Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
Information about Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at www.irs.gov/form990.
| (i)Name of supported organization | (ii) EIN | (iii) Type of organization (described on lines 1- 9 above (see instructions)) | (iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document? | (v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions) | (vi) Amount of other support (see instructions) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
| Total | ||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2011 | (b) 2012 | (c) 2013 | (d) 2014 | (e) 2015 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any unusual grants.) .... | ||||||
| 2 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf....... | ||||||
| 3 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge.. | ||||||
| 4 | Total. Add lines 1 through 3 | ||||||
| 5 | The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f).. | ||||||
| 6 | Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4. | ||||||
Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2011 | (b) 2012 | (c) 2013 | (d) 2014 | (e) 2015 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Amounts from line 4.. | ||||||
| 8 | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources... | ||||||
| 9 | Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.. | ||||||
| 10 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.).. | ||||||
| 11 | Total support. Add lines 7 through 10. | ||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2011 | (b) 2012 | (c) 2013 | (d) 2014 | (e) 2015 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") . | ||||||
| 2 | Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose...... | ||||||
| 3 | Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513... | ||||||
| 4 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf... | ||||||
| 5 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge.. | ||||||
| 6 | Total. Add lines 1 through 5. | ||||||
| 7a | Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons... | ||||||
| b | Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 7a and 7b.. | ||||||
| 8 | Public support. (Subtract line 7c from line 6.) | ||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2011 | (b) 2012 | (c) 2013 | (d) 2014 | (e) 2015 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | Amounts from line 6... | ||||||
| 10a | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources.. | ||||||
| b | Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 10a and 10b. | ||||||
| 11 | Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on. | ||||||
| 12 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) .. | ||||||
| 13 | Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.).. | ||||||
| Section A - Adjusted Net Income | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
||||
| 1 | Net short-term capital gain | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Other gross income (see instructions) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Add lines 1 through 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Depreciation and depletion | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Other expenses (see instructions) | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4) | 8 | ||||
| Section B - Minimum Asset Amount | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
||||
| 1 | Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year): | 1 | ||||
| a | Average monthly value of securities | 1a | ||||
| b | Average monthly cash balances | 1b | ||||
| c | Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets | 1c | ||||
| d | Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c) | 1d | ||||
| e |
Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI): |
|||||
| 2 | Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Subtract line 2 from line 1d | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 1-1/2% of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions). | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3) | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Multiply line 5 by .035 | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6) | 8 | ||||
| Section C - Distributable Amount | Current Year | |||||
| 1 | Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A) | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Enter 85% of line 1 | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Enter greater of line 2 or line 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Income tax imposed in prior year | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| Section D - Distributions | Current Year | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes | ||
|
2
Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity |
||
| 3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations | ||
| 4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets | ||
| 5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required) | ||
| 6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions | ||
| 7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6. | ||
|
8
Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions |
||
| 9 Distributable amount for 2015 from Section C, line 6 | ||
| 10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount | ||
| Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions) |
(i) Excess Distributions |
(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2015 |
(iii) Distributable Amount for 2015 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
Distributable amount for 2015 from Section C, line 6 |
||||
|
2
Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2015 (reasonable cause required--see instructions) |
||||
| 3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2015: | ||||
| a | ||||
| b | ||||
| c | ||||
| d From 2013....... | ||||
| e From 2014....... | ||||
| fTotal of lines 3a through e | ||||
| g Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| h Applied to 2015 distributable amount | ||||
|
i
Carryover from 2010 not applied (see instructions) |
||||
| j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from 3f. | ||||
| 4Distributions for 2015 from Section D, line 7: | ||||
| $ | ||||
| a Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| b Applied to 2015 distributable amount | ||||
| c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from 4. | ||||
|
5
Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2015, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2 (if amount greater than zero, see instructions) |
||||
|
6
Remaining underdistributions for 2015. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1 (if amount greater than zero, see instructions) |
||||
|
7 Excess distributions carryover to 2016. Add lines 3j and 4c. |
||||
| 8 Breakdown of line 7: | ||||
| a | ||||
| b | ||||
| c Excess from 2013....... | ||||
| d From 2014....... | ||||
| e From 2015....... | ||||
| Facts And Circumstances Test |
|---|
| Return Reference | Explanation |
|---|
| Software ID: | 15000238 |
| Software Version: | 2015v3.0 |
Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
Information about Schedule O (Form 990 or 990-EZ) and its instructions is at| Return Reference | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Form 990, Part III, Line 4a Program Service Description (continued) | (C) HIGHLIGHTS FROM HHMI RESEARCH LABORATORIES (FISCAL YEAR 2016) 1) Study Examines Scale of Gene Mutations in Human Neurons Christopher Walsh, Boston Children's Hospital https://www.hhmi.org/news/study-examines-scale-gene-mutations-human-neurons A single neuron in a normal adult brain likely has more than a thousand genetic mutations that are not present in the cells that surround it, according to research from HHMI scientists. The majority of these mutations appear to arise while genes are in active use, after brain development is complete. 2) High-Speed Microscope Images Entire Living Organisms at High Resolution Philipp Keller, Janelia Research Campus https://www.hhmi.org/news/seeing-big-picture A microscope developed at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus is giving scientists a clearer, more comprehensive view of biological processes as they unfold in living animals. The microscope produces images of entire organisms, such as a zebrafish or fruit fly embryo, with enough resolution in all three dimensions that each cell appears as a distinct structure. What's more, it does so at speeds fast enough to watch cells move as a developing embryo takes shape and to monitor brain activity as it flashes through neuronal circuits. 3) Researchers Identify New Factors that Guide Organization of Plant Roots Philip Benfey, Duke University https://www.hhmi.org/news/researchers-identify-new-factors-guide-organization-plant-roots As the root of a growing plant pushes its way through soil, its cells have a lot of organizing to do. New cells must take on the appropriate identities and positions to form distinct layers of tissue that give the root its structure, protect it from the environment, and ensure that it can properly transport materials to and from the rest of the plant. HHMI scientists have identified a set of proteins that plays a surprisingly broad role in guiding this tissue formation. The factors, known as the BIRDs, help a root maintain its organization as it grows, guiding several distinct steps in the development of two interior layers of tissue. 4) New Studies Advance Understanding of CRISPR Gene Editing Jennifer Doudna, University of California, Berkeley Robert Tjian, HHMI https://www.hhmi.org/news/new-studies-advance-understanding-crispr-gene-editing CRISPR/Cas9, a defense system that bacteria use to protect against invading genetic elements, was adapted by scientists in 2012 as tool to edit genomes in the lab. The new technology has been adopted enthusiastically by the research community because of its ability to cleave target sequences of DNA with remarkable precision and efficiency. After directly watching individual Cas9 enzymes explore DNA inside living cells, HHMI scientists report that they have a better understanding of how Cas9 speeds through this task, testing out potential targets but quickly moving on from those that are not an exact match. 5) Mutations Before Birth Might Disrupt Heart and Nervous System Development Christine Seidman, Brigham and Women's Hospital Richard Lifton, Yale University https://www.hhmi.org/news/mutations-birth-might-disrupt-heart-and-nervous-system-development A team of scientists has determined why some children who are born with heart defects also often have developmental disabilities such as problems with speech or muscle coordination. The research suggests that these children accrue mutations very early in development that damage genes crucial for heart and brain formation. About one percent of newborns suffer from congenital heart disease, in which structural flaws in the organ, such as misshapen valves or abnormal connections between major vessels, disrupt blood circulation. With surgery or less invasive procedures, doctors can now correct defects that would have killed many of these children 30 years ago. 6) Made in the Shade: How Plants Can Beat the Competition Joanne Chory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies https://www.hhmi.org/news/made-shade-how-plants-can-beat-competition HHMI research has uncovered a molecular mechanism that enables plants to detect when they are in the shade of other plants and adapt by speeding up their growth. The scientists found that light-sensing and DNA-binding proteins team up to switch on a unique set of genes that cause a plant to grow. 7) Breakable Genes May Promote Disease and Brain Cell Diversity Frederick Alt, Boston Children's Hospital https://www.hhmi.org/news/breakable-genes-may-promote-disease-and-brain-cell-diversity HHMI researchers have identified 27 genes in brain stem cells that are prone to a type of DNA damage. The fragility of those genes could explain why they are often mutated or deleted in cancers and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. But their tendency to break could also benefit the brain by providing a way to produce a greater diversity of neurons. 8) New Studies Examine How Mice Respond to a Predator's Scent Linda Buck, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center https://www.hhmi.org/news/new-studies-examine-how-mice-respond-predator-s-scent When the twitching pink nose of a mouse detects danger, the animal has to act fast. Fortunately, a predator rapidly triggers the release of stress hormones in the mouse and prompts behaviors that reduce the risk of it becoming the predator's latest snack. HHMI scientists have identified a brain area that is critical to this instinctive fear response, helping explain how the brain translates danger signals detected by the nose into a physiological response. The research offers clues to the larger puzzle of how animals, including humans, perceive and respond to fear. 9) Command and Control System Monitors Food Intake of Flies Leslie Vosshall, The Rockefeller University https://www.hhmi.org/news/command-and-control-system-monitors-food-intake-flies Working in fruit flies, HHMI scientists have discovered a command center in the brain that controls how much insects eat and how quickly they consume their food. To make the decision, neurons in the command center integrate information about an animal's internal state of satiety with taste cues detected just moments after food is swallowed. These neurons simultaneously monitor how hungry the fly is and what the fly is ingesting. Rapid feedback from the cells helps ensure that the insects consume appropriate amounts of nourishing foods. 10) Learning How the Brain Recovers from Disruptions Karel Svoboda and Shaul Druckmann, Janelia Research Campus https://www.hhmi.org/news/learning-how-brain-recovers-disruptions Scientists at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus have found that the brain is organized into modules that work together to maintain critical functions, even in the face of disturbances. This structural organization may explain how neurons that store short-term memories can recover from significant disruptions-for example, enabling a quarterback to remember a planned play despite the distractions he encounters before he throws the football. This organizational motif is likely to underlie other essential circuitry within the brain as well. 11) The Genetic History of Ice Age Europe David Reich, Harvard University https://www.hhmi.org/news/genetic-history-ice-age-europe Analyses of ancient DNA from prehistoric humans paint a picture of dramatic population change in Europe from 45,000 to 7,000 years ago. The new genetic data reveal two big changes in prehistoric human populations that are closely linked to the end of the last Ice Age around 19,000 years ago. As the ice sheet retreated, Europe was repopulated by prehistoric humans from southwest Europe (e.g., Spain). Then, in a second event about 14,000 years ago, populations from the southeast (e.g., Turkey, Greece) spread into Europe, displacing the first group of humans. 12) Staying a Step Ahead of Cancer Kevan Shokat, University of California, San Francisco https://www.hhmi.org/news/staying-step-ahead-cancer HHMI scientists have designed a potential cancer therapy that uses a unique strategy to block mTOR, a molecule that helps drive the growth of many tumors. In animal experiments, the drug reduces the size of tumors that are resistant to earlier-generation cancer drugs called mTOR inhibitors. 13) Molecule Required for Pain Also Helps Regulate Body Weight Scott Sternson, Janelia Research Campus https://www.hhmi.org/news/molecule-required-pain-also-helps-regulate-body-weight A molecule best known for its involvement in pain perception also plays an important role in regulating body weight, according to new research in mice by scientists at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus. The molecule, called Nav1.7, enables some neurons to efficiently integrate information they receive over time. When weight-regulating neurons lose this ability, mice become either over- or underweight. |
| Form 990, Part III, Line 4b Program Service Description (continued) | (C) Educational Media HHMI's Educational Media Group is comprised of BioInteractive and Tangled Bank Studios. BioInteractive, a resource for AP biology and college-level introductory biology teachers, has been in existence for more than 15 years and receives 2.5 million unique visitors per year through its website. The Educational Media Group produces science education resources including interactive multimedia materials, scientific animations, videos, in-class activities, the annual Holiday Lectures on Science, as well as award-winning, broadcast-quality short films. The products are then made available to educators online, through the BioInteractive.org website and YouTube channel, and at workshops and conventions. The 2015 Holiday Lectures on Science featured speakers, Robert M Pringle and Corina E Tarnita both from Princeton University, who discussed the "Patterns and Processes in Ecology." The speakers delivered their lectures live to an audience of about 150 high school students from the Washington, DC area. They described their efforts to understand patterns and processes that organize and regulate natural ecosystems. Their lectures were also made available online and will be supplemented by a variety of educational resources, including two "Scientist at Work" videos showing Silliman and Power conducting their research in salt marshes and rivers, respectively. This year, HHMI's Educational Media Group has continued to expand its efforts in translating its educational materials into Spanish and conducting professional development workshops for teachers in Latin American countries in collaboration with the Instituto de Neurociencia Biomedica (BNI), Universidad de Chile, and the Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico. The Spanish resources are currently available on the BioInteractive website and on Loligo, a new Spanish-language science education website produced by BNI. HHMI's Educational Media Group also expanded its efforts into citizen science. This year the group launched an educational addition to WildCam Gorongosa, its popular citizen science project that invites participants to identify animals in photos taken by motion-activated trail cameras at Gorongosa National Park (GNP). The new educational tool, called WildCam Lab, allows educators to create virtual classrooms in which students can ask questions and test hypotheses using data from the trail camera project. Students can select subsets of photos according to different criteria, download and sort through data, and share their work with other student. HHMI's Educational Media Group has also started planning a second citizen science project based in Darien National Park in Panama. Finally, HHMI's Educational Media Group will be launching an exciting new app, called BiomeViewer, in which users can explore the climate, vegetation, and wildlife of biomes across the globe. BiomeViewer builds on the success of the popular EarthViewer app which has been downloaded over 1.8 million times. (D) Tangled Bank Studios Tangled Bank Studios, LLC, HHMI's documentary film production unit, is dedicated to the creation of original science documentaries for broadcast, theatrical, and digital distribution. As an extension of HHMI's longstanding science education mission, the company aims to produce programs that capture compelling stories of discovery across all branches of scientific inquiry, with particular focus on the life sciences. Tangled Bank Studios won its first Emmy award, honoring the 2014 three-part PBS series Your Inner Fish. The show won in the Outstanding Graphic Design & Art Direction category in the 37th News & Documentary Emmy Awards competition. Your Inner Fish was a 2014 television series based on the best-selling book by leading paleontologist and evolutionary biologist Neil Shubin, a professor at the University of Chicago. In taking viewers on a cutting-edge, scientific adventure, Your Inner Fish reveals a startling truth: hidden within the human body is a history of life on Earth. Tangled Bank Studios has also produced Mass Extinction-Life at the Brink (Smithsonian Channel 2014) and Vaccines-Calling the Shots (PBS/NOVA 2014). New films released this year: In a new one-hour documentary, WGBH Boston's NOVA team partnered with HHMI's Tangled Bank Studios and Holt Productions to develop, Can Alzheimer's Be Stopped? The film premiered in April 2016 on PBS. Despite the urgent need for treatment, dozens of drug trials to tackle Alzheimer's disease have failed. Less than one percent of Alzheimer's drugs tested have been approved, and none of them can stop the disease. Can Alzheimer's Be Stopped? takes viewers behind the scenes of drug trials to reveal how they are designed, what makes them so challenging, and why researchers are encouraged in their quest for an effective treatment. Spillover - Zika, Ebola & Beyond premiered on PBS in August 2016. Throughout the last few decades, diseases that spill over from animals to humans have been on the rise. What's behind their increase, and can we do anything to combat these dangerous foes? The film follows scientists as they investigate the rise of spillover viruses like Zika, Ebola and Nipah, and learn what science can do to anticipate and prevent epidemics around the world. (E) eLife - Open Access Journal HHMI, together with the Wellcome Trust and the Max Planck Society, continues to support a top tier scientific journal called eLife. The online journal follows an open access model and is directed by practicing scientists. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd., is an independent non-profit entity governed by a separate board of directors. eLife began publishing research articles in late 2012 and is publishing articles online on a regular basis. |
| Form 990, Part III, Line 4a Program Service Description (continued-1) | 14) Extensive Variation Revealed in 1001 Genomes and Epigenomes of Arabidopsis Joseph Ecker, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies https://www.hhmi.org/news/extensive-variation-revealed-1001-genomes-and-epigenomes-arabidopsis An international team of scientists has sequenced the whole genomes and epigenomes of more than 1,000 Arabidopsis thaliana plants, sampled from geographically diverse locations. The collection of 1,001 genomes and 1,001 epigenomes not only illuminates new aspects of the plant's evolutionary history, but also provides a comprehensive, species-wide picture of the interaction between genetic and epigenetic variation in this important model plant. 15) Large Protein Nanocages Could Improve Drug Design and Delivery David Baker, University of Washington https://www.hhmi.org/news/large-protein-nanocages-could-improve-drug-design-and-delivery Using novel computational and biochemical approaches, scientists have accurately designed and built from scratch 10 large protein icosahedra -- polyhedra with 20 faces -- similar to viral capsids that carry viral DNA. The designed structures are made of two different engineered proteins, present in 60 copies each, which self-assemble into icosahedra. They have a wide variety of potential applications, from targeted drug delivery to the development of more effective vaccines, the researchers say. 16) Gene Tweak Leads to Differences in Drosophila Courtship Songs David Stern, Janelia Research Campus https://www.hhmi.org/news/love-me-do-gene-tweak-leads-differences-drosophila-courtship-songs Pinpointing the precise relationship between genes and behavior has been notoriously tricky for biologists. Janelia Research Campus scientists have devised new strategies to drill down into this link. Using new technologies, a group of Janelia scientists has identified a gene that causes male Drosophila to produce different courtship songs - one sings a high note; the other strikes a low note. The researchers hope the findings and methodology will serve as a roadmap for biologists, allowing them to determine other genetic roots of behavior. (D) Honors and Awards Received by HHMI Scientists (Fiscal Year 2016) Elledge Shares Lasker Award The Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation selected HHMI investigator Stephen Elledge of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Evelyn Witkin of Rutgers University as recipients of the 2015 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award. The Lasker Awards -- considered among the most respected science prizes in the world -- honor visionaries whose insight and perseverance have led to dramatic advances that will prevent disease and prolong life. Elledge and Witkin were honored for discoveries concerning the DNA-damage response -- a fundamental mechanism that protects the genomes of all living organisms. Doudna Receives Canada's Gairdner Award for Research on CRISPR The Gairdner Foundation announced that HHMI Investigator Jennifer Doudna of the University of California, Berkeley is a recipient of the prestigious 2016 Canada Gairdner International Award in recognition of her contributions to medical science. The awards, which are presented annually, recognize scientists responsible for some of the world's most significant medical discoveries. Doudna, who became an HHMI investigator in 1997, was honored for development of CRISPR-Cas9 as a genome-editing tool for eukaryotic cells. HHMI Scientists Elected to The Royal Society HHMI investigators Mark Davis and Jennifer Doudna have been elected to foreign membership in the Royal Society in recognition of their exceptional contributions to science. Fellows and foreign members are elected for contributions to fundamental research as well as for leading scientific and technological progress in industry and research establishments. This year, 50 fellows and 10 foreign members were elected. Deisseroth and Hobbs Awarded Breakthrough Prizes The Breakthrough Prize Foundation selected HHMI investigators Karl Deisseroth of Stanford University and Helen Hobbs of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center as recipients of the Breakthrough Prizes in Life Sciences. The prizes honor transformative advances toward understanding living systems and extending human life. Deisseroth was honored for the development and implementation of optogenetics - the programming of neurons to express light-activated ion channels and pumps, so that their electrical activity can be controlled by light. Hobbs was recognized for the discovery of human genetic variants that alter the levels and distribution of cholesterol and other lipids, inspiring new approaches to the prevention of cardiovascular and liver disease. The Breakthrough Prizes recognize pioneering work in physics and genetics, cosmology, and neurology and mathematics. Each prize carries an award of $3 million. Zoghbi Awarded Shaw Prize The Shaw Prize Foundation in Hong Kong announced that Huda Zoghbi, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at Baylor College of Medicine, and Adrian Bird of the University of Edinburgh will share the $1.2 million award for their discovery of the genes and proteins involved in the developmental disorder Rett syndrome. The Shaw Prize consists of three annual awards in astronomy, life science and medicine, and mathematical sciences. These international awards honor individuals who have achieved distinguished breakthroughs in academic and scientific research. The awards are dedicated to furthering societal progress, enhancing quality of life, and enriching humanity's spiritual civilization. Five HHMI Researchers Elected to National Academy of Medicine Five HHMI researchers have been elected to the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). The HHMI scientists are among 70 new NAM members and 10 international members elected today. Established originally as the Institute of Medicine in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine addresses critical issues in health, science, medicine, and related policy and inspires positive actions across sectors. The new members are HHMI investigators, Michael Green, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine; Nikola Pavletich, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Alexander Rudensky, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Jean-Laurent Casanova, The Rockefeller University; and HHMI Senior International Research Scholar, Nahum Sonenberg, McGill University. HHMI Scientists Elected to National Academy of Sciences Eleven Howard Hughes Medical Institute scientists were elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences. They are among 84 new members and 21 foreign associates from 15 countries elected in recognition of their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. The National Academy of Sciences is a private organization of scientists and engineers dedicated to the furtherance of science and its use for the general welfare. The scientists are Joseph DeRisi, University of California, San Francisco; Raymond Deshaies, California Institute of Technology; Nathaniel Heintz, The Rockefeller University; Hopi Hoekstra, Harvard University; Kenneth Murphy, Washington University in St. Louis; Krishna Niyogi, University of California, Berkeley; David Sabatini, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research; Amita Sehgal, University of Pennsylvania; Geraldine Seydoux, The Johns Hopkins University; Michael Summers, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Bonnie Bartel, Rice University. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 11b Review of form 990 by governing body | The Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Form 990 is initially prepared by its Tax Compliance Department, in coordination with other HHMI departments as needed. The draft return is reviewed by senior management of HHMI and by attorneys in HHMI's Office of the General Counsel. Following these reviews and the resolution of any questions that have been raised, the draft return is reviewed by HHMI's outside tax preparer. Finally, a copy of the return is provided to the members of HHMI's Board of Trustees so that they have an opportunity to review and comment on the return before it is filed. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 12c Conflict of interest policy | In addition to HHMI's code of conduct, which addresses conflicts of interest and applies to all HHMI employees, officers, Trustees, and advisors, HHMI has specific conflict of interest policies for different categories of personnel. Under the HHMI policies that apply to Trustees, officers, and key employees, these individuals must disclose annually interests that could give rise to conflicts of interest, and must certify annually their compliance with the conflict of interest policy that applies to them. Annual disclosures and certifications are reviewed by HHMI's Office of the General Counsel, and by other HHMI managers as needed. The conflict of interest policy covering HHMI's Trustees also requires each Trustee to disclose to the other Trustees any actual or apparent conflict of interest with respect to a proposed HHMI transaction. If the other Trustees decide that there is only the appearance of a conflict of interest, and that it could not reasonably be considered to affect the independent, unbiased judgment of the disclosing Trustee with respect to the transaction at issue, no further action is required to address the apparent conflict. In all other cases, including all actual conflicts of interest, the disclosing Trustee is not permitted to participate in the deliberation or decision regarding the transaction under consideration, and must leave the room during the deliberation and vote. The conflict of interest policies covering HHMI's officers and key employees require each covered individual to obtain supervisory approval up to the level of HHMI's President before entering into an affiliation with or acquiring an interest of 1% or more in any entity that is or may become a recipient of HHMI funds. HHMI's President, in consultation with HHMI's General Counsel, may permit the affiliation or interest if it would not interfere with the covered individual's performance of his or her HHMI responsibilities, would not create the appearance of a conflict of interest, and would be consistent with sound business judgment. HHMI's President may set conditions on approval, for example that there be no remuneration to the covered individual. Proposed affiliations and interests of 1% or more of HHMI's President are subject to the approval of the Chairman of the Trustees. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 15a Process to establish compensation of top management official | The compensation for HHMI's President, other officers, and key employees is set using the following procedures: Every other year, the Audit and Compensation Committee of HHMI's Board of Trustees engages one or more independent compensation consultants to conduct a study of comparable market data. The study includes data for HHMI's President, other officers, and key employees. The independent compensation consultants also provide an opinion regarding the reasonableness of the compensation arrangements for the positions included in the study. The study includes comparable market data for all components of compensation for each person covered by the study, including base salary, incentive compensation (if any), and benefits. The Committee relies on the market data and opinion provided by the compensation consultant in making recommendations to the Board of Trustees regarding compensation for HHMI's President, other officers and key employees. The decision is made by independent Trustees. Any Trustee who has a conflict of interest with respect to a specific officer or key employee must recuse himself or herself from the decision on that person's compensation, and leave the meeting room during the debate and voting on it. In the alternate years when a study is not done, the Audit and Compensation Committee confirms with the independent compensation consultants that the range of any proposed merit increases for HHMI employees, including senior management, is reasonable compared with generally prevailing compensation increases in the market over the past year. The Committee relies on this advice in recommending compensation for HHMI's President, other officers and key employees, and the Board of Trustees relies on this advice in making compensation decisions. Recusal procedures are the same as in the years when a study is done. In each year, minutes of the discussions and decisions regarding compensation are prepared after each meeting and are submitted for approval at the next meeting. Approved minutes are kept in HHMI's records. All minutes include the date of the meeting, identify those Trustees who attended and voted on the compensation arrangements, and note any recusals of Trustees with a conflict of interest. The comparability studies and opinions relied on at the meeting are referenced in the minutes, and copies of these materials are also kept in HHMI's records. HHMI's Board of Trustees followed this process in August 2015 in determining compensation for the following positions for fiscal year 2016: President, Vice Presidents, and Managing Directors - Investments. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 15b Process to establish compensation of other employees | The compensation for HHMI's President, other officers, and key employees is set using the following procedures: Every other year, the Audit and Compensation Committee of HHMI's Board of Trustees engages one or more independent compensation consultants to conduct a study of comparable market data. The study includes data for HHMI's President, other officers, and key employees. The independent compensation consultants also provide an opinion regarding the reasonableness of the compensation arrangements for the positions included in the study. The study includes comparable market data for all components of compensation for each person covered by the study, including base salary, incentive compensation (if any), and benefits. The Committee relies on the market data and opinion provided by the compensation consultant in making recommendations to the Board of Trustees regarding compensation for HHMI's President, other officers and key employees. The decision is made by independent Trustees. Any Trustee who has a conflict of interest with respect to a specific officer or key employee must recuse himself or herself from the decision on that person's compensation, and leave the meeting room during the debate and voting on it. In the alternate years when a study is not done, the Audit and Compensation Committee confirms with the independent compensation consultants that the range of any proposed merit increases for HHMI employees, including senior management, is reasonable compared with generally prevailing compensation increases in the market over the past year. The Committee relies on this advice in recommending compensation for HHMI's President, other officers and key employees, and the Board of Trustees relies on this advice in making compensation decisions. Recusal procedures are the same as in the years when a study is done. In each year, minutes of the discussions and decisions regarding compensation are prepared after each meeting and are submitted for approval at the next meeting. Approved minutes are kept in HHMI's records. All minutes include the date of the meeting, identify those Trustees who attended and voted on the compensation arrangements, and note any recusals of Trustees with a conflict of interest. The comparability studies and opinions relied on at the meeting are referenced in the minutes, and copies of these materials are also kept in HHMI's records. HHMl's Board of Trustees followed this process in August 2015 in determining compensation for the following positions for fiscal year 2016: President, Vice Presidents, and Managing Directors - Investments. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 19 Required documents available to the public | HHMI's practice has been to make a copy of its charter and by-laws available on request. HHMI's code of conduct, which addresses conflicts of interest, is available to the public on the HHMI website. A downloadable copy of HHMI's most recent audited financial statements is also available to the public on the website. In addition, HHMI publishes "Year in Review" that provides a summary of each year's activity, expenditures, and financial performance. |
| Form 990, Part VIII, Line 11d Other Miscellaneous Revenue | Miscellaneous - Total Revenue: 313443, Related or Exempt Function Revenue: , Unrelated Business Revenue: , Revenue Excluded from Tax Under Sections 512, 513, or 514: 313443; Innovation Dissemination - Total Revenue: 117362, Related or Exempt Function Revenue: , Unrelated Business Revenue: , Revenue Excluded from Tax Under Sections 512, 513, or 514: 117362; |
| Schedule A, Part I, Line 4 List of Hospital Affiliations | List of hospital affiliations for e-filing: Hospital, City, State, Zip Code- B&W Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115/ Children's Hosp, Boston, MA, 02115/ Children's Hosp, Cincinnati, OH, 45229/ Dana-Farber, Boston, MA, 02115/ Fred Hutch, Seattle, WA, 98109/ JHopkins Hosp, Baltimore, MD, 21205/ Mass Gen Hosp, Boston, MA, 02129/ MSKCC, New York, NY, 10021/ Nat'l Jewish, Denver, CO, 80206/ St Jude, Memphis, TN, 38105/ Duke-Duke Hosp, Durham, NC, 27706/ NYU-NYU Hosps, New York, NY, 10016/ OHSU-OHSU Hosp, Portland, OR, 97239/ Rockefeller-Hosp, New York, NY,10021/ Penn State Univ-Hosp, University Park, PA 16802/ Stanford-Hosp, Palo Alto, CA, 94305/ UCLA-Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA, 90095/ UCSD-Med Ctr, San Diego, CA, 92093/ UCSF-UCSF Hosps, San Francisco, CA, 94143/ UIowa-UIowa Hosps, Iowa City, IA, 52242/ UMass-Med Ctr, Worcester, MA, 01605/ UMich-UMich Hosp, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109/ UPenn-UPenn Hosp, Philadelphia, PA, 19104/ UT-Austin-UT Hosp, Austin, TX, 78712/ UTSW-UTSW Hosps, Dallas, TX, 75390/ UUtah-UUtah Hosps, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112/ UWash-Med Ctr, Seattle, WA, 98195/ ADARC-aff hosp, New York, NY, 10016/ AECOM-affil hosps, New York, NY, 10461/ Baylor-aff hosps, Houston, TX, 77O3O/ BU-aff hosp, Boston, MA, 02126/ Brandeis-aff hsps, Waltham, MA, 02254/ CalTech-aff hosps, Pasadena, CA, 91125/ Carnegie-aff hsps, Baltimore, MD, 21210/ CSHL-affil hosps, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724/ CSU-affil hosp, Fort Collins, CO, 80521/ Columbia-aff hsps, New York, NY, 10027/ Cornell-aff hosps, New York, NY, 14853/ Harvard-aff hosps, Cambridge, MA, 02138/ Indiana-affil hosp, Bloomington, IN, 47405/ TJL-affil hosps, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609/ JHU-affil hosps, Baltimore, MD, 21218/ MichSU-affil hosps, Lansing, MI, 48824/ MIT-affil hosps, Boston, MA, 02139/ NWU-affil hosps, Evanston, IL, 60208/ Princeton-aff hosps, Princeton, NJ, 08544/ Rutgers-affil hosp, Piscataway, NJ, 08854/ Salk-affil hosps ,La Jolla, CA, 92093/ Scripps-affil hosps, La Jolla, CA 92037/ Stowers-aff hosps, Kansas City, MO, 64110/ SUNY-affil hosps, Stony Brook, NY,11794/ Texas A&M-aff hsp, College Station, TX, 77843/ Tufts-aff hosps, Boston, MA, 02111/ UCB-affil hosps, Berkeley, CA, 94720/ UCDavis-affil hsps, Davis, CA, 95616/ UCR-affil hosps, Riversde, CA, 92521/ UCSC-aff hosps, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064/ UChi-affil hosp, Chicago, IL, 60637/ UColo-aff hosp, Boulder, CO, 80309/ UColo-aff hosp, Denver, CO, 80217/ Uillinois-aff hsp, Urbana, IL, 61801/ UMD-affil hosp, Baltimore, MD, 21201/ UMN-affil hosp, Minneapolis, MN 55414/ UNC-affil hosps, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599/ UOregon-aff hsp, Eugene, OR,97403/ UWisc-affil hosps, Madison, WI, 53706/ WashU-aff hosp, St Louis, MO, 63130/ YaleU-affil hosp, New Haven, CT, 06520/ |
| Schedule A, Part I, Line 4 MRO Qualification | The Institute is a medical research organization for its taxable year ended August 31, 2016, as its expenditures of $ 791,795,075 on a cash basis for the year ended August 31 , 2015 exceeded the MRO requirement of $727,119,083 (3.5% of the HHMI endowment). |
| Software ID: | 15000238 |
| Software Version: | 2015v3.0 |