Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
Go to
www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.
| (i) Name of supported organization | (ii) EIN | (iii) Type of organization (described on lines 1- 10 above (see instructions)) | (iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document? | (v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions) | (vi) Amount of other support (see instructions) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
|
Total |
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Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2014 | (b) 2015 | (c) 2016 | (d) 2017 | (e) 2018 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grant.") .. | 11,592,990 | 19,024,540 | 9,282,692 | 18,187,565 | 10,737,635 | 68,825,422 |
| 2 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf.... | 0 | |||||
| 3 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge.. | 0 | |||||
| 4 | Total. Add lines 1 through 3 | 11,592,990 | 19,024,540 | 9,282,692 | 18,187,565 | 10,737,635 | 68,825,422 |
| 5 | The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f).. | 0 | |||||
| 6 | Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4. | 68,825,422 | |||||
Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2014 | (b) 2015 | (c) 2016 | (d) 2017 | (e) 2018 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Amounts from line 4.. | 11,592,990 | 19,024,540 | 9,282,692 | 18,187,565 | 10,737,635 | 68,825,422 |
| 8 | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources... | 73,282 | 103,307 | 113,751 | 126,671 | 194,956 | 611,967 |
| 9 | Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.. | ||||||
| 10 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.).. | 58,656 | 18,306 | 17,163 | 43,859 | 13,121 | 151,105 |
| 11 | Total support. Add lines 7 through 10 | 69,606,686 | |||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2014 | (b) 2015 | (c) 2016 | (d) 2017 | (e) 2018 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") . | ||||||
| 2 | Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose | ||||||
| 3 | Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513 ..... | ||||||
| 4 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf... | ||||||
| 5 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge | ||||||
| 6 | Total. Add lines 1 through 5 | ||||||
| 7a | Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons | ||||||
| b | Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 7a and 7b.. | ||||||
| 8 | Public support. (Subtract line 7c from line 6.) | ||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2014 | (b) 2015 | (c) 2016 | (d) 2017 | (e) 2018 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | Amounts from line 6... | ||||||
| 10a | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources.. | ||||||
| b | Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 10a and 10b. | ||||||
| 11 | Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on. | ||||||
| 12 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) .. | ||||||
| 13 | Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.).. | ||||||
| Section A - Adjusted Net Income | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
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| 1 | Net short-term capital gain | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Other gross income (see instructions) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Add lines 1 through 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Depreciation and depletion | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Other expenses (see instructions) | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4) | 8 | ||||
| Section B - Minimum Asset Amount | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
||||
| 1 | Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year): | 1 | ||||
| a | Average monthly value of securities | 1a | ||||
| b | Average monthly cash balances | 1b | ||||
| c | Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets | 1c | ||||
| d | Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c) | 1d | ||||
| e |
Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI): |
|||||
| 2 | Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Subtract line 2 from line 1d | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 1-1/2% of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions). | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3) | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Multiply line 5 by .035 | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6) | 8 | ||||
| Section C - Distributable Amount | Current Year | |||||
| 1 | Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A) | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Enter 85% of line 1 | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Enter greater of line 2 or line 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Income tax imposed in prior year | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| Section D - Distributions | Current Year | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes | ||
|
2
Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity |
||
| 3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations | ||
| 4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets | ||
| 5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required) | ||
| 6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions | ||
| 7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6. | ||
|
8
Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions |
||
| 9 Distributable amount for 2018 from Section C, line 6 | ||
| 10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount | ||
| Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions) |
(i) Excess Distributions |
(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2018 |
(iii) Distributable Amount for 2018 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
Distributable amount for 2018 from Section C, line 6 |
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|
2
Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2018 (reasonable cause required-- explain in Part VI). See instructions. |
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| 3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2018: | ||||
| a From 2013....... | ||||
| b From 2014....... | ||||
| c From 2015....... | ||||
| d From 2016....... | ||||
| e From 2017....... | ||||
| fTotal of lines 3a through e | ||||
| g Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| h Applied to 2018 distributable amount | ||||
|
i
Carryover from 2013 not applied (see instructions) |
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| j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from 3f. | ||||
| 4Distributions for 2018 from Section D, line 7: | ||||
| $ | ||||
| a Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| b Applied to 2018 distributable amount | ||||
| c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from 4. | ||||
|
5
Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2018, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions. |
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|
6
Remaining underdistributions for 2018. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions. |
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|
7 Excess distributions carryover to 2019. Add lines 3j and 4c. |
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| 8 Breakdown of line 7: | ||||
| a Excess from 2014...... | ||||
| b Excess from 2015..... | ||||
| c Excess from 2016..... | ||||
| d Excess from 2017..... | ||||
| e Excess from 2018..... | ||||
| Facts And Circumstances Test |
|---|
| Return Reference | Explanation |
|---|
| Software ID: | 18007218 |
| Software Version: | 2018v3.1 |
Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.
| Return Reference | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Form 990, Part III, Line 4d: Other Program Services Description | OTHER PROGRAM SERVICES 4: PublicationsThe publications department supports the Physicians Committees nutrition and research ethics educational efforts through the design and production of print and electronic materials. In FY 2019, the department completed approximately 615 separately tracked projects. These design projects included a book, ads, fact sheets, brochures, postcards, educational diagrams, posters, billboards, fliers, program booklets, event signage, stationery, program logos, web graphics, infographics, merchandise graphics, and social media graphics. Supported projects included the 870-page third edition of the Nutrition Guide for Clinicians (2,500 printed copies), the 2019 International Conference on Nutrition in Medicine, demonstrations at universities, medical centers, and fast-food franchises, Food for Life instructor training, scientific conferences (academic posters and promotion), healthy hospital food initiative, Native American diabetes education, Alzheimers education Capitol Hill event, Kickstart Intensive event, Barnard Medical Center promotion and education campaigns, and toxicology education and websites. Many of our educational materials are available for free download from our websitePCRM.org.Good Medicine, the Physicians Committees 24-page magazine, keeps members informed and involved. Four issues of Good Medicine were published in FY 2019. Total print distribution was 364,485. The magazine also appears in electronic format on our website. OTHER PROGRAM SERVICES 5: CommunicationsWorking with physicians, health experts, and celebrities who serve as spokespeople, we aim to inform, persuade, and inspire readers through strategic media relations, public relations, digital communications, content generation, social media, celebrity engagement, and advertisements. In the past year, our work was featured and referenced in traditional news outlets, including the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Boston Globe, the Star Tribune, the Houston Chronicle, the Miami Herald, and the Denver Post. Our message has been reported by wires including the Associated Press and Reuters, Capitol Hill papers including the Hill and Politico, and by major television networks including ABC News and CNN. International outlets such as the Daily Mail and the Toronto Star have covered our campaigns. Each month, we reach a potential audience of 240 million readers by appearing in an average of 167 news outlets. We further amplify this coverage on social media to empower our followers to make lasting health changes. Our social media content has created conversations daily among more than 1.3 million followers on 11 social media accounts. In 2018, we launched The Exam Room podcast which has reached more than 2.3 million people to date. These communications combined have reached hundreds of millions of people around the globe.On our websites, we post news about our peer-reviewed medical studies, our medical perspective on cultural commentary, our recommendations to strengthen scientific research standards, and expert-authored consumer health tips. In FY 2019, the Physicians Committee's websites received about 6.4 million visitors and 7.7 million page views. OTHER PROGRAM SERVICES 6: Clinical ResearchThe Physicians Committee designs and conducts clinical health and nutrition research studies, with the goal of motivating more attention in diet and prevention among health care workers, medical researchers, policymakers, and patients.The paper entitled A plant-based diet in overweight individuals in a 16-week randomized clinical trial: metabolic benefits of plant protein, published in Nutrition & Diabetes by Physicians Committee research staff, showed that plant protein, as a part of a plant-based diet, and the resulting limitation of leucine and histidine intake are associated with improvements in body composition and reductions in both body weight and insulin resistance. This study demonstrates the potential of plant protein for weight management and may influence the dietary recommendations.Physicians Committee researchers co-authored a case study demonstrating a complete remission of Crohns disease with a plant-based diet. This case study describes a young adult male with newly diagnosed Crohns disease who failed to enter clinical remission despite standard medical therapy. After switching to a diet based exclusively on grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits, he entered clinical remission without need for medication and showed no signs of Crohns disease on follow-up colonoscopy. This case study gives hope to patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and needs to be taken into account when making dietary recommendations to these patients.A Physicians Committee researcher co-authored a systematic review and meta-analysis on vegetarian dietary patterns and major cardiovascular outcomes, published in Frontiers in Nutrition, showing that vegetarian diets reduce cardiovascular mortality and incidence. This paper highlights the usefulness of plant-based diets for people with elevated cardiovascular risk.The Physicians Committee published a letter to the editor of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, exposing the dairy industry funding and the methodological issues in a prospective study that was trying to prove that eating dairy is not contributing to cardiovascular disease. We suggest that the contribution of dairy products to cardiovascular risk is best adjudicated in carefully designed randomized trials. Such trials have already indicated weight gain associated with consumption of both low-fat and whole-fat dairy and a considerable risk from saturated fat intake. This suggests that the dairy industrys appeals for a more generous verdict should not be so easily granted.Two papers in Nutrients by Physicians Committee research staff and colleagues showed that vegetable fat and carbohydrates, as part of a plant-based diet, may play an important role in body weight regulation. Physicians Committee research staff and colleagues published a review paper entitled The effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on gut microbiota in Frontiers in Nutrition. A plant-based diet appears to be beneficial for human health by promoting the development of more diverse and stable microbial systems. High fiber intake also encourages the growth of species that ferment fiber into metabolites as short-chain fatty acids, which improve immunity against pathogens, promote blood-brain barrier integrity, provide energy substrates, and regulate critical functions of the intestine. The available literature suggests that a vegetarian/vegan diet is effective in promoting a diverse ecosystem of beneficial bacteria to support both human gut microbiome and overall health.Another paper by Physicians Committee research staff and colleagues, entitled Plant-based diets for cardiovascular safety and performance in endurance sports, published in Nutrients, showed the practical implementation of the research and suggested the use of plant-based diets to boost the performance in athletes.Physicians Committee research staff published a paper entitled The thermic effect of food: a review in the Journal of American College of Nutrition. The thermic effect of food is the increase in the metabolic rate that occurs after a meal and represents a potentially modifiable component of energy expenditure, therefore playing an important role in weight management. Evidence suggests that the thermic effect of food is increased by larger meal sizes (as opposed to frequent small meals), intake of carbohydrate and protein (as opposed to dietary fat), and low-fat plant-based diets. This highlights the usefulness of plant-based diets for weight management.Our current randomized crossover clinical trial is comparing the effects of a low-fat, plant-based diet to a Mediterranean diet on body weight, metabolism, and body composition. Using indirect calorimetry, we are measuring metabolism of overweight and/or obese participants in the fasting state, and then for three hours after a standard meal. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used to assess detailed body composition. The participants insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism is also tested. All of these tests are performed at baseline and after 16 weeks of a low-fat vegan versus Mediterranean diet, at week 20 (after a four-week wash-out period), and at week 36 (after 16 weeks of the second intervention). Sixty-two participants were enrolled and started the study. This study will provide important insights for dietary recommendations.Using the design of a randomized crossover trial, we are testing the effects of dietary cholesterol on serum cholesterol levels in vegans who have no baseline dietary cholesterol intake. This study will provide the dose-response information on how much dietary cholesterol affects blood lipids and cardiovascular risk. We are currently conducting a randomized crossover trial, exploring the power of a |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 7a: How Members or Shareholders Elect Governing Body | The membership (of which there is only one class) has the right to elect or appoint the governing body. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 7b: Describe Decisions of Governing Body Approval by Members or Shareholders | The membership (of which there is only one class) has the right to approve the board's decision to amend the articles of incorporation and amend the bylaws. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 11b: Form 990 Review Process | Before it is filed, a Draft copy of Form 990 is sent to each member of the board. The Form 990 is accompanied by a letter illuminating the most important information on Form 990 and addressing any potential difficulties or controversies (if any). The letter asks each board member to respond by a date certain if they have any questions or input regarding Form 990. Also before it is filed, a representative from the preparers audit firm will review Form 990 with the Form 990 Review Committee, which consists of members of the audit committee and the Vice President of Legal Affairs. Upon unanimous approval of the draft 990 by individuals noted above, and after addressing any concerns and/or other input from the full board, Form 990 is filed with the I.R.S. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 12c: Explanation of Monitoring and Enforcement of Conflicts | Each year board members are required to complete a detailed questionnaire designed to help them determine whether they have a conflict of interest. The board reviews the completed questionnaires, along with the conflict of interest policy, together annually. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 15a: Compensation Review & Approval Process - CEO, Top Management | Dr. Barnards (President of Physicians Committee) compensation was determined as follows: During a regular meeting the Physicians Committee's board reviewed data, including published salary surveys and compensation data from Form 990s from other charitable organizations, reflecting comparable compensation for similarly qualified persons in functionally comparable positions at similarly situated organizations. Dr. Barnard was then asked to step out of the room, at which time the remaining independent board members discussed whether Dr. Barnards compensation is objectively reasonable, and upon finding it to be so, the board officially approved Dr. Barnards compensation. The deliberation and decision were contemporaneously substantiated. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 15b: Compensation Review and Approval Process for Officers and Key Employees | Betsy Wason's (Physicians Committees Assistant Secretary and Vice President for Development) compensation was determined as follows: During a regular meeting the Physicians Committee's board reviewed data, including published salary surveys and compensation data from Form 990s from other charitable organizations, reflecting comparable compensation for similarly qualified persons in functionally comparable positions at similarly situated organizations. Ms. Wason was not present at this board meeting. The board members discussed whether Ms. Wasons compensation is objectively reasonable, and upon finding it to be so, the board officially approved Ms. Wasons compensation. The deliberation and decision were contemporaneously substantiated. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Line 19: Other Organization Documents Publicly Available | PHYSICIANS COMMITTEES AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, FORM 990, FORM 990-T AND FORM 1023 ARE AVAILABLE BY REQUEST. THE AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FORM 990 ARE ALSO AVAILABLE ON ITS OWN WEBSITE AT WWW.PCRM.ORG. PHYSICIANS COMMITTEES FORM 990 IS ALSO AVAILABLE ON OTHER SITES SUCH AS WWW.GUIDESTAR.ORG. PHYSICIANS COMMITTEE MAKES ITS CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND OTHER GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE ON AN AS NEEDED BASIS, SUBJECT TO THE DISCRETION OF THE ORGANIZATION. |
| Sch C Part IV schedule | SChedule C, Part II-A affiliated group members schedule. |
| Software ID: | 18007218 |
| Software Version: | 2018v3.1 |