Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
Go to
www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.
| (i) Name of supported organization | (ii) EIN | (iii) Type of organization (described on lines 1- 10 above (see instructions)) | (iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document? | (v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions) | (vi) Amount of other support (see instructions) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
|
Total |
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Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2015 | (b) 2016 | (c) 2017 | (d) 2018 | (e) 2019 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grant.") .. | 143,361,221 | 240,798,040 | 112,703,072 | 121,777,889 | 113,630,164 | 732,270,386 |
| 2 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf.... | 0 | |||||
| 3 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge.. | 0 | |||||
| 4 | Total. Add lines 1 through 3 | 143,361,221 | 240,798,040 | 112,703,072 | 121,777,889 | 113,630,164 | 732,270,386 |
| 5 | The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f).. | 80,507,105 | |||||
| 6 | Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4. | 651,763,281 | |||||
Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2015 | (b) 2016 | (c) 2017 | (d) 2018 | (e) 2019 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Amounts from line 4.. | 143,361,221 | 240,798,040 | 112,703,072 | 121,777,889 | 113,630,164 | 732,270,386 |
| 8 | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources... | 4,044,153 | 6,992,391 | 5,532,193 | 6,303,751 | 5,346,565 | 28,219,053 |
| 9 | Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.. | ||||||
| 10 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.).. | 0 | |||||
| 11 | Total support. Add lines 7 through 10 | 761,228,157 | |||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2015 | (b) 2016 | (c) 2017 | (d) 2018 | (e) 2019 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") . | ||||||
| 2 | Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose | ||||||
| 3 | Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513 ..... | ||||||
| 4 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf... | ||||||
| 5 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge | ||||||
| 6 | Total. Add lines 1 through 5 | ||||||
| 7a | Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons | ||||||
| b | Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 7a and 7b.. | ||||||
| 8 | Public support. (Subtract line 7c from line 6.) | ||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2015 | (b) 2016 | (c) 2017 | (d) 2018 | (e) 2019 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | Amounts from line 6... | ||||||
| 10a | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources.. | ||||||
| b | Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 10a and 10b. | ||||||
| 11 | Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on. | ||||||
| 12 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) .. | ||||||
| 13 | Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.).. | ||||||
| Section A - Adjusted Net Income | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
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| 1 | Net short-term capital gain | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Other gross income (see instructions) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Add lines 1 through 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Depreciation and depletion | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Other expenses (see instructions) | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4) | 8 | ||||
| Section B - Minimum Asset Amount | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
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| 1 | Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year): | 1 | ||||
| a | Average monthly value of securities | 1a | ||||
| b | Average monthly cash balances | 1b | ||||
| c | Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets | 1c | ||||
| d | Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c) | 1d | ||||
| e |
Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI): |
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| 2 | Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Subtract line 2 from line 1d | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 1-1/2% of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions). | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3) | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Multiply line 5 by .035 | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6) | 8 | ||||
| Section C - Distributable Amount | Current Year | |||||
| 1 | Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A) | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Enter 85% of line 1 | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Enter greater of line 2 or line 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Income tax imposed in prior year | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| Section D - Distributions | Current Year | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes | ||
|
2
Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity |
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| 3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations | ||
| 4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets | ||
| 5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required) | ||
| 6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions | ||
| 7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6. | ||
|
8
Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions |
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| 9 Distributable amount for 2019 from Section C, line 6 | ||
| 10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount | ||
| Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions) |
(i) Excess Distributions |
(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2019 |
(iii) Distributable Amount for 2019 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Distributable amount for 2019 from Section C, line 6 | ||||
|
2
Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2019 (reasonable cause required-- explain in Part VI). See instructions. |
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| 3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2019: | ||||
| a From 2014....... | ||||
| b From 2015....... | ||||
| c From 2016....... | ||||
| d From 2017....... | ||||
| e From 2018....... | ||||
| fTotal of lines 3a through e | ||||
| g Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| h Applied to 2019 distributable amount | ||||
|
i
Carryover from 2014 not applied (see instructions) |
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| j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from 3f. | ||||
| 4Distributions for 2019 from Section D, line 7: | ||||
| $ | ||||
| a Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| b Applied to 2019 distributable amount | ||||
| c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from 4. | ||||
|
5
Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2019, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions. |
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|
6
Remaining underdistributions for 2019. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions. |
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|
7 Excess distributions carryover to 2020. Add lines 3j and 4c. |
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| 8 Breakdown of line 7: | ||||
| a Excess from 2015..... | ||||
| b Excess from 2016..... | ||||
| c Excess from 2017..... | ||||
| d Excess from 2018..... | ||||
| e Excess from 2019..... | ||||
| Facts And Circumstances Test |
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| Return Reference | Explanation |
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| Software ID: | |
| Software Version: |
Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.
| Return Reference | Explanation |
|---|---|
| FORM 990, PART I, LINE 1 & PART III, LINE 1 | ORGANIZATIONS MISSION SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE CONDUCTS WORLD-CLASS, COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH DEDICATED TO FINDING CURES FOR HUMAN DISEASE, IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE, AND THUS CREATING A LEGACY FOR ITS EMPLOYEES, PARTNERS, DONORS, AND COMMUNITY. |
| FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4 | PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE (SBP) IS AN INDEPENDENT NONPROFIT MEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION THAT CONDUCTS WORLD-CLASS, COLLABORATIVE, BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND TRANSLATES ITS DISCOVERIES FOR THE BENEFIT OF PATIENTS. SBP FOCUSES ITS RESEARCH ON CANCER, IMMUNITY, NEURODEGENERATION, METABOLIC DISORDERS AND RARE CHILDREN'S DISEASES. CANCER ANTI-CANCER DRUG SHORT-CIRCUITS CANCER SIGNALING. XAIO-KUN ZHANG, PH.D., PUBLISHED A STUDY IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS THAT SHEDS NEW LIGHT ON HOW K-80003 (TX803), AN ANTI-CANCER AGENT DISCOVERED AT SBP, INHIBITS CANCER CELL GROWTH. THE COMPOUND IS IN A CLINICAL TRIAL FOR COLON CANCER AT THE DANA FARBER CANCER CENTER. IMMUNE SCAVENGER CELLS: GOOD GUYS OR BAD GUYS? WILLIAM STALLCUP, PH.D., PUBLISHED A STUDY IN TRENDS IN CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY DESCRIBING ONE WAY THAT CANCER CELLS TRANSFORM MACROPHAGES FROM TUMOR FIGHTERS INTO TUMOR HELPERS. LOCATION MATTERS, EVEN FOR TUMORS. LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION! WE OFTEN HEAR THIS IN REAL ESTATE, BUT ITS ALSO TRUE IN BIOLOGY. WILLIAM STALLCUP, PH.D., PUBLISHED A PAPER IN CANCERS DESCRIBING THE IMPORTANCE OF LOCATION FOR VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF), A PROTEIN THAT RECRUITS NEW BLOOD VESSELS TO "FEED" TUMORS WITH OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS. NOVEL "DOT" SYSTEM IMPROVES CANCER IMAGING. TUMOR IMAGING IS A KEY COMPONENT OF CANCER CARE. DETECTION, TREATMENT AND TRACKING PATIENT PROGRESS ALL RELY ON METHODS USED TO VISUALIZE TUMORS. ERKKI RUOSLAHTI, M.D., PH.D., AND COLLEAGUES HAVE DEVELOPED A NEW SYSTEM USING QUANTUM DOTS THAT ACHIEVES A FIVE-FOLD IMPROVEMENT OVER EXISTING TUMOR-SPECIFIC OPTICAL IMAGING METHODS. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. NEW INSIGHTS ON THE ADDICTIONS OF TUMORS. MARIA DIAZ-MECO, PH.D., PUBLISHED RESEARCH SUGGESTING THAT TARGETING THE P62 PROTEIN IN THE SUPPORTIVE TISSUE SURROUNDING TUMORS MAY CUT OFF THE SUPPLY OF NUTRIENTS THAT FEED THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF MANY CANCERS. THE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THIS PROTEIN COULD BE A POTENTIAL ANTI-CANCER TARGET. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN CELL METABOLISM. STOPPING PANCREATIC CANCER BEFORE IT STARTS. A STUDY CO-AUTHORED BY JORGE MOSCAT, PH.D., AND MARIA DIAZ-MECO, PH.D., LOOKS AT WAYS TO DETECT AND STOP PRECURSORS OF PANCREATIC CANCER-CALLED PANIN1 LESIONS-BEFORE THEY BECOME CANCER. THE FINDINGS SUGGEST SMALL MOLECULES THAT INHIBIT A PROTEIN CALLED MDM2, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN PANCREATIC CANCER PROGRESSION, MAY BE EFFECTIVE AT PREVENTING PANIN1 LESIONS FROM TURNING MALIGNANT. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN CANCER CELL. HOW SHARPIN PROMOTES CANCER PROGRESSION. ZEEV RONAI, PH.D., LED AN INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATION SHOWING HOW THE SHARPIN PROTEIN ACTS AS A MASTER SWITCH THAT CONTROLS SEVERAL OTHER PROTEINS LINKED TO MELANOMA. INHIBITING SHARPIN MAKES CERTAIN TYPES OF TUMOR CELLS MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DEATH AND COULD BOOST THE OVERALL EFFECTIVENESS OF CERTAIN ANTI-CANCER THERAPIES. THE RESEARCH WAS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION. HOW FAT TISSUE SHUNTS ENERGY TO TUMORS. OBESITY IS KNOWN TO BE A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR PROSTATE CANCER AND PREDICTS HOW AGGRESSIVELY THE CANCER WILL BEHAVE. BUT IT HAS NOT BEEN CLEAR HOW OBESITY CONTRIBUTES TO TUMOR FORMATION. A STUDY BY MARIA DIAZ-MECO, PH.D., AND JORGE MOSCAT, PH.D., PUBLISHED IN CANCER CELL, LOOKS AT HOW CANCER DERIVES FUEL FROM FAT CELLS AND DESCRIBES A POTENTIAL APPROACH TO STARVE TUMORS OF NUTRITION. ADVANCING EFFORTS TO STARVE CANCER TO DEATH. FOR YEARS, SCIENTISTS HAVE TRIED TO HALT CANCER BY BLOCKING THE NUTRIENTS THAT CANCER CELLS NEED TO GROW AND PROLIFERATE. THESE STRATEGIES HAVE OFTEN FAILED BECAUSE CANCER CELLS ARE CRAFTY-THEY HAVE BACKUP PLANS TO GATHER THE FOOD AND OXYGEN THAT THEY NEED TO SURVIVE. BROOKE EMERLING, PH.D., LED RESEARCH REVEALING AN ALTERNATIVE METABOLIC PATHWAY USED BY CANCER CELLS THAT MAY BE TARGETED TO STARVE TUMORS. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN MOLECULAR CELL. COMPARING ALGORITHMS THAT SEARCH FOR CANCER MUTATIONS. A TEAM OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTISTS LED BY ADAM GODZIK, PH.D., HAS UNDERTAKEN THE FIRST-EVER COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A NEWLY EMERGING CATEGORY OF ALGORITHMS THAT MINE CANCER DATABASES BY FOCUSING ON INTERNAL GENE STRUCTURE (SUBGENE RESOLUTION ALGORITHMS). THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN NATURE METHODS AND REVIEWED, CLASSIFIED AND DESCRIBED THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF MORE THAN 20 ALGORITHMS DEVELOPED BY INDEPENDENT RESEARCH GROUPS. HOW RNA SPLICING CAN TRIGGER CANCER. UNTIL RECENTLY, ONLY DNA MUTATIONS WERE THOUGHT TO CAUSE CANCER. ADAM GODZIK, PH.D., HAS PUBLISHED RESEARCH IN CELL REPORTS SHOWING HOW ALTERATIONS IN A PROCESS KNOWN AS ALTERNATIVE RNA SPLICING MAY ALSO TRIGGER THE DISEASE. DISORDERS OF METABOLISM "TOXIC FAT" DIRECTLY LINKED TO HEART DYSFUNCTION. A STUDY BY ROLF BODMER, PH.D., IS THE FIRST TO PROVIDE DIRECT EVIDENCE LINKING THE ACCUMULATION OF A TYPE OF LIPID (FAT) CALLED CERAMIDES TO LIPOTOXIC CARDIOMYOPATHY-A HEART CONDITION THAT OFTEN OCCURS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND OBESITY. THE RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT CERAMIDE LEVELS NEED TO STAY WITHIN A WELL-BALANCED RANGE TO ENSURE ROBUST HEART FUNCTION AND IDENTIFIES SEVERAL NEW POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS THAT COULD PREVENT OR REVERSE THE EFFECTS OF THE CONDITION. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED IN CELL REPORTS. HOW CAN PREBIOTICS HELP YOUR GUT HEALTH? WORDS LIKE MICROBIOME, GUT HEALTH, AND PROBIOTICS ARE NOW PART OF OUR COMMON VOCABULARY. BUT LITTLE HAS BEEN MENTIONED ABOUT "PREBIOTICS". SCOTT PETERSON, PH.D., WORKED WITH UC SAN DIEGO AND THE CHOPRA FOUNDATION TO ASSESS THE PREBIOTIC EFFECTS OF HERBS COMMONLY USED IN AYURVEDIC MEDICINE-A SYSTEM PRACTICED IN INDIA FOR MORE THAN 5,000 YEARS. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE. A NEW APPROACH TO RESTORE INSULIN PRODUCTION IN DIABETES. IF YOU ARE A DIABETIC, THERE IS A STRONG CHANCE YOU ARE EITHER ON INSULIN THERAPY NOW OR WILL BE IN THE FUTURE. THIS HOLDS TRUE FOR TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETICS; BOTH TYPES LEAD TO ELEVATED BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS. FRED LEVINE, M.D., PH.D., HAS ADVANCED EFFORTS TO REGENERATE PANCREATIC BETA CELLS-THE CELLS THAT STORE AND SECRETE INSULIN. THIS RESEARCH, PUBLISHED IN ISLETS, COULD ONE DAY FREE MILLIONS OF PATIENTS FROM DAILY DOSES OF INSULIN. |
| IMMUNITY | VIRAL TRICKS INSPIRE AUTOIMMUNE DRUG DESIGN. VIRUSES HAVE WAYS TO TURN OFF THE HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM TO AVOID BEING ATTACKED. CARL WARE, PH.D., IS LEADING EFFORTS TO MAKE A NEW DRUG TO TREAT AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS USING THE SAME STRATEGIES THAT HERPES VIRUSES USE TO DAMPEN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. MILD FOOD POISONING MAY NOT BE SO HARMLESS. FOOD POISONING MAY BE THE UNWANTED GIFT THAT KEEPS ON GIVING-AT LEAST ACCORDING TO A STUDY BY JAMEY MARTH, PH.D. A PAST HISTORY OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, SUCH AS SALMONELLA FOOD POISONING, CAN ULTIMATELY LEAD TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND LIFE-THREATENING COLITIS. THE RESEARCH, PUBLISHED IN SCIENCE, MAY ALSO IDENTIFY THE LONG-MYSTERIOUS CAUSE OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. NEW INSIGHTS INTO T CELL SURVIVAL. A HEALTHY POOL OF CIRCULATING T CELLS IS ESSENTIAL TO KILL PATHOGENS, MAKE ANTIBODIES, SHUT DOWN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO PREVENT UNCONTROLLED INFLAMMATION AND AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS-AND EVEN FIGHT CANCER. A STUDY BY MAXIMILIANO DANGELO, PH.D., IDENTIFIED A NUCLEAR PORE PROTEIN THAT IS CRITICAL FOR THE SURVIVAL OF CIRCULATING T CELLS, PAVING THE WAY FOR POTENTIAL ADVANCES IN IMMUNOTHERAPY. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED IN NATURE IMMUNOLOGY. HARNESSING NANOPARTICLES TO FIGHT DRUG-RESISTANT INFECTIONS. THE RACE AGAINST TIME TO DEVELOP NEW ANTIBIOTICS IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN EVER. ERKKI RUOSLAHTI, M.D., PH.D., CO-AUTHORED A STUDY PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS THAT DESCRIBES THE FIRST EXAMPLE OF AN EFFECTIVE GENE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO FIGHT LETHAL BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. WILL AN ANTI-MALARIA DRUG WORK FOR ZIKA VIRUS? ALTHOUGH THE ZIKA VIRUS MAY SEEM LIKE LAST YEARS HEALTH CRISIS, IT REMAINS A GLOBAL RISK THAT CAN CAUSE SEVERE FETAL BRAIN DEFECTS. FINDINGS FROM A STUDY LED BY ALEXEY TERSKIKH, PH.D. SUGGEST THAT THE ANTI-MALARIA DRUG CHLOROQUINE MAY BE A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE DRUG TO PREVENT AND TREAT ZIKA INFECTION. THE RESEARCH WAS PUBLISHED IN SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. OFF-THE-SHELF DRUGS COULD HELP MANAGE ZIKA. THE ZIKA VIRUS HAS BEEN RELATIVELY QUIET LATELY, BUT THAT DOESN'T MEAN THE DANGER IS OVER. ZIKA CAN COME BACK AT ANY TIME, CAUSING BIRTH DEFECTS AND OTHER HEALTH ISSUES. ALEXEY TERSKIKH, PH.D., CO-AUTHORED A STUDY SHOWING THAT SOFOSBUVIR, AN ANTIVIRAL DRUG CURRENTLY USED TO TREAT HEPATITIS C, COULD ALSO BE EFFECTIVE AGAINST ZIKA. PLANS ARE UNDERWAY TO TEST SOFOSBUVIR AS PART OF A DRUG COCKTAIL-A COMBINATION OF THREE OR FOUR DRUGS-TO POTENTIALLY HELP STEM FUTURE OUTBREAKS. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED IN NATURE SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. NOVEL GENOME PLATFORM WILL HELP TARGET "UNDRUGGABLE" DISEASE-CAUSING PROTEINS. A NEW TECHNOLOGY TERMED GLOBAL ARRAYED PROTEIN STABILITY ANALYSIS (GASPA) MAY HELP RESEARCHERS SCREEN FOR AND DEVELOP DRUGS THAT ELIMINATE DISEASE-CAUSING PROTEINS THAT ARE CURRENTLY DEEMED "UNDRUGGABLE." THE STUDY WAS LED BY SUMIT CHANDA, PH.D. GASPA MAY DRAMATICALLY EXPAND DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN THE MOST DIFFICULT-TO-TREAT DISEASES, SUCH AS ALZHEIMERS DISEASE, CANCER, AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MORE. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN CELL REPORTS. NEUROSCIENCE BIOMARKER MAY PREDICT EARLY ALZHEIMERS DISEASE. ERKKI RUOSLAHTI, M.D., PH.D., DISCOVERED A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DETECTING ALZHEIMERS DISEASE AT ITS EARLIEST STAGES. HIS RESEARCH TEAM FOUND A BIOLOGICAL MARKER, OR BIOMARKER, THATS ASSOCIATED WITH BRAIN INFLAMMATION-A PRECURSOR TO THE FORMATION OF HALLMARK AMYLOID PLAQUES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE SYMPTOMS. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. HOW SORLA PROTECTS AGAINST ALZHEIMERS DISEASE. HUAXI XU, PH.D., IDENTIFIED A PROTECTIVE FUNCTION FOR A BRAIN PROTEIN GENETICALLY LINKED TO ALZHEIMERS DISEASE. THE PROTEIN, CALLED SORLA, LIMITS THE ABILITY OF AMYLOID BETA, THE TOXIC PROTEIN THAT CAUSES ALZHEIMERS, TO TRIGGER THE DESTRUCTION OF NEURONS. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. MAPPING THE ORIGINS OF ALZHEIMERS, PARKINSONS, SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER BRAIN DISORDERS. BY ANALYZING BRAIN CELLS ONE AT A TIME, RESEARCHERS ARE ABLE TO NARROW DOWN AND RANK THE CELL TYPES THAT CARRY THE MOST GENETIC RISK FOR DEVELOPING BRAIN DISORDERS. JEROLD CHUN, M.D., PH.D., CO-AUTHORED A STUDY ADVANCING THE TECHNOLOGY USED TO MAP THE CELL ORIGINS OF VARIOUS BRAIN DISORDERS, INCLUDING ALZHEIMERS, PARKINSONS, SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY. DISCOVERY MAY ADVANCE STEM CELL TREATMENTS FOR BRAIN DISORDERS. BEING ABLE TO MAINTAIN VIABLE STEM CELLS IN THE BRAIN COULD LEAD TO REGENERATIVE THERAPIES TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS THAT AFFECT COGNITIVE ABILITIES. JING CRYSTAL ZHAO, PH.D., PUBLISHED A STUDY IN NATURE NEUROSCIENCE REVEALING A PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN BUT ESSENTIAL STEP IN REGULATING NEURAL STEM SELF-RENEWAL. THE RESEARCH ALSO OPENS NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR CORRECTING ABNORMAL GENE ACTIVITY IN BRAIN DISORDERS WITH PRECISION. THE BRAINS IMMUNE SYSTEM MAY BE KEY TO NEW ALZHEIMERS TREATMENTS. TWO STUDIES PUBLISHED IN NEURON BY HUAXI XU, PH.D., DESCRIBE HOW TREM2, A RECEPTOR FOUND ON IMMUNE CELLS IN THE BRAIN, INTERACTS WITH TOXIC AMYLOID BETA PROTEINS TO RESTORE NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTION. THE RESEARCH, PERFORMED ON MOUSE MODELS OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE, SUGGESTS BOOSTING TREM2 LEVELS IN THE BRAIN MAY PREVENT OR REDUCE THE SEVERITY OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS INCLUDING ALZHEIMERS DISEASE. CHILDRENS HEALTH RESEARCH TAKES STEPS TOWARDS A PROMISING THERAPY FOR A RARE BONE DISEASE. YU YAMAGUCHI, M.D., PH.D., LED RESEARCH THAT MAY PRODUCE THE FIRST DRUG TO TREAT PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE HEREDITARY EXOSTOSES (MHE), A GENETIC DISORDER THAT CAUSES THE GROWTH OF MULTIPLE BENIGN BONE TUMORS. PATIENTS WITH THE PAINFUL, OFTEN DEBILITATING DISEASE ARE CURRENTLY LIMITED TO SURGERY, PHYSICAL THERAPY AND PAIN MANAGEMENT AS TREATMENTS. THE RESEARCH WAS PUBLISHED IN JCI INSIGHT. UNCOVERING THE CAUSE OF A 12-YEAR-OLD GIRLS RARE NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER. THE PARENTS OF A CHILD WITH SEIZURES, WEAK MUSCLES, LIMITED COMMUNICATION ABILITIES AND AUTISM-LIKE BEHAVIOR RECENTLY GOT A LONG-AWAITED ANSWER AS TO THE CAUSE OF HER DISORDER. HUDSON FREEZE, PH.D., HELPED IDENTIFY THE SOURCE OF HER SYMPTOMS, WHICH TURNED OUT TO STEM FROM IMPROPER FUNCTION OF A PROTEIN IMPORTANT FOR BRAIN DEVELOPMENT. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. NEW CLUES TO TREAT ALAGILLE SYNDROME. DUC DONG, PH.D., SHED NEW LIGHT ON HOW LIVER DUCTS ARE FORMED. THE RESEARCH, PERFORMED IN ZEBRAFISH, IS ESPECIALLY MEANINGFUL FOR PATIENTS WITH ALAGILLE SYNDROME, WHO HAVE FEWER THAN THE NORMAL NUMBER OF LIVER DUCTS, CAUSING JAUNDICE, LIVER DISEASE AND LIVER FAILURE. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. PRECLINICAL STUDY DEMONSTRATES PROMISING TREATMENT FOR RARE BONE DISEASE. YU YAMAGUCHI, M.D., PH.D., LED A STUDY SHOWING THAT THE DRUG PALOVAROTENE SUPPRESSES THE FORMATION OF BONY TUMORS IN MODELS OF MULTIPLE HEREDITARY EXOSTOSES. THE RESEARCH IS A PROMISING STEP TOWARD AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR THE RARE GENETIC CONDITION THAT MOSTLY AFFECTS CHILDREN. THE RESEARCH WAS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH. DIAGNOSING A RARE DISEASE IN CHILDREN. CHILDREN BORN WITH RARE INHERITED CONDITIONS KNOWN AS CONGENITAL DISORDERS OF GLYCOSYLATION, OR CDG, OFTEN LIVE FOR YEARS BEFORE THEY RECEIVE A DIAGNOSIS. THESE DISEASES CAN CAUSE SERIOUS, SOMETIMES FATAL, MALFUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, MUSCLES AND INTESTINES. HUDSON FREEZE, PH.D., LED AN INTERNATIONAL TEAM OF SCIENTISTS AND CLINICIANS WHO DIAGNOSED THREE CHILDREN WITH A PREVIOUSLY UNDIAGNOSED FORM OF CDG AND LINKED THEIR DISEASE TO SPECIFIC GENETIC MUTATIONS. IN ADDITION TO BROADENING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF CGD, THE STUDY ALSO POINTS TO A DIAGNOSTIC TEST THAT COULD BE USED FOR EARLY DETECTION FOR THIS AND OTHER RARE GENETIC DISORDERS. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS. |
| AGING | SCIENTISTS TAKE A DEEPER DIVE INTO CELLULAR TRASH. MALENE HANSEN, PH.D., LED THE FIRST-EVER COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF AUTOPHAGY IN A LIVING ANIMAL DURING AGING. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN ELIFE. WILL FLIES HELP FIX HEART RHYTHM PROBLEMS? KAREN OCORR, PH.D., PUBLISHED A STUDY IN PLOS GENETICS DESCRIBING HOW DROSOPHILA HEARTS MAY BECOME AN EASY, ACCURATE TOOL TO SCREEN FOR NEW DRUGS TO TREAT ARRHYTHMIAS. WHERE DO HEART CELLS COME FROM? A STUDY BY ALEX COLAS, PH.D., IDENTIFIED FOUR GENES THAT PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN HEART DEVELOPMENT. THE GENES, CALLED "ID" GENES, DIRECT STEM CELLS TO BECOME HEART CELLS. THE RESEARCH WILL ENABLE SCIENTISTS TO GENERATE UNLIMITED AMOUNTS OF CELLS FOR CARDIAC DISEASE MODELING AND DRUG DISCOVERY. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL GENES & DEVELOPMENT. THE SLOW, SILENT PROCESS OF "INFLAMMAGING" MIGHT KILL YOU. IN AGING CELLS THAT STOP GROWING AND DIVIDING, BITS OF DNA NORMALLY CONFINED TO THE CELL NUCLEUS LEAK OUT INTO THE CYTOPLASM. PETER ADAMS, PH.D., PUBLISHED A STUDY ON HOW THIS CAN LEAD TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND AGE-RELATED DISEASES SUCH AS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, LIVER DISEASE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, MUSCLE WASTING AND CANCER. THE RESEARCH WAS PUBLISHED IN NATURE. NEW AVENUE TO PURSUE TREATMENT FOR SECONDARY HYPERTENSION. ABOUT 10 PERCENT OF PEOPLE WITH HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE HAVE SECONDARY HYPERTENSION, A CONDITION MOST COMMONLY CAUSED BY HYPERALDOSTERONISM, IN WHICH THE ADRENAL GLANDS PRODUCE TOO MUCH OF THE HORMONE ALDOSTERONE. ZEEV RONAI, PH.D., LED A STUDY THAT PROVIDES INSIGHTS INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADRENAL GLANDS AND THE PRODUCTION OF ALDOSTERONE, POINTING TO POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR HYPERALDOSTERONISM. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED IN JCI INSIGHT. HOW YOUR MUSCLE STEM CELLS COPE WITH INJURY AND AGING. ADULT MUSCLE STEM CELLS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR REPAIRING AND REGENERATING MUSCLE THROUGHOUT LIFE. RESEARCH FROM ALESSANDRA SACCO, PH.D., DESCRIBED THE BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BEHIND HOW MUSCLE STEM CELLS RESPOND TO AGING COMPARED TO A SUDDEN INJURY. THE FINDINGS, PUBLISHED IN CELL STEM CELL, HAVE IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE THERAPIES TO HELP SENIORS MAINTAIN MUSCLE MASS AND STRENGTH AND FOR PATIENTS WITH MUSCLE DISEASES SUCH AS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. A KEY TO REGENERATING BLOOD VESSELS. MASANOBU KOMATSU, PH.D., PUBLISHED RESEARCH THAT SHEDS LIGHT ON THE DISTINCT STEPS AND SIGNALS NEEDED TO CREATE NEW BLOOD VESSELS FROM PRE-EXISTING VESSELS. THE STUDY OPENS A RESEARCH APPROACH TO IMPROVING BLOOD FLOW IN ISCHEMIC TISSUE, SUCH AS THAT FOUND IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. FIXING "LEAKY" BLOOD VESSELS TO HALT CANCER. SOMETIMES BLOOD VESSELS CAN BECOME LEAKY, A CONDITION KNOWN AS VASCULAR PERMEABILITY. THIS CAN BE A BIG PROBLEM, PARTICULARLY IN CANCER, ALLOWING TUMOR CELLS TO GET INTO THE BLOODSTREAM AND TRAVEL THROUGHOUT THE BODY. RESEARCHERS IN THE LAB OF MASANOBU KOMATSU, PH.D., MADE RESEARCH ADVANCES TOWARD KEEPING BLOOD VESSELS FROM LEAKING AND LIMIT CANCER FROM SPREADING. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN THE FASEB JOURNAL. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE A MILESTONE FOR LOCAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DRUG DISCOVERY RESEARCH. THE COLLABORATION4CURE (C4C) INITIATIVE REALIZED A RETURN ON INVESTMENT WHEN AN SBP RESEARCH PROJECT WAS RECENTLY AWARDED A THREE-YEAR $1.3M R01 NIH GRANT. C4C FUNDS AND A GENEROUS DONATION FROM STUART AND KAREN TANZ CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROBUST PRELIMINARY DATA TO SUPPORT THE COMPETITIVE GRANT APPLICATION. PARTNERING WITH TAKEDA. A SERVICE AGREEMENT WITH TAKEDAS R&D SITE IN SAN DIEGO HAS QUICKLY ESTABLISHED THE PREBYS CENTER AS A PROVIDER-OF-CHOICE FOR SCREENING PROJECTS. BY THE CLOSE OF FY18, THE CENTER WILL COMPLETE FIVE TAKEDA PROJECTS AND GENERATE ~$1M IN REVENUE. AGREEMENT WITH SANOFI A MATERIAL TRANSFER AGREEMENT WAS EXECUTED WITH SANOFI FOR THE LMPTP-A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT BETWEEN THE PREBYS CENTER AND NUNZIO BOTTINI, PH.D. AT UCSD. THE RESEARCH INVOLVES A SERIES OF ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR WITH POTENTIAL CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASE INDICATIONS. PROGRESS IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE DRUG DISCOVERY. AN INITIAL CLINICAL DRUG CANDIDATE HAS BEEN SELECTED BY NICHOLAS COSFORD, PH.D., AND A RESEARCH TEAM THAT SEEKS TO DEVELOP A DRUG FOR THE TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE. THE PROJECT, FUNDED BY A $10.8M U01 GRANT FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE (NIDA), WAS INITIATED ON SEPTEMBER 1, 2017. THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF THE PROJECT IS TO DELIVER A CLINICAL CANDIDATE TO TREAT DEPENDENCE ON NICOTINE AND OTHER ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES BY Q2, 2020. COLLABORATIVE CANCER RESEARCH ON THE TORREY PINES MESA. PROCEEDS FROM THE NOVEMBER 2017 PADRES PEDAL THE CAUSE (PTC) CYCLING EVENT WILL BE AWARDED IN JUNE 2018 TO SAN DIEGO NCI CANCER CENTERS AND PEER RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS TO STIMULATE COLLABORATION AND INNOVATIVE TRANSLATIONAL CANCER RESEARCH. SBP CANCER RESEARCHERS SUBMITTED 10 APPLICATIONS. LAST YEAR, SBP RESEARCHERS RECEIVED $304,798 FROM PTC GRANTS. CLINICAL PARTNERSHIPS. ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI (ISMMS) AND SBP SIGNED A MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING TO ENTER INTO A DRUG DISCOVERY COLLABORATION TO LEVERAGE ISMMS BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH CAPABILITIES WITH TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH EXPERTISE AT SBP TO DRIVE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES TO THE CLINIC. IN ADDITION, THE WANEK FOUNDATION AT MAYO CLINIC IN ROCHESTER (MN) AND THE BODMER, OCORR AND COLAS LABS ESTABLISHED A MULTI-MILLION-DOLLAR PARTNERSHIP TO EXAMINE CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE GENE CANDIDATES. THE STUDY WILL INCLUDE WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING OF 120 PATIENTS WITH HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME, WITH THE AIM OF ELUCIDATING THE GENETIC CAUSES UNDERLYING THIS DISEASE. ELUCIDATION OF NOVEL PANDEMIC INFLUENZA THERAPEUTICS. IN AN AGREEMENT WITH CIDARA THERAPEUTICS EXECUTED IN JANUARY 2017, THE CHANDA LAB WILL COMMENCE IN VITRO VALIDATION STUDIES THIS QUARTER TO INVESTIGATE THE ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES OF THREE SMALL MOLECULES DESIGNED AND PROVIDED BY CIDARA TO TARGET INFLUENZA VIRUS. THIS WORK COULD LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL ANTIVIRAL DRUGS TO PREVENT, MITIGATE AND TREAT INFECTIONS BY INFLUENZA TYPE A AND B VIRUSES. ENGINEERING DRUGS TURNING ON IMMUNE CHECKPOINTS. JOHN SEDY, PH.D., AND CARL WARE, PH.D., SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOPED A PROTOTYPE BIOLOGIC THAT CAN TONE DOWN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM FOR POTENTIAL USE IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. THE DRUG IS CREATED FROM THE CHICK-POINT REGULATOR KNOW AS HERPESVIRUS ENTRY MEDIATOR (HVEM). NCI CHEMICAL BIOLOGY CONSORTIUM AWARDS TWO CANCER THERAPEUTICS PROJECTS. THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTES CHEMICAL BIOLOGY CONSORTIUM (CBC) SEEKS TO ADVANCE CLINICAL PRACTICE AND BRING IMPROVED THERAPIES TO PATIENTS WITH CANCER BY SUPPORTING THE MOST PROMISING NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. THE CONSORTIUM HAS BEEN TASKED TO WORK ON BOTH OF THESE PROJECTS FROM FACULTY LABS AT SBP. THE PREBYS CENTER WORKS ON BOTH OF THESE PROJECTS WITH THE GOAL OF IDENTIFYING AND VALIDATING CHEMICAL HITS PRIOR TO MOVING INTO MORE ADVANCED STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERY. - LUTZ TAUTZ, PH.D., AND NICK COSFORD, PH.D., RECEIVED AN AWARD FOR DRUG DISCOVERY EFFORTS LOOKING TO INHIBIT SHP2, A TARGET IMPLICATED IN A NUMBER OF CANCERS, MOST NOTABLY LEUKEMIAS, AND HER2-POSITIVE AND TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCERS. - JORGE MOSCAT, PH.D., AND MARIA DIAZ-MECO, PH.D., HAVE A PROJECT THAT TARGETS PHGDH, A PROTEIN INVOLVED IN CANCER METABOLISM, THAT WAS SELECTED TO ENTER THE CBC PORTFOLIO, ATTRACTING AN AWARD OF $1.65M FOR THE INITIAL PHASES OF DRUG DISCOVERY, WHICH INCLUDED BOTH HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING, MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN. COLORECTAL CANCER. THE COMPOUND TX803, IDENTIFIED BY THE RESEARCH OF XIAO-KUN ZHANG, PH.D., ENTERED A PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL FOR ADVANCED COLORECTAL CANCER IN PARTNERSHIP WITH TARREX BIOPHARMA. CANCER DRUG DELIVERY. ERKKI RUOSLAHTI, PH.D., PARTNERED THE PRECLINICAL PHASE OF ENDURX AND DRUGCENDR; A NANOPARTICLE-BASED DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY THAT CAN DELIVER A CANCER DRUG TO A TUMOR AND THROUGHOUT ITS TISSUE. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 11B | PROCESS USED BY MANAGEMENT AND/OR GOVERNING BODY TO REVIEW FORM 990 THE 990 IS PREPARED BY THE FINANCE DEPARTMENT. IT IS REVIEWED BY THE INSTITUTE'S TAX ADVISORS, SELECTED MEMBERS OF MANAGEMENT INCLUDING THE CFO AND AUDIT COMMITTEE AND PROVIDED TO MEMBERS OF THE BOARD PRIOR TO FILING. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 12C | DESCR OF PROCESS TO MONITOR TRANSACTIONS FOR CONFLICT OF INTEREST CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS ARE GIVEN TO MANAGEMENT STAFF AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS ON A PERIODIC BASIS TO REPORT ON CONFLICTS OR LACK OF CONFLICTS. THE STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED ANNUALLY BY THE SENIOR DIRECTOR, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE SENIOR DIRECTOR, SPONSORED RESEARCH, WITH A SUMMARY OF THE REVIEW PROVIDED TO THE CFO. AN ASSESSMENT IS MADE AS TO WHETHER A CONFLICT CAN BE MANAGED BY THE EXISTING DEPARTMENTS AND PRACTICES. CONFLICTS ARE BROUGHT TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES ON AN AS NEEDED BASIS. CONFLICTS AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS THAT INVOLVE THE CEO OR THE PRESIDENT ARE BROUGHT TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES TO ADDRESS ANY ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL POSSIBILITY THAT THE DESIGNATED REVIEWERS (I.E., SENIOR DIRECTOR, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE SENIOR DIRECTOR, SPONSORED RESEARCH, AND THE CFO) COULD BE PRESSURED TO MAKE BIASED DECISIONS IN MANAGING CONFLICTS INVOLVING THE CEO OR PRESIDENT. AS TO RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED: THE INSTITUTE WILL EMPLOY THE MECHANISM THAT IS THE BEST FIT WITH THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF ANY IDENTIFIED CONFLICT OF INTEREST. METHODS TO MANAGE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS/ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM: REVIEWING MANAGEMENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MANAGING, REDUCING, OR ELIMINATING REAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. EXAMPLES OF CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS THAT MIGHT BE IMPOSED TO MANAGE, REDUCE, OR ELIMINATE CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS INCLUDE: -PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTERESTS -MONITORING OF RESEARCH BY INDEPENDENT REVIEWERS -MODIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH PLAN -DISQUALIFICATION FROM PARTICIPATION IN THE PORTION OF FUNDED RESEARCH THAT COULD BE AFFECTED BY SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTEREST -DIVESTITURE OF SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTERESTS -SEVERANCE OF RELATIONSHIPS THAT CREATE ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS -REVIEW OF COMMERCIAL SPONSORED RESEARCH AGREEMENTS FOR SCIENTIFIC MERIT BY THE PROGRAM PLANNING COMMITTEE -REMOVAL OF AN AFFECTED PARTY FROM NEGOTIATION WITH A COMPANY WITH WHICH HE/SHE HAS SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTEREST. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 15A & 15B | PROCESS FOR DETERMINING COMPENSATION COMPENSATION FOR THE CEO, THE PRESIDENT, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, AND OTHER KEY EMPLOYEES IS ESTABLISHED ACCORDING TO INSTITUTE POLICIES WHICH ARE DESIGNED TO MEET THE IRS STANDARD FOR "REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION OF REASONABLENESS". THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, CONSISTING OF FOUR INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES, REVIEWS COMPARABILITY DATA PROVIDED BY AN INDEPENDENT EXTERNAL CONSULTANT THAT INCORPORATES AND EVALUATES INSTITUTE DATA AND THAT OF COMPARABLE ORGANIZATIONS AND MARKETS FROM WHICH THE INSTITUTE DRAWS ITS EXECUTIVE TALENT. UTILIZING THIS INFORMATION, THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE, WHICH TYPICALLY SEEKS TO ESTABLISH COMPENSATION BETWEEN THE 50TH AND THE 75TH PERCENTILE OF THE COMPARABILITY DATA, MAKES A DETERMINATION WHETHER THE PROPOSED COMPENSATION IS REASONABLE. THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE HAS BEEN DELEGATED AUTHORITY BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES TO REVIEW AND APPROVE COMPENSATION OF ALL POSITIONS EXCEPT FOR THE CEO. THE CEOS COMPENSATION PACKAGE IS REVIEWED AND APPROVED INITIALLY BY THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE AND THEN GOES TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR FINAL APPROVAL. THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE CONTEMPORANEOUSLY AND ADEQUATELY DOCUMENTS THE BASIS FOR ITS DETERMINATION AND RECOMMENDATION TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. IF APPROVED BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, THE CEO COMPENSATION PACKAGE IS THEN IMPLEMENTED AND SUCH DOCUMENTATION IS KEPT IN THE WRITTEN AND ELECTRONIC RECORDS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. THE PROCESS WAS LAST COMPLETED ON JUNE 6, 2018 FOR THE FOLLOWING POSITIONS: 1) PRESIDENT 2) CFO 3) VP BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 4) VP PHILANTHROPY 5) SVP DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT 6) CANCER CENTER DIRECTOR/PROFESSOR 7) INFECTIOUS & INFLAMMATORY DISEASE CENTER DIRECTOR/PROFESSOR |
| FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 19 | PROCESS FOR MAKING DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. |
| FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9 | OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS OR FUND BALANCES RETURN OF STATE OF FLORIDA CONTRIBUTION RECEIVED IN PRIOR YEARS - ($10,888,000) |
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