Neural Circuit Involved in Combining Multiple Senses Marta Zlatic, Janelia Research Campus http://www.hhmi.org/news/researchers-map-neural-circuit-involved-combining-multiple-senses Combining information across multiple senses helps in choosing an appropriate action. While many examples exist of such synergistic effects, very few studies have identified the neural architecture underlying multisensory convergence. In particular, whether distinct sensory streams converge early, late or at multiple levels in the sensory processing hierarchy was an open question. Using behavioral testing, neuronal activation screens, and electron microscopy reconstructions of the nervous system of fruit fly larvae, scientists at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus have mapped the entire neural circuit involved in combining vibration and pain sensations used in triggering an escape behavior. 11) Plant Defense Hormones Help Sculpt Root Microbiome Jeffery Dangl, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill http://www.hhmi.org/news/plant-defense-hormones-help-sculpt-root-microbiome Soil is crowded with bacteria and fungi. Tens of thousands of different species can inhabit the same space, and for a plant that grows in the midst of that community, it's important to know the difference between friend and foe. According to new research from HHMI scientists, the defense hormone salicylic acid helps select which bacteria live both inside and on the surface of a plant's roots, keeping some families out and actively recruiting others. With a better understanding of how plants assemble and maintain complex microbial communities, it might be possible to manipulate those communities to increase plant productivity. |
| Form 990, Part III, Line 4b Program Service Description (continued) | (C) EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES PROGRAM PRODUCES SCIENCE EDUCATION RESOURCES INCLUDING INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA MATERIALS, SCIENTIFIC ANIMATIONS, VIDEOS, IN-CLASS ACTIVITIES, THE ANNUAL HOLIDAY LECTURES ON SCIENCE, AS WELL AS BROADCAST-QUALITY SHORT FILMS. THE PRODUCTS ARE THEN MADE AVAILABLE TO EDUCATORS VIA DVD, THE BIOLNTERACTIVE.ORG WEBSITE, AND BY WORKING COLLABORATIVELY WITH TEACHERS AT WORKSHOPS AND CONVENTIONS. The 2014 Holiday Lectures on Science featured speakers, Anthony D. Barnosky, University of California, Berkeley, Elizabeth A. Hadly, Stanford University, and Stephen R. Palumbi, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, who discussed, "Biodiversity in the Age of Humans." The speakers delivered their lectures live to an audience of nearly 200 high school students from the Washington, DC area. In six half-hour lectures, three leading scientists described the state of biodiversity on our planet and how to face the great challenges that lie ahead. Their lectures were later made available to a national and international audience through the distribution of free DVDs and the development of accompanying teaching materials. Each year, more than 100,000 DVDs of educational resources are distributed; the supporting website receives more than two million visits annually. AT THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BIOLOGY TEACHERS (NABT) ANNUAL MEETING, HHMI SHOWED THE PREVIOUSLY RELEASED SHORT FILM "THE ORIGIN OF TETRAPODS," THE FIRST OF THREE FILMS IN THE "GREAT TRANSITIONs" TRIOLOGY, A SERIES WHICH EXPLORES KEY TRANSITIONS IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH AND WHAT TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS REVEAL ABOUT OUR EVOLUTIONARY PAST. The film was a recent Winner at the Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival in the Educational/Institutional Program. At the annual meeting of the National Science Teachers Association, HHMI premiered the second and third films in the "Great Transitions" series. "The Origin of Birds" takes viewers on a journey to uncover evidence that birds are a lineage of theropod dinosaurs. The film won a Bronze 2015 Telly Award and was a finalist at the 2015 Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival in the Educational/Institutional Program. "The Origin of Humans" traces humans back to a common ancestor shared with chimpanzees about 6 million years ago. The film was a 2015 Cine Awards finalist for Nonfiction Content/Short - Documentary. Two other short films also debuted online this year. "Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Maize" follows the trail of evidence for the evolution of corn from its wild ancestor: a seemingly unrelated plant called teosinte. The second film, "The Biology of Skin Color," provides a highly engaging case study in recent human evolution, focusing on important dimensions of cell biology and biochemistry, and the interaction between human biology and the environment. The short science films are all available on the Biointeractive website, www.hhmi.org/biointeractive and the BioInteractive YouTube channel. (D) TANGLED BANK STUDIOS TANGLED BANK STUDIOS, LLC, HHMI'S DOCUMENTARY FILM PRODUCTION UNIT, IS DEDICATED TO THE CREATION OF ORIGINAL SCIENCE DOCUMENTARIES FOR BROADCAST, THEATRICAL, AND DIGITAL DISTRIBUTION. AS AN EXTENSION OF HHMI'S LONGSTANDING SCIENCE EDUCATION MISSION, THE COMPANY AIMS TO PRODUCE PROGRAMS THAT CAPTURE COMPELLING STORIES OF DISCOVERY ACROSS ALL BRANCHES OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY WITH PARTICULAR FOCUS ON THE LIFE SCIENCES. THIS YEAR, THE FOLLOWING TANGLED BANK STUDIOS' PRODUCTIONS WERE BROADCAST: Mass Extinction: Life at the Brink examines the emerging science concerning the causes of mass extinctions, and their potential parallels to current ecological trends. It was produced by Holt Productions and aired on the Smithsonian Channel in November 2014. Awards include: Emmy Award, News & Documentary - Finalist: Outstanding Graphic Design & Art Direction; Sentinel Award: Climate Change; Worldfest Houston: Special Jury Award, Science & Research. Vaccines - Calling the Shots encourages parents to ask questions and use the best available evidence to make decisions about how to protect their children. This film takes viewers around the world to track epidemics, explore the science behind vaccinations and shed light on the risks of opting out. The film, produced for NOVA by Tangled Bank Studios in association with Genepool Productions, premiered in September 2014. Awards include: Autism Science Foundation, Media Impact Award; Worldfest Houston: Special Jury Award, TV Special-Documentary. (E) ELIFE - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL HHMI, TOGETHER WITH THE WELLCOME TRUST AND THE MAX PLANCK SOCIETY, SUPPORT A TOP TIER SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL CALLED ELIFE. THE ONLINE JOURNAL FOLLOWS AN OPEN ACCESS MODEL AND IS DIRECTED BY PRACTICING SCIENTISTS. ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS, LTD., IS AN INDEPENDENT NON-PROFIT ENTITY GOVERNED BY A SEPARATE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. ELIFE BEGAN PUBLISHING RESEARCH ARTICLES IN LATE 2012 AND IS PUBLISHING ARTICLES ONLINE ON A REGULAR BASIS. |
| Form 990, Part III, Line 4a Program Service Description (continued-1) | 12) Source of Liver Stem Cells Identified Roel Nusse, Stanford University http://www.hhmi.org/news/source-liver-stem-cells-identified HHMI scientists have identified stem cells in the liver that give rise to functional liver cells. The work solves a longstanding mystery about the origin of new cells in the liver, which must constantly be replenished as cells die off, even in a healthy organ. The research shows that the liver has stem cells that both proliferate and give rise to mature cells, even in the absence of injury or disease. 13) Molecule Boosts Blood-Forming Stem Cells Leonard Zon, Boston Children's Hospital http://www.hhmi.org/news/molecule-boosts-blood-forming-stem-cells After screening hundreds of chemicals, HHMI scientists have found that treating blood-forming stem cells with a small lipid molecule called EET improves the cells' ability to replenish the immune system after a transplant in both zebrafish and in laboratory mice. The finding suggests that EETs might one day improve the outcomes of bone marrow or cord blood transplants for patients. The molecules are able to enhance the transplantability of the marrow. (D) HONORS AND AWARDS RECEIVED BY HHMI SCIENTISTS (FISCAL YEAR 2015) 1) Walter Shares Lasker Award The Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation selected HHMI investigator Peter Walter of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Kazutoshi Mori of Kyoto University as recipients of the 2014 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award. The Lasker Awards-considered among the most respected science prizes in the world-honor visionaries whose insight and perseverance have led to dramatic advances that will prevent disease and prolong life. Walter and Mori are being honored for discoveries concerning the unfolded protein response, an intracellular quality control system that detects harmful misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and signals the nucleus to carry out corrective measures. 2) HHMI Scientists Elected to The Royal Society HHMI investigators Linda Buck, John Kuriyan, and Susan Lindquist, and HHMI Senior International Research Scholar Natalie Strynadka have been elected to membership in the Royal Society in recognition of their exceptional contributions to science. Fellows and foreign members are elected for contributions to fundamental research as well as for leading scientific and technological progress in industry and research establishments. This year, 47 fellows and 10 foreign members were elected. 3) Doudna Shares Breakthrough Prize The Breakthrough Prize Foundation announced that HHMI investigator Jennifer A. Doudna of the University of California, Berkeley is among six scientists awarded the Breakthrough Prizes in Life Sciences, which honor transformative advances toward understanding living systems and extending human life. The Breakthrough Prizes recognize pioneering work in physics and genetics, cosmology, and neurology and mathematics. Each prize carries an award of $3 million. 4) Bassler Awarded Shaw Prize The Shaw Prize Foundation in Hong Kong selected Bonnie Bassler, an HHMI investigator at Princeton University, to receive the Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine. Bassler shares the $1 million award with E. Peter Greenberg of the University of Washington. The two were honored for their discovery of quorum sensing, a process whereby bacteria communicate with each other and which may offer innovative ways to interfere with bacterial pathogens or to modulate the microbiome for health applications. The Shaw Prize consists of three annual awards in astronomy, life science & medicine, and mathematical sciences. These international awards honor individuals who have achieved distinguished breakthroughs in academic and scientific research. 5) Svoboda Shares Brain Prize Karel Svoboda, group leader at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus, is one of four scientists awarded The Brain Prize for the invention and development of two-photon microscopy, a transformative tool in brain research. Svoboda shares the Brain Prize with Winfried Denk of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research and senior fellow at Janelia; David Tank of Princeton University and a member of the Janelia Advisory Committee; and Arthur Konnerth of the Institute for Neuroscience at the Technical University Munich. The four will split the roughly $1.1 million award. 6) Six HHMI Researchers Elected to Institute of Medicine Six Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) researchers have been elected to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies. The HHMI scientists are among 70 new IOM members and 10 foreign associates elected today. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to honor professional achievement in the health sciences and to serve as a national resource for independent, scientifically informed analysis and recommendations on health issues. The new members are HHMI investigators, Todd Golub, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Randy Schekman, University of California, Berkeley; Michael Shadlen, Columbia University; Joseph Takahashi, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Ronald Vale, University of California, San Francisco; and HHMI Senior International Research Scholar, Pascale Cossart, Pasteur Institute. 7) HHMI Scientists Elected to National Academy of Sciences Fourteen Howard Hughes Medical Institute scientists were elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences. They are among 84 new members and 21 foreign associates from 15 countries elected in recognition of their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. The National Academy of Sciences is a private organization of scientists and engineers dedicated to the furtherance of science and its use for the general welfare. The scientists are Jean-Laurent Casanova, The Rockefeller University; Catherine Dulac, Harvard University; Taekjip Ha, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Sheng Yang He, Michigan State University; Lora Hooper, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Christine Jacobs-Wagner, Yale University; Jeannie Lee, Massachusetts General Hospital; Randall Moon, University of Washington; Eva Nogales, University of California, Berkeley; Danny Reinberg, New York University; Leslie Vosshall, The Rockefeller University; HHMI Professor Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Rice University; and group leaders, Eric Betzig and Karel Svoboda, Janelia Research Campus. 8) Eleven HHMI Scientists Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences Eleven HHMI scientists were among 197 new fellows and 16 foreign honorary members elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Membership in the American Academy honors individuals who have made prominent contributions to society and to their disciplines, which include mathematics, physics, biological sciences, social sciences, humanities and the arts, public affairs and business. The Academy's broad-based membership gives it a unique capacity to conduct a wide range of interdisciplinary studies and public policy research. The new HHMI members are Alejandro Sanchez Alvarado, Stowers Institute for Medical Research; Sangeeta Bhatia, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Carlos Bustamante, University of California, Berkeley; Joseph DeRisi, University of California, San Francisco; Joseph Ecker, Salk Institute for Biomedical Research; Michael Elowitz, California Institute of Technology; Stanley Fields, University of Washington; David Ginty, Harvard Medical School; Taekjip Ha, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Rice University; and Alexander Rudensky, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 11b Review of form 990 by governing body | The Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Form 990 is initially prepared by its Tax Compliance Department, in coordination with other HHMI departments as needed. The draft return is reviewed by senior management of HHMI and by attorneys in HHMI's Office of the General Counsel. Following these reviews and the resolution of any questions that have been raised, the draft return is reviewed by HHMI's outside tax preparer. Finally, a copy of the return is provided to the members of HHMI's Board of Trustees so that they have an opportunity to review and comment on the return before it is filed. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 12c Conflict of interest policy | In addition to HHMI's code of conduct, which addresses conflicts of interest and applies to all HHMI employees, officers, Trustees, and advisors, HHMI has specific conflict of interest policies for different categories of personnel. Under the HHMI policies that apply to Trustees, officers, and key employees, these individuals must disclose annually interests that could give rise to conflicts of interest, and must certify annually their compliance with the conflict of interest policy that applies to them. Annual disclosures and certifications are reviewed by HHMI's Office of the General Counsel, and by other HHMI managers as needed. The conflict of interest policy covering HHMI's Trustees also requires each Trustee to disclose to the other Trustees any actual or apparent conflict of interest with respect to a proposed HHMI transaction. If the other Trustees decide that there is only the appearance of a conflict of interest, and that it could not reasonably be considered to affect the independent, unbiased judgment of the disclosing Trustee with respect to the transaction at issue, no further action is required to address the apparent conflict. In all other cases, including all actual conflicts of interest, the disclosing Trustee is not permitted to participate in the deliberation or decision regarding the transaction under consideration, and must leave the room during the deliberation and vote. The conflict of interest policies covering HHMI's officers and key employees require each covered individual to obtain supervisory approval up to the level of HHMI's President before entering into an affiliation with or acquiring an interest of 1% or more in any entity that is or may become a recipient of HHMI funds. HHMI's President, in consultation with HHMI's General Counsel, may permit the affiliation or interest if it would not interfere with the covered individual's performance of his or her HHMI responsibilities, would not create the appearance of a conflict of interest, and would be consistent with sound business judgment. HHMI's President may set conditions on approval, for example that there be no remuneration to the covered individual. Proposed affiliations and interests of 1% or more of HHMI's President are subject to the approval of the Chairman of the Trustees. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 15a Process to establish compensation of top management official | The compensation for HHMI's President, other officers, and key employees is set using the following procedures: Every other year, the Audit and Compensation Committee of HHMI's Board of Trustees engages one or more independent compensation consultants to conduct a study of comparable market data. The study includes data for HHMI's President, other officers, and key employees. The independent compensation consultants also provide an opinion regarding the reasonableness of the compensation arrangements for the positions included in the study. The study includes comparable market data for all components of compensation for each person covered by the study, including base salary, incentive compensation (if any), and benefits. The Committee relies on the market data and opinion provided by the compensation consultant in making recommendations to the Board of Trustees regarding compensation for HHMI's President, other officers and key employees. The decision is made by independent Trustees. Any Trustee who has a conflict of interest with respect to a specific officer or key employee must recuse himself or herself from the decision on that person's compensation, and leave the meeting room during the debate and voting on it. In the alternate years when a study is not done, the Audit and Compensation Committee confirms with the independent compensation consultants that the range of any proposed merit increases for HHMI employees, including senior management, is reasonable compared with generally prevailing compensation increases in the market over the past year. The Committee relies on this advice in recommending compensation for HHMI's President, other officers and key employees, and the Board of Trustees relies on this advice in making compensation decisions. Recusal procedures are the same as in the years when a study is done. In each year, minutes of the discussions and decisions regarding compensation are prepared after each meeting and are submitted for approval at the next meeting. Approved minutes are kept in HHMI's records. All minutes include the date of the meeting, identify those Trustees who attended and voted on the compensation arrangements, and note any recusals of Trustees with a conflict of interest. The comparability studies and opinions relied on at the meeting are referenced in the minutes, and copies of these materials are also kept in HHMI's records. HHMI's Board of Trustees followed this process in August 2013 in determining compensation for the following positions for calendar 2014: President, Vice Presidents, and Managing Directors - Investments. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 15b Process to establish compensation of other employees | The compensation for HHMI's President, other officers, and key employees is set using the following procedures: Every other year, the Audit and Compensation Committee of HHMI's Board of Trustees engages one or more independent compensation consultants to conduct a study of comparable market data. The study includes data for HHMI's President, other officers, and key employees. The independent compensation consultants also provide an opinion regarding the reasonableness of the compensation arrangements for the positions included in the study. The study includes comparable market data for all components of compensation for each person covered by the study, including base salary, incentive compensation (if any), and benefits. The Committee relies on the market data and opinion provided by the compensation consultant in making recommendations to the Board of Trustees regarding compensation for HHMI's President, other officers and key employees. The decision is made by independent Trustees. Any Trustee who has a conflict of interest with respect to a specific officer or key employee must recuse himself or herself from the decision on that person's compensation, and leave the meeting room during the debate and voting on it. In the alternate years when a study is not done, the Audit and Compensation Committee confirms with the independent compensation consultants that the range of any proposed merit increases for HHMI employees, including senior management, is reasonable compared with generally prevailing compensation increases in the market over the past year. The Committee relies on this advice in recommending compensation for HHMI's President, other officers and key employees, and the Board of Trustees relies on this advice in making compensation decisions. Recusal procedures are the same as in the years when a study is done. In each year, minutes of the discussions and decisions regarding compensation are prepared after each meeting and are submitted for approval at the next meeting. Approved minutes are kept in HHMI's records. All minutes include the date of the meeting, identify those Trustees who attended and voted on the compensation arrangements, and note any recusals of Trustees with a conflict of interest. The comparability studies and opinions relied on at the meeting are referenced in the minutes, and copies of these materials are also kept in HHMI's records. HHMl's Board of Trustees followed this process in August 2013 in determining compensation for the following positions for calendar 2014: President, Vice Presidents, and Managing Directors - Investments. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 19 Required documents available to the public | HHMI's practice has been to make a copy of its charter and by-laws available on request. HHMl's code of conduct, which addresses conflicts of interest, is available to the public on the HHMI website. A downloadable copy of HHMI's most recent audited financial statements is also available to the public on the website. In addition, HHMI publishes "Year in Review" that provides a summary of each year's activity, expenditures, and financial performance. |
| Form 990, Part VIII, Line 11d Other Miscellaneous Revenue | Involuntary conversion - Total Revenue: 2400000, Related or Exempt Function Revenue: , Unrelated Business Revenue: , Revenue Excluded from Tax Under Sections 512, 513, or 514: 2400000; Misc - Total Revenue: 24400, Related or Exempt Function Revenue: , Unrelated Business Revenue: , Revenue Excluded from Tax Under Sections 512, 513, or 514: 24400; |
| Schedule A, Part I, Line 4 List of Hospital Affiliations | List of hospital affiliations for e-filing: Hospital, City, State, Zip Code- B&W Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115/ Children's Hosp, Boston, MA, 02115/ Children's Hosp, Cincinnati, OH, 45229/ Dana-Farber, Boston, MA, 02115/ Fred Hutch, Seattle, WA, 98109/ JHopkins Hosp, Baltimore, MD, 21205/ Mass Gen Hosp, Boston, MA, 02129/ MSKCC, New York, NY, 10021/ Nat'l Jewish, Denver, CO, 80206/ St Jude, Memphis, TN, 38105/ Duke-Duke Hosp, Durham, NC, 27706/ Emory-Univ Hosp, Atlanta, GA, 30322/ NYU-NYU Hosps, New York, NY, 10016/ OHSU-OHSU Hosp, Portland, OR, 97239/ Rockefeller-Hosp, New York, NY,10021/ Stanford-Hosp, Palo Alto, CA, 94305/ UCLA-Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA, 90095/ UCSD-Med Ctr, San Diego, CA, 92093/ UCSF-UCSF Hosps, San Francisco, CA, 94143/ UIowa-UIowa Hosps, Iowa City, IA, 52242/ UMass-Med Ctr, Worcester, MA, 01605/ UMich-UMich Hosp, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109/ UPenn-UPenn Hosp, Philadelphia, PA, 19104/ UT-Austin-UT Hosp, Austin, TX, 78712/ UTSW-UTSW Hosps, Dallas, TX, 75390/ UUtah-UUtah Hosps, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112/ UWash-Med Ctr, Seattle, WA, 98195/ ADARC-aff hosp, New York, NY, 10016/ AECOM-affil hosps, New York, NY, 10461/ Baylor-aff hosps, Houston, TX, 77O3O/ BU-aff hosp, Boston, MA, 02126/ Brandeis-aff hsps, Waltham, MA, 02254/ CalTech-aff hosps, Pasadena, CA, 91125/ Carnegie-aff hsps, Baltimore, MD, 21210/ CSHL-affil hosps, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724/ CSU-affil hosp, Fort Collins, CO, 80521/ Columbia-aff hsps, New York, NY, 10027/ Cornell-aff hosps, New York, NY, 14853/ Harvard-aff hosps, Cambridge, MA, 02138/ Indiana-affil hosp, Bloomington, IN, 47405/ TJL-affil hosps, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609/ JHU-affil hosps, Baltimore, MD, 21218/ MichSU-affil hosps, Lansing, MI, 48824/ MIT-affil hosps, Boston, MA, 02139/ NWU-affil hosps, Evanston, IL, 60208/ Princeton-aff hosps, Princeton, NJ, 08544/ Rutgers-affil hosp, Piscataway, NJ, 08854/ Salk-affil hosps ,La Jolla, CA, 92093/ Scripps-affil hosps, La Jolla, CA 92037/ Stowers-aff hosps, Kansas City, MO, 64110/ SUNY-affil hosps, Stony Brook, NY,11794/ Texas A&M-aff hsp, College Station, TX, 77843/ Tufts-aff hosps, Boston, MA, 02111/ UCB-affil hosps, Berkeley, CA, 94720/ UCDavis-affil hsps, Davis, CA, 95616/ UCR-affil hosps, Riversde, CA, 92521/ UCSC-aff hosps, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064/ UChi-affil hosp, Chicago, IL, 60637/ UColo-aff hosp, Boulder, CO, 80309/ UColo-aff hosp, Denver, CO, 80217/ UFla-aff hosps, Gainesville, FL, 32611/ Uillinois-aff hsp, Urbana, IL, 61801/ UMD-affil hosp, Baltimore, MD, 21201/ UNC-affil hosps, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599/ UOregon-aff hsp, Eugene, OR,97403/ UWisc-affil hosps, Madison, WI, 53706/ WashU-aff hosp, St Louis, MO, 63130/ YaleU-affil hosp, New Haven, CT, 06520/ |
| Schedule A, Part I, Line 4 MRO Qualification | The Institute is a medical research organization for its taxable year ended August 31, 2015, as its expenditures of $ 833,569,341 on a cash basis for the year ended August 31 , 2014 exceeded the MRO requirement of $686,799,477 (3.5% of the HHMI endowment). |
| Software ID: | 14000329 |
| Software Version: | 2014v1.0 |