TY 2018 Form 990

(A) Name and Title	(B) Average hours per week (list any hours for related organizations below dotted line)	(C) Position (do not check more than one box, unless person is both an officer and a director/trustee)	(E) Reportable compensation from related organizations (W- 2/1099-MISC)	(F) Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
(1) SCOTT RODGVILLE CPA...................................................................... CHAIR	5.00 .................	X	X		0	0
(2) DIANE I MARCELLO...................................................................... VICE CHAIR	3.00 .................	X	X		0	0
(3) NICHOLAS W RAYMOND...................................................................... TREASURER	20.00 .................	X	X		0	0
(4) JUDITH F LEE...................................................................... SECRETARY	4.00 .................	X	X		0	0
(5) CECILIA ARRADAZA...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.00 .................	X			0	0
(6) MICHAEL H BARNETT ESQ...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(7) MADDY DYCHTWALD...................................................................... DIRECTOR	1.00 .................	X			0	0
(8) GRACE FRISONE...................................................................... DIRECTOR	6.00 .................	X			0	0
(9) JUNE KINOSHITA...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(10) HENRY J POWNALL PHD...................................................................... DIRECTOR	1.00 .................	X			0	0
(11) BRIAN K REGAN PHD...................................................................... DIRECTOR	4.00 .................	X			0	0
(12) ELTJO ED R SCHOONVELD...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(13) PATRICIA M STEWART...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(14) JAN M STOUFFER PHD...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(15) ETHAN TREESE...................................................................... DIRECTOR	3.00 .................	X			0	0
(16) STACY PAGOS HALLER...................................................................... PRESIDENT/CEO	55.00 .................		X		409,204	81,085
(17) NANCY LYNN...................................................................... SR. VP STRATEGIC PARTNERSH	45.00 .................			X	234,328	38,210

(A) Name and business address	(B) Description of services	(C) Compensation
RKD GROUP 35 PARKWOOD DRIVE SUITE 160 HOPKINTON,MA01748	PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSUL. & MATERIALS	7,489,407
BEACONFIRE REDENGINE 2300 CLARENDON BLVD SUITE 925 ARLINGTON,VA22201	ONLINE PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSULTING	473,180
DATA MANAGEMENT INC 160 STONE STREET STONEVILLE,NC27048	DATABASE MANAGEMENT	203,649
MARCUM LLP 1899 L STREET SUITE 850 NW WASHINGTON,DC20036	ACCOUNTING & HUMAN RESOURCES	183,238
CK & D 7421 BEVERLY BOULEVARD SUITE 11 LOS ANGELES,CA90036	PROGRAM OUTREACH CONSULTING	172,641
2 Total number of independent contractors (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization 10

- TIN:

SCHEDULE A
(Form 990 or 990EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Public Charity Status and Public Support

Complete if the organization is a section 501(c)(3) organization or a section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust.
right arrow

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
right arrow

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Reason for Public Charity Status (All organizations must complete this part.) See instructions.

The organization is not a private foundation because it is: (For lines 1 through 12, check only one box.)

A church, convention of churches, or association of churches described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(i).

A school described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii). (Attach Schedule E (Form 990 or 990-EZ).)

A hospital or a cooperative hospital service organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iii).

A medical research organization operated in conjunction with a hospital described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iii). Enter the hospital's name, city, and state:

An organization operated for the benefit of a college or university owned or operated by a governmental unit described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iv). (Complete Part II.)

A federal, state, or local government or governmental unit described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(v).

An organization that normally receives a substantial part of its support from a governmental unit or from the general public described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi). (Complete Part II.)

A community trust described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi). (Complete Part II.)

An agricultural research organization described in 170(b)(1)(A)(ix) operated in conjunction with a land-grant college or university or a non-land grant college of agriculture. See instructions. Enter the name, city, and state of the college or university:

An organization that normally receives: (1) more than 331/3% of its support from contributions, membership fees, and gross receipts from activities related to its exempt functions—subject to certain exceptions, and (2) no more than 331/3% of its support from gross investment income and unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 tax) from businesses acquired by the organization after June 30, 1975. See section 509(a)(2). (Complete Part III.)

An organization organized and operated exclusively to test for public safety. See section 509(a)(4).

An organization organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of, to perform the functions of, or to carry out the purposes of one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or section 509(a)(2). See section 509(a)(3). Check the box in lines 12a through 12d that describes the type of supporting organization and complete lines 12e, 12f, and 12g.

Type I. A supporting organization operated, supervised, or controlled by its supported organization(s), typically by giving the supported organization(s) the power to regularly appoint or elect a majority of the directors or trustees of the supporting organization. You must complete Part IV, Sections A and B.

Type II. A supporting organization supervised or controlled in connection with its supported organization(s), by having control or management of the supporting organization vested in the same persons that control or manage the supported organization(s). You must complete Part IV, Sections A and C.

Type III functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection with, and functionally integrated with, its supported organization(s) (see instructions). You must complete Part IV, Sections A, D, and E.

Type III non-functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection with its supported organization(s) that is not functionally integrated. The organization generally must satisfy a distribution requirement and an attentiveness requirement (see instructions). You must complete Part IV, Sections A and D, and Part V.

Check this box if the organization received a written determination from the IRS that it is a Type I, Type II, Type III functionally integrated, or Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organization.

Enter the number of supported organizations ...............................

Provide the following information about the supported organization(s).

(i) Name of supported organization	(ii) EIN	(iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document?		(v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions)	(vi) Amount of other support (see instructions)
(i) Name of supported organization	(ii) EIN	Yes	No	(v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions)	(vi) Amount of other support (see instructions)


Total

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for
Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 11285F

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 2

Part II

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Sections 170(b)(1)(A)(iv), 170(b)(1)(A)(vi), and 170(b)(1)(A)(ix)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 5, 7, 8, or 9 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part III. If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part III.)

Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2014	(b) 2015	(c) 2016	(d) 2017	(e) 2018	(f) Total
1	Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grant.") ..	27,946,621	29,220,730	30,692,507	32,362,197	39,635,190	159,857,245
2	Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf....
3	The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..
4	Total. Add lines 1 through 3	27,946,621	29,220,730	30,692,507	32,362,197	39,635,190	159,857,245
5	The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f)..
6	Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4.						159,857,245

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2014	(b) 2015	(c) 2016	(d) 2017	(e) 2018	(f) Total
7	Amounts from line 4..	27,946,621	29,220,730	30,692,507	32,362,197	39,635,190	159,857,245
8	Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources...	1,633,842	1,578,975	1,622,675	1,641,767	1,925,519	8,402,778
9	Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on..
10	Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.)..
11	Total support. Add lines 7 through 10						168,260,023

Gross receipts from related activities, etc. (see instructions) ..................

97,400

First five years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization, check this box and stop here........................................ right arrow

Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

Public support percentage for 2018 (line 6, column (f) divided by line 11, column (f)) .........

95.010 %

Public support percentage for 2017 Schedule A, Part II, line 14 ...............

94.770 %

16a

33 1/3% support test—2018. If the organization did not check the box on line 13, and line 14 is 33 1/3% or more, check this box
and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ....................... right arrow

33 1/3% support test—2017. If the organization did not check a box on line 13 or 16a, and line 15 is 33 1/3% or more, check this
box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ..................... right arrow

17a

10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2018. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, or 16b, and line 14
is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here. Explain
in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported
organization ..................................................... right arrow

10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2017. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, or 17a, and line
15 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here.
Explain in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly
supported organization ................................................ right arrow

Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, 17a, or 17b, check this box and see
instructions ..................................................... right arrow

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 3

Part III

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Section 509(a)(2)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 10 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part II. If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part II.)

Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2014	(b) 2015	(c) 2016	(d) 2017	(e) 2018	(f) Total
1	Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") .
2	Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose
3	Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513 .....
4	Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf...
5	The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge
6	Total. Add lines 1 through 5
7a	Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons
b	Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year.
c	Add lines 7a and 7b..
8	Public support. (Subtract line 7c from line 6.)

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2014	(b) 2015	(c) 2016	(d) 2017	(e) 2018	(f) Total
9	Amounts from line 6...
10a	Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources..
b	Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975.
c	Add lines 10a and 10b.
11	Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.
12	Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) ..
13	Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.)..

First five years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization,
check this box and stop here............................................. right arrow

Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

Public support percentage for 2018 (line 8, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f)) .........

Public support percentage from 2017 Schedule A, Part III, line 15 ...............

Section D. Computation of Investment Income Percentage

Investment income percentage for 2018 (line 10c, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f)) ......

Investment income percentage from 2017 Schedule A, Part III, line 17 .............

19a

331/3% support tests—2018. If the organization did not check the box on line 14, and line 15 is more than 33 1/3%, and line 17 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ....... right arrow

33 1/3% support tests—2017. If the organization did not check a box on line 14 or line 19a, and line 16 is more than 33 1/3% and line 18 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization .... right arrow

Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 14, 19a, or 19b, check this box and see instructions .... right arrow

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 4

Part IV

Supporting Organizations

(Complete only if you checked a box on line 12 of Part I. If you checked 12a of Part I, complete Sections A and B. If you checked 12b of Part I, complete Sections A and C. If you checked 12c of Part I, complete Sections A, D, and E. If you checked 12d of Part I, complete Sections A and D, and complete Part V.)

Section A. All Supporting Organizations

Yes

Are all of the organization’s supported organizations listed by name in the organization’s governing documents?
If "No," describe in Part VI how the supported organizations are designated. If designated by class or purpose,
describe the designation. If historic and continuing relationship, explain.

Did the organization have any supported organization that does not have an IRS determination of status under section 509(a)(1) or (2)? If "Yes," explain in Part VI how the organization determined that the supported organization was described in section 509(a)(1) or (2).

Did the organization have a supported organization described in section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6)? If "Yes," answer (b) and (c) below.

Did the organization confirm that each supported organization qualified under section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) and satisfied the public support tests under section 509(a)(2)? If "Yes," describe in Part VI when and how the organization made the determination.

Did the organization ensure that all support to such organizations was used exclusively for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes? If "Yes," explain in Part VI what controls the organization put in place to ensure such use.

Was any supported organization not organized in the United States ("foreign supported organization")? If “Yes” and if you checked 12a or 12b in Part I, answer (b) and (c) below.

Did the organization have ultimate control and discretion in deciding whether to make grants to the foreign supported organization? If “Yes,” describe in Part VI how the organization had such control and discretion despite being controlled or supervised by or in connection with its supported organizations.

Did the organization support any foreign supported organization that does not have an IRS determination under sections 501(c)(3) and 509(a)(1) or (2)? If “Yes,” explain in Part VI what controls the organization used to ensure that all support to the foreign supported organization was used exclusively for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes.

Did the organization add, substitute, or remove any supported organizations during the tax year? If “Yes,” answer (b) and (c) below (if applicable). Also, provide detail in Part VI, including (i) the names and EIN numbers of the supported organizations added, substituted, or removed; (ii) the reasons for each such action; (iii) the authority under the organization's organizing document authorizing such action; and (iv) how the action was accomplished (such as by amendment to the organizing document).

Type I or Type II only. Was any added or substituted supported organization part of a class already designated in the organization's organizing document?

Substitutions only. Was the substitution the result of an event beyond the organization's control?

Did the organization provide support (whether in the form of grants or the provision of services or facilities) to anyone other than (i) its supported organizations, (ii) individuals that are part of the charitable class benefited by one or more of its supported organizations, or (iii) other supporting organizations that also support or benefit one or more of the filing organization’s supported organizations? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did the organization provide a grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment to a substantial contributor (defined in section 4958(c)(3)(C)), a family member of a substantial contributor, or a 35% controlled entity with regard to a substantial contributor? If “Yes,” complete Part I of Schedule L (Form 990 or 990-EZ) .

Did the organization make a loan to a disqualified person (as defined in section 4958) not described in line 7? If “Yes,” complete Part I of Schedule L (Form 990 or 990-EZ).

Was the organization controlled directly or indirectly at any time during the tax year by one or more disqualified persons as defined in section 4946 (other than foundation managers and organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or (2))? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did one or more disqualified persons (as defined in line 9a) hold a controlling interest in any entity in which the supporting organization had an interest? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did a disqualified person (as defined in line 9a) have an ownership interest in, or derive any personal benefit from, assets in which the supporting organization also had an interest? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

10a

Was the organization subject to the excess business holdings rules of section 4943 because of section 4943(f) (regarding certain Type II supporting organizations, and all Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organizations)? If “Yes,” answer line 10b below.

10a

Did the organization have any excess business holdings in the tax year? (Use Schedule C, Form 4720, to determine whether the organization had excess business holdings).

10b

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 5

Part IV

Supporting Organizations (continued)

Yes

Has the organization accepted a gift or contribution from any of the following persons?

A person who directly or indirectly controls, either alone or together with persons described in (b) and (c) below, the governing body of a supported organization?

11a

A family member of a person described in (a) above?

11b

A 35% controlled entity of a person described in (a) or (b) above? If “Yes” to a, b, or c, provide detail in Part VI.

11c

Section B. Type I Supporting Organizations

Yes

Did the directors, trustees, or membership of one or more supported organizations have the power to regularly appoint or elect at least a majority of the organization’s directors or trustees at all times during the tax year? If “No,” describe in Part VI how the supported organization(s) effectively operated, supervised, or controlled the organization’s activities. If the organization had more than one supported organization, describe how the powers to appoint and/or remove directors or trustees were allocated among the supported organizations and what conditions or restrictions, if any, applied to such powers during the tax year.

Did the organization operate for the benefit of any supported organization other than the supported organization(s) that operated, supervised, or controlled the supporting organization? If “Yes,” explain in Part VI how providing such benefit carried out the purposes of the supported organization(s) that operated, supervised or controlled the supporting organization.

Section C. Type II Supporting Organizations

Yes

Were a majority of the organization’s directors or trustees during the tax year also a majority of the directors or trustees of each of the organization’s supported organization(s)? If “No,” describe in Part VI how control or management of the supporting organization was vested in the same persons that controlled or managed the supported organization(s).

Section D. All Type III Supporting Organizations

Yes

Did the organization provide to each of its supported organizations, by the last day of the fifth month of the organization’s tax year, (i) a written notice describing the type and amount of support provided during the prior tax year, (ii) a copy of the Form 990 that was most recently filed as of the date of notification, and (iii) copies of the organization’s governing documents in effect on the date of notification, to the extent not previously provided?

Were any of the organization’s officers, directors, or trustees either (i) appointed or elected by the supported organization(s) or (ii) serving on the governing body of a supported organization? If "No," explain in Part VI how the organization maintained a close and continuous working relationship with the supported organization(s).

By reason of the relationship described in (2), did the organization’s supported organizations have a significant voice in the organization’s investment policies and in directing the use of the organization’s income or assets at all times during the tax year? If "Yes," describe in Part VI the role the organization’s supported organizations played in this regard.

Section E. Type III Functionally-Integrated Supporting Organizations

Check the box next to the method that the organization used to satisfy the Integral Part Test during the year (see instructions):

The organization satisfied the Activities Test. Complete line 2 below.

The organization is the parent of each of its supported organizations. Complete line 3 below.

The organization supported a governmental entity. Describe in Part VI how you supported a government entity (see instructions)

Activities Test. Answer (a) and (b) below.

Yes

Did substantially all of the organization’s activities during the tax year directly further the exempt purposes of the supported organization(s) to which the organization was responsive? If "Yes," then in Part VI identify those supported organizations and explain how these activities directly furthered their exempt purposes, how the organization was responsive to those supported organizations, and how the organization determined that these activities constituted substantially all of its activities.

Did the activities described in (a) constitute activities that, but for the organization’s involvement, one or more of the organization’s supported organization(s) would have been engaged in? If "Yes," explain in Part VI the reasons for the organization’s position that its supported organization(s) would have engaged in these activities but for the organization’s involvement.

Parent of Supported Organizations. Answer (a) and (b) below.

Did the organization have the power to regularly appoint or elect a majority of the officers, directors, or trustees of each of the supported organizations? Provide details in Part VI.

Did the organization exercise a substantial degree of direction over the policies, programs and activities of each of its supported organizations? If "Yes," describe in Part VI. the role played by the organization in this regard.

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 6

Part V

Type III Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations

Check here if the organization satisfied the Integral Part Test as a qualifying trust on Nov. 20, 1970 (explain in Part VI). See instructions. All other Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organizations must complete Sections A through E.

	Section A - Adjusted Net Income		(A) Prior Year	(B) Current Year (optional)
1	Net short-term capital gain	1
2	Recoveries of prior-year distributions	2
3	Other gross income (see instructions)	3
4	Add lines 1 through 3	4
5	Depreciation and depletion	5
6	Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions)	6
7	Other expenses (see instructions)	7
8	Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4)	8

	Section B - Minimum Asset Amount		(A) Prior Year	(B) Current Year (optional)
1	Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year):	1
a	Average monthly value of securities	1a
b	Average monthly cash balances	1b
c	Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets	1c
d	Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c)	1d
e	Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI):
2	Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets	2
3	Subtract line 2 from line 1d	3
4	Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 1-1/2% of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions).	4
5	Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3)	5
6	Multiply line 5 by .035	6
7	Recoveries of prior-year distributions	7
8	Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6)	8

	Section C - Distributable Amount		Current Year
1	Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A)	1
2	Enter 85% of line 1	2
3	Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A)	3
4	Enter greater of line 2 or line 3	4
5	Income tax imposed in prior year	5
6	Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions)	6

Check here if the current year is the organization's first as a non-functionally-integrated Type III supporting organization (see instructions)

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 7

Part V

Type III Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations (continued)

Section D - Distributions		Current Year
1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes
2 Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity
3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations
4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets
5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required)
6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions
7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6.
8 Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions
9 Distributable amount for 2018 from Section C, line 6
10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount

Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions)		(i) Excess Distributions	(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2018	(iii) Distributable Amount for 2018
1 Distributable amount for 2018 from Section C, line 6
2 Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2018 (reasonable cause required-- explain in Part VI). See instructions.
3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2018:
a From 2013.......
b From 2014.......
c From 2015.......
d From 2016.......
e From 2017.......
fTotal of lines 3a through e
g Applied to underdistributions of prior years
h Applied to 2018 distributable amount
i Carryover from 2013 not applied (see instructions)
j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from 3f.
4Distributions for 2018 from Section D, line 7:
$
a Applied to underdistributions of prior years
b Applied to 2018 distributable amount
c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from 4.
5 Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2018, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions.
6 Remaining underdistributions for 2018. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions.
7 Excess distributions carryover to 2019. Add lines 3j and 4c.
8 Breakdown of line 7:
a Excess from 2014......
b Excess from 2015.....
c Excess from 2016.....
d Excess from 2017.....
e Excess from 2018.....

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) (2018)

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 8

Part VI

Supplemental Information. Provide the explanations required by Part II, line 10; Part II, line 17a or 17b; Part III, line 12; Part IV, Section A, lines 1, 2, 3b, 3c, 4b, 4c, 5a, 6, 9a, 9b, 9c, 11a, 11b, and 11c; Part IV, Section B, lines 1 and 2; Part IV, Section C, line 1; Part IV, Section D, lines 2 and 3; Part IV, Section E, lines 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b; Part V, line 1; Part V, Section B, line 1e; Part V Section D, lines 5, 6, and 8; and Part V, Section E, lines 2, 5, and 6. Also complete this part for any additional information. (See instructions).

Facts And Circumstances Test

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule B
(Form 990, 990-EZ,
or 990-PF)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Schedule of Contributors

Attach to Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Organization type (check one):

Filers of:

Section:

Form 990 or 990-EZ

501(c)( ) (enter number) organization

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust not treated as a private foundation

527 political organization

Form 990-PF

501(c)(3) exempt private foundation

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust treated as a private foundation

501(c)(3) taxable private foundation

Check if your organization is covered by the General Rule or a Special Rule.
Note. Only a section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) organization can check boxes for both the General Rule and a Special Rule. See instructions.

General Rule

For an organization filing Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF that received, during the year, contributions totaling $5,000 or more (in money or other property) from any one contributor. Complete Parts I and II. See instructions for determining a contributor's total contributions.

Special Rules

For an organization described in section 501(c)(3) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that met the 33¹/3% support test of the regulations
under sections 509(a)(1) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi), that checked Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ), Part II, line 13, 16a, or 16b, and that received from any one contributor, during the year, total contributions of the greater of (1) $5,000 or (2) 2% of the amount on (i) Form 990, Part VIII, line 1h, or (ii) Form 990-EZ, line 1. Complete Parts I and II.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, total contributions of more than $1,000 exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals. Complete Parts I, II, and III.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, contributions exclusively for religious, charitable, etc., purposes, but no such contributions totaled more than $1,000. If this box is checked, enter here the total contributions that were received during the year for an exclusively religious, charitable, etc., purpose. Don't complete any of the parts unless the General Rule applies to this organization because it received nonexclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions totaling $5,000 or more during the year ......... Arrow Bullet

Caution. An organization that isn't covered by the General Rule and/or the Special Rules doesn't file Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF), but it must answer “No” on Part IV, line 2, of its Form 990; or check the box on line H of its
Form 990-EZ or on its Form 990PF, Part I, line 2, to certify that it doesn't meet the filing requirements of Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF).

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions
for Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Cat. No. 30613XSchedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2018)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2018) Page 2

Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Part I	Contributors (See instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part I if additional space is needed.
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2018)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2018)

Page 3

Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION		Employer identification number 23-7337229

Part II	Noncash Property (See instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part II if additional space is needed.
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2018)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2018)

Page 4


Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION			Employer identification number 23-7337229
Part III Exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions to organizations described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) that total more than $1,000 for the year from any one contributor. Complete columns (a) through (e) and the following line entry. For organizations completing Part III, enter the total of exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions of $1,000 or less for the year. (Enter this information once. See instructions.) $ Use duplicate copies of Part III if additional space is needed.

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2018)

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE C
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Political Campaign and Lobbying Activities

For Organizations Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501(c) and section 527

SchCMd Bullet

Complete if the organization is described below. SchCMd Bullet

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
SchCMd Bullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Open to Public
Inspection

If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 3, or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 46 (Political Campaign Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and B. Do not complete Part I-C.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c) (other than section 501(c)(3)) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and C below. Do not complete Part I-B.
Round Bullet

Section 527 organizations: Complete Part I-A only.
If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 4, or Form 990-EZ, Part VI, line 47 (Lobbying Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-A. Do not complete Part II-B.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-B. Do not complete Part II-A.
If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 5 (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions) or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 35c (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) organizations: Complete Part III.

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c) or is a section 527 organization.

Provide a description of the organization’s direct and indirect political campaign activities in Part IV (see instructions for definition of “political campaign activities")

Political campaign activity expenditures (see instructions) .................................................................... SchCMd Bullet

Volunteer hours for political campaign activities (see instructions) ..................................................................

Part I-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by the organization under section 4955 ................................ SchCMd Bullet

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by organization managers under section 4955 ....................... SchCMd Bullet

If the organization incurred a section 4955 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? .........................................

Yes No

Was a correction made? ......................................................................................................................

Yes No

If "Yes," describe in Part IV.

Part I-C

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c), except section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount directly expended by the filing organization for section 527 exempt function activities ..... SchCMd Bullet

Enter the amount of the filing organization's funds contributed to other organizations for section 527 exempt function activities ............................................................................................................................ SchCMd Bullet

Total exempt function expenditures. Add lines 1 and 2. Enter here and on Form 1120-POL, line 17b........... SchCMd Bullet

Did the filing organization file Form 1120-POL for this year? ...................................................................

Yes No

Enter the names, addresses and employer identification number (EIN) of all section 527 political organizations to which the filing
organization made payments. For each organization listed, enter the amount paid from the filing organization’s funds. Also enter the amount of political contributions received that were promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization, such as a separate segregated fund or a political action committee (PAC). If additional space is needed, provide information in Part IV.

(a) Name	(b) Address	(c) EIN	(d) Amount paid from filing organization's funds. If none, enter -0-.	(e) Amount of political contributions received and promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization. If none, enter -0-.
1
2
3
4
5
6

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 50084S

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 2

Part II-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

A Check SchCMd Bullet

if the filing organization belongs to an affiliated group (and list in Part IV each affiliated group member's name, address, EIN, expenses, and share of excess lobbying expenditures).
B Check SchCMd Bullet

if the filing organization checked box A and "limited control" provisions apply.

Limits on Lobbying Expenditures (The term "expenditures" means amounts paid or incurred.)		(a) Filing organization's totals	(b) Affiliated group totals
1a	Total lobbying expenditures to influence public opinion (grass roots lobbying) ......................
b	Total lobbying expenditures to influence a legislative body (direct lobbying) ...............................
c	Total lobbying expenditures (add lines 1a and 1b) ...................................................................
d	Other exempt purpose expenditures ........................................................................	39,395,014
e	Total exempt purpose expenditures (add lines 1c and 1d) ...............................................	39,395,014
f	Lobbying nontaxable amount. Enter the amount from the following table in both columns.	1,000,000
	If the amount on line 1e, column (a) or (b) is:The lobbying nontaxable amount is:
	Not over $500,00020% of the amount on line 1e.
	Over $500,000 but not over $1,000,000$100,000 plus 15% of the excess over $500,000.
	Over $1,000,000 but not over $1,500,000$175,000 plus 10% of the excess over $1,000,000.
	Over $1,500,000 but not over $17,000,000$225,000 plus 5% of the excess over $1,500,000.
	Over $17,000,000$1,000,000.

g	Grassroots nontaxable amount (enter 25% of line 1f) .................................................	250,000
h	Subtract line 1g from line 1a. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................................................	0
i	Subtract line 1f from line 1c. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................................................	0
j	If there is an amount other than zero on either line 1h or line 1i, did the organization file Form 4720 reporting section 4911 tax for this year? ...................................................................................................................		Yes No

4-Year Averaging Period Under section 501(h) (Some organizations that made a section 501(h) election do not have to complete all of the five columns below. See the separate instructions for lines 2a through 2f.)
Lobbying Expenditures During 4-Year Averaging Period
	Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)	(a) 2015	(b) 2016	(c) 2017	(d) 2018	(e) Total

2a	Lobbying nontaxable amount	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000	4,000,000

b	Lobbying ceiling amount (150% of line 2a, column(e))					6,000,000

c	Total lobbying expenditures

d	Grassroots nontaxable amount	250,000	250,000	250,000	250,000	1,000,000

e	Grassroots ceiling amount (150% of line 2d, column (e))					1,500,000

f	Grassroots lobbying expenditures

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 3

Part II-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and has NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

For each "Yes" response on lines 1a through 1i below, provide in Part IV a detailed description of the lobbying activity.

(a)

Yes

(b)

Amount

During the year, did the filing organization attempt to influence foreign, national, state or local legislation, including any attempt to influence public opinion on a legislative matter or referendum, through the use of:

Volunteers? ...........................................................................................................

Paid staff or management (include compensation in expenses reported on lines 1c through 1i)? ........

Media advertisements? ...................................................................................................

Mailings to members, legislators, or the public? .............................................................................

Publications, or published or broadcast statements? ...........................................................

Grants to other organizations for lobbying purposes? ..........................................................

Direct contact with legislators, their staffs, government officials, or a legislative body? .......................

Rallies, demonstrations, seminars, conventions, speeches, lectures, or any similar means? ..................

Other activities? ...................................................................................................................

Total. Add lines 1c through 1i ....................................................................................................

Did the activities in line 1 cause the organization to be not described in section 501(c)(3)? .....

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred under section 4912 ...........................................

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred by organization managers under section 4912 ...................

If the filing organization incurred a section 4912 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? ........................

Part III-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6).

Yes

Were substantially all (90% or more) dues received nondeductible by members? ...............................................

Did the organization make only in-house lobbying expenditures of $2,000 or less? ............................................

Did the organization agree to carry over lobbying and political expenditures from the prior year? .................................

Part III-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6) and if either (a) BOTH Part III-A, lines 1 and 2, are answered "No" OR (b) Part III-A, line 3, is answered “Yes."

Dues, assessments and similar amounts from members ......................................................................

Section 162(e) nondeductible lobbying and political expenditures (do not include amounts of political expenses for which the section 527(f) tax was paid).

Current year .............................................................................................................................

Carryover from last year ............................................................................................................

Total ...........................................................................................................................................

Aggregate amount reported in section 6033(e)(1)(A) notices of nondeductible section 162(e) dues .

If notices were sent and the amount on line 2c exceeds the amount on line 3, what portion of the excess does the organization agree to carryover to the reasonable estimate of nondeductible lobbying and political expenditure next year? ......................................................................................................................

Taxable amount of lobbying and political expenditures (see instructions) .........................................

Part IV

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part l-A, line 1; Part l-B, line 4; Part l-C, line 5; Part II-A (affiliated group list); Part II-A, lines 1 and 2 (see instructions), and Part ll-B, line 1. Also, complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990EZ) 2018

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE D
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Financial Statements

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," on Form 990,
Part IV, line 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 12a, or 12b.
SchDMd Bullet

Attach to Form 990.
SchDMd Bullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Organizations Maintaining Donor Advised Funds or Other Similar Funds or Accounts. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 6.

		(a) Donor advised funds	(b) Funds and other accounts
1	Total number at end of year .........
2	Aggregate value of contributions to (during year)
3	Aggregate value of grants from (during year)
4	Aggregate value at end of year ........

Did the organization inform all donors and donor advisors in writing that the assets held in donor advised funds are the organization’s property, subject to the organization’s exclusive legal control? ............

Yes No

Did the organization inform all grantees, donors, and donor advisors in writing that grant funds can be used only for charitable purposes and not for the benefit of the donor or donor advisor, or for any other purpose conferring impermissible private benefit? ...................................

Yes No

Part II

Conservation Easements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 7.

Purpose(s) of conservation easements held by the organization (check all that apply).

Preservation of land for public use (e.g., recreation or education) Preservation of an historically important land area

Protection of natural habitat Preservation of a certified historic structure

Preservation of open space

Complete lines 2a through 2d if the organization held a qualified conservation contribution in the form of a conservation easement on the last day of the tax year.


a	Total number of conservation easements ......................	2a
b	Total acreage restricted by conservation easements ....................	2b
c	Number of conservation easements on a certified historic structure included in (a) .....	2c
d	Number of conservation easements included in (c) acquired after 7/25/06, and not on a historic structure listed in the National Register ...	2d

Number of conservation easements modified, transferred, released, extinguished, or terminated by the organization during the
tax year SchDMd Bullet

Number of states where property subject to conservation easement is located SchDMd Bullet

Does the organization have a written policy regarding the periodic monitoring, inspection, handling of violations, and enforcement of the conservation easements it holds? ............

Yes No

Staff and volunteer hours devoted to monitoring, inspecting, handling of violations, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
SchDMd Bullet

Amount of expenses incurred in monitoring, inspecting, handling of violations, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
SchDMd Bullet

Does each conservation easement reported on line 2(d) above satisfy the requirements of section 170(h)(4)(B)(i) and section 170(h)(4)(B)(ii)? .............................

Yes No

In Part XIII, describe how the organization reports conservation easements in its revenue and expense statement, and
balance sheet, and include, if applicable, the text of the footnote to the organization’s financial statements that describes
the organization’s accounting for conservation easements.

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 8.

If the organization elected, as permitted under SFAS 116 (ASC 958), not to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide, in Part XIII, the text of the footnote to its financial statements that describes these items.

If the organization elected, as permitted under SFAS 116 (ASC 958), to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide the following amounts relating to these items:

(i)

Revenue included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 ......................... SchDMd Bullet

(ii)

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... SchDMd Bullet

If the organization received or held works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets for financial gain, provide the
following amounts required to be reported under SFAS 116 (ASC 958) relating to these items:

Revenue included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 .......................... SchDMd Bullet

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... SchDMd Bullet

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 52283D

Schedule D (Form 990) 2018

Page 2

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets (continued)

Using the organization’s acquisition, accession, and other records, check any of the following that are a significant use of its collection items (check all that apply):

Public exhibition

Loan or exchange programs

Scholarly research

Other

Preservation for future generations

Provide a description of the organization’s collections and explain how they further the organization’s exempt purpose in
Part XIII.

During the year, did the organization solicit or receive donations of art, historical treasures or other similar
assets to be sold to raise funds rather than to be maintained as part of the organization’s collection?...

Yes No

Part IV

Escrow and Custodial Arrangements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 9, or reported an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21.

Is the organization an agent, trustee, custodian or other intermediary for contributions or other assets not
included on Form 990, Part X? ....................................

Yes No


b	If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII and complete the following table:		Amount
c	Beginning balance .............................	1c
d	Additions during the year ............................	1d
e	Distributions during the year ..........................	1e
f	Ending balance ................................	1f

Did the organization include an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21, for escrow or custodial account liability? ...

Yes No

If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII. Check here if the explanation has been provided in Part XIII ....

Part V

Endowment Funds. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 10.

		(a)Current year	(b)Prior year	(c)Two years back	(d)Three years back	(e)Four years back

1a	Beginning of year balance ....	320,000	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000
b	Contributions ...	14,385	234,806	4,332	4,344	4,257
c	Net investment earnings, gains, and losses	-18,000	10,000
d	Grants or scholarships ...
e	Other expenditures for facilities and programs ...	14,385	14,806	4,332	4,344	4,257
f	Administrative expenses ....
g	End of year balance ......	302,000	320,000	90,000	90,000	90,000

Provide the estimated percentage of the current year end balance (line 1g, column (a)) held as:

Board designated or quasi-endowment SchDMd Bullet

0 %

Permanent endowment SchDMd Bullet

100.000 %

Temporarily restricted endowment SchDMd Bullet

0 %

The percentages on lines 2a, 2b, and 2c should equal 100%.

Are there endowment funds not in the possession of the organization that are held and administered for the
organization by:

Yes

(i) unrelated organizations .................

3a(i)

Yes

(ii) related organizations .................

3a(ii)

If "Yes" on 3a(ii), are the related organizations listed as required on Schedule R? .........

Describe in Part XIII the intended uses of the organization's endowment funds.

Part VI

Land, Buildings, and Equipment.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 11a. See Form 990, Part X, line 10.

Description of property		(a) Cost or other basis (investment)	(b) Cost or other basis (other)	(c) Accumulated depreciation	(d) Book value

1a	Land .....	2,800,000	1,147,363		3,947,363
b	Buildings ....	1,629,400	5,108,128	3,176,389	3,561,139
c	Leasehold improvements
d	Equipment ....		1,222,979	983,302	239,677
e	Other .....		204,078	184,917	19,161
Total. Add lines 1a through 1e. (Column (d) must equal Form 990, Part X, column (B), line 10(c).)..					7,767,340

Schedule D (Form 990) 2018

Page 3

Part VII

InvestmentsOther Securities. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 11b. See Form 990, Part X, line 12.

(a) Description of security or category (including name of security)	(b) Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value
(1) Financial derivatives.........
(2) Closely-held equity interests........
(3)Other
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col. (B) line 12.)

Part VIII

InvestmentsProgram Related. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11c. See Form 990, Part X, line 13.

(a) Description of investment	(b) Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 13.)

Part IX

Other Assets. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11d. See Form 990, Part X, line 15.

(a) Description				(b) Book value

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 15.)...........

Part X

Other Liabilities. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11e or 11f. See Form 990, Part X, line 25.

1.(a) Description of liability	(b) Book value
(1) Federal income taxes
CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITIES	1,060,348
RENTAL DEPOSITS	80,000
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS	111,166
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 25.)	1,251,514
2. Liability for uncertain tax positions. In Part XIII, provide the text of the footnote to the organization's financial statements that reports the organization's liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC 740). Check here if the text of the footnote has been provided in Part XIII

Schedule D (Form 990) 2018

Page 4

Part XI Reconciliation of Revenue per Audited Financial Statements With Revenue per Return Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total revenue, gains, and other support per audited financial statements .......			1	51,052,483
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12:
a	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments ....	2a	-713,169
b	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2b	9,487,455
c	Recoveries of prior year grants ...........	2c	208,198
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	2d	30,089
e	Add lines 2a through 2d .....................			2e	9,012,573
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1..................			3	42,039,910
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b .	4a	286,678
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ...........	4b	-41,779
c	Add lines 4a and 4b....................			4c	244,899
5	Total revenue. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 12.) ......			5	42,284,809

Part XII Reconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Statements With Expenses per Return. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total expenses and losses per audited financial statements ...........			1	49,642,566
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part IX, line 25:
a	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2a	9,487,455
b	Prior year adjustments ............	2b
c	Other losses ................	2c
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	2d	30,089
e	Add lines 2a through 2d....................			2e	9,517,544
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1...................			3	40,125,022
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part IX, line 25, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b ..	4a	286,678
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	4b	31,630
c	Add lines 4a and 4b.....................			4c	318,308
5	Total expenses. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 18.) ......			5	40,443,330

Part XIII

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part II, lines 3, 5, and 9; Part III, lines 1a and 4; Part lV, lines 1b and 2b; Part V, line 4; Part X, line 2; Part XI, lines 2d and 4b; and Part XII, lines 2d and 4b. Also complete this part to provide any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
PART V, LINE 4:	THE EARNINGS ON THIS ENDOWMENT ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAM, ARE RECORDED AS TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED INVESTMENT INCOME, AND ARE RELEASED AS SPENT.
PART X, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS PERFORMED AN EVALUATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2019, AND DETERMINED THAT THERE WERE NO MATTERS THAT WOULD REQUIRE RECOGNITION IN THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OR THAT MAY HAVE ANY EFFECT ON ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS.
PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	SPECIAL EVENT EXPENSE 30,089.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779.
PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	SPECIAL EVENT EXPENSE 30,089.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS 73,409.

Schedule D (Form 990) 2018

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE F(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Statement of Activities Outside the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 14b, 15, or 16. Right pointing arrow large image

Attach to Form 990. Right pointing arrow large image

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

General Information on Activities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 14b.

For grantmakers. Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of its grants and

other assistance, the grantees’ eligibility for the grants or assistance, and the selection criteria used

to award the grants or assistance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes

For grantmakers. Describe in Part V the organization’s procedures for monitoring the use of its grants and other assistance outside the United States.

Activites per Region. (The following Part I, line 3 table can be duplicated if additional space is needed.)

(a) Region		(b) Number of offices in the region	(c) Number of employees, agents, and independent contractors in region	(d) Activities conducted in region (by type) (e.g., fundraising, program services, investments, grants to recipients located in the region)	(f) Total expenditures for and investments in region
	EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	0	0	GRANTMAKING	2,161,483
	EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	0	0	GRANTMAKING	387,873















3a	Sub-total .....	0	0		2,549,356
b	Total from continuation sheets to Part I ...				0
c	Totals (add lines 3a and 3b)	0	0		2,549,356

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.Cat. No. 50082W Schedule F (Form 990) 2018

Schedule F (Form 990) 2018

Page 2

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations or Entities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 15, for any recipient who received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(c) Region	(d) Purpose of grant	(e) Amount of cash grant	(f) Manner of cash disbursement
EUROPE	AD RESEARCH BY MARC AUREL BUSCHE, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019112S)	298,861	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LUCA COLNAGHI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019296F)	180,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DAVID BERRON, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019401F)	193,777	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HENRIETTA NIELSEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019446S)	300,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GIACOMO KOCH, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019523S)	190,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEROME MERTENS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019562S)	300,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CAMIN DEAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019586S)	300,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DOMINIK PAQUET, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019604S)	300,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH CONFERENCE SUPPORT	98,845	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ZHICHAO WU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019073)	187,873	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PAUL BAIRD, BSC, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019093)	200,000	WIRE TRANSFER

2	Enter total number of recipient organizations listed above that are recognized as charities by the foreign country, recognized as tax-exempt by the IRS, or for which the grantee or counsel has provided a section 501(c)(3) equivalency letter .......	11
3	Enter total number of other organizations or entities .......................	0

Schedule F (Form 990) 2018

Schedule F (Form 990) 2018Page 3

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Individuals Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 16.

Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Type of grant or assistance		(b) Region	(c) Number of recipients	(d) Amount of cash grant	(e) Manner of cash disbursement	(f) Amount of non-cash assistance	(g) Description of non-cash assistance	(h) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)

Schedule F (Form 990) 2018

Page 4

Part IV

Foreign Forms

Schedule F (Form 990) 2018

Page 5

Part V

Supplemental Information
Provide the information required by Part I, line 2 (monitoring of funds); Part I, line 3, column (f) (accounting method; amounts of investments vs. expenditures per region); Part II, line 1 (accounting method); Part III (accounting method); and Part III, column (c) (estimated number of recipients), as applicable. Also complete this part to provide any additional information (see instructions).

ReturnReference	Explanation
PART I, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CATEGORY NORMALIZED CITATION IMPACT ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO AN UNBIASED COMPARISON OF IMPACT PERFORMANCE VERSUS THE WORLD AVERAGE. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS WERE RECENTLY CITED AT 2.5 TIMES THE FREQUENCY OF THE WORLD AVERAGE. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR FOLLOW-ON PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT, WITH VALUES NEARLY 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE FINAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORT, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.
PART I, LINE 3:	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTED THE EXPENDITURES BASED ON THE ACCOUNTING METHOD USED IN ITS AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WHICH IS ON AN ACCRUAL BASIS.
PART II, LINE 1	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTED THE EXPENDITURES BASED ON THE ACCOUNTING METHOD USED IN ITS AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WHICH IS ON AN ACCRUAL BASIS.

Schedule F (Form 990) 2018

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE G (Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information Regarding
Fundraising or Gaming Activities

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 17, 18, or 19, or if the organization entered more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a. right arrow

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
right arrow

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Fundraising Activities. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 17.

Form 990-EZ filers are not required to complete this part.

Indicate whether the organization raised funds through any of the following activities. Check all that apply.

a	Mail solicitations	e	Solicitation of non-government grants
b	Internet and email solicitations	f	Solicitation of government grants
c	Phone solicitations	g	Special fundraising events
d	In-person solicitations

Did the organization have a written or oral agreement with any individual (including officers, directors, trustees

or key employees listed in Form 990, Part VII) or entity in connection with professional fundraising services?

YesNo

If "Yes," list the ten highest paid individuals or entities (fundraisers) pursuant to agreements under which the fundraiser is
to be compensated at least $5,000 by the organization.

(i) Name and address of individual or entity (fundraiser)		(ii) Activity	(iii) Did fundraiser have custody or control of contributions?		(iv) Gross receipts from activity	(v) Amount paid to (or retained by) fundraiser listed in col. (i)	(vi) Amount paid to (or retained by) organization
			Yes	No
	RKD GROUP 35 PARKWOOD DRIVE STE 160 HOPKINTON, MA01748	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT		No	23,932,306	442,351	23,489,955
	BEACONFIRE REDENGINE 2300 CLARENDON BLVD STE 925 ARLINGTON, VA22201	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT		No	2,030,919	319,287	1,711,632








Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .					25,963,225	761,638	25,201,587

List all states in which the organization is registered or licensed to solicit contributions or has been notified it is exempt from registration or licensing.

AK, AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, GA, HI, IL, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, UT, VA, WA, WI, WV

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 50083H

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 2

Part II

Fundraising Events. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 18, or reported more than $15,000 of fundraising event contributions and gross income on Form 990-EZ, lines 1 and 6b. List events with gross receipts greater than $5,000.

		(a) Event #1 AN EVENING OF BRIGHTFOCUS (event type)	(d) Total events (add col. (a) through col. (c))
1	Gross receipts . . . . .	262,910	262,910
2	Less: Contributions . . . .	216,710	216,710
3	Gross income (line 1 minus line 2) . . . . . .	46,200	46,200

4	Cash prizes . . . . .
5	Noncash prizes . . . .
6	Rent/facility costs . . . .	27,900	27,900
7	Food and beverages . . .	116,871	116,871
8	Entertainment . . . .	44,649	44,649
9	Other direct expenses . . .	128,907	128,907
10	Direct expense summary. Add lines 4 through 9 in column (d) . . . . . . . . . .		318,327
11	Net income summary. Subtract line 10 from line 3, column (d). . . . . . . . . .		-272,127

Part III

Gaming. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 19, or reported more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a.

		(a) Bingo	(b) Pull tabs/Instant bingo/progressive bingo	(c) Other gaming	(d) Total gaming (add col.(a) through col.(c))
1	Gross revenue . . . . .

2	Cash prizes . . . . .
3	Noncash prizes . . . .
4	Rent/facility costs . . . .
5	Other direct expenses . . .

Volunteer labor . . . .

	Yes %
	No

	Yes %
	No

	Yes %
	No

Direct expense summary. Add lines 2 through 5 in column (d) . . . . . . . . . . right arrow

Net gaming income summary. Subtract line 7 from line 1, column (d). . . . . . . . . right arrow

Enter the state(s) in which the organization conducts gaming activities:

Is the organization licensed to conduct gaming activities in each of these states? . . . . . . . .

YesNo

If "No," explain:

10a

Were any of the organization's gaming licenses revoked, suspended or terminated during the tax year? . . .

YesNo

If "Yes," explain:

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Page 3

Does the organization conduct gaming activities with nonmembers? . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Is the organization a grantor, beneficiary or trustee of a trust or a member of a partnership or other entity

formed to administer charitable gaming? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Indicate the percentage of gaming activity conducted in:

The organization's facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13a

An outside facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13b

Enter the name and address of the person who prepares the organization's gaming/special events books and records:

Name

Address

15a

Does the organization have a contract with a third party from whom the organization receives gaming

revenue? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

If "Yes," enter the amount of gaming revenue received by the organization right arrow

$ and the

amount of gaming revenue retained by the third party right arrow

$ .

If "Yes," enter name and address of the third party:

Name

Address

Gaming manager information:

Name

Gaming manager compensation right arrow

Description of services provided right arrow

Director/officer Employee Independent contractor

Mandatory distributions:

Is the organization required under state law to make charitable distributions from the gaming proceeds to

retain the state gaming license? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Enter the amount of distributions required under state law distributed to other exempt organizations or spent

in the organization's own exempt activities during the tax year right arrow

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the explanations required by Part I, line 2b, columns (iii) and (v); and Part III, lines 9, 9b, 10b, 15b, 15c, 16, and 17b, as applicable. Also provide any additional information. See instructions.

Return Reference	Explanation
SCHEDULE G, PART I, LINE 2B, COLUMN (V)	IN THE CONTRACT WITH RKD GROUP, THE MANAGEMENT FEES ARE FIXED AMOUNTS PER MONTH FOR IN-SCOPE SERVICES THAT TOTALS $993,600 PER YEAR OF WHICH $554,249 HAS BEEN ALLOCATED UNDER PART XI, LINE 11(G) TO PROGRAM AND MANAGEMENT AND ARE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE THE PROFESSIONAL FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE.

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

Additional Data

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Software Version:

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Note: To capture the full content of this document, please select landscape mode (11" x 8.5") when printing.

Schedule I
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations,
Governments and Individuals in the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," on Form 990, Part IV, line 21 or 22.
lBullet

Attach to Form 990.
lBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number
23-7337229

Part I

General Information on Grants and Assistance

Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of the grants or assistance, the grantees' eligibility for the grants or assistance, and
the selection criteria used to award the grants or assistance? ........................

Yes No

Describe in Part IV the organization's procedures for monitoring the use of grant funds in the United States.

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Organizations and Domestic Governments. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 21, for any recipient

that received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Name and address of organization or government	(b) EIN	(c) IRC section (if applicable)	(d) Amount of cash grant	(h) Purpose of grant or assistance
(1) TUFTS UNIVERSITY - BOSTON 136 HARRISON AVENUE BOSTON,MA02111	04-2103634	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WONHEE KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019021F)
(2) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 55 FRUIT STREET CHARLESTOWN,MA02114	04-1564655	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICHELLE FARRELL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019029F)
(3) UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 5812 S ELLIS AVENUE CHICAGO,IL60637	36-2177139	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HEMRAJ DODIYA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019032F)
(4) MCLEAN HOSPITAL 115 MILL STREET BELMONT,MA02478	04-2697981	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DARRICK BALU, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019034S)
(5) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 2025 ZONAL AVENUE LOS ANGELES,CA90098	95-1642394	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HOSUNG KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019052S)
(6) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 55 FRUIT STREET CHARLESTOWN,MA02114	04-1564655	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MASATO MAESAKO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019056F)
(7) THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER 6000 HARRY HINES BOULEVARD DALLAS,TX75390	75-6002868	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LUKASZ JOACHIMIAK, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019060S)
(8) EMORY UNIVERSITY 1599 CLIFTON ROAD NE ATLANTA,GA30322	58-0566256	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NICHOLAS VARVEL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019077S)
(9) HOUSTON METHODIST RESEARCH INSTITUTE 6550 FANNIN STREET HOUSTON,TX77030	87-0721923	501(C)(3)	184,377	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALIREZA FARIDAR, MD, ENTITLED: (A2019083F)
(10) HUDSON ALPHA INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY 601 GENOME WAY HUNTSVILLE,AL35806	43-2059317	501(C)(3)	199,896	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NICK COCHRAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019129F)
(11) REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3003 S STATE STREET ANN ARBOR,MI48109	38-6006309	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MATTHIAS TRUTTMANN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019157S)
(12) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 55 FRUIT STREET CHARLESTOWN,MA02114	04-1564655	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BECKY CARLYLE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019182S)
(13) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 1501 SAN PABLO STREET LOS ANGELES,CA90033	95-1642394	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZHEN ZHAO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019218S)
(14) UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER SAN ANTONIO 7703 FLOYD CURL DRIVE SAN ANTONIO,TX78229	74-1586031	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WENYAN SUN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019223F)
(15) REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3003 S STATE STREET ANN ARBOR,MI48109	38-6006309	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRYNDON OLESON, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019250F)
(16) UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 3600 SPRUCE STREET PHILADELPHIA,PA19104	23-1352685	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GARRETT GIBBONS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019263F)
(17) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ZILKHA NEUROGENETIC INSTITUTE 1501 SAN PABLO STREET LOS ANGELES,CA90033	95-1642394	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALEXANDRE BONNIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019279S)
(18) ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI 1425 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK,NY10029	13-6171197	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANNA PIMENOVA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019299F)
(19) RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE 630 WEST 168TH STREET NEW YORK,NY10032	13-5598093	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SYED ABID HUSSAINI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019307S)
(20) EMORY UNIVERSITY 1510 CLIFTON ROAD NE ATLANTA,GA30322	58-0566256	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY THOMAS KUKAR, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019355S)
(21) MEMORIAL SLOAN-KETTERING CANCER CENTER 1275 YORK AVENUE NEW YORK,NY10065	13-1924326	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EITAN WONG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019356F)
(22) WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY 413 EAST 69TH STREET NEW YORK,NY10021	13-1623978	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANNA ORR, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019363S)
(23) REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE 141 INNOVATION SUITE 250 IRVINE,CA92697	95-2226406	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KEI IGARASHI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019380S)
(24) COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY TAUB INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH 639 W 168TH STREET NEW YORK,NY10032	13-5598093	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GUSTAVO RODRIGUEZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019382F)
(25) UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 368 PLANTATION STREET WORCESTER,MA01655	04-3167352	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANA BATISTA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019468F)
(26) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 55 FRUIT STREET BOSTON,MA02114	04-1564655	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARIA CALVO-RODRIGUEZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019488F
(27) NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 300 EAST SUPERIOR STREET CHICAGO,IL60611	36-2167817	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUSTYNA DOBROWOLSKA ZAKARIA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019520S)
(28) CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY 10900 EUCLID AVENUE CLEVELAND,OH44106	34-1018992	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MIN-KYOO SHIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019551F)
(29) MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 77 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE CAMBRIDGE,MA02139	04-2103594	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY XIAO CHEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019566F)
(30) NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 550 FIRST AVENUE NEW YORK,NY10016	13-5562308	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ARJUN MASURKAR, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019602S)
(31) UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 3451 WALNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA,PA19104	23-1352685	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BEDE PORTZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019612F)
(32) TEXAS A & M UNIVERSITY 400 HARVEY MITCHELL PARKWAY SOUTH SUITE 300 COLLEGE STATION,TX77845	74-6000541	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY YUXIANG SUN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019630S)
(33) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 733 N BROADWAY SUITE 117 BALTIMORE,MD21205	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PETER ABADIR, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019634S)
(34) MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE 4500 SAN PABLO ROAD ROOM 110 JACKSONVILLE,FL32224	59-3337028	501(C)(3)	60,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH: (CA2017563) MOLECULAR NEUROGENERATION JOURNAL
(35) UNIVERSITY OF DENVER 2155 E WESLEY AVENUE DENVER,CO80208	84-0404231	501(C)(3)	84,210	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANN CHARLOTTE GRANHOLM-BENTLEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018010)
(36) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 55 FRUIT STREET BOSTON,MA02114	04-1564655	501(C)(3)	556,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JILL GOLDSTEIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018607)
(37) NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 550 FIRST AVENUE NEW YORK,NY10016	13-5562308	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KEVIN CHAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019103)
(38) EMORY UNIVERSITY 1599 CLIFTON ROAD NE ATLANTA,GA30322	58-0566256	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ELDON GEISERT, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019111)
(39) HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 677 HUNTINGTON AVENUE BOSTON,MA02115	04-2103580	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY CHAN PARK, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019179)
(40) UNIVERSITY OF UTAH 20 SOUTH 2030 EAST SALT LAKE CITY,UT84132	87-6000525	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ALEJANDRA BOSCO, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019219)
(41) TEMPLE UNIVERSITY 1801 NORTH BROAD STREET PHILADELPHIA,PA19122	23-1365971	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GARETH THOMAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019267)
(42) BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 25 BUICK STREET BOSTON,MA02215	04-2103547	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY HAIYAN GONG, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019295)
(43) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 3400 N CHARLES STREET BALTIMORE,MD21218	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROBERT JOHNSTON, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019300)
(44) STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO 3435 MAIN STREET BUFFALO,NY14214	14-1368361	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SARAH ZHANG, MD, ENTITLED: (G2019302)
(45) BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE ONE BAYLOR PLAZA HOUSTON,TX77030	74-1613878	501(C)(3)	199,774	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY TRENT WATKINS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019332)
(46) THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE 20 STANIFORD STREET BOSTON,MA02114	42-2129889	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MEREDITH GREGORY-KSANDER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019340
(47) UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO 845 WEST TAYLOR STREET CHICAGO,IL60607	37-6000511	501(C)(3)	149,998	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN HETLING, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019356)
(48) DUKE UNIVERSITY 2200 WEST MAIN DURHAM,NC27705	56-0532129	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MICHAEL HAUSER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019357)
(49) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO 675 NELSON RISING LANE SAN FRANCISCO,CA94107	94-6036493	501(C)(3)	200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SAIDAS NAIR, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019360)
(50) VANDERBILT EYE INSTITUTE 2311 PIERCE AVENUE NASHVILLE,TN37232	62-0476822	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MD IMAM UDDIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019023)
(51) AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 1120 15TH STREET AUGUSTA,GA30912	58-1418202	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MING ZHANG, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019035)
(52) UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL 104 AIRPORT DRIVE SUITE 2200 CHAPEL HILL,NC27516	56-6001393	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ZONGCHAO HAN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019063)
(53) INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 980 INDIANA AVENUE INDIANAPOLIS,IN46202	35-6001673	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY TIM CORSON, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019069)
(54) UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL 55 LAKE AVENUE NORTH WORCESTER,MA01655	04-3167352	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY HAIJIANG LIN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019074)
(55) THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR SUNY ON BEHALF OF UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO 3495 BAILEY AVENUE BUFFALO,NY14260	14-1368361	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MICHAEL FARKAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019108)
(56) UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY 1415 OLD MAIN HILL LOGAN,UT84322	87-6000528	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ELIZABETH VARGIS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019109)
(57) CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 300 LONGWOOD AVENUE BOSTON,MA02115	04-2774441	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YE SUN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019114)
(58) UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 21 N PARK SREET SUITE 6401 MADISON,WI53715	39-6006492	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RAUNAK SINHA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019131)
(59) THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 809 SOUTH MARSHFIELD AVENUE URBANA,IL60612	37-6000511	501(C)(3)	198,052	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JOELLE HALLAK, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019155)
(60) UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER 1000 STANTON L YOUNG BOULEVARD OKLAHOMA CITY,OK73117	73-6017987	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RAJU RAJALA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019168)
(61) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 55 FRUIT STREET BOSTON,MA02114	04-1564655	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ALEXANDER MARNEROS, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019184)
(62) UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM 1530 3RD AVENUE SOUTH BIRMINGHAM,AL35294	63-6005396	501(C)(3)	200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY STEPHEN ALLER, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019212)
(63) HELEN KELLER FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATION 1201 11TH AVENUE SOUTH SUITE 300 BIRMINGHAM,AL35205	63-0983733	501(C)(3)	100,000	2019 HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP.
(64) ASSOCIATION FOR OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 38 CLOVER RIDGE ROAD MEREDITH,NH03253	38-3169020	501(C)(3)	10,000	TRAVEL GRANTS FOR CONFERENCE ATTENDANCE.

Enter total number of section 501(c)(3) and government organizations listed in the line 1 table ................. Bullet Image

Enter total number of other organizations listed in the line 1 table ........................ . Bullet Image

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50055P

Schedule I (Form 990) 2018

Page 2

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Individuals. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 22.
Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Type of grant or assistance	(b) Number of recipients	(c) Amount of cash grant	(d) Amount of noncash assistance	(e) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)	(f) Description of noncash assistance

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the information required in Part I, line 2; Part III, column (b); and any other additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART I, LINE 2:

BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CATEGORY NORMALIZED CITATION IMPACT ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO AN UNBIASED COMPARISON OF IMPACT PERFORMANCE VERSUS THE WORLD AVERAGE. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS WERE RECENTLY CITED AT 2.5 TIMES THE FREQUENCY OF THE WORLD AVERAGE. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR FOLLOW-ON PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT, WITH VALUES NEARLY 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE FINAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORT, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.

Schedule I (Form 990) 2018

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule J
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Compensation Information

For certain Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest
Compensated Employees
SchJMediumBullet

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 23.
SchJMediumBullet

Attach to Form 990.
SchJMediumBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Questions Regarding Compensation

Yes

Check the appropiate box(es) if the organization provided any of the following to or for a person listed on Form
990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a. Complete Part III to provide any relevant information regarding these items.

First-class or charter travel Housing allowance or residence for personal use

Travel for companions Payments for business use of personal residence

Tax idemnification and gross-up payments Health or social club dues or initiation fees

Discretionary spending account Personal services (e.g., maid, chauffeur, chef)

If any of the boxes in line 1a are checked, did the organization follow a written policy regarding payment or reimbursement or provision of all of the expenses described above? If "No," complete Part III to explain .........

Did the organization require substantiation prior to reimbursing or allowing expenses incurred by all
directors, trustees, officers, including the CEO/Executive Director, regarding the items checked in line 1a? ..

Indicate which, if any, of the following the filing organization used to establish the compensation of the
organization's CEO/Executive Director. Check all that apply. Do not check any boxes for methods
used by a related organization to establish compensation of the CEO/Executive Director, but explain in Part III.

Compensation committee Written employment contract

Independent compensation consultant Compensation survey or study

Form 990 of other organizations Approval by the board or compensation committee

During the year, did any person listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, with respect to the filing organization or a related organization:

Receive a severance payment or change-of-control payment? .............

Participate in, or receive payment from, a supplemental nonqualified retirement plan? .........

Participate in, or receive payment from, an equity-based compensation arrangement? .........

If "Yes" to any of lines 4a-c, list the persons and provide the applicable amounts for each item in Part III.

Only 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), and 501(c)(29) organizations must complete lines 5-9.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the revenues of:

The organization? ....................

Any related organization? .......................

If "Yes," on line 5a or 5b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the net earnings of:

The organization? ..................

Any related organization? ......................

If "Yes," on line 6a or 6b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization provide any nonfixed
payments not described in lines 5 and 6? If "Yes," describe in Part III ............

Yes

Were any amounts reported on Form 990, Part VII, paid or accured pursuant to a contract that was
subject to the initial contract exception described in Regulations section 53.4958-4(a)(3)? If "Yes," describe
in Part III ..........................

If "Yes" on line 8, did the organization also follow the rebuttable presumption procedure described in Regulations section 53.4958-6(c)? .........................

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50053T

Schedule J (Form 990) 2018

Page 2

Part II

Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees. Use duplicate copies if additional space is needed.

For each individual whose compensation must be reported on Schedule J, report compensation from the organization on row (i) and from related organizations, described in the
instructions, on row (ii). Do not list any individuals that are not listed on Form 990, Part VII.
Note. The sum of columns (B)(i)-(iii) for each listed individual must equal the total amount of Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, applicable column (D) and (E) amounts for that individual.

(A) Name and Title		(B) Breakdown of W-2 and/or 1099-MISC compensation			(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)	(F) Compensation in column (B) reported as deferred on prior Form 990
(A) Name and Title		(i) Base compensation	(ii) Bonus & incentive compensation	(iii) Other reportable compensation	(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)
1STACY PAGOS HALLER PRESIDENT/CEO	(i) (ii)	361,402 ------------- 0	45,000 ------------- 0	2,802 ------------- 0	41,250 ------------- 0	39,835 ------------- 0	490,289 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
2NANCY LYNN SR. VP STRATEGIC PARTNERSH	(i) (ii)	233,296 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	1,032 ------------- 0	14,813 ------------- 0	23,397 ------------- 0	272,538 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
3R BRIAN ELDERTON SR. VP, DEVELOPMENT	(i) (ii)	226,681 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	1,584 ------------- 0	23,621 ------------- 0	19,618 ------------- 0	271,504 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
4DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	(i) (ii)	154,230 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	1,032 ------------- 0	22,553 ------------- 0	36,812 ------------- 0	214,627 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
5MICHAEL BUCKLEY VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	(i) (ii)	153,755 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	552 ------------- 0	20,745 ------------- 0	3,484 ------------- 0	178,536 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
6DIANE BOVENKAMP PHD VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	(i) (ii)	139,766 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	360 ------------- 0	18,858 ------------- 0	3,481 ------------- 0	162,465 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0

Schedule J (Form 990) 2018

Page 3

Part III

Supplemental Information

Provide the information, explanation, or descriptions required for Part I, lines 1a, 1b, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7, and 8, and for Part II. Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART I, LINE 7

AS THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S BONUS WAS NOT A FIXED PAYMENT SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, THIS ITEM HAS BEEN ANSWERED 'YES' IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS. HOWEVER, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT HER BONUS WAS A NON-FIXED PAYMENT BASED ON BRIGHTFOCUS' INTERNAL PROCEDURES. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSIDERS THE AWARD OF A DISCRETIONARY BONUS EACH YEAR. THE DETERMINATION OF THE BONUS COMPENSATION IS CAPPED AS SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, AND IF NOT WARRANTED WILL NOT BE AWARDED AT ALL. THE DETERMINATION IS MADE BY THE FULL BOARD UPON RECOMMENDATION OF ITS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REVIEW OF PRESIDENT/CEO COMPENSATION. THE COMMITTEE CONSIDERS A SET OF GOALS FOR THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S PERFORMANCE DEVELOPED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR IN CONSULTATION WITH THE PRESIDENT/CEO. EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED AT THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE BONUS IS AWARDED BASED ON A DETAILED REVIEW BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WHETHER EACH GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED.

Schedule J (Form 990) 2018

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE M
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury

Internal Revenue Service

Noncash Contributions

Complete if the organizations answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 29 or 30.
Right pointing arrow large image

Attach to Form 990.
Right pointing arrow large image

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Types of Property

	(a) Check if applicable	(b) Number of contributions or items contributed	(c) Noncash contribution amounts reported on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1g	(d) Method of determining noncash contribution amounts
1 Art—Works of art ....
2 Art—Historical treasures .
3 Art—Fractional interests ..
4 Books and publications ..
5 Clothing and household goods .......
6 Cars and other vehicles ..
7 Boats and planes ....
8 Intellectual property ...
9 Securities—Publicly traded .	X	19	99,278	FMV
10 Securities—Closely held stock .
11 Securities—Partnership, LLC, or trust interests ....
12 Securities—Miscellaneous ..
13 Qualified conservation contribution—Historic structures .....
14 Qualified conservation contribution—Other ...
15 Real estate—Residential .
16 Real estate—Commercial ..
17 Real estate—Other ...
18 Collectibles .....
19 Food inventory ...
20 Drugs and medical supplies .
21 Taxidermy ......
22 Historical artifacts ....
23 Scientific specimens ..
24 Archeological artifacts ...
25 Other ( )
26 Other ( )
27 Other ( )
28 Other ( )

Number of Forms 8283 received by the organization during the tax year for contributions
for which the organization completed Form 8283, Part IV, Donee Acknowledgement

Yes

30a

During the year, did the organization receive by contribution any property reported in Part I, lines 1 through 28, that it must hold for at least three years from the date of the initial contribution, and which is not required to be used for exempt purposes for the entire holding period? ...................

30a

If "Yes," describe the arrangement in Part II.

Does the organization have a gift acceptance policy that requires the review of any nonstandard contributions?

Yes

32a

Does the organization hire or use third parties or related organizations to solicit, process, or sell noncash

contributions? ..........................

32a

If "Yes," describe in Part II.

If the organization did not report an amount in column (c) for a type of property for which column (a) is checked,

describe in Part II.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 51227J

Schedule M (Form 990) (2018)

Page 2

Part II

Supplemental Information. Provide the information required by Part I, lines 30b, 32b, and 33, and whether the organization is reporting in Part I, column (b), the number of contributions, the number of items received, or a combination of both. Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
PART I, COLUMN (B):	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS IN PART I, COLUMN (B).

Schedule M (Form 990) (2018)

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE O
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ

Complete to provide information for responses to specific questions on
Form 990 or 990-EZ or to provide any additional information.
MediumBullet

Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
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Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Return Reference	Explanation
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1, DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION MISSION:	BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDS EXCEPTIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORLDWIDE TO DEFEAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA AND PROVIDES EXPERT INFORMATION ON THESE HEARTBREAKING DISEASES. OUR VISION IS: A WORLD FREE FROM DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT. COLLECTIVELY, 1 IN 16 PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 40 IN THE U.S. HAS ONE OF THESE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS HAS A PROVEN TRACK RECORD OF SUPPORTING THE MOST INNOVATIVE, EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH SEEKING BETTER UNDERSTANDING, TREATMENTS, OR, ULTIMATELY, A CURE FOR THESE DISEASES. SINCE 1973, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $206 MILLION IN RESEARCH GRANTS TO THOUSANDS OF SCIENTISTS AROUND THE WORLD. OUR RESEARCH FUNDING HAS LED TO MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THESE DISEASES AND SUPPORT FOR SCIENTISTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED PRESTIGIOUS AWARDS, INCLUDING TWO NOBEL PRIZES. AN INDICATOR OF OUR ABILITY TO PUSH NEW BOUNDARIES OF KNOWLEDGE IS THAT BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH WAS RECENTLY FOUND TO HAVE HAD TWICE THE IMPACT ON DRIVING FUTURE SCIENCE THAN WORK SUPPORTED BY MANY OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. THE WORLD-CLASS RESEARCH IDENTIFIED AND SUPPORTED BY BRIGHTFOCUS IS ON THE CUTTING-EDGE OF THE FIGHT TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT. OUR FUNDING ACTS AS A CATALYST IN EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH. THE BRIGHTFOCUS RESEARCH PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE INITIAL FUNDING FOR HIGHLY INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTAL IDEAS. DUE TO THE STRUCTURED GRANT REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS, THE RESEARCH IMPACT OF BRIGHTFOCUS IS VERY HIGH. MOST RECIPIENTS OF BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDING GO ON TO RECEIVE FUTURE GRANTS FROM OTHER SOURCES THAT ARE 10 TIMES LARGER THAN THE ORIGINAL BRIGHTFOCUS AWARD. THIS ONE THOUSAND PERCENT RETURN ON BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT SPEAKS TO OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY PROMISING RESEARCH IN ITS EARLIEST STAGES AND SPAWN FUTURE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. IT IS OUR FIRM BELIEF THAT HAVING THE COURAGE TO INVEST IN INNOVATIVE IDEAS WILL LEAD TO REVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES AND LIFE-SAVING BREAKTHROUGHS. ALONG WITH FUNDING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH TO FIND CURES TO SOME OF SOCIETY'S COSTLIEST DISEASES, BRIGHTFOCUS ALSO PROVIDES FREE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS AND SUPPORT TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS AND FAMILIES AFFECTED BY THESE DISEASES NATIONWIDE. WE BASE THESE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS OFF OF THE LATEST RESEARCH FINDINGS. BRIGHTFOCUS INCREASES PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA, AND COMMUNICATES WITH THOUGHT LEADERS AND ELECTED OFFICIALS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THESE AREAS. BRIGHTFOCUS' AWARD-WINNING PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS (PSA) HAVE APPEARED ON TELEVISION, RADIO, AND IN PRINT THROUGHOUT THE NATION. BOTH MAKE A PLAN TODAY: GET YOUR EYES CHECKED AND NOW IS THE MOMENT TO STOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE POWERFULLY SEEK TO RAISE AWARENESS AND EARLY DETECTION, AND SIMILAR MESSAGES HAVE BEEN DELIVERED THROUGH DONATED PRINT PSA SPACE IN AIRPORTS AND TRAIN STATIONS, AS WELL AS AT PHARMACIES AND SUPERMARKETS. IN FISCAL YEAR 2019, THESE PSA MESSAGES GENERATED $9,487,455 IN DONATED MEDIA SERVICES AND GARNERED NEARLY 800 MILLION IMPRESSIONS. NEAR THE CONCLUSION OF FISCAL YEAR 2019, BRIGHTFOCUS LAUNCHED A NEW SERIES OF TELEVISION PSA MESSAGES, THE IMPACT OF ALZHEIMER'S. SINCE 2014, THE BRIGHTFOCUS CHATS HAVE BROUGHT TOGETHER PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS FOR FREE, INTERACTIVE MONTHLY TELEPHONE FORUMS TO LEARN FROM, AND ASK QUESTIONS OF, LEADING RESEARCHERS AND SPECIALISTS ON VISION DISEASES. THE CHATS ARE ARCHIVED ON OUR WEB SITE, WITH AUDIO AND PRINT TRANSCRIPTS AVAILABLE IN A NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE FORMATS. WE CONTINUE TO INCREASE OUR PRINT PUBLICATIONS, MANY IN SPANISH, THAT PROVIDE HELPFUL INFORMATION TO PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS, AND REGULARLY UNVEIL NEW VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALLIES IN THE MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES. BRIGHTFOCUS IS A PRESENTATION PARTNER FOR TURNING POINT, A NEW DOCUMENTARY ON THE SCIENTISTS AND CLINICAL TRIAL VOLUNTEERS WORKING TO DEVELOP A NEW ALZHEIMER'S MEDICATION. BRIGHTFOCUS IS HELPING THE FILM BE SHOWN IN COMMUNITY SETTINGS ACROSS THE COUNTRY TO INCREASE THE AWARENESS OF, AND PARTICIPATION IN, ALZHEIMER'S CLINICAL RESEARCH. WE HAVE EXPANDED OUR WRITTEN CONTENT OF KEY RESEARCH FINDINGS, PROMOTING AND SHARING THIS INFORMATION THROUGH OUR WEB SITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS. CAPITALIZING ON EMERGING USE OF DATA VISUALIZATION, OUR BRIGHTFOCUS INFOGRAPHICS EASILY AND VISUALLY COMMUNICATE INFORMATION ON ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. MORE SPECIFICALLY, EACH OF THESE PROGRAM AREAS MAIL AWARENESS-RAISING MATERIALS TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF HOUSEHOLDS, WITH MESSAGES FOCUSING ON: - RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOM RECOGNITION THROUGH PUBLIC AWARENESS AND STEPS THE PUBLIC SHOULD TAKE THAT MAY HELP REDUCE THEIR RISK. - LIFESTYLE CHOICES THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH, ENCOURAGING READERS TO TAKE ACTION TO REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE ONSET OF THE DISEASE. - RESEARCH RESULTS AND TREATMENTS AVAILABLE TO ADDRESS THE DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS REGULARLY INTERACTS WITH ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS, GOVERNMENTS AT LEVELS, AND MEMBERS OF THE MEDIA TO CALL GREATER ATTENTION TO DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT AND SHARE THE LATEST RESEARCH AND BEST PRACTICES WITH THE PUBLIC FIGURES AND KEY STAKEHOLDERS. THROUGH OUR OWN OUTREACH EFFORTS, AS WELL AS ACTIVE ROLES IN ADVOCACY COALITIONS, WE HELP ADVANCE THE CAUSE OF PIONEERING SCIENCE AND BETTER POSITION BRIGHTFOCUS AS A RESOURCE FOR THOSE STRUGGLING WITH, AND SEARCHING FOR CURES FOR, THESE TERRIBLE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS IS THE PRESENTING SPONSOR OF THE HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH, ONE OF THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS RECOGNITIONS IN THE FIELD. SELECTED BY A PANEL OF THE WORLD'S FOREMOST VISION SCIENTISTS, EACH YEAR'S LAUREATE IS HONORED FOR A GROUNDBREAKING CONTRIBUTION OR DISCOVERY TO SAVE SIGHT. BRIGHTFOCUS BEGAN ITS SPONSORSHIP IN 2015 TO CALL GREATER ATTENTION TO VISION RESEARCH ACROSS THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	NOTABLE PROJECTS INCLUDE: A FOCUS ON AN INTERNATIONAL BIOSAMPLE AND BRAIN BANK FOR BIOMARKER DISCOVERY FOR HIGH RISK ALZHEIMER'S GROUPS; DETERMINING RISK ALGORITHMS IN MIDDLE AGE FOR ALZHEIMER'S IN MEN AND WOMEN; DRUG DISCOVERY; BIOMARKERS; THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN DISEASE RISK; SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES; AND BETTER USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES AND BIG DATA, TO INCREASE THE SPEED OF CLINICAL TRIALS AND RESEARCH PROGRESS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS IS INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. BRIGHTFOCUS IS HONORED TO HAVE SUPPORTED THE EARLY RESEARCH OF TWO EVENTUAL NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS: DR. STANLEY PRUSINER AND DR. PAUL GREENGARD, WHOSE WORK HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL TO OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS CONTINUES ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ACADEMIC JOURNAL "MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION" AS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION. THE JOURNAL PUBLISHES TECHNICAL PAPERS RELATED TO NEURODEGENERATION IN THE THREE DISEASE AREAS. TO ACCELERATE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS, IT IS AN "OPEN ACCESS" JOURNAL, AND ALL CONTENT IS FREE OF CHARGE. THIS OPEN ACCESS ENSURES MAXIMAL REACH OF JOURNAL CONTENTS TO SCIENTISTS AND CARE PROVIDERS WORLDWIDE. MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION IS CURRENTLY THE HIGHEST IMPACT OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL IN THE NEUROSCIENCES. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS THE ONLY CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG THE TOP 10 IN AMERICA WITHOUT A WAY TO PREVENT, CURE, OR EVEN SLOW ITS PROGRESSION. IT IS AN IRREVERSIBLE DEGENERATION OF THE BRAIN THAT CAUSES DISRUPTIONS IN MEMORY, COGNITION, PERSONALITY, AND OTHER FUNCTIONS AND INEVITABLY LEADS TO DEATH. AN ESTIMATED 5.5 MILLION AMERICANS HAVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ABOUT TWO-THIRDS ARE WOMEN.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THIS DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN THE UNITED STATES. IT DESTROYS THE MACULA, THE PART OF THE EYE THAT PROVIDES SHARP, CENTRAL VISION NEEDED FOR SEEING OBJECTS CLEARLY. THE MOST COMMON EYE CONDITION IN PEOPLE AGE 60 AND OLDER, IT CAN LEAD TO VISION LOSS IN ONE OR BOTH EYES, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE FACES, DRIVE A CAR, OR READ.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2019, NGR AWARDED $2,549,772 FOR 13 NEW PROJECTS. DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. GLAUCOMA IS A GROUP OF DISEASES THAT DAMAGE THE EYE'S OPTIC NERVE AND CAN RESULT IN VISION LOSS AND PERMANENT BLINDNESS. MORE THAN 3 MILLION AMERICANS AGE 40 AND OLDER HAVE GLAUCOMA. MORE THAN 60 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD HAVE THE DISEASE. WITH EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT, GLAUCOMA OFTEN CAN BE MANAGED TO PROTECT EYES FROM MORE SERIOUS VISION LOSS, BUT IT IS ESTIMATED THAT ONLY HALF OF THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH GLAUCOMA ARE AWARE THAT THEY HAVE THE DISEASE.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B	A DRAFT OF THE FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW PRIOR TO BEING SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED EARLY ENOUGH TO PROVIDE EACH COMMITTEE MEMBER WITH A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR REVIEW AND SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS PRIOR TO THE FILING DEADLINE. THE FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED TO EACH MEMBER OF THE FULL BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRIOR TO BEING FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT OR FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 MAY BE DISTRIBUTED IN PERSON, BY REGULAR MAIL, E-MAIL, OR FAX.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	BRIGHTFOCUS HAS ALL EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS, AND DIRECTORS AGREE TO THE CODE OF CONDUCT THAT INCLUDES ADHERENCE TO THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICY. EACH BOARD DIRECTOR, OFFICER, AND EMPLOYEE IS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT ANNAUALLY. EMPLOYEES MEET ANNUALLY WITH THE BRIGHTFOCUS' CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER TO REVIEW THEIR CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS, AND GIVE AN ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST COMPLIANCE REPORT TO THE BOARD CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND/OR BRIGHTFOCUS' LEGAL COUNSEL AND, IF APPROPRIATE AND NECESSARY, THEN TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. THE DIRECTOR'S AND OFFICER'S STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS LEGAL COUNSEL. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING A CONFLICT OF INTEREST, THE CONFLICTED PARTY IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	BRIGHTFOCUS' BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS OVERALL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR APPROVING THE ANNUAL BUDGET WHICH INCLUDES SALARY AND BENEFITS FOR ALL EMPLOYEES AT EVERY LEVEL INCLUDING NON-DIRECTOR OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES. ALL PAY ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE ON A YEARLY BASIS EFFECTIVE APRIL 1ST, THE BEGINNING OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FISCAL YEAR. BEFORE APPROVING THE COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT/CEO, THE BOARD DETERMINES THE TOTAL COMPENSATION TO BE PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE POSITION, RESPONSIBILITY AND QUALIFICATION OF THE POSITION HELD INCLUDING THE RESULT OF AN EVALUATION OF PRIOR PERFORMANCE FOR BRIGHTFOCUS, IF APPLICABLE. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS EVALUATED ANNUALLY BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS THROUGH THE USE OF AN IN-DEPTH GOAL ATTAINMENT STRUCTURE, (DEVELOPED WITH ADVICE FROM BOARD SOURCE) THAT INCLUDES A SELF ASSESSMENT AND A BOARD OF DIRECTORS ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION AGAINST SET GOALS, OUTCOMES AND DELIVERABLES. IN ADDITION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PERIODICALLY ENGAGES AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO OBTAIN AND CONSIDER APPROPRIATE DATA, INCLUDING A SALARY SURVEY, WHICH INCLUDES INFORMATION COMPILED FROM THE FEDERAL FORM 990 OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, CONCERNING COMPENSATION PAID TO CEOS IN LIKE CIRCUMSTANCES. IN MAKING THE DETERMINATION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL CONSIDER TOTAL COMPENSATION TO INCLUDE THE SALARY AND VALUE OF ALL BENEFITS PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN PAYMENT FOR SERVICES. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S COMPENSATION, THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING. THE BOARD SHALL SET FORTH THE BASIS FOR ITS DECISIONS WITH RESPECT TO COMPENSATION IN THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING AT WHICH THE DECISIONS ARE MADE, INCLUDING THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE EVALUATION AND THE BASIS FOR DETERMINING THAT THE INDIVIDUAL'S COMPENSATION WAS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE EVALUATION AND COMPARABILITY DATA. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS CHARGED WITH THE SETTING OF SALARIES OF ALL OTHER EMPLOYEES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A COMPENSATION STRUCTURE AND BUDGET APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND HUMAN RESOURCES REVIEW EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS THAT INCLUDE KEY EMPLOYEES, BY PERIODICALLY ENGAGING AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO CONDUCT COMPENSATION AND BENEFIT BENCHMARKING STUDIES THAT INCLUDE VARIOUS REGIONAL AND NATIONAL NON-PROFIT COMPENSATION REPORTS AND SURVEYS. COMPENSATION DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS INCLUDE THE REVIEW OF SELF AND SUPERVISORY EVALUATIONS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO SET INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	BRIGHTFOCUS MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ITS ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS, THE FEDERAL FORM 1023, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FEDERAL FORM 990 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. IN ADDITION, THE PUBLIC ALSO HAS ACCESS TO THE ANNUAL REPORT, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, AND FEDERAL FORM 990 ON OUR WEBSITE.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	RECOVERIES OF PRIOR YEAR GRANTS 208,198. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS 73,409.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARC AUREL BUSCHE, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019112S) IN VIVO CELLULAR IMAGING AND TREATMENT OF HIPPOCAMPAL DYSFUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER MODELS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL AIMS TO IDENTIFY THE EARLIEST NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVENTS UNDERLYING THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). WE WILL EXPLORE IN PARTICULAR THE EFFECTS THAT TAU AND AMYLOID PROTEINS SEEN IN THE BRAINS OF PATIENTS WITH AD HAVE ON THE ACTIVITY OF INTERACTING NERVE CELLS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, A BRAIN REGION WHICH IS KNOWN TO BE IMPORTANT FOR LEARNING AND MEMORY. WE WILL TEST AN INNOVATIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY AND EVALUATE ITS ABILITY TO REPAIR ABNORMAL ACTIVITIES OF NERVE CELLS. THESE STUDIES WILL NOT ONLY INCREASE OUR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF AD BUT ALSO ACCELERATE OUR THERAPEUTIC EFFORTS TO PROTECT NERVE CELLS AND RESCUE LEARNING AND MEMORY FUNCTIONS. GRANT AWARDED: $298,861, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON, LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019112S. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LUCA COLNAGHI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019296F) SUMOYLATION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND DEMENTIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S IS A DISORDER WITH NO CURE. ONE OF THE REASONS IS THE COMPLEXITY OF THE BRAIN, THE MAIN ORGAN AFFECTED BY THE DISEASE. WE ARE PROPOSING TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE BRAIN GETS SICK TO BE ABLE TO CREATE NEW TREATMENTS FOR IT. GRANT AWARDED: $180,000, ISTITUTO DI RICERCHE FARMACOLOGICHE MARIO NEGRI, MILAN, ITALY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019296F. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DAVID BERRON, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019401F) TRACKING THE EFFECTS OF AMYLOID AND TAU PATHOLOGY ON BRAIN SYSTEMS AND COGNITION IN EARLY ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A TREMENDOUS BURDEN AND THERE ARE STILL NO THERAPIES AVAILABLE. MOST CLINICAL STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED ON THE LATE DISEASE STAGES WHERE NEURONAL DAMAGE IS ALREADY SEVERE AND IRREVERSIBLE, HOWEVER, TO INTERVENE IN EARLIER STAGES, IT IS ESSENTIAL TO UNDERSTAND HOW AD AFFECTS BRAIN SYSTEMS EARLY IN THE DISEASE. BEYOND THAT, WE NEED BETTER MARKERS TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS AT AN EARLY ASYMPTOMATIC STAGE THAT WILL LIKELY DETERIORATE IN THE COMING YEARS AS WELL AS MEASURES OF TREATMENT RESPONSE TO ASSESS THE BENEFIT OF A TREATMENT. OUR FINDINGS WILL THUS HELP TO EASE FUTURE RESEARCH ON EARLY DISEASE STAGES, WILL MAKE IT EASIER FOR CLINICAL TRIALS TO FIND THE RIGHT PARTICIPANTS AND THUS HOPEFULLY HELP TO ULTIMATELY FIND A CURE FOR AD. GRANT AWARDED: $193,777, LUND UNIVERSITY, MALMO, SWEDEN FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019401F. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HENRIETTA NIELSEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019446S) AN APOE-LINKED PLASMA PROFILE AND RELEVANCE TO BEHAVIOR AND NEURODEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A DISEASE OF THE BRAIN AND FOR WHICH THE RISK IS DETERMINED BY A HERITABLE FACTOR, THE APOE4. WE WILL INVESTIGATE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF A SPECIFIC APOE4-LINKED BLOODBORNE MOLECULE ON DISEASE-RELATED CHANGES INSIDE THE BRAIN. A SUCCESSFUL DISCOVERY OF A FACTOR THAT CAN BE TARGETED IN THE BLOOD RATHER THAN THE IN BRAIN, FOR THE CURE OR PREVENTION OF AD, WOULD FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICATION TO PREVENT THE DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019446S. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GIACOMO KOCH, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019523S) PRECUNEUS RTMS: A NOVEL THERAPY FOR MILD ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENTS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A GLOBAL HEALTH CHALLENGE. OUR EFFORTS WILL AIM AT DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT ABLE TO MEET THE NEEDS OF PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES. THUS, THE PRIMARY AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFICACY OF A NON-INVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION, NAMELY REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (RTMS), ON MEMORY SKILLS IN PATIENTS WITH MILD AD. RTMS IS CONSIDERED A SAFE, WELL TOLERATED AND RELATIVELY CHEAP TREATMENT. THE APPEALING IDEA OF OUR INTERVENTION IS TO IMPROVE MEMORY BY DIRECTLY MODULATING THE ACTIVITY OF PRECUNEUS, KEY AREA LINKED TO MEMORY IMPAIRMENT. PATIENTS WILL BE TREATED WITH RTMS IN TWO PHASES: AN INTENSIVE PHASE AND A MAINTENANCE PHASE FOR A TOTAL OF SIX MONTHS. THIS PROJECT WILL PROVIDE A VALID TREATMENT TO SLOW THE WORSENING OF SYMPTOMS AND IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR THOSE WITH AD AND THEIR CAREGIVERS. GRANT AWARDED: $190,000, IRCCS SANTA LUCIA FOUNDATION, ROME, ITALY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019523S. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEROME MERTENS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019562S) AGE-DEPENDENT NEURONAL DE-DIFFERENTIATION IN ALZHEIMER'S PATIENT-DERIVED INDUCED NEURONS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: EVERYBODY AGES, AND UNFORTUNATELY, THIS BANAL FACT REPRESENTS A HUGE HEALTH THREAT FOR US, BECAUSE OLD AGE IS THE MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR MANY HUMAN DISEASES WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) LEADING THE WAY. OUR LABORATORY HAS RECENTLY FOUND A WAY TO REPROGRAM CULTURED SKIN CELLS FROM AD PATIENTS DIRECTLY INTO BRAIN NEURONS, WHICH ARE UNIQUE FOR EACH PATIENT AND ALSO BIOLOGICALLY 'REMEMBER' HOW OLD THE PATIENT WAS. BY LOOKING AT ALL GENES USED BY THESE CELLS, WE COULD ALREADY MAKE SOME EXCITING NEW DISCOVERIES, AS IT LOOKS LIKE THE NEURONS FROM AD PATIENTS SEEM TO HAVE PARTIALLY LOST THEIR MEMORY REGARDING THEIR OWN IDENTITY AND FUNCTION IN THE BODY; IN SOME WAYS SIMILAR TO CANCER CELLS. IN THIS PROJECT WE AIM TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THIS CONNECTION AND TRY TO FIND WAYS TO GIVE AD NEURONS THEIR OWN MEMORY BACK. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019562S.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CAMIN DEAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019586S) TREATING MEMORY LOSS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BY STRENGTHENING SYNAPSES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) LOSE THE ABILITY TO REMEMBER THINGS, ESPECIALLY THINGS THEY RECENTLY LEARNED. WE RECENTLY DISCOVERED THAT MICE MISSING A SPECIFIC MOLECULE CALLED SYNAPTOTAGMIN3, HAVE BETTER MEMORY THAN NORMAL MICE. WE NOW WANT TO TEST IF REMOVING THIS MOLECULE FROM MICE WITH AD WILL IMPROVE THEIR MEMORY. IF THIS WORKS, IT COULD BE A WAY TO TREAT HUMANS WITH AD DISEASE TO IMPROVE THEIR MEMORY. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, EUROPEAN NEUROSCIENCE INSTITUTE, GOETTINGEN, GERMANY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019586S. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DOMINIK PAQUET, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019604S) AN IPSC-DERIVED HUMAN BRAIN TISSUE MODEL FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE CURRENTLY DO NOT UNDERSTAND VERY WELL WHY THE BRAINS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATIENTS CONTAIN AGGREGATES OF PROTEINS AND HOW THIS LEADS TO DEATH OF MILLIONS OF NERVE CELLS OVER TIME. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE FORMATION OF THESE DISEASE SYMPTOMS WE WOULD LIKE TO INVESTIGATE THE BUILDING BLOCKS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR THE FORMATION OF AD PATHOLOGY. FOR THIS PURPOSE, WE WILL TURN HUMAN STEM CELLS INTO NERVE CELLS AND OTHER CELL TYPES FOUND IN THE HUMAN BRAIN, GROW THEM TOGETHER IN A DISH TO ASSEMBLE ARTIFICIAL HUMAN BRAIN TISSUE, AND INTRODUCE ALTERATIONS IN GENES AND CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY THAT ARE TYPICAL FOR PATIENTS WITH INHERITED FORMS OF AD. WE WILL INVESTIGATE IF THESE MODELS DISPLAY ALZHEIMER PATHOLOGY IN A DISH, AND THEN MODIFY THE COMPOSITION OF CELL TYPES OR THE FUNCTION OF CELLS AND THEIR GENES TO LEARN, WHICH FACTORS CAUSE PROTEIN AGGREGATION OR NERVE CELL DEATH IN AN AD BRAIN. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, INSTITUTE FOR STROKE AND DEMENTIA RESEARCH, LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITY, MUNICH, GERMANY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019604S. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH CONFERENCE SUPPORT. GRANT AWARDED: $98,845, THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ALZHEIMER'S & PARKINSON'S DISEASES, LISBON, PORTUGAL. REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ZHICHAO WU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019073) ENABLING TREATMENT TRIALS OF ATROPHIC AGE- RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION USING NOVEL MICROPERIMETRY TECHNIQUES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE LOSS OF TISSUE RESPONSIBLE FOR VISION IS A COMPLICATION OF THE CONDITION CALLED AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION THAT REMAINS UNTREATABLE. TO HELP THE DISCOVERY OF NEW TREATMENTS, BETTER WAYS OF MEASURING WHETHER A POTENTIAL TREATMENT IS ACTUALLY HAVING A MEANINGFUL POSITIVE EFFECT IS NEEDED. THIS PROJECT THEREFORE EXAMINES WHETHER A NEW METHOD TO MEASURE THE ABILITY OF TO PERCEIVE DIFFERENT LIGHT LEVELS WITHIN THE AREA WHERE TISSUE LOSS IS OCCURRING COULD HELP US BETTER EVALUATE PROMISING NEW TREATMENTS. GRANT AWARDED: $187,873, CENTRE FOR EYE RESEARCH AUSTRALIA, THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, EAST MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019073. REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PAUL BAIRD, BSC, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019093) RISK PREDICTION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION - CAN WE DO BETTER. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL BRINGS TOGETHER DIFFERENT AREAS OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY AND APPLIES ADVANCES IN HIGH THROUGHPUT COMPUTING AND BIG DATA ANALYSIS TO AID OUR UNDERSTANDING AND ADVANCEMENT OF TREATMENTS FOR THE EYE DISEASE OF AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD); PARTICULARLY THE DRY FORM OF DISEASE WHERE THERE IS CURRENTLY NO TREATMENT. IT WILL IDENTIFY GENES THAT INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AS WELL AS WITH OTHER FACTORS KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN INCREASED RISK OF AMD SUCH AS AGE, SEX OF AN INDIVIDUAL AND SMOKING. THE STATISTICAL FINDINGS WILL BE VERIFIED THROUGH MODELLING IN HUMAN CELLS DERIVED FROM AMD PATIENTS TO IDENTIFY HOW THESE GENES INFLUENCE DISEASE. THIS WORK WILL HAVE A PROFOUND IMPACT ON HOW WE THINK OF BOTH ADVANCED TYPES (THE DRY AND WET TYPES) OF AMD AND PROVIDE TARGETS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPIES THAT WILL IMPROVE PATIENT'S LIVES WITH THIS DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $200,000, CENTRE FOR EYE RESEARCH AUSTRALIA, THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, EAST MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019093.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: TUFTS UNIVERSITY - BOSTON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WONHEE KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019021F) IMPACT OF ELEVATED APP ON BACE1 SUBSTRATES PROCESSING. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: INDIVIDUALS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) HAVE TROUBLE REMEMBERING EVEN SIMPLE THINGS, LIKE THE NAME OF THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS. AD IS GENERALLY FOUND IN PEOPLE OLDER THAN 65 YEARS OF AGE, BUT SOME PEOPLE BORN WITH GENETIC RISK FACTORS, SUCH AS DOWN SYNDROME AND GENE MUTATIONS CAUSING FAMILIAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DEVELOP SYMPTOMS MUCH EARLIER. CURRENTLY THERE IS NO TREATMENT ABLE TO PREVENT OR CURE AD. PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES HAVE DEVELOPED A DRUG, CALLED BACE INHIBITOR, THAT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO PREVENT AND CURE AD. HOWEVER, IT IS STILL UNCERTAIN WHETHER THIS DRUG IS SAFE FOR AD PATIENTS. OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT THIS MEDICINE COULD CAUSE WORSE SIDE EFFECTS IN PEOPLE BORN WITH DOWN SYNDROME OR CARRYING A SPECIFIC GENETIC MUTATION CAUSING AD. THEREFORE, OUR GOAL IS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND AD CAUSED BY GENETIC RISK FACTORS, AND ULTIMATELY FIND A SAFE DRUG TREATMENT FOR AD PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019021F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICHELLE FARRELL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019029F) EARLY CONSEQUENCES OF SUBTHRESHOLD AMYLOID FOR TAU PATHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE DECLINE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DRUGS ARE CURRENTLY BEING TESTED THAT AIM TO PREVENT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BY INTERVENING IN INDIVIDUALS MORE THAN A DECADE BEFORE CLINICAL SYMPTOMS APPEAR WHO HAVE CLEAR EVIDENCE OF AD PATHOLOGY. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE BEGINNING STAGES OF AD AND HOW THE TWO HALLMARK AD PATHOLOGIES (AMYLOID PLAQUES AND TAU TANGLES) START TO BUILD UP IN THE BRAIN. THE PROPOSED PROJECT AIMS TO USE BRAIN IMAGING (PET SCANS) IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS TO VISUALIZE THE EARLIEST SIGNS OF AMYLOID PLAQUES, AND DETERMINE HOW THE BUILDUP OF THESE AMYLOID PLAQUES CONTRIBUTES TO THE APPEARANCE OF TAU TANGLES INSIDE BRAIN CELLS AND SUBTLE CHANGES IN MEMORY AND THINKING. THIS RESEARCH WILL PROVIDE URGENTLY NEEDED INFORMATION ABOUT THE EARLY STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF AD, AND HELP THE NEXT GENERATION OF PREVENTION TRIALS TARGET INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE AT AN OPTIMAL POINT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AD FOR SUCCESSFUL INTERVENTION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019029F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HEMRAJ DODIYA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019032F) MICROBIOME INFLUENCES MICROGLIA PHENOTYPES AND AMYLOID-BETA AMYLOIDOSIS IN A SEX-SPECIFIC MANNER. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) FEATURES BRAIN DEPOSITION OF AMYLOID-BETA PROTEIN, FORMING PLAQUES, AND INFLAMMATION LEADING TO DEMENTIA. EMERGING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT MEN AND WOMEN EXHIBIT DIFFERENT GUT MICROBIOTA WHICH REGULATES THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM AND INFLUENCES THEIR BRAIN FUNCTION. SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS WILL ASSESS THE ROLE OF GENDER-SPECIFIC MICROBES IN REGULATING INFLAMMATION AND AMYLOID-BETA DEPOSITION USING MOUSE MODELS OF AD. KNOWLEDGE GAINED WILL ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF AD SUSCEPTIBILITY IN MEN AND WOMEN LINKING HOW DIFFERENT GUT MICROBES EDUCATES IMMUNE SYSTEM AFFECTING DISEASE COURSE, AND IDENTIFY NOVEL POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS TO TREAT AD IN MEN AND WOMEN SEPARATELY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019032F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MCLEAN HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DARRICK BALU, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019034S) GLIAL D-SERINE IN THE AMYGDALA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PROGRESSES, INFLAMMATION CHANGES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICULAR CELLS IN THE BRAIN CALLED, ASTROCYTES. THESE TRANSFORMED ASTROCYTES, WHICH ARE CLASSIFIED AS INFLAMMATORY ASTROCYTES, RELEASE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS THAT ARE TOXIC TO ANOTHER POPULATION OF BRAIN CELLS, CALLED NEURONS. THIS GRANT AIMS TO UNDERSTAND HOW ONE OF THE MOLECULES RELEASED BY REACTIVE ASTROCYTES KILLS NEURONS, IN HOPES OF FINDING NEW DRUGS TO TREAT PATIENTS WITH AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019034S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HOSUNG KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019052S) PREDICTION OF BRAIN BIOLOGICAL AGE AND ACCELERATION OF AGING IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING LARGE DATASETS OF EXISTING NEUROIMAGING DATA AND DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSED RESEARCH SEEKS TO FIRST PREDICT PHYSIOLOGICAL BRAIN AGE (PBA) FOR INDIVIDUALS IN HEALTHY CONDITION BY LEVERAGE DEEP LEARNING-BASED MODELING WITH LARGE SIZE BRAIN MRI DATASETS. THE PRELIMINARY DATA SHOWED THAT THE CURRENT MODEL IS VERY ACCURATE IN THIS TASK WITH THE MEAN ABSOLUTE ERROR (MAE) OF 3 YEARS. (I.E., THE PREDICTED AGE AND THE CHRONOLOGICAL AGE OF A HEALTHY SUBJECT ARE NOT DIFFERENT BY MORE THAN 3 YEARS). THE MODEL TRAINED ON HEALTHY POPULATION WILL BE APPLIED TO THE COHORTS OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (MCI) AND AD IN ORDER TO ACCESS THE ACCELERATION OF AGING, MEANING THAT THE MODEL WOULD SHOW INCREASED AGE IN THESE COHORTS BY CAPTURING THE FASTER BRAIN APPEARANCE CHANGES ON MRI DUE TO MCI OR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019052S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MASATO MAESAKO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019056F) VISUALIZATION OF AMYLOID-BETA PRODUCTION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AMYLOID-BETA (AB) IS A KEY PLAYER IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. HOWEVER, IT IS TOTALLY UNCLEAR WHICH CELLS PRODUCE AB AND WHERE WITHIN CELLS THIS PRODUCTION OCCURS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019056F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LUKASZ JOACHIMIAK, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019060S) STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF TAU AGGREGATION IN DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE TAU PROTEIN DEPOSITS IN THE BRAIN OF ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS. THE TAU PROTEIN NORMALLY ADOPTS A "GOOD" SHAPE AND WITH AGE CONVERTS INTO A "BAD" SHAPE. WE AIM TO UNDERSTAND HOW TAU CHANGES INTO THE "BAD" SHAPE TO HELP UNDERSTAND HOW TO DETECT THIS IN PATIENTS AND DEVELOP THERAPIES TO PREVENT IT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019060S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NICHOLAS VARVEL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019077S) SEIZURES PROMOTE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY VIA MONOCYTES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS AND WILL CONTINUE TO BE A MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEM IN THE COMING DECADES. IN ADDITION TO MEMORY LOSS, A CERTAIN SUBSET OF THOSE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ALSO SUFFER FROM SEIZURES. WE HAVE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED A IMMUNE CELL TYPE, CALLED A MONOCYTE, THAT ENTERS THE BRAIN AFTER SEIZURES. THE STUDIES ARE DESIGNED TO DETERMINE SEIZURE-INDUCED MONOCYTE ENTRY INTO THE BRAIN ENHANCES THE PROGRESSION OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019077S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HOUSTON METHODIST RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALIREZA FARIDAR, MD, ENTITLED: (A2019083F) CHARACTERIZING ADAPTIVE IMMUNE MECHANISM IN ALZHEIMER'S: A KEY TO THERAPY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION MIGHT PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD). REGULATORY T CELLS (TREGS) ARE THE MAJOR IMMUNOMODULATORY CELL IN THE BLOOD THAT MIGHT LOSE THEIR FUNCTION IN AD. FOR THE FIRST TIME IN AD, DYSFUNCTIONAL AD TREGS WILL BE EXPANDED IN CULTURE DISH TO RESTORE THEIR SUPPRESSIVE FUNCTION AND THE IMPACT OF THESE EXPANDED/NORMALIZED TREGS WILL BE EVALUATED ON AD PATHOLOGY. THIS PROJECT COULD FORM THE RATIONAL TO APPLY REGULATORY T CELL EXPANSION AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN AD PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019083F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HUDSON ALPHA INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NICK COCHRAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019129F) MECHANISMS OF MAPT REGULATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE WOULD LIKE TO FIND OUT HOW AN IMPORTANT GENE FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) CALLED MAPT IS TURNED ON IN NEURONS, THE CELLS IN YOUR BRAIN THAT CONTROL YOUR THINKING. THIS IMPORTANT GENE MAPT IS THE INSTRUCTION SET FOR A PROTEIN CALLED TAU. TAU CAUSES PROBLEMS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, AND SCIENTISTS THINK THAT REDUCING TAU MIGHT BE HELPFUL AS A TREATMENT. IF WE CAN FIGURE OUT HOW MAPT IS TURNED ON IN NEURONS, IT MIGHT HELP US KNOW HOW WE COULD TURN IT OFF, WHICH WOULD REDUCE TAU AND MIGHT HELP PEOPLE WITH AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019129F.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MATTHIAS TRUTTMANN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019157S) THE IMPACT AND MECHANISTIC BASIS OF CHAPERONE AMPYLATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: PROTEINS ARE SMALL PARTICLES THAT ENABLE US TO THINK AND STORE MEMORIES. AS WE GET OLDER, THESE PROTEINS BECOME LESS AND LESS STABLE AND WILL OCCASIONALLY ENGAGE IN THE FORMATION OF PROTEIN CLUMPS WITHIN CELLS. SOME OF THESE PROTEIN CLUMPS ARE VERY TOXIC TO NEURONS AND WILL DAMAGE OUR BRAINS, THUS TRIGGERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. WE AIM TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE PROCESSES THAT PREVENT THE FORMATION OF SUCH PROTEIN CLUMPS AND SEEK TO LEARN WHY THESE PROCESSES BECOME LESS EFFICIENT IN THE OLDER POPULATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019157S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BECKY CARLYLE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019182S) INTEGRATED MULTIMODAL *OMICS OF NEUROPEPTIDE PROTEOFORMS TO ASSESS THEIR SUITABILITY AS BIOMARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A COMPLICATED DISEASE WITH NO EFFECTIVE TREATMENT YET AVAILABLE. AD IS CURRENTLY DEFINED BY THE ABUNDANCE OF TWO INSOLUBLE PROTEINS, AMYLOID-BETA AND TAU, BUT THE AMOUNT OF THESE PROTEINS DOES NOT ACCURATELY PREDICT COGNITIVE PROBLEMS IN PEOPLE WITH AD. RECENT STUDIES HAVE FOUND THAT NEUROPEPTIDES, A GROUP OF SECRETED PROTEINS THAT CAN BE CUT DOWN INTO MANY DIFFERENT, SHORTER PEPTIDES, ARE WIDELY DYSREGULATED IN AD, AND MIGHT PLAY ROLES IN THE AD DISEASE PROCESS. IN THIS PROPOSAL WE INVESTIGATE WHETHER NEUROPEPTIDES MAY BE USED TO MORE ACCURATELY ASSESS AD PATIENTS, AND WHETHER SUPPLEMENTATION WITH THESE PEPTIDES MIGHT EVENTUALLY PROVE A NEW POTENTIAL THERAPY FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019182S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZHEN ZHAO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019218S) UNDERSTANDING THE CEREBROVASCULAR LINK BETWEEN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF INJURY DEATHS AND DISABILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE MOST ROBUST ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). VASCULAR IMPAIRMENT IS ALSO A HALLMARK OF THE PATHOLOGICAL EVENTS AFTER TBI, INCLUDING LOCAL EDEMA, BLOOD-FLOW REDUCTION AND BREAKDOWN OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, WHICH MAY SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE AD RISK. THEREFORE, IT IS PLAUSIBLE TO DRAW A CEREBROVASCULAR LINK BETWEEN TBI AND AD. HERE WE PROPOSE TO ADDRESS THE PAUCITY OF RESEARCH IN THE CEREBROVASCULAR CONNECTION BETWEEN TBI AND AD, AND INVESTIGATE THE CEREBROVASCULAR IMPAIRMENT INDUCED BY TBI AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AD IN ANIMAL MODELS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019218S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER SAN ANTONIO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WENYAN SUN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019223F) INVESTIGATING PIWIL AND PIRNAS IN TAU TRANSGENIC MICE AND HUMAN TAUOPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: I RECENTLY IDENTIFIED DEPLETION OF PIWI/PIRNAS-INDUCED ABERRANT TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT ACTIVATION AS A PHARMACOLOGICALLY TARGETABLE, MECHANISTIC DRIVER OF NEUROTOXICITY IN TAU TRANSGENIC DROSOPHILA. SINCE I REPORTED THAT ABERRANT TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT TRANSCRIPTION IS CONSERVED IN HUMAN TAUOPATHY, I NEXT DETERMINE WHETHER MACHINERY OF TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING MEDIATED BY PIWIL AND PIRNAS IS DYSFUNCTIONAL IN TAU TRANSGENIC MICE. I WILL FURTHER DETERMINE IF PIRNAS THAT IDENTIFIED IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ARE DIRECTLY BOUND TO PIWIL AND DETERMINE IF THEY ARE RELEVANT TO HUMAN TAUOPATHY. IF OUR HYPOTHESIS IS CORRECT, DYSREGULATED PIWIL/PIRNAS WILL BE A POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL TARGET OF A REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR TO SUPPRESS TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT EXPRESSION AND CONSEQUENT NEUROTOXICITY ON TAU TRANSGENIC MICE AND FUTURE CLINICAL TRIALS ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019223F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRYNDON OLESON, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019250F) ROLE OF POLYPHOSPHATE IN AGING AND AGE-RELATED DISEASES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS AN AGE-RELATED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY THE FORMATION AND DEPOSITION OF AMYLOID-BETA PLAQUES. WE HAVE RECENTLY DISCOVERED THAT THE HIGHLY-CONSERVED POLYMER POLYPHOSPHATE PROTECTS CELLS AND ORGANISMS FROM THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF AMYLOIDOGENIC PROTEINS SUCH AS AMYLOID-BETA. IN THIS APPLICATION, WE WILL EXAMINE HOW LEVELS OF POLYPHOSPHATE CHANGE WITH AGING AND DETERMINE HOW POLYPHOSPHATE MODIFIES AMYLOID-BETA TOXICITY IN AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019250F.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GARRETT GIBBONS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019263F) SELECTIVE DETECTION OF PATHOLOGICAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD)-TAU IN HUMAN BIOFLUIDS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THERE ARE CURRENTLY NO BLOOD TESTS TO DETERMINE IF A PERSON HAS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). IT CAN BE DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE WHETHER A PERSON WITH DEMENTIA HAS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, A DIFFERENT NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE, OR BOTH SIMULTANEOUSLY. WE CREATED NEW ANTIBODY, NAMED GT-38, THAT DETECTS A FORM OF TAU PROTEIN PRESENT IN AD BUT NOT OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. WE WILL USE GT-38 TO DEVELOP A TEST FOR BLOOD OR CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID TO DISTINGUISH AD FROM OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019263F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALEXANDRE BONNIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019279S) PRENATAL DISRUPTION OF BLOOD-PLACENTA/BRAIN BARRIER FORMATION PROGRAMS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISK LATER IN LIFE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RECENT ANIMAL MODEL STUDIES SUGGEST A CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN INFLAMMATION DURING EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND RISK OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-LIKE NEUROPATHOLOGY LATER IN LIFE. IN LIGHT OF RECENT RESEARCH DEMONSTRATING THAT BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER BREAKDOWN IN THE ADULT BRAIN IS A CORE CAUSE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT INFLAMMATION-MEDIATED DISRUPTION OF BLOOD-PLACENTA AND BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIERS ARE KEY FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF AD. THIS PROJECT, WHICH EXPLORE UNDERSTUDIED MECHANISMS AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO AD ETIOLOGY, WILL PROVIDE INVALUABLE INSIGHTS INTO THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019279S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANNA PIMENOVA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019299F) MODULATION OF MICROGLIAL FUNCTION BY SPI1 (PU.1) IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ANALYSES OF GENETIC INFORMATION IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) HAVE IDENTIFIED A MULTITUDE OF INTRINSIC FACTORS THAT MODULATE OUR PREDISPOSITION TO DEVELOP DEMENTIA. THESE FACTORS ARE VERY COMMON IN HUMAN POPULATIONS AND TOGETHER WITH RARE FAMILIAL CASES OF AD SUGGEST THAT BRAIN INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTES TO DISEASE PROGRESSION. THIS PROJECT WILL ELUCIDATE THE PROTECTIVE FEATURES OF IMMUNE CELL TYPES IN THE BRAIN AND DEFINE MOLECULES THAT REGULATE BRAIN RESPONSE TO DISEASE. WITH THIS NEW INFORMATION WE WILL BE ABLE TO PROPOSE INTERVENTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR AD AND OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019299F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SYED ABID HUSSAINI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019307S) DOES PATHOLOGY IN LOCUS COERULEUS TRIGGER ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE? INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE LOCUS COERULEUS (LC) OF THE BRAIN IS IMPORTANT FOR SLEEP AND MEMORY, AND HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE THE FIRST REGION TO CONTAIN A BAD PROTEIN CALLED TAU IN THEIR NEURONS, WHICH CAUSES ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. BY STUDYING ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF LC NEURONS IN ANIMALS PERFORMING MEMORY TASKS AND DURING SLEEP, WE WILL FIND OUT IF TAU IS PREVENTING LC TO FUNCTION NORMALLY, AND CAUSES SLEEP AND MEMORY PROBLEMS. IN ADDITION, WE WILL MAKE LC NEURONS SENSITIVE TO LIGHT, SO THAT WE CAN CONTROL THEIR ACTIVITY BY SHINING LIGHT AND SEE IF THIS RESTORE ITS FUNCTION AND REVERSE SLEEP AND MEMORY PROBLEMS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019307S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY THOMAS KUKAR, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019355S) UNDERSTANDING LYSOSOME DYSFUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE HEALTH AND SURVIVAL OF NEURONS IN THE BRAIN IS DEPENDENT ON A RECYCLING PATHWAY CARRIED OUT BY LYSOSOMES, CELLULAR ORGANELLES THAT HELP DEGRADE AND RECYCLE PROTEINS. DEFECTS IN THE FUNCTION OF LYSOSOMES ARE INCREASINGLY THOUGHT TO BE INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). WE ARE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHY DECREASES IN A PROTEIN CALLED PROGRANULIN IMPAIR LYSOSOME FUNCTION AND INCREASE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING AD. THIS RESEARCH WILL HELP OUR LONG TERM EFFORT TO DEVELOP DRUGS TO TREAT AD BY CORRECTING LYSOSOME FUNCTION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019355S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MEMORIAL SLOAN-KETTERING CANCER CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EITAN WONG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019356F) THE CIRCADIAN REGULATION OF GAMMA-SECRETASE ACTIVITY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A PROGRESSIVE AND FATAL NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE WHICH BECOMES INCREASINGLY PREVALENT WORLDWIDE WITH NO EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS AVAILABLE CAUSING A HEALTHCARE PROBLEM OF EPIDEMIC PROPORTION. ALTHOUGH THE CAUSE OF AD IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD, THE DISEASE PROGRESSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH BETA-AMYLOID PEPTIDE SENILE PLAQUES AND SLEEPING DISORDER, SUGGESTING MALFUNCTION IN INTERNAL BIOLOGICAL CLOCK AND ALTERATION OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. INTERESTINGLY, OUR INITIAL DATA DISCOVERED THAT GAMMA-SECRETASE ACTIVITY, THE ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR AMYLOID PLAQUES GENERATION, ALSO EXHIBITS A DAILY CIRCADIAN OSCILLATION. IN THIS PROPOSAL WE AIM TO REVEAL THE MOLECULAR INTERACTION BETWEEN CIRCADIAN FUNCTION AND GAMMA-SECRETASE ACTIVITY AND THE CONNECTION TO AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019356F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANNA ORR, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019363S) SELECTIVE BLOCKADE OF MITOCHONDRIAL FREE RADICALS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGING AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACCUMULATION OF FREE RADICALS, ALSO CALLED OXIDATIVE STRESS, IN THE BRAIN AND OTHER ORGANS. OXIDATIVE STRESS CAN DAMAGE CELLS AND ORGANS, AND PROMOTE DISEASE AND IMPAIRMENTS IN BRAIN FUNCTION. WE PREVIOUSLY DISCOVERED SMALL MOLECULES THAT CAN SELECTIVELY BLOCK SPECIFIC CAUSES OF OXIDATIVE STRESS WITHOUT AFFECTING OTHER NORMAL CELL FUNCTIONS. OUR PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL TEST WHETHER THESE MOLECULES HAVE THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019363S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KEI IGARASHI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019380S) RESCUING MEMORY USING CELL-TYPE SPECIFIC REACTIVATION OF MEMORY NETWORK ACTIVITY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DRS. O'KEEFE, MOSER AND MOSER, THREE NOBEL PRIZE RESEARCHERS, PREVIOUSLY FOUND THAT BRAIN CELLS CALLED "PLACE CELLS AND "GRID CELLS" ARE IMPORTANT TO KEEP OUR MEMORY. ARE THESE CELLS BROKEN IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATIENTS? IF SO, DOES FIXING OF THESE CELLS HEAL MEMORY LOST IN AD PATIENTS? WE WILL ANSWER TO THESE QUESTIONS USING ANIMAL MODELS OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019380S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, TAUB INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GUSTAVO RODRIGUEZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019382F) MACHINE LEARNING & IMPAIRED SPATIAL DECODING IN AD MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: COMPLEX INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE BRAIN IS POSSIBLE DUE TO THE COMBINED STRENGTH AND DIVERSE TALENTS OF LARGE NUMBERS OF NEURONS WORKING TOGETHER. IN MOUSE MODELS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATHOLOGY, AMYLOID BETA LEADS TO OVERACTIVE NEURON SIGNALING AND POOR SPATIAL INFORMATION PROCESSING, WHICH MAY BE AGGRAVATED BY TAU BUILD-UP. USING SOPHISTICATED RECORDING TECHNIQUES, WE WILL MEASURE THE CONTENT AND QUALITY OF SPATIAL INFORMATION TRANSMITTED BY LARGE NUMBERS OF NEURONS IN BRAINS CONTAINING AMYLOID BETA AND TAU PATHOLOGY. DYSFUNCTIONAL NEURONAL POPULATIONS WILL BE SELECTIVELY TARGETED TO CORRECT THEIR OVERACTIVE FIRING PATTERNS, WITH THE OVERALL GOAL OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SPATIAL INFORMATION CARRIED BY LARGE NUMBERS OF NEURONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019382F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANA BATISTA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019468F) EFFECT OF TTR GENE THERAPY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: A PROTEIN CALLED TTR WILL BE STUDIED TO FIND OUT WHETHER IT CAN BE USED TO TREAT PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). TTR HAS BEEN SHOWN TO HAVE AN EFFECT IN MICE WHO SHOW SYMPTOMS LIKE THOSE OF AD IN HUMANS. IT IS UNKNOWN WHETHER TTR WILL HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE DISEASE IN HUMANS AS WELL. DIFFERENT TYPES OF TTR, WHERE IT IS GIVEN, AND WHEN IT IS GIVEN WILL BE STUDIED. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019468F.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARIA CALVO-RODRIGUEZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019488F) DYSFUNCTION OF ASTROCYTIC MITOCHONDRIA IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WITH THIS PROJECT, WE WANT TO CLARIFY IF MITOCHONDRIA MOBILITY, DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS ARE ALTERED IN ASTROCYTES IN THE PATHOLOGY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), AND EVENTUALLY DETERMINE THE CONTRIBUTION OF MITOCHONDRIA AND ASTROCYTES TO THIS DISEASE. WE WILL APPROACH THIS ISSUE BY TRACKING MITOCHONDRIA MOVEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION WITH THE GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN AND THE CA2+ DYNAMICS WITH A REPORTER MOLECULE TARGETED TO MITOCHONDRIA. IMAGING IN THE BRAIN OF LIVING ANIMALS USING MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY WILL BE PERFORMED IN MOUSE MODELS OF AD. ONCE WE KNOW THIS SEQUENCE, WE PLAN TO REVERSE THE MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION WITH APPROPRIATE DRUGS, SUGGESTING NOVEL MOLECULAR TARGETS FOR THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT THAT CAN BE USED IN PEOPLE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019488F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUSTYNA DOBROWOLSKA ZAKARIA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019520S) DIFFERENTIATION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SUBGROUPS USING SAPP-BETA AND SAPP-ALPHA AS CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BIOMARKERS OF BACE1 ACTIVITY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OUR GOAL IS TO MEASURE HOW QUICKLY AN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATIENT'S BRAIN MAKES A SPECIFIC PROTEIN, AND COMPARE THIS TO A HEALTHY PATIENT'S BRAIN, TO DETERMINE IF IN AD THERE IS MORE OF THIS PROTEIN BEING MADE THAN NORMAL. ALSO, THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT NOT EVERY PATIENT'S AD HAS THE SAME CAUSE. SO ADDITIONALLY, WE WANT TO USE THE SPECIFIC PROTEIN, AND OTHER PROTEINS ASSOCIATED WITH AD, TO DETERMINE IF THERE ARE SUBGROUPS WITHIN AD PATIENTS, THAT MIGHT RESPOND IN DIFFERENT WAYS TO DRUGS THAT TARGET AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019520S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MIN-KYOO SHIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019551F) INVESTIGATION OF THE NOVEL ROLE OF 15-HYDROXYPROSTAGLANDIN DEHYDROGENASE IN NEURODEGENERATION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS ONE OF THE MOST HIGHLY PREVALENT AND DEVASTATING CONDITIONS IN SOCIETY, AND THERE ARE CURRENTLY NO TREATMENTS THAT PREVENT OR SLOW DISEASE PROGRESSION. WE HAVE DISCOVERED A NEW BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM GOVERNING NEURODEGENERATION IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF 15-PROSTAGLANDIN DEHYDROGENASE IN THE BRAIN THAT CONTROLS LEVELS OF PROSTAGLANDIN E2, AN ENDOGENOUS AGENT THAT PROTECTS NEURONS. WE ALSO HAVE PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE THAT LEVELS OF 15-PGDH ARE PATHOLOGICALLY INCREASED IN ANIMAL MODELS OF AD, AS WELL AS HUMAN AD BRAIN. THIS PROJECT WILL RIGOROUSLY DETERMINE WHETHER THIS ABERRANT INCREASE IN 15-PGDH PLAYS A CAUSATIVE ROLE IN NERVE CELL DEATH AND BEHAVIORAL LEARNING PROBLEMS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AD, AND COULD THUS IDENTIFY A NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019551F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY XIAO CHEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019566F) DISSECTING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ASTROGLIOSIS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A HORRIBLE DISEASE WITH NO CURE. IN THE BRAINS OF THESE PATIENTS, A TYPE OF CELLS CALLED ASTROCYTES ARE TURNED INTO BAD CELLS AND START HARMING THE BRAIN. WE ARE DEVELOPING A CUTTING-EDGE METHOD TO STUDY THIS IN MICE, HOPEFULLY, WE WILL FIND A DRUG THAT CAN HELP TURN ASTROCYTES TO DO GOOD AGAIN TO HELP AD PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019566F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ARJUN MASURKAR, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019602S) THALAMIC CONTROL OF MEMORY IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MEMORY FAILS EARLY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BECAUSE THE ENTORHINAL CORTEX, A BRAIN AREA FIRST AFFECTED BY THE DISEASE, CANNOT PROPERLY COMMUNICATE WITH THE HIPPOCAMPUS, THE SECOND BRAIN AREA AFFECTED BY THE DISEASE. HOWEVER, THERE IS ANOTHER BRAIN REGION, THE THALAMUS THAT COMMUNICATES WITH THE HIPPOCAMPUS BUT IS NOT AFFECTED AT EARLY STAGES. HERE WE LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR POSSIBLY STIMULATING THE THALAMUS TO COMPENSATE FOR ENTORHINAL-HIPPOCAMPAL MISCOMMUNICATION, BY FIRST DECIPHERING THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE "WIRING DIAGRAM" BETWEEN THALAMUS AND HIPPOCAMPUS, AND THEN EXAMINING HOW THIS FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY CHANGES IN AD. THIS WILL PROVIDE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF THE THALAMUS IN NORMAL MEMORY, AND SET THE STAGE FOR FUTURE WORK AIMED AT PRECISELY TUNING THESE THALAMIC INPUTS TO ENHANCE MEMORY IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY STAGE AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019602S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BEDE PORTZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019612F) RNA DISAGGREGASES AS REGULATORS OF RNA PHASE-SEPARATION IN C9ORF72 FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA IS CAUSED BY EXPANDED REPEATS IN THE C9ORF72 GENE, WHICH ENCODE TOXIC REPEAT RNAS THAT AGGREGATE, FORMING RNA FOCI. I WILL ELUCIDATE THE MACHINERY OVERWHELMED BY C9ORF72 REPEAT EXPANSION BY TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS THAT DDX3X IS AN RNA DISAGGREGASE CAPABLE OF DISSOLVING THESE FOCI, AND BY SCREENING FOR NEW PROTEIN MODIFIERS OF C9ORF72 RNA FOCI IN LIVE CELLS. THIS PROPOSAL WILL REVEAL BASIC RNA BIOLOGY AND IDENTIFY NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019612F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: TEXAS A & M UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY YUXIANG SUN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019630S) GHRELIN RECEPTOR MEDIATED NEUROINFLAMMATION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: LOW-GRADE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS A HALLMARK OF AGING, AND INFLAMMATION IN THE BRAIN CAUSES AND WORSENS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). WE HAVE EVIDENCE THAT SUPPRESSION OF A GENE CALLED GHS-R IN IMMUNE CELLS PRODUCES AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT IN THE BRAIN AND IMPROVES SPATIAL MEMORY. THE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF GHS-R IN IMMUNE CELLS IN AD. THIS HAS POTENTIAL TO LEAD TO NOVEL INTERVENTIONS FOR COMBATING AD BY COMBATING INFLAMMATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019630S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PETER ABADIR, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019634S) CHARACTERIZING BRAIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS STUDY IS DESIGNED TO EVALUATE SPECIFIC FACTORS THAT MAY PLAY A ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA. ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS 1, 2 AND 4 (AT1R, AT2R AND AT4R) ARE FOUND ON BRAIN CELLS AND PLAY AN IMPORTANT FUNCTION IN BRAIN VITAL FUNCTIONS. THIS STUDY WILL EXAMINE CHANGES IN THESE RECEPTORS IN BRAIN CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA. WE WILL ALSO STUDY THE IMPACT OF A CLASS OF DRUGS THAT TARGET THESE RECEPTORS AND COMMONLY USED TO TREAT HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019634S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC, JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2017563) MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION JOURNAL. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE PARTNER WITH BIOMED CENTRAL'S OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL, MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (MN), WHICH IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BRIGHTFOCUS. THE OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING MODEL PROVIDES FREE ARTICLES TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC, AS WELL AS SCIENTISTS, CLINICIANS, AND OTHER HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS. MN PUBLISHES PEER-REVIEWED, ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE CAUSES OF EURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S OR PARKINSON'S AND ON THE PRE-CLINICAL TESTING OF POTENTIAL THERAPIES FOR THESE DEVASTATING DISEASES. MN HAS AN IMPACT SCORE OF 6.43 (WITH A 5-YEAR IMPACT FACTOR OF 7.08, REFLECTING THE SUSTAINED IMPACT OF OUR JOURNAL), AND REMAINS THE HIGHEST RANKED OPEN ACCESS NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL IN THE JOURNAL CITATION REPORTS.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF DENVER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANN CHARLOTTE GRANHOLM-BENTLEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018010) INTERNATIONAL BRAIN BANK FOR DOWN SYNDROME-RELATED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE FOCUS OF THIS SPECIAL PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A STRONG COLLABORATE NETWORK BETWEEN SIX DIFFERENT RESEARCH GROUPS FOCUSED ON PROVIDING MUCH-NEEDED INFORMATION ABOUT THE DOWN SYNDROME POPULATION, OF WHICH AS MANY AS 80 PERCENT HAVE ALZHEIMER'S PATHOLOGY BY THE TIME THEY ARE IN THEIR 50S AND 60S. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE MANY CENTERS AND RESEARCHERS THAT FOCUS ON ALZHEIMER'S IN THE GENERAL POPULATION, FEW OF THEM FOCUS ON PEOPLE WITH DOWN SYNDROME. THE INFORMATION GENERATED BY OUR PROJECT WILL BE OF GREAT HELP TO THOSE WITH DOWN SYNDROME AND THOSE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2018010. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JILL GOLDSTEIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018607) DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL ALGORITHM TO IDENTIFY RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IN EARLY MIDLIFE INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROJECT WILL SUPPORT THE LAUNCHING OF A COMPREHENSIVE EFFORT (INTEGRATING CLINICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BRAIN BIOLOGY TRAITS) TO IDENTIFY IN EARLY MIDLIFE BIOMARKERS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISK INFORMED BY SEX DIFFERENCES IN BRAIN AGING AND MEMORY DECLINE. THIS IS ONE OF THE FIRST PROJECTS TO COMPREHENSIVELY ASSESS MULTIPLE PREDICTED BIOMARKERS FOR ALZHEIMER'S RISK IN MIDDLE AGE AND RELATE THEM TO BRAIN SCANS, PHYSIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND CLINICAL DATA WITH A SPECIFIC FOCUS ON INCORPORATING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN IN ALZHEIMER'S DEVELOPMENT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2018607. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KEVIN CHAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019103) THE ROLE OF BRAIN WASTE CLEARANCE SYSTEM IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RECENTLY, A NEW HYPOTHESIS EMERGED THAT SUGGESTS THE INVOLVEMENTS OF THE BRAIN WASTE CLEARANCE SYSTEM CALLED GLYMPHATIC SYSTEM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF GLAUCOMA, YET ITS EXACT ROLE REMAINS LARGELY UNEXPLORED, PARTLY DUE TO LIMITED IMAGING METHODS TO MONITOR THE GLYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND THE ASSOCIATED STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE VISUAL SYSTEM. THIS STUDY WILL ADDRESS THIS CRITICAL ISSUE, BY DETERMINING THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DYNAMICS ALONG THE OPTIC NERVE AND THE CORRESPONDING VISUAL SYSTEM IMPAIRMENTS USING ADVANCED, MULTI-PARAMETRIC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN SEVERAL EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS INVOLVING CHANGES IN EYE PRESSURE, BRAIN PRESSURE AND WATER CHANNEL FUNCTION. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY WILL NOT ONLY PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE BRAIN INVOLVEMENTS THAT OCCUR DURING THE PROCESS OF GLAUCOMATOUS NEURODEGENERATION, BUT ALSO ARE LIKELY TO SUGGEST NEW STRATEGIES FOR TARGETING GLAUCOMA TREATMENT BEYOND LOWERING EYE PRESSURE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019103. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ELDON GEISERT, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019111) ROBUST OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION: A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RECENT STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT THE ADULT OPTIC NERVE IS CAPABLE OF TRUE AXONAL REGENERATION IN THE MOUSE. FOR THIS REGENERATION TO BE APPLICABLE TO HUMANS, THE REGENERATING AXONS MUST TRAVEL A CONSIDERABLY LONGER DISTANCE. OUR GROUP HAS DEVELOPED A MOUSE MODEL SYSTEM THAT WILL ALLOW US TO IDENTIFY GENES THAT WILL INCREASE THE NUMBER OF REGENERATING AXONS BY AT LEAST FOUR TIMES AND THE DISTANCE THE AXONS GROW BY AT LEAST THREE TIMES. IF FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY IS TO OCCUR IN HUMANS WE MUST INCREASE THE NUMBER OF REGENERATING AXONS AND THEIR RATE OF GROWTH. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019111. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY CHAN PARK, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019179) SMALL MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS FOR GLAUCOMA THERAPY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE FLUID IN GLAUCOMA PATIENT EYES HAS HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF A CHEMICAL THAN THE FLUID IN HEALTHY EYES. THIS CHEMICAL, A GROWTH FACTOR, TRANSFORMS TISSUES TO BE STIFFER AND THE TISSUE STIFFNESS IS KNOWN TO INCREASE THE CHANCE OF GLAUCOMA, THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS. WE PROPOSE TO TEST A NEW DRUG (CALLED "REMODILINS") TO SEE IF WE CAN MAKE THOSE STIFFENED TISSUE BACK TO SOFTER STATE. IF REMODILIN DOES WHAT WE EXPECT IT TO DO, THEN REMODILINS COULD BE A NEW GLAUCOMA DRUG. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019179. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ALEJANDRA BOSCO, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019219) COMPLEMENT-TARGETED THERAPY TO RESTRICT GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A DISEASE THAT DEGRADES VISION OVER TIME. IN THE RETINA, NEURONS DECLINE AND DIE, DESPITE THE IMMUNE RESPONSES OF SUPPORTING GLIAL CELLS. WE HAVE DEVELOPED A NEW POTENTIAL TREATMENT THAT REBALANCES IMMUNE RESPONSES AND CONTROLS GLAUCOMA IN OLD MICE, AND WILL DEFINE IF IT MAY CURE PATIENTS BY TREATING SEVERAL EXPERIMENTAL MODELS. ALSO, WE WILL STUDY HOW DYING OR SURVIVING NEURONS INTERACT WITH GLIA IN THE RETINA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019219.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: TEMPLE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GARETH THOMAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019267) ROLES OF PALMITOYLATION IN PROGRESSION OF GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A DISEASE THAT CAUSES BLINDNESS BECAUSE THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE EYE AND BRAIN ARE DAMAGED. THIS DAMAGE IS CAUSED BY ACTIVATION OF 'EXECUTIONER' PROTEINS THAT CAUSE THE CONNECTIONS TO DEGENERATE, AND LOSS OF 'SURVIVAL' PROTEINS THAT NORMALLY PROTECT THE CONNECTIONS. WE HAVE EVIDENCE THAT IMPORTANT EXECUTIONER AND SURVIVAL PROTEINS ARE MODIFIED WITH A STICKY, FATTY TAG. WE WILL DETERMINE THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS 'TAGGING' PROCESS FOR THE DAMAGE SEEN IN GLAUCOMA, WHICH MAY REVEAL NEW WAYS TO TREAT THIS DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019267. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY HAIYAN GONG, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019295) THE ROLE OF THROMBOSPONDIN-1 IN REGULATING IOP. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE AND A PRIMARY RISK FACTOR FOR THIS DISEASE IS ABNORMALLY INCREASED PRESSURE INSIDE THE EYE, WHICH IS USUALLY A RESULT OF AN ELEVATED RESISTANCE TO THE DRAINAGE OF THE AQUEOUS HUMOR. CURRENTLY, THE ONLY WAY TO TREAT OR MANAGE GLAUCOMA IS TO LOWER THIS INCREASED EYE PRESSURE. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL INVESTIGATE THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING THE DRAINAGE OF THE AQUEOUS HUMOR, BY SPECIFICALLY STUDYING AN IMPORTANT TARGETING SITE OF ALONG THE DRAINAGE PATHWAY, THE TRABECULAR MESHWORK. THE FINDINGS MAY LEAD TO NOVEL TREATMENTS OR PREVENTATIVE MEASURES FOR GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019295. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROBERT JOHNSTON, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019300) GROWING HUMAN RETINAL ORGANOIDS TO STUDY RETINAL GANGLION CELL BIRTH AND DEATH IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DURING GLAUCOMA, THE NEURONS THAT CONNECT THE EYE TO THE BRAIN DIE, LEADING TO VISION LOSS. WE HAVE LEARNED A GREAT DEAL ABOUT THESE CELLS FROM STUDIES IN OTHER ANIMALS LIKE MICE AND FISH, YET STUDIES DIRECTLY IN DEVELOPING HUMAN TISSUE HAVE BEEN LIMITED. HERE, WE PROPOSE TO GROW HUMAN RETINAS IN A DISH FROM STEM CELLS TO (1.) DETERMINE WHAT GENES ARE ON OR OFF IN THESE CRITICAL NEURONS, (2.) DEVELOP TREATMENTS TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF THESE NEURONS, AND (3.) STUDY HOW THESE NEURONS DIE AND DEVELOP WAYS TO PREVENT THEIR DEATH. OUR WORK WILL BE THE FIRST TO STUDY THESE MECHANISMS IN DEVELOPING HUMAN TISSUE, PROVIDING INSIGHTS CRITICAL FOR UNDERSTANDING GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019300. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SARAH ZHANG, MD, ENTITLED: (G2019302) TARGETING NEUROINFLAMMATION FOR RGC PROTECTION IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PROPOSED RESEARCH STUDIES A NOVEL PROTEIN THAT WAS RECENTLY IDENTIFIED AS A KEY REGULATOR OF MACROPHAGES, A TYPE OF IMMUNE CELLS THAT ARE ACTIVATED DURING GLAUCOMA. USING GENETIC TOOLS AND ANIMAL MODELS, THE STUDY WILL EXPLORE HOW THIS PROTEIN REGULATES MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION AND INFLAMMATION IN THE RETINA OF GLAUCOMA EYES. FURTHERMORE, THE STUDY WILL DEVELOP A NOVEL THERAPY USING SMALL VESICLES SECRETED FROM BONE MARROW STEM CELLS TO MANIPULATE MACROPHAGE BEHAVIOR AND PROTECT RETINAL NEURONS IN GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019302. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY TRENT WATKINS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019332) STRESS SIGNALING IN THE SURVIVAL AND REPAIR OF RGCS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DISEASE PROCESSES IN GLAUCOMA HARM THE CONNECTIONS THAT ALLOW YOUR EYE TO SEND VISUAL INFORMATION TO YOUR BRAIN. THIS HARM STIMULATES NATURAL REPAIR PROCESSES THAT ULTIMATELY FAIL AND EVEN END UP FURTHER CONTRIBUTING TO THE LOSS OF VISION. OUR PROPOSAL AIMS TO UNDERSTAND HOW THESE REPAIR PROCESSES SWITCH FROM PROVIDING HOPE FOR RECOVERY TO CAUSING GREATER DAMAGE. APPROPRIATE STIMULATION OF THESE PROCESSES MAY ALLOW FOR RESTORATION OF VISION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019332.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MEREDITH GREGORY-KSANDER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019340) TARGETING THE ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A PROGRESSIVE EYE DISEASE THAT ULTIMATELY LEADS TO THE DEATH OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS (RGC) AND LOSS OF VISION AND RECENT STUDIES HAVE LINKED THE PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF RGCS WITH AN OVER-ACTIVATED IMMUNE SYSTEM. IN THE HEALTHY EYE, INFLAMMATION IS TIGHTLY REGULATED IN ORDER TO PROTECT THE DELICATE TISSUES NECESSARY FOR VISION. HOWEVER, IN GLAUCOMA INFLAMMATION IN THE EYE BECOMES DYSREGULATED RESULTING IN DEATH OF RGCS AND DEGENERATION OF THE OPTIC NERVE. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM THAT WE BELIEVE BECOMES DYSREGULATED EARLY IN GLAUCOMA AND IN THIS PROJECT WE WILL DETERMINE THE EFFICACY OF TARGETING THIS PATHWAY AS A NOVEL TREATMENT APPROACH IN GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019340. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN HETLING, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019356) DIAGNOSING GLAUCOMA IN THE PERIPHERAL RETINA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF GLAUCOMA IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT LEADS TO MORE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT. EARLY GLAUCOMA CAN AFFECT CENTRAL VISION OR PERIPHERAL VISION, SO BOTH AREAS OF VISION SHOULD BE TESTED. THE BEST OBJECTIVE TEST FOR GLAUCOMA EVALUATES ONLY CENTRAL VISION. THEREFORE, WE DEVELOPED A TEST TO EVALUATE PERIPHERAL VISION SO THAT EARLY DETECTION IS AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE. THIS PROJECT WILL GIVE THE CENTRAL VISION AND PERIPHERAL VISION TESTS TO A GROUP OF GLAUCOMA PATIENTS, TO SHOW THAT THE NEW PERIPHERAL VISION TEST HELPS TO DIAGNOSE THE DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019356. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MICHAEL HAUSER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019357) SINGLE CELL RNASEQ TO CHARACTERIZE GLAUCOMA RISK GENES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: LARGE STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED MANY GENES AND GENETIC VARIANTS THAT INCREASE RISK OF GLAUCOMA, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE MECHANISM. THE WORK DESCRIBED IN THIS PROPOSAL WILL EXAMINE THE LEVELS OF THESE GENES IN INDIVIDUAL CELLS IN THE RETINA, AND HOW GENETIC VARIANTS CHANGE THOSE LEVELS. IT WILL PROVIDE THE BASIC INFORMATION THAT WILL ENABLE US TO UNDERSTAND MECHANISM, AND MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TREATMENTS FOR GLAUCOMA. IMPORTANTLY, THIS WORK WILL FOLLOW UP NEW FINDINGS IN AFRICAN AMERICANS, A GROUP THAT IS DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTED BY GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019357. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SAIDAS NAIR, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019360) NOVEL GENETIC MOUSE MODEL OF EARLY-ONSET GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: BLINDING DISEASES AFFECTING CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS ARE MAINLY CAUSED BY DEFECTIVE GENES, WHICH ARE TYPICALLY PASSED ON FROM PARENT TO THEIR CHILDREN. OUR MISSION IS TO IDENTIFY THE CULPRIT GENE AND FIND OUT HOW THEY ACT TO CAUSE BLINDNESS. THE COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT WILL HELP US MOVE FORWARDS TOWARDS FINDING SOLUTIONS TO CONTROL AND MANAGE THE DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019360. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: VANDERBILT EYE INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MD IMAM UDDIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019023) HAIRPIN-DNA FUNCTIONALIZED NANOFORMULATIONS FOR SPECIFIC GENE SILENCING IN VIVO IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO DEMONSTRATE THE APPLICATIONS OF A NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED APPROACH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF 'WET' AMD WITHOUT USING ANY TOXIC TRANSFECTION REAGENTS. IN THIS APPROACH, DR. UDDIN AND COLLEAGUES WILL USE GOLD NANOPARTICLES ENGINEERED FOR THE FIRST TIME TO TREAT AMD SPECIFIC GENES TO OVERCOME THE LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING THERAPY. THEY WILL TEST THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR ITS SAFETY, HIGH SENSITIVITY, AND SPECIFICITY IN CELLS AND IN ANIMAL MODELS OF 'WET' AMD. USING THIS NOVEL NANOTECHNOLOGY, CLINICIANS MIGHT BE ABLE TO REDUCE SPECIFIC DISEASED GENES IN AMD PATIENTS AND COULD PERMANENTLY REDUCE THE RISK OF PROGRESSION IN A MORE TIMELY FASHION AND PRESERVING THE VISION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019023.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MING ZHANG, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019035) THE ROLE OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS AMONG PEOPLE AGE 50 AND OLDER. CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV), A VERY COMMON VIRUS STAYING IN THE BODIES OF OVER HALF OF AMERICANS, IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANY LONG-TERM DISEASES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS APPLICATION IS TO INVESTIGATE IF CMV STAYS IN THE HUMAN EYES AND HOW VIRUS REACTIVATION IN THE EYE CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMD. THIS STUDY ALSO EXPLORES STRATEGIES TO INHIBIT VIRUS REACTIVATION AND ALLEVIATE DEVELOPMENT OF AMD INDUCED BY CMV REACTIVATION IN THE EYE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019035. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ZONGCHAO HAN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019063) SELECTIVE TARGETING REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS AN AGE RELATED PROBLEM CAUSING VISION LOSS, MAINLY EFFECTED BY THE GRADUAL BUILDUP OF FREE RADICALS, THE WASTE PRODUCTS FROM OUR CELLS. WE CREATED A SOLUTION TO PREVENT AMD PROGRESSION WHICH SERVES AS A SELECTIVE WASTE COLLECTOR TO PICK UP ANY SPECIFIC FREE RADICALS. WE LOOK TO BENEFIT ALL AMD PATIENTS THROUGH OUR TREATMENT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019063. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY TIM CORSON, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019069) INHIBITING A NOVEL TARGET FOR WET AMD THERAPY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH IN THE EYE CAUSES "WET" AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, A MAJOR CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. SINCE MANY PATIENTS DO NOT RESPOND TO EXISTING THERAPIES, NEW DRUGS ARE NEEDED TO BLOCK THIS BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH. STARTING WITH A PROTEIN THAT WE DISCOVERED THAT BLOCKS BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH WHEN INHIBITED, WE WILL DESIGN AND PRODUCE NEW CHEMICALS THAT BLOCK THIS PROTEIN'S FUNCTION. WE WILL TEST THESE CHEMICALS FOR BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH INHIBITION IN THE PETRI DISH AND IN EYES, AS A KEY STEP TOWARDS DEVELOPING A NEW THERAPY FOR WET AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019069. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY HAIJIANG LIN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019074) CYTOSOLIC ACCUMULATION OF NUCLEAR DNA FRAGMENTS IN RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM AND AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION . INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE VISION LOSS AMONG ELDERLY PEOPLE IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. THE "DRY" FORM OF AMD ACCOUNTS FOR 85% OF ALL CASES WITHOUT EFFECTIVE TREATMENT, WHILE THE "WET" FORM OCCURS IN ABOUT 15% OF THE ADVANCED AMD CASES, WHICH IS BEING TREATED WITH ANTI-VEGF BUT NOT EFFECTIVE IN ALL CASES. OUR STUDY WILL IDENTIFY THE FACTOR(S) CONTRIBUTING TO THE PROGRESSION OF AMD AND EXPLORE METHOD TO HALT OR REVERSE AMD RETINAL LESION. OVERALL GOAL IS TO GAIN A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF THIS DISEASE AND TO DEVELOP NOVEL EFFECTIVE THERAPIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019074. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR SUNY ON BEHALF OF UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MICHAEL FARKAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019108) DEFINING THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF RPE-EXPRESSED AMD RISK-ASSOCIATED LONG NON-CODING RNAS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE AIM TO ELUCIDATE THE ROLE TWO NOVEL LONG NON-CODING RNAS PLAY IN THE REGULATION OF HTRA1, A GENE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH RISK OF DEVELOPING AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). THE LONG NON-CODING RNAS ARE PREDICTED, AND OUR DATA DEMONSTRATES, TO DECREASE HTRA1 LEVELS. THE DATA OBTAINED IN THIS PROPOSAL WILL BE USED TO ADVANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE OF AMD PATHOGENESIS, AND ULTIMATELY, TOWARD A THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019108.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ELIZABETH VARGIS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019109) AN INTEGRATED MICROFLUIDIC MODEL OF SUBRETINAL TISSUE TO STUDY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE LINING OF THE BACK OF OUR EYES, INCLUDING RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS AND BLOOD VESSELS, SUPPORTS OUR HIGHLY SPECIALIZED PHOTORECEPTORS. BLINDNESS CAN OCCUR IF THESE CELLS AND TISSUES DO NOT WORK PROPERLY. BY UNDERSTANDING HOW THE LAYERS WORK WITH ONE ANOTHER, WE CAN BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW THEY BEHAVE NORMALLY AND DURING DISEASE. WITH OUR BACKGROUND AS BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS, WE WILL DESIGN A MULTI-LAYERED MODEL WITH HUMAN CELLS AND BLOOD VESSELS THAT REALISTICALLY MIMICS THE BACK OF THE EYE UNDER VARYING CONDITIONS TO DEVELOP TREATMENTS THAT CAN EFFECTIVELY STOP BLINDNESS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019109. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON, HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YE SUN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019114) A NEGATIVE IMMUNE REGULATOR CONTROLS WET AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE VISION LOSS IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) PATIENTS. CURRENTLY THERE IS NO EFFECTIVE TREATMENT TO PREVENT OR SLOW THE BLOOD VESSEL PROLIFERATION IN WET AMD PATIENTS. THIS WORK AIMS TO INVESTIGATE A NOVEL NEGATIVE-IMMUNE REGULATOR THAT MAY SUPPRESS INFLAMMATION-INDUCED ABNORMAL VESSEL GROWTH IN AMD BY ALTERING IMMUNE-VASCULAR CROSSTALK. NOVEL ACTIVATORS OF THIS IMMUNE REGULATOR WILL BE EVALUATED IN A PRE-CLINICAL ANIMAL MODEL OF AMD TO DETERMINE IF TREATMENT IS EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING OR SLOWING DEVELOPMENT OF AMD-LIKE PATHOLOGIES, AND FINDINGS FROM THIS WORK WILL IDENTIFY NEW TREATMENTS TO PREVENT OR TREAT WET AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019114. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RAUNAK SINHA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019131) UNDERSTANDING THE FIRST STEP IN CENTRAL VISION: FROM GENES TO CELLULAR FUNCTION TO THERAPY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OUR EVERYDAY VISUAL EXPERIENCE - INCLUDING YOUR ABILITY TO READ THIS TEXT - IS DOMINATED BY SIGNALING IN A SPECIALIZED REGION OF THE EYE CALLED THE FOVEA, WHICH CONSTITUTES AN EXQUISITE 'HIGH DEFINITION' ARRAY OF PHOTOSENSORS CALLED CONES THAT GIVES US HUMANS A 'HIGH DEFINITION' VISION. DISEASES THAT ATTACK THE FOVEA MAKES IT ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO CARRY OUT EVERYDAY TASKS SUCH AS READING, WRITING, DRIVING AND RECOGNIZING FACES. BY PROVIDING THE FIRST DETAILED INSIGHT INTO HOW THE SENSORS IN THE FOVEA WORK, WE CAN DEVISE TREATMENTS FOR EYE DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE FOVEA AND HENCE RESTORE EYE SIGHT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019131. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JOELLE HALLAK, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019155) A NOVEL APPROACH TO PERSONALIZED PREDICTION OF PROGRESSION OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) CAUSES SEVERE VISION LOSS. DISTINGUISHING WHICH PATIENTS PROGRESS FROM AN EARLY OR INTERMEDIATE STAGE OF AMD TO THE ADVANCED STAGE WILL HELP GUIDE PATIENT FOLLOW-UP AND TESTING. IT WOULD ALSO LEAD TO THE EARLY ADMINISTRATION OF TREATMENTS. IN THIS PROPOSAL WE AIM TO DEVELOP A TOOL TO PREDICT THE CHANCES OF AMD PROGRESSION ON A PERSONALIZED, PATIENT-BY-PATIENT BASIS BY USING IMAGES OF THE RETINA, AND THE PATIENT'S GENETIC, HISTORICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC AND BEHAVIORAL DATA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019155. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RAJU RAJALA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019168) M2-ISOFORM OF PYRUVATE KINASE IS A BIOMARKER FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RPE CELLS OF THE RETINA PROVIDE NOURISHMENT TO THE PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS FOR NORMAL VISUAL FUNCTIONS. RECENT STUDIES SHOW THAT IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION PATIENTS' RETINAS AND AGED MOUSE TISSUES, EXPRESSION OF TWO METABOLIC ENZYMES IS INCREASED IN THE RPE AND IS DECREASED IN THE PHOTORECEPTORS WHICH IS OPPOSITE TO THAT SEEN IN NORMAL RETINAS. THIS PROPOSAL AIMS TO STUDY THESE TWO ENZYME ALTERATIONS AND ALSO REPROGRAM THEIR EXPRESSION TO REDUCE THE AMD PHENOTYPE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019168.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ALEXANDER MARNEROS, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019184) TARGETING INFLAMMATORY CASPASES AS A NOVEL APPROACH TO TREAT NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE "WET" FORM OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) RESULTS FROM A LOCALIZED INFLAMMATION IN THE BACK OF THE EYE THAT LEADS TO VISION LOSS DUE TO ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSEL FORMATION THAT IMPAIRS THE ABILITY TO SEE. FINDINGS FROM SEVERAL RESEARCH GROUPS AND OUR OWN HAVE IDENTIFIED A PARTICULAR PROTEIN COMPLEX, CALLED THE INFLAMMASOME, AS BEING A LIKELY CONTRIBUTOR TO THIS INFLAMMATION THAT PROMOTES THE MANIFESTATION OF "WET" AMD. WE HAVE ESTABLISHED A MOUSE MODEL OF THIS BLINDING EYE DISEASE AND COULD SHOW THAT INHIBITING THE INFLAMMASOME COULD STRONGLY SUPPRESS THE MANIFESTATION OF "WET" AMD. IN ORDER TO DEVELOP NOVEL PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENTS FOR PATIENTS WITH "WET" AMD, IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND WHICH PARTICULAR CELL TYPES IN THE EYE ARE ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT FOR MEDIATING THE EFFECTS OF THE INFLAMMASOME, SO THAT THESE SPECIFIC CELL TYPES COULD BE TARGETED SELECTIVELY WHILE REDUCING THERAPEUTIC SIDE EFFECTS IN OTHER CELL TYPES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019184. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY STEPHEN ALLER, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2019212) CRYO-EM OF ABCA4 AND CORRECTION IN MACULAR DEGENERATION DEFECTS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: A CRITICAL PART OF OUR VISUAL PROCESS IS THE RECYCLING OF A SPECIAL MOLECULE CALLED A CHROMATOPHORE AFTER EXPOSURE TO LIGHT BY A MOLECULAR PUMP THAT ALLOWS THE CELL TO REGENERATE THE ACTIVE FORM OF THE CHROMATOPHORE. SOME DISEASES OF THE EYE RESULT IN MISFOLDING AND MALFUNCTION OF THE PUMP, CALLED ABCA4, WHICH CAN EVENTUALLY LEAD TO BLINDNESS. WE PROPOSE TO DETERMINE THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ACTIVE FORM OF ABCA4, AS WELL AS TO DEVELOP A DRUG SELECTION PROCESS TO DISCOVER NEW DRUGS THAT CAN CORRECT FOLDING DEFECTS OF THE ABCA4 PUMP. OUR WORK MAY LIKELY ALLOW NEW FDA-APPROVED TREATMENTS FOR VISUAL DISEASES SUCH AS MACULAR DEGENERATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2019212. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HELEN KELLER FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: 2019 HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP. THE HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH RECOGNIZES SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN VISION RESEARCH, AND PROVIDES FUNDS FOR CONTINUANCE OF THOSE STUDIES.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 51056K

Schedule O (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018

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SCHEDULE R
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Related Organizations and Unrelated Partnerships

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 33, 34, 35b, 36, or 37.
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Attach to Form 990.
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Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2018

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Identification of Disregarded Entities Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 33.

(a) Name, address, and EIN (if applicable) of disregarded entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Total income	(e) End-of-year assets	(f) Direct controlling entity
(1) NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LLC 22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE CLARKSBURG,MD20871 23-7337229	PROPERTY RENTAL AND MANAGEMENT	MD	553,527	4,274,860	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION
(2) AMERICAN HEALTH ASSISTANCE LLC 22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE CLARKSBURG,MD20871 23-7337229	OWNER OF BRIGHTFOCUS HEADQUARTERS	MD	0	3,697,794	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Part II

Identification of Related Tax-Exempt Organizations Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related tax-exempt organizations during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	(g) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	Yes	No

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50135Y

Schedule R (Form 990) 2018

Page 2

Part III

Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Partnership Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related organizations treated as a partnership during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No

Part IV

Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Corporation or Trust Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related organizations treated as a corporation or trust during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(e) Type of entity (C corp, S corp, or trust)	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(i) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(e) Type of entity (C corp, S corp, or trust)	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No

Schedule R (Form 990) 2018

Page 3

Part V

Transactions With Related Organizations Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34, 35b, or 36.

Note. Complete line 1 if any entity is listed in Parts II, III, or IV of this schedule.

Yes

1 During the tax year, did the orgranization engage in any of the following transactions with one or more related organizations listed in Parts II-IV?

a Receipt of (i) interest, (ii) annuities, (iii) royalties, or (iv) rent from a controlled entity .....................

b Gift, grant, or capital contribution to related organization(s) ............................

c Gift, grant, or capital contribution from related organization(s) ............................

d Loans or loan guarantees to or for related organization(s) ............................

e Loans or loan guarantees by related organization(s) ............................

f Dividends from related organization(s) ............................

g Sale of assets to related organization(s) ............................

h Purchase of assets from related organization(s) ............................

i Exchange of assets with related organization(s) ............................

j Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets to related organization(s) .......................

k Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets from related organization(s) ......................

l Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations for related organization(s) .....................

m Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations by related organization(s) .................

n Sharing of facilities, equipment, mailing lists, or other assets with related organization(s) ...................

o Sharing of paid employees with related organization(s) ............................

p Reimbursement paid to related organization(s) for expenses ............................

q Reimbursement paid by related organization(s) for expenses ............................

r Other transfer of cash or property to related organization(s) ............................

s Other transfer of cash or property from related organization(s) ............................

If the answer to any of the above is "Yes," see the instructions for information on who must complete this line, including covered relationships and transaction thresholds.

(a) Name of related organization	(b) Transaction type (a-s)	(c) Amount involved	(d) Method of determining amount involved

Schedule R (Form 990) 2018

Page 4

Part VI

Unrelated Organizations Taxable as a Partnership Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 37.

Provide the following information for each entity taxed as a partnership through which the organization conducted more than five percent of its activities (measured by total assets or gross revenue) that was not a related organization. See instructions regarding exclusion for certain investment partnerships.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(e) Are all partners section 501(c)(3) organizations?		(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	Yes	No	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No

Schedule R (Form 990) 2018

Page 5

Part VII

Supplemental Information

Provide additional information for responses to questions on Schedule R (see instructions).

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule R (Form 990) 2018

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

		Prior Year	Current Year
8	Contributions and grants (Part VIII, line 1h) .........	32,362,197	39,635,190
9	Program service revenue (Part VIII, line 2g) .........	0	0
10	Investment income (Part VIII, column (A), lines 3, 4, and 7d ) ....	1,854,269	1,956,174
11	Other revenue (Part VIII, column (A), lines 5, 6d, 8c, 9c, 10c, and 11e)	688,039	693,445
12	Total revenue—add lines 8 through 11 (must equal Part VIII, column (A), line 12)	34,904,505	42,284,809
13	Grants and similar amounts paid (Part IX, column (A), lines 1–3 )...	13,475,744	16,205,073
14	Benefits paid to or for members (Part IX, column (A), line 4).....	0	0
15	Salaries, other compensation, employee benefits (Part IX, column (A), lines 5–10)	4,985,215	5,399,694
16a	Professional fundraising fees (Part IX, column (A), line 11e) .....	636,451	761,638
b	Total fundraising expenses (Part IX, column (D), line 25) 7,727,975
17	Other expenses (Part IX, column (A), lines 11a–11d, 11f–24e)....	16,718,081	18,076,925
18	Total expenses. Add lines 13–17 (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25)	35,815,491	40,443,330
19	Revenue less expenses. Subtract line 18 from line 12.......	-910,986	1,841,479
		Beginning of Current Year	End of Year
20	Total assets (Part X, line 16).............	52,594,473	58,993,683
21	Total liabilities (Part X, line 26).............	20,725,981	25,715,274
22	Net assets or fund balances. Subtract line 21 from line 20.....	31,868,492	33,278,409

Sign Here

	Signature of officer	Date

	Type or print name and title


4a	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 19,739,840 including grants of $ 10,547,966 ) (Revenue $ )
	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (ADR) - BRIGHTFOCUS' ADR PROGRAM FUNDS RESEARCH FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ITS EARLY DETECTION, AND TREATMENTS TO HELP SLOW OR STOP ITS PROGRESSION, AND ULTIMATELY TO PREVENT THE DISEASE ALTOGETHER. ADR ANNUALLY AWARDS PEER-REVIEWED GRANTS TO SCIENTISTS FROM INSTITUTIONS WORLDWIDE WHO ARE CONDUCTING BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. SINCE INCEPTION, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS CONTRIBUTED MORE THAN $128 MILLION TO THE CONQUERING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2019, ADR AWARDED $9,746,911 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 41 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS AND TWO OTHER SCIENTIFIC AWARDS TO MAKE A TOTAL OF $10,547,966 IN FUNDING.

4b	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 6,161,962 including grants of $ 3,107,335 ) (Revenue $ )
	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH (MDR) - A PROGRAM OF BRIGHTFOCUS, HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $29 MILLION TO SCIENTISTS STUDYING THE DISEASE. THE LATEST RESEARCH IS FOCUSED ON NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THE DISEASE, UNDERSTANDING ITS CAUSES AND PROGRESSION, DRUG THERAPIES, PREVENTION OF DRUSEN FORMATION, THE ROLE OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN DISEASE RISK, AND NEW SCREENING TECHNIQUES.DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2019, MDR AWARDED $2,985,925 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 15 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS, WITH 5 ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS THAT TAKE THE TOTAL FUNDING TO $3,107,335. DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I.

4c	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 3,333,383 including grants of $ 2,549,772 ) (Revenue $ )
	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH (NGR) - BRIGHTFOCUS' NGR PROGRAM HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $35 MILLION WORLDWIDE FOR THE STUDY OF GLAUCOMA. NGR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH HAS BEEN FOCUSED ON THE EYE-BRAIN CONNECTION, THE MECHANISMS FOR PRESSURE BUILDUP IN THE EYE, OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION, AND UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE GENES PLAY IN ORDER TO DEVELOP EARLY GLAUCOMA SCREENING AND TARGETED TREATMENTS, AMONGST OTHER INNOVATIVE PURSUITS. NGR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO GLAUCOMA RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. NGR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT.

4d	Other program services (Describe in Schedule O.)
	(Expenses $ including grants of $ ) (Revenue $ )
4e	Total program service expenses29,235,185

(A) Name and Title	(B) Average hours per week (list any hours for related organizations below dotted line)			(D) Reportable compensation from the organization (W- 2/1099-MISC)	(E) Reportable compensation from related organizations (W- 2/1099-MISC)	(F) Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
(A) Name and Title
(18) R BRIAN ELDERTON........................................................................ SR. VP, DEVELOPMENT	45.00 .......................	X		228,265	0	43,239
(19) DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA........................................................................ VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	45.00 .......................	X		155,262	0	59,365
(20) MICHAEL BUCKLEY........................................................................ VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	45.00 .......................	X		154,307	0	24,229
(21) DIANE BOVENKAMP PHD........................................................................ VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	45.00 .......................		X	140,126	0	22,339

1b	Sub-Total................
c	Total from continuation sheets to Part VII, Section A....
d	Total (add lines 1b and 1c)...........	1,321,492	0	268,467

1	Briefly describe the organization’s mission or most significant activities: BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (BRIGHTFOCUS) SEEKS A WORLD FREE FROM DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT.
2	Check this box
3	Number of voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1a) ........	3	15
4	Number of independent voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1b) .....	4	15
5	Total number of individuals employed in calendar year 2018 (Part V, line 2a) ......	5	58
6	Total number of volunteers (estimate if necessary) .............	6	51
7a	Total unrelated business revenue from Part VIII, column (C), line 12 ........	7a	0
b	Net unrelated business taxable income from Form 990-T, line 34 .........	7b	0

1a	Federated campaigns..		1a	170,903
b	Membership dues..		1b
c	Fundraising events..		1c	216,710
d	Related organizations		1d
e	Government grants (contributions)		1e

f	All other contributions, gifts, grants, and similar amounts not included above		1f	39,247,577

g	Noncash contributions included in lines 1a - 1f:$ 99,278
h Total. Add lines 1a-1f.......		39,635,190

		Business Code
2a
b
c
d
e
f	All other program service revenue.
g	Total. Add lines 2a–2f ....

3 Investment income (including dividends, interest, and othersimilar amounts) ......			914,311			914,311
4 Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds
5 Royalties...........			412,045			412,045
		(ii) Personal	(i) Real
6a	Gross rents		599,163
b	Less: rental expenses		45,636
c	Rental income or (loss)		553,527
d	Net rental income or (loss)......			553,527			553,527
		(ii) Other	(i) Securities
7a	Gross amount from sales of assets other than inventory		15,822,790
b	Less: cost or other basis and sales expenses		14,780,927
c	Gain or (loss)		1,041,863
d	Net gain or (loss).....			1,041,863			1,041,863
8a	Gross income from fundraising events (not including $ 216,710of contributions reported on line 1c). See Part IV, line 18 ....
	a		46,200
b	Less: direct expenses ...b		318,327
c	Net income or (loss) from fundraising events..			-272,127			-272,127
9a	Gross income from gaming activities. See Part IV, line 19 ...
	a
b	Less: direct expenses ...b
c	Net income or (loss) from gaming activities..
10a	Gross sales of inventory, less returns and allowances ..
	a
b	Less: cost of goods sold ..b
c	Net income or (loss) from sales of inventory..
Business Code			Miscellaneous Revenue
11a
b
c
d	All other revenue ....
e	Total. Add lines 11a–11d ......
12	Total revenue. See Instructions......			42,284,809	0	0	2,649,619

1	Grants and other assistance to domestic organizations and domestic governments. See Part IV, line 21	13,655,717	13,655,717
2	Grants and other assistance to domestic individuals. See Part IV, line 22
3	Grants and other assistance to foreign organizations, foreign governments, and foreign individuals. See Part IV, line 15 and 16.	2,549,356	2,549,356
4	Benefits paid to or for members
5	Compensation of current officers, directors, trustees, and key employees ....	1,463,473	863,879	332,442	267,152
6	Compensation not included above, to disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)) and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B) ....
7	Other salaries and wages	2,858,355	1,652,053	900,609	305,693
8	Pension plan accruals and contributions (include section 401(k) and 403(b) employer contributions) ....	252,479	145,926	79,551	27,002
9	Other employee benefits .......	565,806	327,021	178,274	60,511
10	Payroll taxes ...........	259,581	150,031	81,789	27,761
11	Fees for services (non-employees):
a	Management ......
b	Legal .........	176,707	131,527	45,180
c	Accounting ...........	85,331	43,916	22,141	19,274
d	Lobbying ...........
e	Professional fundraising services. See Part IV, line 17	761,638			761,638
f	Investment management fees ......	286,678		286,678
g	Other (If line 11g amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 11g expenses on Schedule O)	1,484,247	1,364,073	85,651	34,523
12	Advertising and promotion ....	472,122	134,501		337,621
13	Office expenses .......	861,338	438,653	281,468	141,217
14	Information technology ......	641,876	443,323	140,201	58,352
15	Royalties ..
16	Occupancy ...........	372,052	220,484	117,822	33,746
17	Travel ............	249,408	160,354	57,622	31,432
18	Payments of travel or entertainment expenses for any federal, state, or local public officials .
19	Conferences, conventions, and meetings ....	250,553	236,075	9,368	5,110
20	Interest ...........	8,583	5,087	2,718	778
21	Payments to affiliates .......
22	Depreciation, depletion, and amortization ..	350,029	206,103	107,731	36,195
23	Insurance ...	99,629	34,904	57,990	6,735
24	Other expenses. Itemize expenses not covered above (List miscellaneous expenses in line 24e. If line 24e amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 24e expenses on Schedule O.)
a	PUB. AWARENESS POSTAGE	6,045,719	3,050,826	364,137	2,630,756
b	PUB. AWARENESS PRINTING	3,648,245	1,860,608	194,507	1,593,130
c	PUB. AWARENESS COMP.	1,634,734	848,980	76,522	709,232
d	LIST RENTAL	1,409,674	711,788	57,769	640,117
e	All other expenses
25	Total functional expenses. Add lines 1 through 24e	40,443,330	29,235,185	3,480,170	7,727,975
26	Joint costs. Complete this line only if the organization reported in column (B) joint costs from a combined educational campaign and fundraising solicitation. Check here if following SOP 98-2 (ASC 958-720).	12,804,245	6,052,805	738,854	6,012,586

1	Cash–non-interest-bearing ........			2,635,346	1	4,106,677
2	Savings and temporary cash investments .........			239,243	2	337,121
3	Pledges and grants receivable, net ......			4,651,980	3	9,069,022
4	Accounts receivable, net .............				4
5	Loans and other receivables from current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees. Complete Part II of Schedule L .............
					5
6	Loans and other receivables from other disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)), persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B), and contributing employers and sponsoring organizations of section 501(c)(9) voluntary employees' beneficiary organizations (see instructions) Complete Part II of Schedule L ..............
					6
7	Notes and loans receivable, net ....				7
8	Inventories for sale or use ........			43,224	8	17,631
9	Prepaid expenses and deferred charges ......			308,170	9	173,957
10a	Land, buildings, and equipment: cost or other basis. Complete Part VI of Schedule D	10a	12,111,948
b	Less: accumulated depreciation	10b	4,344,608	7,992,593	10c	7,767,340
11	Investments—publicly traded securities .			31,354,433	11	37,056,380
12	Investments—other securities. See Part IV, line 11 .....			4,854,970	12	0
13	Investments—program-related. See Part IV, line 11 ..				13
14	Intangible assets ...............				14
15	Other assets. See Part IV, line 11 ...........			514,514	15	465,555
16	Total assets. Add lines 1 through 15 (must equal line 34)...			52,594,473	16	58,993,683

17	Accounts payable and accrued expenses .....	338,902	17	531,785
18	Grants payable ...	18,854,761	18	23,815,645
19	Deferred revenue .........	109,250	19	116,330
20	Tax-exempt bond liabilities .........		20
21	Escrow or custodial account liability. Complete Part IV of Schedule D		21
22	Loans and other payables to current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, highest compensated employees, and disqualified
	persons. Complete Part II of Schedule L..		22
23	Secured mortgages and notes payable to unrelated third parties ..		23
24	Unsecured notes and loans payable to unrelated third parties ..		24
25	Other liabilities (including federal income tax, payables to related third parties, and other liabilities not included on lines 17 - 24). Complete Part X of Schedule D	1,423,068	25	1,251,514
26	Total liabilities. Add lines 17 through 25..	20,725,981	26	25,715,274

	Organizations that follow SFAS 117 (ASC 958), check here and complete lines 27 through 29, and lines 33 and 34.
27	Unrestricted net assets	19,576,833	27	15,150,746
28	Temporarily restricted net assets ...........	11,971,659	28	17,825,663
29	Permanently restricted net assets	320,000	29	302,000
	Organizations that do not follow SFAS 117 (ASC 958), check here and complete lines 30 through 34.
30	Capital stock or trust principal, or current funds .....		30
31	Paid-in or capital surplus, or land, building or equipment fund ...		31
32	Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated income, or other funds		32
33	Total net assets or fund balances ...........	31,868,492	33	33,278,409
34	Total liabilities and net assets/fund balances ........	52,594,473	34	58,993,683

1	Was the organization a U.S. transferor of property to a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes,"the organization may be required to file Form 926, Return by a U.S. Transferor of Property to a Foreign Corporation (see Instructions for Form 926). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
2	Did the organization have an interest in a foreign trust during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to separately file Form 3520, Annual Return to Report Transactions with Foreign Trusts and Receipt of Certain Foreign Gifts, and/or Form 3520-A, Annual Information Return of Foreign Trust With a U.S. Owner (see Instructions for Forms 3520 and 3520-A; don't file with Form 990). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
3	Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 5471, Information Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Corporations. (see Instructions for Form 5471). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
4	Was the organization a direct or indirect shareholder of a passive foreign investment company or a qualified electing fund during the tax year? If “Yes,” the organization may be required to file Form 8621, Information Return by a Shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund. (see Instructions for Form 8621) .	Yes	No
5	Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign partnership during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 8865, Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Partnerships (see Instructions for Form 8865). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
6	Did the organization have any operations in or related to any boycotting countries during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to separately file Form 5713, International Boycott Report (see Instructions for Form 5713; don't file with Form 990).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No