TY 2019 Form 990

(A) Name and title	(B) Average hours per week (list any hours for related organizations below dotted line)	(C) Position (do not check more than one box, unless person is both an officer and a director/trustee)	(E) Reportable compensation from related organizations (W-2/1099-MISC)	(F) Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
(1) STACY PAGOS HALLER...................................................................... PRESIDENT/CEO	55.00 .................		X			416,096	63,402
(2) NANCY LYNN...................................................................... SR. VP STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS	45.00 .................			X		241,169	50,733
(3) R BRIAN ELDERTON...................................................................... SR. VP, DEVELOPMENT	45.00 .................			X		232,297	46,582
(4) DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA...................................................................... VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	45.00 .................			X		163,142	59,485
(5) DIANE BOVENKAMP PHD...................................................................... VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	45.00 .................			X		168,414	19,191
(6) MICHAEL BUCKLEY...................................................................... VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	45.00 .................			X		159,632	17,866
(7) JEFFREY HONAKER...................................................................... SR. MANAGER OPERATIONS & BUILDING	40.00 .................				X	102,086	38,608
(8) EDWARD BERGER...................................................................... MANAGER OF ONLINE OPERATIONS	40.00 .................				X	104,558	28,796
(9) KEITH WHITAKER DIR OF...................................................................... SCIENT. PROGRAMS, NEUROSCIENCE	40.00 .................				X	101,567	26,009
(10) ALICE KIRKMAN...................................................................... COMMUNICATIONS MANAGER	40.00 .................				X	101,509	25,354
(11) PREETI SUBRAMANIAN DIR OF...................................................................... SCIENT. PROGRAMS, VISION SCIENCE	40.00 .................				X	107,815	3,499
(12) SCOTT RODGVILLE CPA...................................................................... CHAIR	7.00 .................	X	X			0	0
(13) PATRICIA M STEWART...................................................................... VICE CHAIR	4.00 .................	X	X			0	0
(14) DIANE I MARCELLO...................................................................... VICE CHAIR - UNTIL 06/2019	3.00 .................	X	X			0	0
(15) NICHOLAS W RAYMOND...................................................................... TREASURER	20.00 .................	X	X			0	0
(16) JUDITH F LEE...................................................................... SECRETARY	4.00 .................	X	X			0	0
(17) CECILIA ARRADAZA...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.00 .................	X				0	0

(A) Name and business address	(B) Description of services	(C) Compensation
RKD GROUP 35 PARKWOOD DRIVE SUITE 160 HOPKINTON,MA01748	PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSUL. & MATERIALS	7,844,059
BEACONFIRE REDENGINE 2300 CLARENDON BLVD SUITE 925 ARLINGTON,VA22201	ONLINE PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSULTING	515,510
DATA MANAGEMENT INC 160 STONE STREET STONEVILLE,NC27048	DATABASE MANAGEMENT	227,843
GOOGLE 1600 AMPHITHEATRE PARKWAY MOUNTAIN VIEW,CA94043	PUBLIC AWARENESS ADVERTISING	224,405
GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION 2977 STEWART LOOP UNIT B FORT MEADE,MD20755	BUILDING & OFFICE SUPPLIES	199,501
2 Total number of independent contractors (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization 12

- TIN:

SCHEDULE A
(Form 990 or 990EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Public Charity Status and Public Support

Complete if the organization is a section 501(c)(3) organization or a section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust.
right arrow

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
right arrow

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Reason for Public Charity Status (All organizations must complete this part.) See instructions.

The organization is not a private foundation because it is: (For lines 1 through 12, check only one box.)

A church, convention of churches, or association of churches described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(i).

A school described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii). (Attach Schedule E (Form 990 or 990-EZ).)

A hospital or a cooperative hospital service organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iii).

A medical research organization operated in conjunction with a hospital described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iii). Enter the hospital's name, city, and state:

An organization operated for the benefit of a college or university owned or operated by a governmental unit described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iv). (Complete Part II.)

A federal, state, or local government or governmental unit described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(v).

An organization that normally receives a substantial part of its support from a governmental unit or from the general public described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi). (Complete Part II.)

A community trust described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi). (Complete Part II.)

An agricultural research organization described in 170(b)(1)(A)(ix) operated in conjunction with a land-grant college or university or a non-land grant college of agriculture. See instructions. Enter the name, city, and state of the college or university:

An organization that normally receives: (1) more than 331/3% of its support from contributions, membership fees, and gross receipts from activities related to its exempt functions—subject to certain exceptions, and (2) no more than 331/3% of its support from gross investment income and unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 tax) from businesses acquired by the organization after June 30, 1975. See section 509(a)(2). (Complete Part III.)

An organization organized and operated exclusively to test for public safety. See section 509(a)(4).

An organization organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of, to perform the functions of, or to carry out the purposes of one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or section 509(a)(2). See section 509(a)(3). Check the box in lines 12a through 12d that describes the type of supporting organization and complete lines 12e, 12f, and 12g.

Type I. A supporting organization operated, supervised, or controlled by its supported organization(s), typically by giving the supported organization(s) the power to regularly appoint or elect a majority of the directors or trustees of the supporting organization. You must complete Part IV, Sections A and B.

Type II. A supporting organization supervised or controlled in connection with its supported organization(s), by having control or management of the supporting organization vested in the same persons that control or manage the supported organization(s). You must complete Part IV, Sections A and C.

Type III functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection with, and functionally integrated with, its supported organization(s) (see instructions). You must complete Part IV, Sections A, D, and E.

Type III non-functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection with its supported organization(s) that is not functionally integrated. The organization generally must satisfy a distribution requirement and an attentiveness requirement (see instructions). You must complete Part IV, Sections A and D, and Part V.

Check this box if the organization received a written determination from the IRS that it is a Type I, Type II, Type III functionally integrated, or Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organization.

Enter the number of supported organizations ...............................

Provide the following information about the supported organization(s).

(i) Name of supported organization	(ii) EIN	(iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document?		(v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions)	(vi) Amount of other support (see instructions)
(i) Name of supported organization	(ii) EIN	Yes	No	(v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions)	(vi) Amount of other support (see instructions)


Total

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for
Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 11285F

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 2

Part II

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Sections 170(b)(1)(A)(iv) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 5, 7, or 8 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part III. If the organization failed to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part III.)

Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2015	(b) 2016	(c) 2017	(d) 2018	(e) 2019	(f) Total
1	Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grant.") ..	29,220,730	30,692,507	32,362,197	39,635,190	35,740,875	167,651,499
2	Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf....
3	The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..
4	Total. Add lines 1 through 3	29,220,730	30,692,507	32,362,197	39,635,190	35,740,875	167,651,499
5	The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f)..
6	Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4.						167,651,499

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2015	(b) 2016	(c) 2017	(d) 2018	(e) 2019	(f) Total
7	Amounts from line 4..	29,220,730	30,692,507	32,362,197	39,635,190	35,740,875	167,651,499
8	Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources...	1,578,975	1,622,675	1,641,767	1,925,519	2,176,998	8,945,934
9	Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on..
10	Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.)..
11	Total support. Add lines 7 through 10						176,597,433

Gross receipts from related activities, etc. (see instructions) ..................

133,900

First five years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization, check this box and stop here........................................ right arrow

Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

Public support percentage for 2019 (line 6, column (f) divided by line 11, column (f)) .........

94.930 %

Public support percentage for 2018 Schedule A, Part II, line 14 ...............

95.010 %

16a

33 1/3% support test—2019. If the organization did not check the box on line 13, and line 14 is 33 1/3% or more, check this box
and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ....................... right arrow

33 1/3% support test—2018. If the organization did not check a box on line 13 or 16a, and line 15 is 33 1/3% or more, check this
box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ..................... right arrow

17a

10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2019. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, or 16b, and line 14
is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here. Explain
in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported
organization ..................................................... right arrow

10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2018. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, or 17a, and line
15 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here.
Explain in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly
supported organization ................................................ right arrow

Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, 17a, or 17b, check this box and see
instructions ..................................................... right arrow

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 3

Part III

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Section 509(a)(2)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 10 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part II. If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part II.)

Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2015	(b) 2016	(c) 2017	(d) 2018	(e) 2019	(f) Total
1	Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") .
2	Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose
3	Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513 .....
4	Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf...
5	The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge
6	Total. Add lines 1 through 5
7a	Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons
b	Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year.
c	Add lines 7a and 7b..
8	Public support. (Subtract line 7c from line 6.)

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2015	(b) 2016	(c) 2017	(d) 2018	(e) 2019	(f) Total
9	Amounts from line 6...
10a	Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources..
b	Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975.
c	Add lines 10a and 10b.
11	Net income from unrelated business activities not included in line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.
12	Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) ..
13	Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.)..

First five years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization,
check this box and stop here............................................. right arrow

Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

Public support percentage for 2019 (line 8, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f)) .........

Public support percentage from 2018 Schedule A, Part III, line 15 ...............

Section D. Computation of Investment Income Percentage

Investment income percentage for 2019 (line 10c, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f)) ......

Investment income percentage from 2018 Schedule A, Part III, line 17 .............

19a

331/3% support tests—2019. If the organization did not check the box on line 14, and line 15 is more than 33 1/3%, and line 17 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ....... right arrow

33 1/3% support tests—2018. If the organization did not check a box on line 14 or line 19a, and line 16 is more than 33 1/3% and line 18 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization .... right arrow

Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 14, 19a, or 19b, check this box and see instructions .... right arrow

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 4

Part IV

Supporting Organizations

(Complete only if you checked a box on line 12 of Part I. If you checked 12a of Part I, complete Sections A and B. If you checked 12b of Part I, complete Sections A and C. If you checked 12c of Part I, complete Sections A, D, and E. If you checked 12d of Part I, complete Sections A and D, and complete Part V.)

Section A. All Supporting Organizations

Yes

Are all of the organization’s supported organizations listed by name in the organization’s governing documents?
If "No," describe in Part VI how the supported organizations are designated. If designated by class or purpose,
describe the designation. If historic and continuing relationship, explain.

Did the organization have any supported organization that does not have an IRS determination of status under section 509(a)(1) or (2)? If "Yes," explain in Part VI how the organization determined that the supported organization was described in section 509(a)(1) or (2).

Did the organization have a supported organization described in section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6)? If "Yes," answer (b) and (c) below.

Did the organization confirm that each supported organization qualified under section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) and satisfied the public support tests under section 509(a)(2)? If "Yes," describe in Part VI when and how the organization made the determination.

Did the organization ensure that all support to such organizations was used exclusively for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes? If "Yes," explain in Part VI what controls the organization put in place to ensure such use.

Was any supported organization not organized in the United States ("foreign supported organization")? If “Yes” and if you checked 12a or 12b in Part I, answer (b) and (c) below.

Did the organization have ultimate control and discretion in deciding whether to make grants to the foreign supported organization? If “Yes,” describe in Part VI how the organization had such control and discretion despite being controlled or supervised by or in connection with its supported organizations.

Did the organization support any foreign supported organization that does not have an IRS determination under sections 501(c)(3) and 509(a)(1) or (2)? If “Yes,” explain in Part VI what controls the organization used to ensure that all support to the foreign supported organization was used exclusively for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes.

Did the organization add, substitute, or remove any supported organizations during the tax year? If “Yes,” answer (b) and (c) below (if applicable). Also, provide detail in Part VI, including (i) the names and EIN numbers of the supported organizations added, substituted, or removed; (ii) the reasons for each such action; (iii) the authority under the organization's organizing document authorizing such action; and (iv) how the action was accomplished (such as by amendment to the organizing document).

Type I or Type II only. Was any added or substituted supported organization part of a class already designated in the organization's organizing document?

Substitutions only. Was the substitution the result of an event beyond the organization's control?

Did the organization provide support (whether in the form of grants or the provision of services or facilities) to anyone other than (i) its supported organizations, (ii) individuals that are part of the charitable class benefited by one or more of its supported organizations, or (iii) other supporting organizations that also support or benefit one or more of the filing organization’s supported organizations? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did the organization provide a grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment to a substantial contributor (defined in section 4958(c)(3)(C)), a family member of a substantial contributor, or a 35% controlled entity with regard to a substantial contributor? If “Yes,” complete Part I of Schedule L (Form 990 or 990-EZ) .

Did the organization make a loan to a disqualified person (as defined in section 4958) not described in line 7? If “Yes,” complete Part I of Schedule L (Form 990 or 990-EZ).

Was the organization controlled directly or indirectly at any time during the tax year by one or more disqualified persons as defined in section 4946 (other than foundation managers and organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or (2))? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did one or more disqualified persons (as defined in line 9a) hold a controlling interest in any entity in which the supporting organization had an interest? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did a disqualified person (as defined in line 9a) have an ownership interest in, or derive any personal benefit from, assets in which the supporting organization also had an interest? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

10a

Was the organization subject to the excess business holdings rules of section 4943 because of section 4943(f) (regarding certain Type II supporting organizations, and all Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organizations)? If “Yes,” answer line 10b below.

10a

Did the organization have any excess business holdings in the tax year? (Use Schedule C, Form 4720, to determine whether the organization had excess business holdings).

10b

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 5

Part IV

Supporting Organizations (continued)

Yes

Has the organization accepted a gift or contribution from any of the following persons?

A person who directly or indirectly controls, either alone or together with persons described in (b) and (c) below, the governing body of a supported organization?

11a

A family member of a person described in (a) above?

11b

A 35% controlled entity of a person described in (a) or (b) above? If “Yes” to a, b, or c, provide detail in Part VI.

11c

Section B. Type I Supporting Organizations

Yes

Did the directors, trustees, or membership of one or more supported organizations have the power to regularly appoint or elect at least a majority of the organization’s directors or trustees at all times during the tax year? If “No,” describe in Part VI how the supported organization(s) effectively operated, supervised, or controlled the organization’s activities. If the organization had more than one supported organization, describe how the powers to appoint and/or remove directors or trustees were allocated among the supported organizations and what conditions or restrictions, if any, applied to such powers during the tax year.

Did the organization operate for the benefit of any supported organization other than the supported organization(s) that operated, supervised, or controlled the supporting organization? If “Yes,” explain in Part VI how providing such benefit carried out the purposes of the supported organization(s) that operated, supervised or controlled the supporting organization.

Section C. Type II Supporting Organizations

Yes

Were a majority of the organization’s directors or trustees during the tax year also a majority of the directors or trustees of each of the organization’s supported organization(s)? If “No,” describe in Part VI how control or management of the supporting organization was vested in the same persons that controlled or managed the supported organization(s).

Section D. All Type III Supporting Organizations

Yes

Did the organization provide to each of its supported organizations, by the last day of the fifth month of the organization’s tax year, (i) a written notice describing the type and amount of support provided during the prior tax year, (ii) a copy of the Form 990 that was most recently filed as of the date of notification, and (iii) copies of the organization’s governing documents in effect on the date of notification, to the extent not previously provided?

Were any of the organization’s officers, directors, or trustees either (i) appointed or elected by the supported organization(s) or (ii) serving on the governing body of a supported organization? If "No," explain in Part VI how the organization maintained a close and continuous working relationship with the supported organization(s).

By reason of the relationship described in (2), did the organization’s supported organizations have a significant voice in the organization’s investment policies and in directing the use of the organization’s income or assets at all times during the tax year? If "Yes," describe in Part VI the role the organization’s supported organizations played in this regard.

Section E. Type III Functionally-Integrated Supporting Organizations

Check the box next to the method that the organization used to satisfy the Integral Part Test during the year (see instructions):

The organization satisfied the Activities Test. Complete line 2 below.

The organization is the parent of each of its supported organizations. Complete line 3 below.

The organization supported a governmental entity. Describe in Part VI how you supported a government entity (see instructions)

Activities Test. Answer (a) and (b) below.

Yes

Did substantially all of the organization’s activities during the tax year directly further the exempt purposes of the supported organization(s) to which the organization was responsive? If "Yes," then in Part VI identify those supported organizations and explain how these activities directly furthered their exempt purposes, how the organization was responsive to those supported organizations, and how the organization determined that these activities constituted substantially all of its activities.

Did the activities described in (a) constitute activities that, but for the organization’s involvement, one or more of the organization’s supported organization(s) would have been engaged in? If "Yes," explain in Part VI the reasons for the organization’s position that its supported organization(s) would have engaged in these activities but for the organization’s involvement.

Parent of Supported Organizations. Answer (a) and (b) below.

Did the organization have the power to regularly appoint or elect a majority of the officers, directors, or trustees of each of the supported organizations? Provide details in Part VI.

Did the organization exercise a substantial degree of direction over the policies, programs and activities of each of its supported organizations? If "Yes," describe in Part VI. the role played by the organization in this regard.

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 6

Part V

Type III Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations

Check here if the organization satisfied the Integral Part Test as a qualifying trust on Nov. 20, 1970 (explain in Part VI). See instructions. All other Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organizations must complete Sections A through E.

	Section A - Adjusted Net Income		(A) Prior Year	(B) Current Year (optional)
1	Net short-term capital gain	1
2	Recoveries of prior-year distributions	2
3	Other gross income (see instructions)	3
4	Add lines 1 through 3	4
5	Depreciation and depletion	5
6	Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions)	6
7	Other expenses (see instructions)	7
8	Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4)	8

	Section B - Minimum Asset Amount		(A) Prior Year	(B) Current Year (optional)
1	Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year):	1
a	Average monthly value of securities	1a
b	Average monthly cash balances	1b
c	Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets	1c
d	Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c)	1d
e	Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI):
2	Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets	2
3	Subtract line 2 from line 1d	3
4	Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 1-1/2% of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions).	4
5	Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3)	5
6	Multiply line 5 by .035	6
7	Recoveries of prior-year distributions	7
8	Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6)	8

	Section C - Distributable Amount		Current Year
1	Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A)	1
2	Enter 85% of line 1	2
3	Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A)	3
4	Enter greater of line 2 or line 3	4
5	Income tax imposed in prior year	5
6	Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions)	6

Check here if the current year is the organization's first as a non-functionally-integrated Type III supporting organization (see instructions)

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 7

Part V

Type III Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations(continued)

Section D - Distributions		Current Year
1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes
2 Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity
3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations
4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets
5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required)
6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions
7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6.
8 Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions
9 Distributable amount for 2019 from Section C, line 6
10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount

Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions)		(i) Excess Distributions	(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2019	(iii) Distributable Amount for 2019
1 Distributable amount for 2019 from Section C, line 6
2 Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2019 (reasonable cause required-- explain in Part VI). See instructions.
3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2019:
a From 2014.......
b From 2015.......
c From 2016.......
d From 2017.......
e From 2018.......
fTotal of lines 3a through e
g Applied to underdistributions of prior years
h Applied to 2019 distributable amount
i Carryover from 2014 not applied (see instructions)
j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from 3f.
4Distributions for 2019 from Section D, line 7:
$
a Applied to underdistributions of prior years
b Applied to 2019 distributable amount
c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from 4.
5 Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2019, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions.
6 Remaining underdistributions for 2019. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions.
7 Excess distributions carryover to 2020. Add lines 3j and 4c.
8 Breakdown of line 7:
a Excess from 2015.....
b Excess from 2016.....
c Excess from 2017.....
d Excess from 2018.....
e Excess from 2019.....

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) (2019)

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 8

Part VI

Supplemental Information. Provide the explanations required by Part II, line 10; Part II, line 17a or 17b; Part III, line 12; Part IV, Section A, lines 1, 2, 3b, 3c, 4b, 4c, 5a, 6, 9a, 9b, 9c, 11a, 11b, and 11c; Part IV, Section B, lines 1 and 2; Part IV, Section C, line 1; Part IV, Section D, lines 2 and 3; Part IV, Section E, lines 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b; Part V, line 1; Part V, Section B, line 1e; Part V Section D, lines 5, 6, and 8; and Part V, Section E, lines 2, 5, and 6. Also complete this part for any additional information. (See instructions).

Facts And Circumstances Test

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule B
(Form 990, 990-EZ,
or 990-PF)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Schedule of Contributors

Attach to Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Organization type (check one):

Filers of:

Section:

Form 990 or 990-EZ

501(c)( ) (enter number) organization

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust not treated as a private foundation

527 political organization

Form 990-PF

501(c)(3) exempt private foundation

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust treated as a private foundation

501(c)(3) taxable private foundation

Check if your organization is covered by the General Rule or a Special Rule.
Note: Only a section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) organization can check boxes for both the General Rule and a Special Rule. See instructions.

General Rule

For an organization filing Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF that received, during the year, contributions totaling $5,000 or more (in money or other property) from any one contributor. Complete Parts I and II. See instructions for determining a contributor's total contributions.

Special Rules

For an organization described in section 501(c)(3) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that met the 33¹/3% support test of the regulations
under sections 509(a)(1) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi), that checked Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ), Part II, line 13, 16a, or 16b, and that received from any one contributor, during the year, total contributions of the greater of (1) $5,000 or (2) 2% of the amount on (i) Form 990, Part VIII, line 1h, or (ii) Form 990-EZ, line 1. Complete Parts I and II.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, total contributions of more than $1,000 exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals. Complete Parts I, II, and III.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, contributions exclusively for religious, charitable, etc., purposes, but no such contributions totaled more than $1,000. If this box is checked, enter here the total contributions that were received during the year for an exclusively religious, charitable, etc., purpose. Don't complete any of the parts unless the General Rule applies to this organization because it received nonexclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions totaling $5,000 or more during the year ......... Arrow Bullet

Caution: An organization that isn't covered by the General Rule and/or the Special Rules doesn't file Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF), but it must answer “No” on Part IV, line 2, of its Form 990; or check the box on line H of its Form 990-EZ
or on its Form 990PF, Part I, line 2, to certify that it doesn't meet the filing requirements of Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF).

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions
for Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Cat. No. 30613XSchedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2019)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2019) Page 2

Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Part I Contributors	Contributors (see instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part I if additional space is needed.
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
RESTRICTED	,	$ RESTRICTED	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2019)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2019)

Page 3

Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION		Employer identification number 23-7337229

Part II	Noncash Property (see instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part II if additional space is needed.
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2019)

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2019)

Page 4


Name of organization BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION			Employer identification number 23-7337229
Part III Exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions to organizations described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) that total more than $1,000 for the year from any one contributor. Complete columns (a) through (e) and the following line entry. For organizations completing Part III, enter the total of exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions of $1,000 or less for the year. (Enter this information once. See instructions.) $ Use duplicate copies of Part III if additional space is needed.

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

Schedule B (Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF) (2019)

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE C
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Political Campaign and Lobbying Activities

For Organizations Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501(c) and section 527

SchCMd Bullet

Complete if the organization is described below. SchCMd Bullet

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
SchCMd Bullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Open to Public
Inspection

If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 3, or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 46 (Political Campaign Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and B. Do not complete Part I-C.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c) (other than section 501(c)(3)) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and C below. Do not complete Part I-B.
Round Bullet

Section 527 organizations: Complete Part I-A only.
If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 4, or Form 990-EZ, Part VI, line 47 (Lobbying Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-A. Do not complete Part II-B.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-B. Do not complete Part II-A.
If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 5 (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions) or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 35c (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) organizations: Complete Part III.

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c) or is a section 527 organization.

Provide a description of the organization’s direct and indirect political campaign activities in Part IV (see instructions for definition of “political campaign activities")

Political campaign activity expenditures (see instructions) .................................................................... SchCMd Bullet

Volunteer hours for political campaign activities (see instructions) ..................................................................

Part I-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by the organization under section 4955 ................................ SchCMd Bullet

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by organization managers under section 4955 ....................... SchCMd Bullet

If the organization incurred a section 4955 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? .........................................

Yes No

Was a correction made? ......................................................................................................................

Yes No

If "Yes," describe in Part IV.

Part I-C

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c), except section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount directly expended by the filing organization for section 527 exempt function activities ..... SchCMd Bullet

Enter the amount of the filing organization's funds contributed to other organizations for section 527 exempt function activities ............................................................................................................................ SchCMd Bullet

Total exempt function expenditures. Add lines 1 and 2. Enter here and on Form 1120-POL, line 17b........... SchCMd Bullet

Did the filing organization file Form 1120-POL for this year? ...................................................................

Yes No

Enter the names, addresses and employer identification number (EIN) of all section 527 political organizations to which the filing
organization made payments. For each organization listed, enter the amount paid from the filing organization’s funds. Also enter the amount of political contributions received that were promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization, such as a separate segregated fund or a political action committee (PAC). If additional space is needed, provide information in Part IV.

(a) Name	(b) Address	(c) EIN	(d) Amount paid from filing organization's funds. If none, enter -0-.	(e) Amount of political contributions received and promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization. If none, enter -0-.
1
2
3
4
5
6

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 50084S

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 2

Part II-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

A Check SchCMd Bullet

if the filing organization belongs to an affiliated group (and list in Part IV each affiliated group member's name, address, EIN, expenses, and share of excess lobbying expenditures).
B Check SchCMd Bullet

if the filing organization checked box A and "limited control" provisions apply.

Limits on Lobbying Expenditures (The term "expenditures" means amounts paid or incurred.)		(a) Filing organization's totals	(b) Affiliated group totals
1a	Total lobbying expenditures to influence public opinion (grass roots lobbying) ......................
b	Total lobbying expenditures to influence a legislative body (direct lobbying) ........................
c	Total lobbying expenditures (add lines 1a and 1b) ............................................................
d	Other exempt purpose expenditures ...............................................................................	41,820,370
e	Total exempt purpose expenditures (add lines 1c and 1d) ..................................................	41,820,370
f	Lobbying nontaxable amount. Enter the amount from the following table in both columns.	1,000,000
	If the amount on line 1e, column (a) or (b) is:The lobbying nontaxable amount is:
	Not over $500,00020% of the amount on line 1e.
	Over $500,000 but not over $1,000,000$100,000 plus 15% of the excess over $500,000.
	Over $1,000,000 but not over $1,500,000$175,000 plus 10% of the excess over $1,000,000.
	Over $1,500,000 but not over $17,000,000$225,000 plus 5% of the excess over $1,500,000.
	Over $17,000,000$1,000,000.

g	Grassroots nontaxable amount (enter 25% of line 1f) .................................................	250,000
h	Subtract line 1g from line 1a. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................................................	0
i	Subtract line 1f from line 1c. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................................................	0
j	If there is an amount other than zero on either line 1h or line 1i, did the organization file Form 4720 reporting section 4911 tax for this year? ...................................................................................................................		Yes No

4-Year Averaging Period Under Section 501(h) (Some organizations that made a section 501(h) election do not have to complete all of the five columns below. See the separate instructions for lines 2a through 2f.)
Lobbying Expenditures During 4-Year Averaging Period
	Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)	(a) 2016	(b) 2017	(c) 2018	(d) 2019	(e) Total

2a	Lobbying nontaxable amount	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000	4,000,000

b	Lobbying ceiling amount (150% of line 2a, column(e))					6,000,000

c	Total lobbying expenditures

d	Grassroots nontaxable amount	250,000	250,000	250,000	250,000	1,000,000

e	Grassroots ceiling amount (150% of line 2d, column (e))					1,500,000

f	Grassroots lobbying expenditures

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 3

Part II-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and has NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

For each "Yes" response on lines 1a through 1i below, provide in Part IV a detailed description of the lobbying activity.

(a)

Yes|No

(b)

Amount

During the year, did the filing organization attempt to influence foreign, national, state or local legislation, including any attempt to influence public opinion on a legislative matter or referendum, through the use of:

Volunteers? ...........................................................................................................

Paid staff or management (include compensation in expenses reported on lines 1c through 1i)? ........

Media advertisements? ...................................................................................................

Mailings to members, legislators, or the public? .............................................................................

Publications, or published or broadcast statements? ...........................................................

Grants to other organizations for lobbying purposes? ..........................................................

Direct contact with legislators, their staffs, government officials, or a legislative body? .......................

Rallies, demonstrations, seminars, conventions, speeches, lectures, or any similar means? ..................

Other activities? ...................................................................................................................

Total. Add lines 1c through 1i ....................................................................................................

Did the activities in line 1 cause the organization to be not described in section 501(c)(3)? .....

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred under section 4912 ...........................................

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred by organization managers under section 4912 ...................

If the filing organization incurred a section 4912 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? ........................

Part III-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6).

Yes

Were substantially all (90% or more) dues received nondeductible by members? ...............................................

Did the organization make only in-house lobbying expenditures of $2,000 or less? ............................................

Did the organization agree to carry over lobbying and political expenditures from the prior year? .................................

Part III-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6) and if either (a) BOTH Part III-A, lines 1 and 2, are answered "No" OR (b) Part III-A, line 3, is answered “Yes."

Dues, assessments and similar amounts from members ......................................................................

Section 162(e) nondeductible lobbying and political expenditures (do not include amounts of political expenses for which the section 527(f) tax was paid).

Current year .............................................................................................................................

Carryover from last year ............................................................................................................

Total ...........................................................................................................................................

Aggregate amount reported in section 6033(e)(1)(A) notices of nondeductible section 162(e) dues .

If notices were sent and the amount on line 2c exceeds the amount on line 3, what portion of the excess does the organization agree to carryover to the reasonable estimate of nondeductible lobbying and political expenditure next year? ......................................................................................................................

Taxable amount of lobbying and political expenditures (see instructions) .........................................

Part IV

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part l-A, line 1; Part l-B, line 4; Part l-C, line 5; Part II-A (affiliated group list); Part II-A, lines 1 and 2 (see instructions), and Part ll-B, line 1. Also, complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule C (Form 990 or 990EZ) 2019

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE D
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Financial Statements

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," on Form 990,
Part IV, line 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 12a, or 12b.
SchDMd Bullet

Attach to Form 990.
SchDMd Bullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Organizations Maintaining Donor Advised Funds or Other Similar Funds or Accounts. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 6.

		(a) Donor advised funds	(b) Funds and other accounts
1	Total number at end of year .........
2	Aggregate value of contributions to (during year)
3	Aggregate value of grants from (during year)
4	Aggregate value at end of year ........

Did the organization inform all donors and donor advisors in writing that the assets held in donor advised funds are the organization’s property, subject to the organization’s exclusive legal control? ............

Yes No

Did the organization inform all grantees, donors, and donor advisors in writing that grant funds can be used only for charitable purposes and not for the benefit of the donor or donor advisor, or for any other purpose conferring impermissible private benefit? ...................................

Yes No

Part II

Conservation Easements.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 7.

Purpose(s) of conservation easements held by the organization (check all that apply).

Preservation of land for public use (e.g., recreation or education) Preservation of an historically important land area

Protection of natural habitat Preservation of a certified historic structure

Preservation of open space

Complete lines 2a through 2d if the organization held a qualified conservation contribution in the form of a conservation easement on the last day of the tax year.


a	Total number of conservation easements ......................	2a
b	Total acreage restricted by conservation easements ....................	2b
c	Number of conservation easements on a certified historic structure included in (a) .....	2c
d	Number of conservation easements included in (c) acquired after 7/25/06, and not on a historic structure listed in the National Register ...	2d

Number of conservation easements modified, transferred, released, extinguished, or terminated by the organization during the
tax year SchDMd Bullet

Number of states where property subject to conservation easement is located SchDMd Bullet

Does the organization have a written policy regarding the periodic monitoring, inspection, handling of violations, and enforcement of the conservation easements it holds? ............

Yes No

Staff and volunteer hours devoted to monitoring, inspecting, handling of violations, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
SchDMd Bullet

Amount of expenses incurred in monitoring, inspecting, handling of violations, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
SchDMd Bullet

Does each conservation easement reported on line 2(d) above satisfy the requirements of section 170(h)(4)(B)(i) and section 170(h)(4)(B)(ii)? .............................

Yes No

In Part XIII, describe how the organization reports conservation easements in its revenue and expense statement, and
balance sheet, and include, if applicable, the text of the footnote to the organization’s financial statements that describes
the organization’s accounting for conservation easements.

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 8.

If the organization elected, as permitted under FASB ASC 958, not to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide, in Part XIII, the text of the footnote to its financial statements that describes these items.

If the organization elected, as permitted under FASB ASC 958, to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide the following amounts relating to these items:

(i)

Revenue included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 ......................... SchDMd Bullet

(ii)

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... SchDMd Bullet

If the organization received or held works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets for financial gain, provide the
following amounts required to be reported under FASB ASC 958 relating to these items:

Revenue included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 .......................... SchDMd Bullet

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... SchDMd Bullet

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 52283D

Schedule D (Form 990) 2019

Page 2

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets (continued)

Using the organization’s acquisition, accession, and other records, check any of the following that are a significant use of its collection items (check all that apply):

Public exhibition

Loan or exchange programs

Scholarly research

Other

Preservation for future generations

Provide a description of the organization’s collections and explain how they further the organization’s exempt purpose in
Part XIII.

During the year, did the organization solicit or receive donations of art, historical treasures or other similar
assets to be sold to raise funds rather than to be maintained as part of the organization’s collection?...

Yes No

Part IV

Escrow and Custodial Arrangements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 9, or reported an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21.

Is the organization an agent, trustee, custodian or other intermediary for contributions or other assets not
included on Form 990, Part X? ....................................

Yes No


b	If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII and complete the following table:		Amount
c	Beginning balance .............................	1c
d	Additions during the year ............................	1d
e	Distributions during the year ..........................	1e
f	Ending balance ................................	1f

Did the organization include an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21, for escrow or custodial account liability? ...

Yes No

If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII. Check here if the explanation has been provided in Part XIII ....

Part V

Endowment Funds.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 10.

		(a) Current year	(b) Prior year	(c) Two years back	(d) Three years back	(e) Four years back

1a	Beginning of year balance ....	302,000	320,000	90,000	90,000	90,000
b	Contributions ...	14,778	14,385	234,806	4,332	4,344
c	Net investment earnings, gains, and losses		-18,000	10,000
d	Grants or scholarships ...
e	Other expenditures for facilities and programs ...	14,778	14,385	14,806	4,332	4,344
f	Administrative expenses ....
g	End of year balance ......	302,000	302,000	320,000	90,000	90,000

Provide the estimated percentage of the current year end balance (line 1g, column (a)) held as:

Board designated or quasi-endowment SchDMd Bullet

0 %

Permanent endowment SchDMd Bullet

100.000 %

Term endowment SchDMd Bullet

0 %

The percentages on lines 2a, 2b, and 2c should equal 100%.

Are there endowment funds not in the possession of the organization that are held and administered for the
organization by:

Yes

(i) Unrelated organizations .................

3a(i)

Yes

(ii) Related organizations .................

3a(ii)

If "Yes" on 3a(ii), are the related organizations listed as required on Schedule R? .........

Describe in Part XIII the intended uses of the organization's endowment funds.

Part VI

Land, Buildings, and Equipment.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 11a. See Form 990, Part X, line 10.

Description of property		(a) Cost or other basis (investment)	(b) Cost or other basis (other)	(c) Accumulated depreciation	(d) Book value

1a	Land .....	2,800,000	1,147,363		3,947,363
b	Buildings ....	1,629,400	5,145,421	3,414,336	3,360,485
c	Leasehold improvements
d	Equipment ....		1,314,819	1,042,012	272,807
e	Other .....		201,076	184,875	16,201
Total. Add lines 1a through 1e. (Column (d) must equal Form 990, Part X, column (B), line 10(c).)..					7,596,856

Schedule D (Form 990) 2019

Page 3

Part VII

InvestmentsOther Securities.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 11b. See Form 990, Part X, line 12.

(a) Description of security or category (including name of security)	(b) Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value
(1) Financial derivatives.........
(2) Closely-held equity interests........
(3)Other
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
(I)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col. (B) line 12.)

Part VIII

InvestmentsProgram Related. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11c. See Form 990, Part X, line 13.

(a) Description of investment	(b) Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 13.)

Part IX

Other Assets.
Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11d. See Form 990, Part X, line 15.

(a) Description				(b) Book value

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 15.)...........

Part X

Other Liabilities.
Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11e or 11f. See Form 990, Part X, line 25.

1.(a) Description of liability	(b) Book value
(1) Federal income taxes
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 25.)	1,072,605
2. Liability for uncertain tax positions. In Part XIII, provide the text of the footnote to the organization's financial statements that reports the organization's liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC 740). Check here if the text of the footnote has been provided in Part XIII

Schedule D (Form 990) 2019

Page 4

Part XI Reconciliation of Revenue per Audited Financial Statements With Revenue per Return. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total revenue, gains, and other support per audited financial statements .......			1	51,305,514
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12:
a	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments ....	2a	-2,372,913
b	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2b	16,266,962
c	Recoveries of prior year grants ...........	2c	233,154
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	2d	27,268
e	Add lines 2a through 2d .....................			2e	14,154,471
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1..................			3	37,151,043
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b .	4a	287,562
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ...........	4b	-41,779
c	Add lines 4a and 4b....................			4c	245,783
5	Total revenue. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 12.) ......			5	37,396,826

Part XII Reconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Statements With Expenses per Return. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total expenses and losses per audited financial statements ...........			1	59,190,759
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part IX, line 25:
a	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2a	16,266,962
b	Prior year adjustments ............	2b
c	Other losses ................	2c
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	2d	27,268
e	Add lines 2a through 2d....................			2e	16,294,230
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1...................			3	42,896,529
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part IX, line 25, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b ..	4a	287,562
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	4b	-332,577
c	Add lines 4a and 4b.....................			4c	-45,015
5	Total expenses. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 18.) ......			5	42,851,514

Part XIII

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part II, lines 3, 5, and 9; Part III, lines 1a and 4; Part lV, lines 1b and 2b; Part V, line 4; Part X, line 2; Part XI, lines 2d and 4b; and Part XII, lines 2d and 4b. Also complete this part to provide any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
PART V, LINE 4:	THE EARNINGS ON THIS ENDOWMENT ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAM, ARE RECORDED AS TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED INVESTMENT INCOME, AND ARE RELEASED AS SPENT.
PART X, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS PERFORMED AN EVALUATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2020, AND DETERMINED THAT THERE WERE NO MATTERS THAT WOULD REQUIRE RECOGNITION IN THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OR THAT MAY HAVE ANY EFFECT ON ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS.
PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	SPECIAL EVENT EXPENSE 27,268.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779.
PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	SPECIAL EVENT EXPENSE 27,268.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS -290,798.

Schedule D (Form 990) 2019

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE F(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Statement of Activities Outside the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 14b, 15, or 16. Right pointing arrow large image

Attach to Form 990. Right pointing arrow large image

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

General Information on Activities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 14b.

For grantmakers. Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of its grants and

other assistance, the grantees’ eligibility for the grants or assistance, and the selection criteria used

to award the grants or assistance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes

For grantmakers. Describe in Part V the organization’s procedures for monitoring the use of its grants and other assistance outside the United States.

Activites per Region. (The following Part I, line 3 table can be duplicated if additional space is needed.)

(a) Region		(b) Number of offices in the region	(c) Number of employees, agents, and independent contractors in the region	(d) Activities conducted in region (by type) (such as, fundraising, program services, investments, grants to recipients located in the region)	(f) Total expenditures for and investments in the region
	EUROPE	0	0	GRANTMAKING	1,214,004
	EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	0	0	GRANTMAKING	378,000
	NORTH AMERICA	0	0	GRANTMAKING	197,696














3a	Sub-total ....	0	0		1,789,700
b	Total from continuation sheets to Part I ...	0	0		0
c	Totals (add lines 3a and 3b)	0	0		1,789,700

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.Cat. No. 50082W Schedule F (Form 990) 2019

Schedule F (Form 990) 2019

Page 2

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations or Entities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 15, for any recipient who received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(c) Region	(d) Purpose of grant	(e) Amount of cash grant	(f) Manner of cash disbursement
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JINGHUI LUO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201759S)	100,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	AD RESEARCH BY LUCIA CHAVEZ-GUTIERREZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201828S)	299,823	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY THOMAS KARIKARI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020812F)	200,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH CONFERENCE SUPPORT	94,181	WIRE TRANSFER
NORTH AMERICA	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY AMANDA MELIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020047)	197,696	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ALBERTA THIADENS, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020116)	150,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KATHRYN BURDON, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020293)	198,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY WEIYONG SHEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020032)	180,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY SABRINA CARRELLA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020184)	185,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	MD RESEARCH BY CHRISTOPHER HAMMOND, MD, ENTITLED: (M2020277)	185,000	WIRE TRANSFER

2	Enter total number of recipient organizations listed above that are recognized as charities by the foreign country, recognized as tax-exempt by the IRS, or for which the grantee or counsel has provided a section 501(c)(3) equivalency letter .......	10
3	Enter total number of other organizations or entities .......................	0

Schedule F (Form 990) 2019

Schedule F (Form 990) 2019Page 3

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Individuals Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 16.

Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Type of grant or assistance		(b) Region	(c) Number of recipients	(d) Amount of cash grant	(e) Manner of cash disbursement	(f) Amount of noncash assistance	(g) Description of noncash assistance	(h) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)

Schedule F (Form 990) 2019

Page 4

Part IV

Foreign Forms

Schedule F (Form 990) 2019

Page 5

Part V

Supplemental Information
Provide the information required by Part I, line 2 (monitoring of funds); Part I, line 3, column (f) (accounting method; amounts of investments vs. expenditures per region); Part II, line 1 (accounting method); Part III (accounting method); and Part III, column (c) (estimated number of recipients), as applicable. Also complete this part to provide any additional information. See instructions.

ReturnReference	Explanation
PART I, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE, INCLUDING MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CATEGORY NORMALIZED CITATION IMPACT ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO AN UNBIASED COMPARISON OF IMPACT PERFORMANCE VERSUS THE WORLD AVERAGE. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS WERE RECENTLY CITED AT 2 TIMES THE FREQUENCY OF THE WORLD AVERAGE. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR FOLLOW-ON PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT, WITH VALUES UP TO 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORTS, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.
PART I, LINE 3:	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTED THE EXPENDITURES BASED ON THE ACCOUNTING METHOD USED IN ITS AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WHICH IS ON AN ACCRUAL BASIS.
PART III ACCOUNTING METHOD:
PART II, LINE 1	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTED THE EXPENDITURES BASED ON THE ACCOUNTING METHOD USED IN ITS AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WHICH IS ON AN ACCRUAL BASIS.

Schedule F (Form 990) 2019

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE G (Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information Regarding
Fundraising or Gaming Activities

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 17, 18, or 19, or if the organization entered more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a. right arrow

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
right arrow

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Fundraising Activities.Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 17.

Form 990-EZ filers are not required to complete this part.

Indicate whether the organization raised funds through any of the following activities. Check all that apply.

a	Mail solicitations	e	Solicitation of non-government grants
b	Internet and email solicitations	f	Solicitation of government grants
c	Phone solicitations	g	Special fundraising events
d	In-person solicitations

Did the organization have a written or oral agreement with any individual (including officers, directors, trustees

or key employees listed in Form 990, Part VII) or entity in connection with professional fundraising services?

YesNo

If "Yes," list the 10 highest paid individuals or entities (fundraisers) pursuant to agreements under which the fundraiser is
to be compensated at least $5,000 by the organization.

(i) Name and address of individual or entity (fundraiser)		(ii) Activity	(iii) Did fundraiser have custody or control of contributions?		(iv) Gross receipts from activity	(v) Amount paid to (or retained by) fundraiser listed in col. (i)	(vi) Amount paid to (or retained by) organization
			Yes	No
	RKD GROUP 35 PARKWOOD DRIVE STE 160 HOPKINTON, MA01748	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT		No	24,518,985	480,205	24,038,780
	BEACONFIRE REDENGINE 2300 CLARENDON BLVD STE 925 ARLINGTON, VA22201	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT		No	1,500,034	263,377	1,236,657








Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .					26,019,019	743,582	25,275,437

List all states in which the organization is registered or licensed to solicit contributions or has been notified it is exempt from registration or licensing.

AK, AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, GA, HI, IL, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, UT, VA, WA, WI, WV

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 50083H

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 2

Part II

Fundraising Events. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 18, or reported more than $15,000 of fundraising event contributions and gross income on Form 990-EZ, lines 1 and 6b. List events with gross receipts greater than $5,000.

		(a) Event #1 AN EVENING OF BRIGHTFOCUS (event type)	(d) Total events (add col. (a) through col. (c))
1	Gross receipts . . . . .	256,860	256,860
2	Less: Contributions . . . .	220,360	220,360
3	Gross income (line 1 minus line 2) . . . . . .	36,500	36,500

4	Cash prizes . . . . .
5	Noncash prizes . . . .
6	Rent/facility costs . . . .	21,863	21,863
7	Food and beverages . . .	97,085	97,085
8	Entertainment . . . .	62,485	62,485
9	Other direct expenses . . .	130,757	130,757
10	Direct expense summary. Add lines 4 through 9 in column (d) . . . . . . . . . .		312,190
11	Net income summary. Subtract line 10 from line 3, column (d). . . . . . . . . .		-275,690

Part III

Gaming. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 19, or reported more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a.

		(a) Bingo	(b) Pull tabs/Instant bingo/progressive bingo	(c) Other gaming	(d) Total gaming (add col.(a) through col.(c))
1	Gross revenue . . . . .

2	Cash prizes . . . . .
3	Noncash prizes . . . .
4	Rent/facility costs . . . .
5	Other direct expenses . . .

Volunteer labor . . . .

	Yes %
	No

	Yes %
	No

	Yes %
	No

Direct expense summary. Add lines 2 through 5 in column (d) . . . . . . . . . . right arrow

Net gaming income summary. Subtract line 7 from line 1, column (d). . . . . . . . . right arrow

Enter the state(s) in which the organization conducts gaming activities:

Is the organization licensed to conduct gaming activities in each of these states? . . . . . . . .

YesNo

If "No," explain:

10a

Were any of the organization's gaming licenses revoked, suspended or terminated during the tax year? . . .

YesNo

If "Yes," explain:

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Page 3

Does the organization conduct gaming activities with nonmembers? . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Is the organization a grantor, beneficiary or trustee of a trust or a member of a partnership or other entity

formed to administer charitable gaming? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Indicate the percentage of gaming activity conducted in:

The organization's facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13a

An outside facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13b

Enter the name and address of the person who prepares the organization's gaming/special events books and records:

Name

Address

15a

Does the organization have a contract with a third party from whom the organization receives gaming

revenue? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

If "Yes," enter the amount of gaming revenue received by the organization right arrow

$ and the

amount of gaming revenue retained by the third party right arrow

$ .

If "Yes," enter name and address of the third party:

Name

Address

Gaming manager information:

Name

Gaming manager compensation right arrow

Description of services provided right arrow

Director/officer Employee Independent contractor

Mandatory distributions:

Is the organization required under state law to make charitable distributions from the gaming proceeds to

retain the state gaming license? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Enter the amount of distributions required under state law distributed to other exempt organizations or spent

in the organization's own exempt activities during the tax year right arrow

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the explanations required by Part I, line 2b, columns (iii) and (v); and Part III, lines 9, 9b, 10b, 15b, 15c, 16, and 17b, as applicable. Also provide any additional information. See instructions.

Return Reference	Explanation
SCHEDULE G, PART I, LINE 2B, COLUMN (V)	IN THE CONTRACT WITH RKD GROUP, THE MANAGEMENT FEES ARE FIXED AMOUNTS PER MONTH FOR IN-SCOPE SERVICES THAT TOTALS $1,053,600 PER YEAR OF WHICH $573,395 HAS BEEN ALLOCATED UNDER PART XI, LINE 11(G) TO PROGRAM AND MANAGEMENT AND ARE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE THE PROFESSIONAL FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE.

Schedule G (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Note: To capture the full content of this document, please select landscape mode (11" x 8.5") when printing.

Schedule I
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations,
Governments and Individuals in the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," on Form 990, Part IV, line 21 or 22.
lBullet

Attach to Form 990.
lBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization
BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number
23-7337229

Part I

General Information on Grants and Assistance

Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of the grants or assistance, the grantees' eligibility for the grants or assistance, and
the selection criteria used to award the grants or assistance? ........................

Yes No

Describe in Part IV the organization's procedures for monitoring the use of grant funds in the United States.

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Organizations and Domestic Governments. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 21, for any recipient

that received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Name and address of organization or government	(b) EIN	(c) IRC section (if applicable)	(d) Amount of cash grant	(h) Purpose of grant or assistance
(1) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO 3333 CALIFORNIA STREET SUITE 315 SAN FRANCISCO,CA94143	94-6036493	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HYUNJUN YANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020039F)
(2) EMORY UNIVERSITY 201 DOWMAN DRIVE ATLANTA,GA30322	58-0566256	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHADWICK HALES, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201057S)
(3) THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE BETHESDA,MD20892	52-0858115	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARAH HILL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201086F)
(4) WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 660 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE ST LOUIS,MO63110	43-0653611	501(C)(3)	267,071	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GANESH BABULAL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201142S)
(5) THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS 800 WEST CAMPBELL ROAD RICHARDSON,TX75080	75-1305566	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HENG DU, MD PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201159S)
(6) INDIANA UNIVERSITY 509 E THIRD STREET BLOOMINGTON,IN47401	35-6001673	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUAN CODOCEDO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201166F)
(7) MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY 426 AUDITORIUM ROAD EAST LANSING,MI48824	38-6005984	501(C)(3)	285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SCOTT COUNTS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201187S)
(8) BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY PO BOX 21128 PROVO,UT84602	87-0217280	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUSTIN MILLER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020118F)
(9) BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER 330 BROOKLINE AVENUE BOSTON,MA02215	04-2103881	501(C)(3)	285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PETER FRIED, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201288S)
(10) BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL 75 FRANCIS STREET BOSTON,MA02115	04-2312909	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICHAEL MILLER, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201292F)
(11) UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 3451 WALNUT STREET SUITE 305M PHILIADELPHIA,PA19104	23-1352685	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SADAF AMIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201312F)
(12) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 1501 SAN PABLO STREET LOS ANGELES,CA90033	95-1642394	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LIRONG YAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201411S)
(13) UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY 109 KINKEAD HALL LEXINGTON,KY40506	61-6033693	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SIMONE CRIVELLI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201464F)
(14) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO 3333 CALIFORNIA STREET SUITE 315 SAN FRANCISCO,CA94143	94-6036493	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CLAIRE CLELLAND, PHD, MD, MPHIL, ENTITLED: (A20201490F)
(15) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO 3333 CALIFORNIA STREET SUITE 315 SAN FRANCISCO,CA94143	94-6036493	501(C)(3)	285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SAUL VILLEDA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201492S)
(16) MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE 4500 SAN PABLO ROAD JACKSONVILLE,FL32224	59-3337028	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHIA-CHEN LIU, MD, ENTITLED: (A20201542S)
(17) EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 201 DOWMAN DRIVE ATLANTA,GA30322	58-0566256	501(C)(3)	194,460	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LENORA HIGGINBOTHAM, MD, ENTITLED: (A20201577F)
(18) MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE 4500 SAN PABLO ROAD JACKSONVILLE,FL32224	59-3337028	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARK EBBERT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020161S)
(19) UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME 724 GRACE HALL CONTROLLERS OFFICE NOTRE DAME,IN46556	35-0868188	501(C)(3)	285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOHN KOREN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201621S)
(20) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE 100 THEORY STREET SUITE 250 IRVINE,CA92617	95-2226406	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHRISTEL CLAES, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201625F)
(21) THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES 10010 N TORREY PINES RD LA JOLLA,CA92037	95-2160097	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ISABEL SALAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201645F)
(22) UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT HEALTH CENTER 263 FARMINGTON AVENUE FARMINGTON,CT06030	52-1725543	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRATI DAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201729F)
(23) UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 211 COLLEGE HALL PHILADELPHIA,PA19104	23-1352685	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HONG XU, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201731F)
(24) WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY 1 MEDICAL CENTER BOULEVARD WINSTONSALEM,NC27157	22-3849199	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SHANNON MACAULEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201775S)
(25) THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL 4324 TRENTON ROAD CHAPEL HILL,NC27517	56-6001393	501(C)(3)	199,041	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY IVANA QUIROGA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020203F)
(26) WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 660 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE SAINT LOUIS,MO63110	43-0653611	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAUD GRATUZE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020257F)
(27) MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE 4500 SAN PABLO ROAD JACKSONVILLE,FL32224	59-3337028	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARAH PICKLES, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020279F)
(28) UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 55 LAKE AVENUE NORTH WORCESTER,MA01655	04-3167352	501(C)(3)	285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHRISTELLE ANACLET, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020321S)
(29) JOAN AND SANFORD I WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY 1300 YORK AVENUE NEW YORK,NY10065	13-1623978	501(C)(3)	285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAKOTO ISHII, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020363S)
(30) WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 660 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE ST LOUIS,MO63110	43-0653611	501(C)(3)	100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CARL FRIEDEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020382S)
(31) UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO 513 PARNASSUS AVENUE SAN FRANCISCO,CA94143	94-6036493	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ELISE MARSAN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020443F)
(32) HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 25 SHATTUCK STREET BOSTON,MA02115	04-2103580	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICHELE CAVALLARI, PHD , ENTITLED: (A2020653S)
(33) THE JACKSON LABORATORY 600 MAIN STREET BAR HARBOR,ME04609	01-0211513	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALAINA REAGAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020677F)
(34) BOSTON UNIVERSITY 881 COMMONWEALTH AVENUE 4TH FLOOR BOSTON,MA02215	04-2103547	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MANVEEN SETHI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020687F)
(35) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 125 NASHUA STREET SUITE 540 BOSTON,MA02114	04-2697983	501(C)(3)	300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KSENIA KASTANENKA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020833S)
(36) BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE ONE BAYLOR PLAZA HOUSTON,TX77030	74-1613878	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SHUO WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020845F)
(37) MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 125 NASHUA STREET SUITE 540 BOSTON,MA02114	04-2697983	501(C)(3)	200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EUNHEE KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020870F)
(38) BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL 75 FRANCIS STREET BOSTON,MA02215	04-2312909	501(C)(3)	285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PENG LI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020886S)
(39) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO 675 NELSON RISING LANE SAN FRANCISCO,CA94107	94-6036493	501(C)(3)	199,953	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LYDIA LE PAGE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020928F)
(40) MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE 4500 SAN PABLO ROAD ROOM 110 JACKSONVILLE,FL32224	59-3337028	501(C)(3)	251,432	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (CA2017563) MOLECULAR DEGENERATION JOURNAL
(41) UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 3620 HAMILTON WALK PHILIADELPHIA,PA19104	23-1352685	501(C)(3)	14,000	TRAVEL GRANTS FOR CONFERENCE ATTENDANCE.
(42) NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE BETHESDA,MD20892	52-0858115	501(C)(3)	599,286	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY AMIR KASHANI, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2020004)
(43) BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 72 EAST CONCORD STREET BOSTON,MA02215	04-2103547	501(C)(3)	303,514	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN WOLOZIN, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (CA2020002)
(44) UNIVERSITY OF DENVER 2155 E WESLEY AVENUE DENVER,CO80208	84-0404231	501(C)(3)	75,710	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANN CHARLOTTE GRANHOLM-BENTLEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018010)
(45) THE MILKEN INSTITUTE 1250 4TH STREET SANTA MONICA,CA90401	95-4240775	501(C)(3)	10,000	PROJECT SUPPORT FOR STUDY ON DEMENTIA
(46) THE MILKEN INSTITUTE 1250 4TH STREET SANTA MONICA,CA90401	95-4240775	501(C)(3)	100,000	PROJECT SUPPORT FOR STUDY ON NEUROTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
(47) UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER 601 ELMWOOD AVENUE ROCHESTER,NY14626	16-0743209	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RICHARD LIBBY, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020095)
(48) UNIVERSITY OF IOWA 200 HAWKINS DRIVE IOWA CITY,IA52242	06-2761671	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN FINGERT, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020119)
(49) OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY 3181 SW SAM JACKSON PARK ROAD PORTLAND,OR97239	93-1176109	501(C)(3)	183,947	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YALI JIA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020168)
(50) THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE 20 STANIFORD STREET BOSTON,MA02114	04-2129889	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PETR BARANOV, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020231)
(51) THE JACKSON LABORATORY 600 MAIN STREET BAR HARBOR,ME04609	01-0211513	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GARETH HOWELL, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020254)
(52) WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 660 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE ST LOUIS,MO63110	43-0653611	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PHILIP WILLIAMS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020255)
(53) UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 116 ATWOOD STREET SUITE 201 PITTSBURGH,PA15213	25-0965591	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY GROSS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020277)
(54) EMORY UNIVERSITY 201 DOWMAN DRIVE ATLANTA,GA30322	58-0566256	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY BOATRIGHT, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020286)
(55) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 400 N BROADWAY BALTIMORE,MD21211	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFF MUMM, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020315)
(56) UNIVERSITY OF UTAH 201 PRESIDENTS CIRCLE SUITE 411 SALT LAKE CITY,UT84112	87-6000525	501(C)(3)	179,930	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KAREN CURTIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020317)
(57) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 3720 S FLOWER STREET LOS ANGELES,CA90033	95-1642394	501(C)(3)	190,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KIMBERLY GOKOFFSKI, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020331)
(58) THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE 20 STANIFORD STREET BOSTON,MA02114	04-2129889	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KIN-SANG CHO, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020333)
(59) INDIANA UNIVERSITY 980 INDIANA AVENUE INDIANAPOLIS,IN46202	35-6001673	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JASON MEYER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020369)
(60) UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER 910 MADISON AVENUE MEMPHIS,TN38163	62-6001636	501(C)(3)	180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SIAMAK YOUSEFI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020374)
(61) UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 55 LAKE AVENUE NORTH WORCESTER,MA01655	04-3167352	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY CLAUDIO PUNZO, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020016)
(62) UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA 1001 N EMMET STREET CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA22904	54-6001796	501(C)(3)	180,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BRADLEY GELFAND, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020114)
(63) WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 660 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE ST LOUIS,MO63110	43-0653611	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PHILIP RUZYCKI, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020115)
(64) WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CORP 886 CHESTNUT RIDGE ROAD SUITE 408 MORGANTOWN,WV26506	55-0665758	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JIANHAI DU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020141)
(65) THE CITY COLLEGE OF CUNY 230 W 41ST STREET NEW YORK,NY10036	13-1988190	501(C)(3)	180,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARK EMERSON, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020157)
(66) TULANE UNIVERSITY 6823 SAINT CHARLES AVENUE NEW ORLEANS,LA70118	72-0423889	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY SHUSHENG WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020166)
(67) DUKE UNIVERSITY 2200 W MAIN STREET SUITE 300 DURHAM,NC27708	56-0532129	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PRIYATHAM METTU, MD, ENTITLED: (M2020168)
(68) WILMER EYE INSTITUTE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 733 N BROADWAY SUITE 117 BALTIMORE,MD21211	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	180,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MALIA EDWARDS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020174)
(69) OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION 1200 CHILDRENS AVENUE OKLAHOMA CITY,OK73104	73-1563627	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY WILLARD FREEMAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020207)
(70) THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT HOUSTON 7000 FANNIN STREET HOUSTON,TX77030	74-1761309	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY AMIR MOHSENIN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020216)
(71) UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON 4333 BROOKLYN AVENUE NE SEATTLE,WA98195	91-6001537	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JENNIFER CHAO, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020217)
(72) THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR SUNY ON BEHALF OF UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO 402 CROFTS HALL BUFFALO,NY12207	14-1368361	501(C)(3)	195,818	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY AMY MILLEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020227)
(73) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE ONE SHIELDS AVENUE DAVIS,CA95616	94-6036494	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY GLENN YIU, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020247)
(74) THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTHNATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE 10 CENTER DRIVE BETHESDA,MD20892	52-0858115	501(C)(3)	180,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KAPIL BHARTI, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020258)
(75) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE 120 THEORY STREET SUITE 200 IRVINE,CA92617	95-2226406	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DOROTA SKOWRONSKA-KRAWCZYK, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020271)
(76) THE JACKSON LABORATORY 600 MAIN STREET BAR HARBOR,ME04609	01-0211513	501(C)(3)	185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JURGEN NAGGERT, MS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020284)
(77) RD MEETING INC 5200 43 STREET SUITE 102-279 GAINESVILLE,FL32606	84-1992631	501(C)(3)	40,000	CONFERENCE SUPPORT FOR INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIA ON RETINAL DEGENERATION
(78) ARVO FOUNDATION FOR EYE RESEARCH 1801 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUITE 400 ROCKVILLE,MD20852	52-2322462	501(C)(3)	10,000	2020 EYEFIND RESEARCH GRANT SPONSORSHIP
(79) ARVO FOUNDATION FOR EYE RESEARCH 1801 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUITE 400 ROCKVILLE,MD20852	52-2322462	501(C)(3)	10,000	2020 TRAVEL GRANTS FOR CONFERENCE ATTENDEES

Enter total number of section 501(c)(3) and government organizations listed in the line 1 table ................. Bullet Image

Enter total number of other organizations listed in the line 1 table ........................ . Bullet Image

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50055P

Schedule I (Form 990) 2019

Page 2

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Individuals. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 22.
Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Type of grant or assistance	(b) Number of recipients	(c) Amount of cash grant	(d) Amount of noncash assistance	(e) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)	(f) Description of noncash assistance

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the information required in Part I, line 2; Part III, column (b); and any other additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART I, LINE 2:

BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE, INCLUDING MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CATEGORY NORMALIZED CITATION IMPACT ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO AN UNBIASED COMPARISON OF IMPACT PERFORMANCE VERSUS THE WORLD AVERAGE. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS WERE RECENTLY CITED AT 2 TIMES THE FREQUENCY OF THE WORLD AVERAGE. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR FOLLOW-ON PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT, WITH VALUES UP TO 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORTS, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.

Schedule I (Form 990) 2019

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule J
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Compensation Information

For certain Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest
Compensated Employees
SchJMediumBullet

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 23.
SchJMediumBullet

Attach to Form 990.
SchJMediumBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Questions Regarding Compensation

Yes

Check the appropiate box(es) if the organization provided any of the following to or for a person listed on Form
990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a. Complete Part III to provide any relevant information regarding these items.

First-class or charter travel Housing allowance or residence for personal use

Travel for companions Payments for business use of personal residence

Tax idemnification and gross-up payments Health or social club dues or initiation fees

Discretionary spending account Personal services (e.g., maid, chauffeur, chef)

If any of the boxes on Line 1a are checked, did the organization follow a written policy regarding payment or reimbursement or provision of all of the expenses described above? If "No," complete Part III to explain .........

Did the organization require substantiation prior to reimbursing or allowing expenses incurred by all
directors, trustees, officers, including the CEO/Executive Director, regarding the items checked on Line 1a? ..

Indicate which, if any, of the following the filing organization used to establish the compensation of the
organization's CEO/Executive Director. Check all that apply. Do not check any boxes for methods
used by a related organization to establish compensation of the CEO/Executive Director, but explain in Part III.

Compensation committee Written employment contract

Independent compensation consultant Compensation survey or study

Form 990 of other organizations Approval by the board or compensation committee

During the year, did any person listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, with respect to the filing organization or a related organization:

Receive a severance payment or change-of-control payment? .............

Participate in, or receive payment from, a supplemental nonqualified retirement plan? .........

Participate in, or receive payment from, an equity-based compensation arrangement? .........

If "Yes" to any of lines 4a-c, list the persons and provide the applicable amounts for each item in Part III.

Only 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), and 501(c)(29) organizations must complete lines 5-9.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the revenues of:

The organization? ....................

Any related organization? .......................

If "Yes," on line 5a or 5b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the net earnings of:

The organization? ..................

Any related organization? ......................

If "Yes," on line 6a or 6b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization provide any nonfixed
payments not described in lines 5 and 6? If "Yes," describe in Part III ............

Yes

Were any amounts reported on Form 990, Part VII, paid or accured pursuant to a contract that was
subject to the initial contract exception described in Regulations section 53.4958-4(a)(3)? If "Yes," describe
in Part III ..........................

If "Yes" on line 8, did the organization also follow the rebuttable presumption procedure described in Regulations section 53.4958-6(c)? .........................

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50053T

Schedule J (Form 990) 2019

Page 2

Part II

Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees. Use duplicate copies if additional space is needed.

For each individual whose compensation must be reported on Schedule J, report compensation from the organization on row (i) and from related organizations, described in the
instructions, on row (ii). Do not list any individuals that are not listed on Form 990, Part VII.
Note. The sum of columns (B)(i)-(iii) for each listed individual must equal the total amount of Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, applicable column (D) and (E) amounts for that individual.

(A) Name and Title		(B) Breakdown of W-2 and/or 1099-MISC compensation			(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)	(F) Compensation in column (B) reported as deferred on prior Form 990
(A) Name and Title		(i) Base compensation	(ii) Bonus & incentive compensation	(iii) Other reportable compensation	(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)
1STACY PAGOS HALLER PRESIDENT/CEO	(i) (ii)	368,294 ------------- 0	45,000 ------------- 0	2,802 ------------- 0	24,750 ------------- 0	38,652 ------------- 0	479,498 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
2NANCY LYNN SR. VP STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS	(i) (ii)	238,037 ------------- 0	2,100 ------------- 0	1,032 ------------- 0	18,133 ------------- 0	32,600 ------------- 0	291,902 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
3R BRIAN ELDERTON SR. VP, DEVELOPMENT	(i) (ii)	230,713 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	1,584 ------------- 0	21,327 ------------- 0	25,255 ------------- 0	278,879 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
4DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	(i) (ii)	158,558 ------------- 0	3,000 ------------- 0	1,584 ------------- 0	15,614 ------------- 0	43,871 ------------- 0	222,627 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
5DIANE BOVENKAMP PHD VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	(i) (ii)	165,654 ------------- 0	2,400 ------------- 0	360 ------------- 0	15,125 ------------- 0	4,066 ------------- 0	187,605 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
6MICHAEL BUCKLEY VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	(i) (ii)	156,830 ------------- 0	2,250 ------------- 0	552 ------------- 0	14,317 ------------- 0	3,549 ------------- 0	177,498 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0

Schedule J (Form 990) 2019

Page 3

Part III

Supplemental Information

Provide the information, explanation, or descriptions required for Part I, lines 1a, 1b, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7, and 8, and for Part II. Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART I, LINE 7

AS THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S BONUS WAS NOT A FIXED PAYMENT SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, THIS ITEM HAS BEEN ANSWERED 'YES' IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS. HOWEVER, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT HER BONUS WAS A NON-FIXED PAYMENT BASED ON BRIGHTFOCUS' INTERNAL PROCEDURES. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSIDERS THE AWARD OF A DISCRETIONARY BONUS EACH YEAR. THE DETERMINATION OF THE BONUS COMPENSATION IS CAPPED AS SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, AND IF NOT WARRANTED WILL NOT BE AWARDED AT ALL. THE DETERMINATION IS MADE BY THE FULL BOARD UPON RECOMMENDATION OF ITS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REVIEW OF PRESIDENT/CEO COMPENSATION. THE COMMITTEE CONSIDERS A SET OF GOALS FOR THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S PERFORMANCE DEVELOPED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR IN CONSULTATION WITH THE PRESIDENT/CEO. EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED AT THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE BONUS IS AWARDED BASED ON A DETAILED REVIEW BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WHETHER EACH GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED.

Schedule J (Form 990) 2019

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE M
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury

Internal Revenue Service

Noncash Contributions

Complete if the organizations answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 29 or 30.
Right pointing arrow large image

Attach to Form 990.
Right pointing arrow large image

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Types of Property

	(a) Check if applicable	(b) Number of contributions or items contributed	(c) Noncash contribution amounts reported on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1g	(d) Method of determining noncash contribution amounts
1 Art—Works of art ....
2 Art—Historical treasures .
3 Art—Fractional interests ..
4 Books and publications ..
5 Clothing and household goods .......
6 Cars and other vehicles ..
7 Boats and planes ....
8 Intellectual property ...
9 Securities—Publicly traded .	X	23	114,952	FMV
10 Securities—Closely held stock .
11 Securities—Partnership, LLC, or trust interests ....
12 Securities—Miscellaneous ..
13 Qualified conservation contribution—Historic structures .....
14 Qualified conservation contribution—Other ...
15 Real estate—Residential .
16 Real estate—Commercial ..
17 Real estate—Other ...
18 Collectibles .....
19 Food inventory ...
20 Drugs and medical supplies .
21 Taxidermy ......
22 Historical artifacts ....
23 Scientific specimens ..
24 Archeological artifacts ...
25 Other ( )
26 Other ( )
27 Other ( )
28 Other ( )

Number of Forms 8283 received by the organization during the tax year for contributions
for which the organization completed Form 8283, Part IV, Donee Acknowledgement

Yes

30a

During the year, did the organization receive by contribution any property reported in Part I, lines 1 through 28, that it must hold for at least three years from the date of the initial contribution, and which isn't required to be used for exempt purposes for the entire holding period? ...................

30a

If "Yes," describe the arrangement in Part II.

Does the organization have a gift acceptance policy that requires the review of any nonstandard contributions?

Yes

32a

Does the organization hire or use third parties or related organizations to solicit, process, or sell noncash

contributions? ..........................

32a

If "Yes," describe in Part II.

If the organization didn't report an amount in column (c) for a type of property for which column (a) is checked,

describe in Part II.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 51227J

Schedule M (Form 990) (2019)

Page 2

Part IISupplemental Information. Provide the information required by Part I, lines 30b, 32b, and 33, and whether the organization is reporting in Part I, column (b), the number of contributions, the number of items received, or a combination of both. Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
PART I, COLUMN (B):	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS IN PART I, COLUMN (B).

Schedule M (Form 990) (2019)

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE O
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ

Complete to provide information for responses to specific questions on
Form 990 or 990-EZ or to provide any additional information.
MediumBullet

Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
MediumBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Return Reference	Explanation
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1, DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION MISSION:	BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDS EXCEPTIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORLDWIDE TO DEFEAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA AND PROVIDES EXPERT INFORMATION ON THESE HEARTBREAKING DISEASES. OUR VISION IS: A WORLD FREE FROM DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT. COLLECTIVELY, 1 IN 16 PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 40 IN THE U.S. HAS ONE OF THESE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS HAS A PROVEN TRACK RECORD OF SUPPORTING THE MOST INNOVATIVE, EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH SEEKING BETTER UNDERSTANDING, TREATMENTS, OR, ULTIMATELY, A CURE FOR THESE DISEASES. SINCE 1973, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $224 MILLION IN RESEARCH GRANTS TO THOUSANDS OF SCIENTISTS AROUND THE WORLD. OUR RESEARCH FUNDING HAS LED TO MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THESE DISEASES AND SUPPORT FOR SCIENTISTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED PRESTIGIOUS AWARDS, INCLUDING TWO NOBEL PRIZES. AN INDICATOR OF OUR ABILITY TO PUSH NEW BOUNDARIES OF KNOWLEDGE IS THAT BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH WAS RECENTLY FOUND TO HAVE HAD TWICE THE IMPACT ON DRIVING FUTURE SCIENCE THAN WORK SUPPORTED BY MANY OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. THE WORLD-CLASS RESEARCH IDENTIFIED AND SUPPORTED BY BRIGHTFOCUS IS ON THE CUTTING-EDGE OF THE FIGHT TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT. OUR FUNDING ACTS AS A CATALYST IN EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH. THE BRIGHTFOCUS RESEARCH PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE INITIAL FUNDING FOR HIGHLY INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTAL IDEAS. DUE TO THE STRUCTURED GRANT REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS, THE RESEARCH IMPACT OF BRIGHTFOCUS IS VERY HIGH. MOST RECIPIENTS OF BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDING GO ON TO RECEIVE FUTURE GRANTS FROM OTHER SOURCES THAT ARE 10 TIMES LARGER THAN THE ORIGINAL BRIGHTFOCUS AWARD. THIS HIGH RETURN ON BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT SPEAKS TO OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY PROMISING RESEARCH IN ITS EARLIEST STAGES AND SPAWN FUTURE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. IT IS OUR FIRM BELIEF THAT HAVING THE COURAGE TO INVEST IN INNOVATIVE IDEAS WILL LEAD TO REVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES AND LIFE-SAVING BREAKTHROUGHS. ALONG WITH FUNDING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH TO FIND CURES TO SOME OF SOCIETY'S COSTLIEST DISEASES, BRIGHTFOCUS ALSO PROVIDES FREE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS AND SUPPORT TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS AND FAMILIES AFFECTED BY THESE DISEASES NATIONWIDE. WE ROOT THESE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS IN THE LATEST RESEARCH FINDINGS. BRIGHTFOCUS INCREASES PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA, AND COMMUNICATES WITH THOUGHT LEADERS AND ELECTED OFFICIALS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THESE AREAS. BRIGHTFOCUS' AWARD-WINNING PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS (PSA) HAVE APPEARED ON TELEVISION, RADIO, AND IN PRINT THROUGHOUT THE NATION. THE IMPACT OF ALZHEIMER'S. MAKE A PLAN TODAY: GET YOUR EYES CHECKED AND NOW IS THE MOMENT TO STOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE POWERFULLY SEEK TO RAISE AWARENESS AND EARLY DETECTION, AND SIMILAR MESSAGES HAVE BEEN DELIVERED THROUGH DONATED PRINT PSA SPACE IN AIRPORTS AND TRAIN STATIONS, AS WELL AS AT PHARMACIES, AND SUPERMARKETS AND ON LINE. IN FISCAL YEAR 2020, THESE PSA MESSAGES GENERATED $16,266,962 IN DONATED MEDIA SERVICES AND GARNERED OVER 960 MILLION IMPRESSIONS. SINCE 2014, THE BRIGHTFOCUS CHATS HAVE BROUGHT TOGETHER PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS FOR FREE, INTERACTIVE MONTHLY TELEPHONE FORUMS TO LEARN FROM, AND ASK QUESTIONS OF, LEADING RESEARCHERS AND SPECIALISTS ON VISION DISEASES. THE CHATS ARE ARCHIVED ON OUR WEB SITE, WITH AUDIO AND PRINT TRANSCRIPTS AVAILABLE IN A NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE FORMATS. WE CONTINUE TO INCREASE OUR PRINT PUBLICATIONS, MANY IN SPANISH, THAT PROVIDE HELPFUL INFORMATION TO PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS, AND REGULARLY UNVEIL NEW VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALLIES IN THE MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES. PARTNERING WITH SEVERAL HIGH-PROFILE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS IS HELPING BETTER EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION IN CLINICAL RESEARCH AS A WAY TO ACCELERATE THE PATH TO CURES FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. SPECIFICALLY, BRIGHTFOCUS IS A PRESENTATION PARTNER FOR TURNING POINT, A DOCUMENTARY ON THE SCIENTISTS AND CLINICAL TRIAL VOLUNTEERS WORKING TO DEVELOP A NEW ALZHEIMER'S MEDICATION. BRIGHTFOCUS IS HELPING THE FILM BE SHOWN IN COMMUNITY SETTINGS ACROSS THE COUNTRY TO INCREASE THE AWARENESS OF, AND PARTICIPATION IN, ALZHEIMER'S CLINICAL RESEARCH. WE HAVE EXPANDED OUR WRITTEN CONTENT OF KEY RESEARCH FINDINGS, PROMOTING AND SHARING THIS INFORMATION THROUGH OUR WEB SITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS. CAPITALIZING ON EMERGING USE OF DATA VISUALIZATION, OUR BRIGHTFOCUS INFOGRAPHICS EASILY AND VISUALLY COMMUNICATE INFORMATION ON ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. IN THE SPRING OF 2020, WE LAUNCHED A FULL SECTION OF OUR WEBSITE DEDICATED TO SHARING EXCLUSIVE CONTENT ON COVID-19 FOR FAMILIES IMPACTED BY DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT. MORE SPECIFICALLY, EACH OF THESE PROGRAM AREAS MAIL AWARENESS-RAISING MATERIALS TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF HOUSEHOLDS, WITH MESSAGES FOCUSING ON: - RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOM RECOGNITION THROUGH PUBLIC AWARENESS AND STEPS THE PUBLIC SHOULD TAKE THAT MAY HELP REDUCE THEIR RISK. - LIFESTYLE CHOICES THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH, ENCOURAGING READERS TO TAKE ACTION TO REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE ONSET OF THE DISEASE. - RESEARCH RESULTS AND TREATMENTS AVAILABLE TO ADDRESS THE DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS REGULARLY INTERACTS WITH ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS, GOVERNMENTS AT ALL LEVELS, AND MEMBERS OF THE MEDIA TO CALL GREATER ATTENTION TO DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT AND SHARE THE LATEST RESEARCH AND BEST PRACTICES WITH THE PUBLIC FIGURES AND KEY STAKEHOLDERS. THROUGH OUR OWN OUTREACH EFFORTS, AS WELL AS ACTIVE ROLES IN ADVOCACY COALITIONS, WE HELP ADVANCE THE CAUSE OF PIONEERING SCIENCE AND BETTER POSITION BRIGHTFOCUS AS A RESOURCE FOR THOSE STRUGGLING WITH, AND SEARCHING FOR CURES FOR, THESE TERRIBLE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS IS THE PRESENTING SPONSOR OF THE HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH, ONE OF THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS RECOGNITIONS IN THE FIELD. SELECTED BY A PANEL OF THE WORLD'S FOREMOST VISION SCIENTISTS, EACH YEAR'S LAUREATE IS HONORED FOR A GROUNDBREAKING CONTRIBUTION OR DISCOVERY TO SAVE SIGHT. BRIGHTFOCUS BEGAN ITS SPONSORSHIP IN 2015 TO CALL GREATER ATTENTION TO VISION RESEARCH ACROSS THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	NOTABLE PROJECTS INCLUDE: USING THE EYE TO DETECT DEMENTIA; LIFESTYLE EFFECTS ON RISK OF ALZHEIMER'S; DRUG DISCOVERY; MOLECULAR AND DIGITAL BIOMARKERS; THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN DISEASE RISK; SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES; AND BETTER USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES AND BIG DATA, TO INCREASE THE SPEED OF CLINICAL TRIALS AND RESEARCH PROGRESS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS IS INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. BRIGHTFOCUS IS HONORED TO HAVE SUPPORTED THE EARLY RESEARCH OF TWO NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS: DR. STANLEY PRUSINER AND DR. PAUL GREENGARD, WHOSE WORK HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL TO OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS CONTINUES ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ACADEMIC JOURNAL "MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION" AS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION. THE JOURNAL PUBLISHES TECHNICAL PAPERS RELATED TO NEURODEGENERATION IN THE THREE DISEASE AREAS. TO ACCELERATE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS, IT IS AN "OPEN ACCESS" JOURNAL, AND ALL CONTENT IS FREE OF CHARGE. THIS OPEN ACCESS ENSURES MAXIMAL REACH OF JOURNAL CONTENTS TO SCIENTISTS AND CARE PROVIDERS WORLDWIDE. MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION IS CURRENTLY THE HIGHEST IMPACT OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL IN THE NEUROSCIENCES. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS THE ONLY CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG THE TOP 10 IN AMERICA WITHOUT A WAY TO PREVENT, CURE, OR EVEN SLOW ITS PROGRESSION. IT IS AN IRREVERSIBLE DEGENERATION OF THE BRAIN THAT CAUSES DISRUPTIONS IN MEMORY, COGNITION, PERSONALITY, AND OTHER FUNCTIONS AND INEVITABLY LEADS TO DEATH. AN ESTIMATED 5.5 MILLION AMERICANS HAVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ABOUT TWO-THIRDS ARE WOMEN.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2020, MDR AWARDED $3,500,818 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 19 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS, WITH 3 ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS THAT TAKE THE TOTAL FUNDING TO $3,560,818. DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THIS DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN THE UNITED STATES. IT DESTROYS THE MACULA, THE PART OF THE EYE THAT PROVIDES SHARP, CENTRAL VISION NEEDED FOR SEEING OBJECTS CLEARLY. THE MOST COMMON EYE CONDITION IN PEOPLE AGE 60 AND OLDER, IT CAN LEAD TO VISION LOSS IN ONE OR BOTH EYES, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE FACES, DRIVE A CAR, OR READ.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2020, NGR AWARDED $3,079,573 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS FOR 17 NEW PROJECTS AND ONE OTHER SCIENTIFIC AWARD TO MAKE A TOTAL OF $3,082,073 IN FUNDING. DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. GLAUCOMA IS A GROUP OF DISEASES THAT DAMAGE THE EYE'S OPTIC NERVE AND CAN RESULT IN VISION LOSS AND PERMANENT BLINDNESS. MORE THAN 3 MILLION AMERICANS AGE 40 AND OLDER HAVE GLAUCOMA. MORE THAN 60 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD HAVE THE DISEASE. WITH EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT, GLAUCOMA OFTEN CAN BE MANAGED TO PROTECT EYES FROM MORE SERIOUS VISION LOSS, BUT IT IS ESTIMATED THAT ONLY HALF OF THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH GLAUCOMA ARE AWARE THAT THEY HAVE THE DISEASE.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B	A DRAFT OF THE FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW PRIOR TO BEING SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED EARLY ENOUGH TO PROVIDE EACH COMMITTEE MEMBER WITH A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR REVIEW AND SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS PRIOR TO THE FILING DEADLINE. THE FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED TO EACH MEMBER OF THE FULL BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRIOR TO BEING FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT OR FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 MAY BE DISTRIBUTED IN PERSON, BY REGULAR MAIL, E-MAIL, OR FAX.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	BRIGHTFOCUS HAS ALL EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS, AND DIRECTORS AGREE TO THE CODE OF CONDUCT THAT INCLUDES ADHERENCE TO THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICY. EACH BOARD DIRECTOR, OFFICER, AND EMPLOYEE IS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT ANNAUALLY. EMPLOYEES MEET ANNUALLY WITH THE BRIGHTFOCUS' CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER TO REVIEW THEIR CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS, AND GIVE AN ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST COMPLIANCE REPORT TO THE BOARD CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND/OR BRIGHTFOCUS' LEGAL COUNSEL AND, IF APPROPRIATE AND NECESSARY, THEN TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. THE DIRECTOR'S AND OFFICER'S STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS LEGAL COUNSEL. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING A CONFLICT OF INTEREST, THE CONFLICTED PARTY IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	BRIGHTFOCUS' BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS OVERALL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR APPROVING THE ANNUAL BUDGET WHICH INCLUDES SALARY AND BENEFITS FOR ALL EMPLOYEES AT EVERY LEVEL INCLUDING NON-DIRECTOR OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES. ALL PAY ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE ON A YEARLY BASIS EFFECTIVE APRIL 1ST, THE BEGINNING OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FISCAL YEAR. BEFORE APPROVING THE COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT/CEO, THE BOARD DETERMINES THE TOTAL COMPENSATION TO BE PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE POSITION, RESPONSIBILITY AND QUALIFICATION OF THE POSITION HELD INCLUDING THE RESULT OF AN EVALUATION OF PRIOR PERFORMANCE FOR BRIGHTFOCUS, IF APPLICABLE. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS EVALUATED ANNUALLY BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS THROUGH THE USE OF AN IN-DEPTH GOAL ATTAINMENT STRUCTURE, (DEVELOPED WITH ADVICE FROM BOARD SOURCE) THAT INCLUDES A SELF ASSESSMENT AND A BOARD OF DIRECTORS ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION AGAINST SET GOALS, OUTCOMES AND DELIVERABLES. IN ADDITION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PERIODICALLY ENGAGES AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO OBTAIN AND CONSIDER APPROPRIATE DATA, INCLUDING A SALARY SURVEY, WHICH INCLUDES INFORMATION COMPILED FROM THE FEDERAL FORM 990 OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, CONCERNING COMPENSATION PAID TO CEOS IN LIKE CIRCUMSTANCES. IN MAKING THE DETERMINATION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL CONSIDER TOTAL COMPENSATION TO INCLUDE THE SALARY AND VALUE OF ALL BENEFITS PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN PAYMENT FOR SERVICES. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S COMPENSATION, THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING. THE BOARD SHALL SET FORTH THE BASIS FOR ITS DECISIONS WITH RESPECT TO COMPENSATION IN THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING AT WHICH THE DECISIONS ARE MADE, INCLUDING THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE EVALUATION AND THE BASIS FOR DETERMINING THAT THE INDIVIDUAL'S COMPENSATION WAS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE EVALUATION AND COMPARABILITY DATA. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS CHARGED WITH THE SETTING OF SALARIES OF ALL OTHER EMPLOYEES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A COMPENSATION STRUCTURE AND BUDGET APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND HUMAN RESOURCES REVIEW EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS THAT INCLUDE KEY EMPLOYEES, BY PERIODICALLY ENGAGING AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO CONDUCT COMPENSATION AND BENEFIT BENCHMARKING STUDIES THAT INCLUDE VARIOUS REGIONAL AND NATIONAL NON-PROFIT COMPENSATION REPORTS AND SURVEYS. COMPENSATION DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS INCLUDE THE REVIEW OF SELF AND SUPERVISORY EVALUATIONS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO SET INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	BRIGHTFOCUS MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ITS ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS, THE FEDERAL FORM 1023, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FEDERAL FORM 990 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. IN ADDITION, THE PUBLIC ALSO HAS ACCESS TO THE ANNUAL REPORT, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, AND FEDERAL FORM 990 ON OUR WEBSITE.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	RECOVERIES OF PRIOR YEAR GRANTS 233,154. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS -290,798.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JINGHUI LUO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201759S) STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF ALZHEIMER AND PARKINSON ASSOCIATED OLIGOMERS IN LIPIDIC CUBIC PHASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: IN DISEASES SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S, TOXIC PROTEIN LUMPS FORM HOLES IN THEM NERVE CELLS. I WANT TO DISCOVER HOW THOSE LUMPS ASSEMBLE AT ATOMIC RESOLUTION. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTE, VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201759S. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LUCIA CHAVEZ-GUTIERREZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201828S) NANOBODIES STABILIZING GAMMA SECRETASE-APP INTERACTIONS AS NOVEL THERAPEUTICS FOR ALZHEIMER'S. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THE MOLECULAR MACHINERY THAT PRODUCES HARMFUL MATERIAL (AMYLOID BETA) IN THE BRAIN OF PEOPLE AFFECTED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS WELL KNOWN. WE HAVE RECENTLY SHOWN THAT THIS MOLECULAR MACHINERY (CALLED GAMMA-SECRETASE) IS FRAGILE AND PRONE TO MALFUNCTIONING, BUT FORTUNATELY THE USE OF 'STABILIZING' MOLECULAR BRICKS CAN STOP ITS MALFUNCTION AND PREVENT THE PRODUCTION OF TOXIC, AD-CAUSING MATERIAL. IN THIS PROJECT WE WILL GENERATE NOVEL STABILIZING NANOBRICKS (CALLED NANOBODIES) TO STABILIZE GAMMA-SECRETASE AND THUS PREVENT THE PRODUCTION OF TOXIC AMYLOID BETA. THE NOVEL NANOBODY STABILIZERS COULD PAVE THE WAY FOR AD THERAPY. GRANT AWARDED: $299,823, VIB-KU LEUVEN CENTER FOR BRAIN & DISEASE RESEARCH, LEUVEN, BELGIUM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201828S. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY THOMAS KARIKARI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020812F) PHOSPHO-TAU181: A NEW BLOOD TEST TO PREDICT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: PRESENTLY, THERE IS NO SIMPLE WAY TO DIAGNOSE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) OR TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS LIKELY TO DEVELOP THE DISEASE IN THE FUTURE: CURRENT TESTS REQUIRE EXPENSIVE BRAIN IMAGING OR INCONVENIENT PUNCTURE OF THE SPINE. TO ADDRESS THESE CHALLENGES, WE HAVE DEVELOPED A HIGH-PERFORMANCE BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES A SPECIFIC DISEASE-RELATED CHANGE (CALLED PHOSPHORYLATION) ON A KEY AD-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN CALLED TAU. INITIAL CLINICAL APPLICATIONS HAVE SHOWN THAT THE NEW TEST ACCURATELY IDENTIFIES AD PATIENTS AND AT-RISK INDIVIDUALS FROM HEALTHY PATIENTS, AND PROVIDES IMPORTANT INSIGHTS INTO MEMORY DECLINE AND BRAIN SHRINKAGE (BOTH KEY PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE) ONE YEAR AHEAD. IN THIS STUDY, WE PROPOSE TO INVESTIGATE, IN THREE UNIQUELY LARGE PATIENT COHORTS RECRUITED ACROSS THREE CONTINENTS AND CLOSELY MONITORED FOR UP TO A DECADE, IF OUR NEW BLOOD TEST CAN PREDICT WITH HIGH ACCURACY WHO IS LIKELY TO DEVELOP AD SEVERAL YEARS AHEAD, TO SUPPORT EARLY TREATMENT, CLINICAL MANAGEMENT AND RECRUITMENT FOR THERAPY TRIALS. GRANT AWARDED: $200,000, UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, GOTHENBURG, SWEEDEN. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020812F. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH CONFERENCE SUPPORT. GRANT AWARDED: $94,181, THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ALZHEIMER'S & PARKINSON'S DISEASES, BARCELONA, SPAIN. REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY AMANDA MELIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020047) OMICS IN A NATURALLY OCCURRING ANIMAL GLAUCOMA MODEL. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: BY LEVERAGING ACCESS TO A LARGE, EXISTING SAMPLE OF FRESH EYE TISSUES, WE EXAMINE GENES EXPRESSED, THEIR SEQUENCES, AND THE METABOLITES THAT ARE PRESENT IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT NATURALLY-OCCURRING GLAUCOMA IN A CLOSELY RELATED ANIMAL MODEL. THESE DATA ARE ESSENTIALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO OBTAIN FOR HUMANS AND PROVIDE A DIRECT WAY TO PROBE THE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS THAT ARE IMPACTED BY GLAUCOMA, ALONG WITH GENETIC RISK FACTORS. THESE DATA HAVE LARGE PROMISE TO GUIDE GENETIC SCREENING PANELS USED IN DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF GLAUCOMA IN HUMANS, AND TO IDENTIFY MOLECULES IN OUR BLOOD THAT CAN BE USED FOR EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT. GRANT AWARDED: $197,696, UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY, CALGARY, ALBERTA, CANADA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020047. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ALBERTA THIADENS, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020116) GENETICS, MORPHOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS OF GLAUCOMA IN PERSONS OF AFRICAN DESCENT. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE WORLD, AND IS PARTICULARLY FREQUENT AMONG PERSONS OF AFRICAN DESCENT. GENETIC STUDIES ARE CURRENTLY INVESTIGATING THE CAUSES FOR THIS DISEASE IN AFRICANS, BUT THE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE AFRICAN POPULATION IS A MAJOR CHALLENGE IN GENE FINDING THIS CALLS FOR VERY LARGE STUDY POPULATION. WITH THIS PROPOSAL, WE AIM TO FIND THE GENETIC CAUSES FOR GLAUCOMA IN AFRICAN POPULATIONS. IN ADDITION WE WILL FOCUS ON ANCESTRY RELATED ANATOMICAL VARIATION OF THE EYE THAT MIGHT EXPLAIN THE HIGHER VULNERABILITY OF THE OPTIC NERVE. THIS WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND WHY GLAUCOMA IS SO FREQUENT AND SEVERE IN PERSONS FROM AFRICAN ANCESTRY, PROVIDE US WITH KNOWLEDGE ON THE CAUSES OF GLAUCOMA, AND HELP CREATE MEANS TO CURE AND PREVENT THIS DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $150,000, ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER, ROTTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020116.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KATHRYN BURDON, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020293) GENETIC STUDIES OF EXFOLIATION SYNDROME AND GLAUCOMA IN ETHIOPIA. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: GENETICS CAN PLAY A ROLE IN PREDICTING WHO REQUIRES EARLY TREATMENT FOR BLINDING FORMS OF GLAUCOMA, HOWEVER, WE DO NOT FULLY UNDERSTAND ALL THE GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS DISEASE. THERE IS A STARK LACK OF DATA FROM NON-EUROPEAN POPULATIONS, PARTICULARLY THOSE FROM AFRICA, WHICH IS A REGION WITH ONE OF THE HIGHEST BURDENS OF GLAUCOMA. WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT GLAUCOMA GENETICS IN EUROPEANS DOES NOT ALWAYS APPLY TO OTHER POPULATIONS. THIS STUDY WILL INVESTIGATE GENETICS OF GLAUCOMA IN ETHIOPIA, EXPANDING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF GLAUCOMA AND AIMING TO MAKE GENETIC INFORMATION USEFUL IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF GLAUCOMA FOR PATIENTS ALL AROUND THE WORLD. GRANT AWARDED: $198,000, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, HOBART, TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020293. REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY WEIYONG SHEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020032) PREVENTING SUBRETINAL FIBROSIS IN WET AMD. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: NEOVASCULAR "WET" AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN AMD. PATIENTS WITH WET AMD ARE CURRENTLY TREATED WITH DRUGS TO STOP ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSEL LEAKING AND BLEEDING BUT THEY MAY STILL LOSE VISION DUE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCAR TISSUE UNDER THE RETINA WHICH IS IRREVERSIBLE ONCE IT HAS BECOME ESTABLISHED. THIS PROJECT WILL DEVELOP A THERAPY FOR PREVENTING SUBRETINAL SCARRING IN EYES WITH NAMD. GRANT AWARDED: $180,000, SAVE SIGHT INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020032. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY SABRINA CARRELLA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020184) MIR-181A/B MODULATION AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR AMD TREATMENT. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: AGED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A COMMON CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE AND THE LOSS OF VISION IS DUE TO PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF SPECIFIC CELL TYPE OF THE EYE IMPORTANT IN THE VISUAL PROCESS. MULTIPLE FACTORS, GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ARE INVOLVED IN THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF THIS DISEASE. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED TWO SMALL MOLECULES (CALLED MICRORNAS) THAT ARE ABLE TO CONTROL MANY FUNDAMENTAL CELLULAR PROCESSES AND WHOSE INHIBITION CAN PROTECT OCULAR CELLS FROM DAMAGE AND RESCUE ALTERATIONS OF VISION. WE PROPOSE TO TEST THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF THE INHIBITION OF THESE TWO MICRORNAS IN MACULAR DEGENERATION ANIMAL MODELS AND PAVE THE WAY FOR THE SETUP OF A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR THIS COMPLEX DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $185,000, FONDAZIONE TELETHON, ROME, ITALY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020184. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY CHRISTOPHER HAMMOND, MD, ENTITLED: (M2020277) EXPLORING THE ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A COMMON SIGHT-THREATENING CONDITION THAT AFFECTS THE MACULA, THE PART OF THE RETINA THAT ALLOWS US TO READ, SEE FINE DETAIL AND RECOGNIZE FACES AND IT IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF SIGHT LOSS IN PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 50 YEARS IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD. SOME DIETS HIGH IN VITAMINS, SUCH AS VITAMINS C AND E ARE THOUGHT TO REDUCE THE CHANCES OF DEVELOPING SEVERE, SIGHT-THREATENING AMD ALTHOUGH THE EXACT ROLE DIET PLAYS IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. AMD IS AN INFLAMMATORY CONDITION AND MANY RESEARCH STUDIES HAVE FOUND LINKS BETWEEN THE NATURALLY-OCCURRING BACTERIA, VIRUSES AND FUNGI IN OUR GUT (THE GUT MICROBIOME) AND OTHER COMMON INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AGING, SUCH AS CANCER, HEART DISEASE AND ALZHEIMER'S. THE GUT MICROBIOME CAN INFLUENCE AND MODIFY THE BODY'S IMMUNE RESPONSES AND MAY BE OF RELEVANCE IN AMD. THEREFORE, THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO EXPLORE THE ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME IN AMD WHICH MAY HELP US BETTER UNDERSTAND THE DISEASE TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPIES FOR TREATING THIS COMMON, BLINDING CONDITION. GRANT AWARDED: $185,000, KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020277.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HYUNJUN YANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020039F) FINGERPRINTING IN VIVO AND IN VITRO PRION STRAINS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MISFOLDING OF TAU AND AMYLOID-BETA PROTEINS. AD SHARES IMPORTANT MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS WITH CLASSICAL PRP PRION DISEASES, INCLUDING THE INDUCED MISFOLDING OF SOLUBLE PROTEINS IN AN AUTOCATALYTIC MANNER AND THE ACCUMULATION OF INSOLUBLE AMYLOIDS. DIFFERENT "CONFORMATIONAL STRAINS" OF PRP GIVE RISE TO DIFFERENT NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. CONFORMATION SENSITIVE DYES ARE USED TO RAPIDLY SCREEN AND FINGERPRINT THESE "CONFORMATIONAL STRAINS" OF PRION PROTEINS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020039F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHADWICK HALES, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201057S) SYSTEMIC SIGNALS FROM SKIN IN AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE IS THE STRONGEST RISK FACTOR FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND THE WRINKLING OF OUR SKIN. THIS STUDY WILL INVESTIGATE A LINK BETWEEN AGING AND AD-RELATED CHANGES IN THE SKIN AND THE BRAIN. THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF THE PROJECT IS TO IDENTIFY NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES AND NEW MARKERS OF AGING AND AD IN THE SKIN, BLOOD AND/OR SPINAL FLUID. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201057S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARAH HILL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201086F) INVESTIGATING COORDINATED LOCAL TRANSLATION AND DEGRADATION IN AXONS AND THE ROLE OF FTD-RELATED GENES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SIMILAR TO HOW GROCERY STORES MAINTAIN A FULL SHELF OF MILK CARTONS BY CONTINUALLY SELLING MILK AND OBTAINING NEW CARTONS, CELLS MUST BALANCE THE REMOVAL OF OLD AND SYNTHESIS OF NEW MATERIALS. IN NEURONS, INSUFFICIENT REMOVAL OF MATERIALS OR DEFECTS IN SYNTHESIS, LEAD TO LOSS OF NEURONAL FUNCTION, ACCUMULATION OF TOXIC AGGREGATES, AND ULTIMATELY NEURON DEATH, CONTRIBUTING TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES SUCH AS FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (FTD). IN THIS PROPOSAL I WILL EXAMINE HOW THE DISTINCT PROCESSES OF REMOVAL AND SYNTHESIS ARE INTERRELATED. I WILL USE IMAGING TO DETERMINE THEIR PHYSICAL AND TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP, DRUGS TO BLOCK REMOVAL AND DETERMINE THE EFFECTS ON SYNTHESIS, AND I WILL USE NEURONS CREATED FROM HUMAN CELLS TO BEST DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THESE PROCESSES OCCUR DURING FTD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201086F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GANESH BABULAL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201142S) USING NATURALISTIC DRIVING BEHAVIOR AS A DIGITAL, NEUROBEHAVIORAL MARKER TO PREDICT THOSE AT RISK FOR PRECLINICAL AND SYMPTOMATIC ALZHEIMER DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CRASHES ARE A LEADING CAUSE OF INJURY AND DEATHS AMONG OLDER ADULTS, WITH AS MANY AS 19 OLDER ADULTS KILLED EACH DAY, AND CRASHES ARE HIGHER AMONG PERSONS WITH ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD). SINCE 2015, WE TESTED A NEW WAY TO CONTINUOUSLY COLLECT DRIVING BEHAVIORS (DISTANCES, SPEEDING, HARD BREAKING, TIMES OF DAY DRIVING, ETC.) BY PLUGGING A DEVICE INTO PEOPLE'S CARS AND RECORDING HOW THEY DRIVE. THIS WAS TERMED, DRIVING REAL-WORLD IN-VEHICLE EVALUATION SYSTEM (DRIVES). WE WILL USE THE DRIVES TO SEE IF WE CAN SORT OUT THOSE WHO HAVE EARLY AD FROM THOSE WHO DO NOT. WE WILL ALSO LOOK AT WHETHER OR NOT OTHER TESTS OF BRAIN ABILITIES, NAVIGATION (FINDING ONE'S WAY AROUND), PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING, AND SENSORY FUNCTIONING (VISION, HEARING, SMELL) CAN HELP TELL THESE INDIVIDUALS APART MORE ACCURATELY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201142S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HENG DU, MD PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201159S) SYNAPTIC MITOCHONDRIAL CALCIUM UNIPORTER DEREGULATION AND SYNAPTIC INJURY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY GRADUAL COGNITIVE DECLINE CURRENTLY WITHOUT EFFECTIVE THERAPY. ALTHOUGH THE DETAILED MOLECULAR MECHANISMS STILL REMAIN ELUSIVE, DEFECTED MITOCHONDRIAL CALCIUM MODULATION HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY LINKED WITH SYNAPTIC DYSFUNCTION AND NEURONAL DEATH IN AD MILIEUS. IN THE PROPOSED STUDY, WE WILL PERFORM AN EXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF MITOCHONDRIAL CALCIUM UNIPORTER (MCU) DEREGULATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MITOCHONDRIAL AND SYNAPTIC PATHOLOGY IN AD. POSITIVE FINDINGS WILL FOSTER OUR UNDERSTANDING OF AD AND SHED LIGHT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL AD THERAPEUTIC AVENUE TARGETING MCU. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201159S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUAN CODOCEDO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201166F) ROLE OF HK2 IN TREM2-MEDIATED MICROGLIAL RESPONSE IN AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS A NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER THAT INDUCES THE ACTIVATION OF THE BRAIN IMMUNE CELLS, THE MICROGLIA. MUTATIONS IN A GENE EXPRESSED ONLY IN MICROGLIA, TREM2, INCREASE THE RISK OF LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER'S. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM INVOLVED IN TREM2 FUNCTION ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE WANT TO EVALUATE IF TREM2 CAN INDUCE METABOLIC CHANGES IN THE MICROGLIA THROUGH THE REGULATION OF HEXOKINASE 2 AN IMPORTANT ENZYME OF THE METABOLISM OF GLUCOSE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201166F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SCOTT COUNTS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201187S) NORADRENERGIC REGULATION OF AMYLOID CLEARANCE IN AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF CEREBRAL AMYLOID (ABETA) ANGIOPATHY (CAA) AND CEREBROVASCULAR PATHOLOGY TO THE PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) HAS RECEIVED RENEWED INTEREST IN THE FIELD. THIS PROPOSAL EXPOUNDS UPON COMPELLING PRELIMINARY DATA TO TEST THAT DEGENERATION OF THE LOCUS COERULEUS (LC) AND CHOLINERGIC BASAL FOREBRAIN (CBF) PROJECTION SYSTEMS CONTRIBUTES TO COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT THROUGH THEIR DAMAGING EFFECTS ON INTRAMURAL PERI-ARTERIAL DRAINAGE (IPAD) OF ABETA CONTRIBUTING TO AD/CAA. IF SUCCESSFUL, THIS PROPOSAL WILL ADVANCE THE CLINICAL RATIONALE FOR TARGETING LC/CBF-MEDIATED IPAD AS A DISEASE MODIFYING STRATEGY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201187S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUSTIN MILLER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020118F) LEVERAGING HETEROGENEITY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN LONGITUDINAL HEALTH OUTCOMES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MILLIONS OF AMERICANS WATCH THEMSELVES OR THEIR LOVED ONES LOSE THEIR ABILITY TO RETAIN MEMORIES AS THEY ADVANCE THROUGH THE DEVASTATING STAGES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) WITH LITTLE GUIDANCE ON HOW QUICKLY THE DISEASE WILL PROGRESS. WE CAREFULLY DESIGNED AN APPROACH TO USE MACHINE LEARNING TO GROUP INDIVIDUALS WITH SIMILAR HEALTH TRAJECTORIES BASED ON THEIR GENETICS, CLINICAL TESTS, AND NEUROIMAGES, AND WE WILL USE THESE SUBTYPES TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN THE RATE OF COGNITIVE DECLINE, THE AGE OF DISEASE ONSET, AND THE AGE OF DEATH FOR EACH PROPOSED SUBTYPE USING A LONGITUDINAL DATASET SPANNING 20 YEARS. WE ANTICIPATE THAT IDENTIFYING AD SUBTYPES WILL ALLOW FUTURE STUDIES TO IMPROVE DIAGNOSES FOR PATIENTS, IDENTIFY SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC DRUG TARGETS, CALCULATE DISEASE TRAJECTORIES FOR EACH SUBTYPE, FOCUS CLINICAL TRIALS ON SPECIFIC SUBTYPES, AND EVENTUALLY DEVELOP SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC TREATMENT PLANS. BY BETTER UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENCES IN AD, WE WILL PROVIDE PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS WITH MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF THE DISEASE AND THE PROJECTED HEALTH OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE DECLINE. IN A DISEASE WITH SO MANY UNKNOWNS, HAVING CLEARER HEALTH TRAJECTORIES AND DIAGNOSES GIVES ALL OF US WITH HOPE THAT WE MIGHT FIND A CURE FOR AT LEAST SOME PATIENTS, AND IMMEDIATELY PROVIDES PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS CURRENTLY DEALING WITH THE EFFECTS OF AD WITH MORE INFORMATION TO MAKE INFORMED END-OF-LIFE DECISIONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020118F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PETER FRIED, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201288S) EVALUATING CORTICAL EXCITABILITY AND PLASTICITY AS MARKERS OF PRECLINICAL AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY IS TO DEVELOP TESTS THAT CAN DETECT CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN AT THE EARLIEST STAGE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BEFORE PATIENTS START SHOWING SYMPTOMS, WHICH IS KNOWN AS "PRECLINICAL AD." WE WILL RECRUIT HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS WITH NORMAL COGNITION AND USE A NEW BLOOD TEST THAT CAN DETECT THE PROTEINSCALLED AMYLOIDTHAT ARE LINKED TO AD. WE WILL COLLECT A RANGE OF MEASURES OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN AND RELATE THE MEASURES TO THE AMOUNT OF AMYLOID. KNOWING MORE ABOUT WHAT CHANGES ARE OCCURRING IN THE BRAIN IN PRECLINICAL AD AND HOW TO MEASURE THEM WILL HELP RESEARCHERS DEVELOP NEW THERAPIES TO CHANGE THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE TO DELAY OR PREVENT DEMENTIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201288S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICHAEL MILLER, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201292F) GENOME-WIDE SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DURING PATHOLOGIC PROGRESSION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES INVOLVE A LOSS OF BRAIN FUNCTION AND BRAIN CELLS OVER TIME AND EVENTUALLY CAUSE DEATH, AFFECTING ONE THIRD OF PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 85. RECENT RESEARCH HAS FOUND THAT BRAIN CELLS BUILD UP NEW MUTATIONS IN THE DNA (KNOWN AS SOMATIC MUTATIONS) AS WE GET OLDER, WHICH APPEARS TO HARM THE BRAIN CELLS. THIS PROPOSAL WILL TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT SOMATIC MUTATIONS CONTRIBUTE IN IMPORTANT WAYS TO THE PATHOLOGIC PROGRESSION OF AD, AND ARE RELATED TO OTHER KINDS OF DISEASE DAMAGE IN BRAIN CELLS, INCLUDING OXIDATIVE STRESS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201292F.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SADAF AMIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201312F) THE ROLE OF CGAS-STING SIGNALING IN NEUROINFLAMMATION AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THERE IS A HIGH LEVEL OF NEURO-INFLAMMATION IN THE BRAINS OF ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS. THESE INFLAMMATORY FACTORS ARE SECRETED BY STRESSED CELLS AND LEAD TO DETERIORATION OF OTHER CELL TYPES (E.G. NEURONS) PRESENT IN THE BRAIN. MY PROPOSAL INTENDS TO STUDY THE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS THAT GOVERN THIS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE INSIDE THE BRAIN AND TARGET THEM TO LIMIT THE NEURONAL DAMAGE THAT LEADS TO COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND MEMORY LOSS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201312F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LIRONG YAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201411S) CHARACTERIZING DYSFUNCTION OF CEREBRAL PERFORATING ARTERIES IN VCID AND AD USING ULTRA-HIGH-FIELD 7 TESLA HIGH RESOLUTION MRI. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: BY SHARING WITH THE COMMON VASCULAR RISK FACTORS, THERE IS AN INCREASING PREVALENCE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT/DEMENTIA (VCID) WITH AGE. SMALL VESSEL DISEASE (SVD) INDUCED BY THE DYSFUNCTION OF CEREBRAL PERFORATING ARTERIES IS ONE OF THE FREQUENT VASCULAR PATHOLOGIES IN THE AGING BRAIN AND VCID. THE STATE-OF-THE-ART 7T MRI WITH INCREASED INTRINSIC SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR) ALLOWS US TO IMAGE THE CEREBRAL PERFORATING ARTERIES DIRECTLY. IN THIS STUDY, WE WILL OPTIMIZE TWO HIGH-RESOLUTION MRI TECHNIQUES AT 7T TO QUANTITATIVELY CHARACTERIZE THE STRUCTURE AND FLOW FUNCTION OF CEREBRAL PERFORATING ARTERIES, AND STUDY THE ROLE OF DYSFUNCTION OF CEREBRAL PERFORATING ARTERIES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VCID/AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201411S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SIMONE CRIVELLI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201464F) PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF CERAMIDE PRODUCTION IN MITOCHONDRIA AS A TREATMENT FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THERE IS STILL NO CURE FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), THEREFORE, A MAJOR CHALLENGE FOR RESEARCHERS IN THE FIELD IS TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPIES THAT PREVENT OR DELAY ONSET OF THIS DISEASE. DURING THE AD PROCESS BRAIN CELLS INCLUDING NEURONS ARE UNDER ATTACK BY HIGH LEVELS OF THE LIPID CERAMIDE. THE CONSEQUENCE OF THIS ELEVATION IS THAT NEURONS ARE NOT ABLE TO PRODUCE ENOUGH ENERGY AND ARE MORE EASILY PROGRAMMED TO DIE. HENCE, IN THIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL, WE PROPOSE TO REDUCE CERAMIDE LEVELS IN THE BRAIN TO PROTECT NEURONS FROM DYING AS A NEW THERAPY FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201464F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CLAIRE CLELLAND, PHD, MD, MPHIL, ENTITLED: (A20201490F) THERAPEUTIC GENE EDITING IN C9ORF72 FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (FTD) AND AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) PATIENT CELLS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (FTD) AND AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) ARE TWO FATAL AND INCURABLE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES LINKED BY A SHARED GENETIC CAUSE A HETEROZYGOUS HEXANUCLEOTIDE (GGGGCC) REPEAT EXPANSION IN A SINGLE ALLELE OF THE C9ORF72 GENE. THE GOAL OF THIS WORK IS TO DEVELOP NOVEL CRISPR BASED THERAPEUTIC GENE EDITING TECHNOLOGIES AND TEST WHETHER GENE EDITING CAN REVERSE THE CELLULAR PATHOLOGY CAUSED BY THIS REPEAT EXPANSION IN PATIENT DERIVED CELLS. THE RESULTS OF THESE STUDIES WILL ADVANCE OUR USE OF CRISPR TECHNOLOGIES FOR THERAPEUTIC EDITING IN FTD/ALS, INFORM OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE REGULATION OF C9ORF72 GENE, AND WILL BE APPLICABLE TO MANY OTHER REPEAT EXPANSION AND SINGLE GENE DISORDERS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201490F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SAUL VILLEDA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201492S) ROLE OF PLATELET-DERIVED FACTORS IN AMELIORATING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGING ALTERS THE ADULT BRAIN IN WAYS THAT LEAD TO IMPAIRED LEARNING AND MEMORY, AND AN INCREASED RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). A GROWING BODY OF WORK INDICATE THAT FACTORS IN YOUNG BLOOD HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO REVERSE AGE-RELATED IMPAIRMENTS IN THE BRAIN IN ANIMAL MODELS OF AGING AND AD. THE PROPOSED STUDY WILL DETERMINE THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF YOUNG PLATELETS, AND PLATELET-DERIVED CIRCULATING FACTORS, TO REVERSE NEURODEGENERATIVE PHENOTYPES IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AD, AND ELUCIDATE THEIR DOWNSTREAM MECHANISMS OF ACTION. THE RESULTS WILL HAVE SIGNIFICANT TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL, IDENTIFYING A BLOOD-BASED THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION TO RESTORE FUNCTIONS UNDERLYING AD-RELATED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS AND BROADLY COUNTER DEMENTIA-RELATED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201492S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHIA-CHEN LIU, MD, ENTITLED: (A20201542S) MODULATION OF PERIPHERAL APOE FOR ALZHEIMER DISEASE THERAPY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: HAVING APOLIPOPROTEIN E4 (APOE4) GENE INCREASES A PERSON'S RISK, WHEREAS HAVING APOE2 IS PROTECTIVE FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASES (AD). OUR PREVIOUS STUDY FOUND THAT APOE4 PRODUCED IN THE LIVER COMPROMISES THE VASCULAR HEATH AND IMPAIRS BRAIN FUNCTION (THOUGH APOE4 CIRCULATING IN THE BLOODSTREAM DOES NOT GET INTO BRAIN). USING OUR UNIQUE MOUSE MODEL IN WHICH APOE2 IS PRODUCED IN THE LIVER OF APOE4 MICE, OUR STUDIES WILL FOR THE FIRST TIME TEST WHETHER CONVERTING HARMFUL APOE4 TO PROTECTIVE APOE2 IN THE LIVER CAN RESTORE BRAIN FUNCTIONS. IN ADDITION, WE WILL EXAMINE WHETHER TREATING APOE4 MICE WITH APOE2 YOUNG BLOOD PROMOTES AGING-RELATED MEMORY DEFICITS AND REDUCES AD DISEASE PROGRESSION. OUR FINDINGS WILL PROVIDE PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE FOR DESIGNING FUTURE HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS, WHICH MAY OFFER INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT STRATEGIES BASED ON APOE GENOTYPE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201542S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LENORA HIGGINBOTHAM, MD, ENTITLED: (A20201577F) UNRAVELING THE BIOLOGICAL OVERLAP OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES USING INTEGRATIVE BRAIN-CSF PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES (DLB) IS A DISABLING DISEASE THAT IS DIFFICULT TO DIAGNOSE BECAUSE IT OFTEN LOOKS SIMILAR TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). OUR RESEARCH AIMS TO UNCOVER KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THESE TWO DISORDERS BY USING CUTTING EDGE TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE BRAIN AND ITS SURROUNDING FLUID. UNRAVELING THE BIOLOGICAL OVERLAP BETWEEN THESE TWO DEMENTIAS COULD HELP MAKE DLB EASIER TO RECOGNIZE AND EFFECTIVELY TREAT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201577F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARK EBBERT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020161S) THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND DIAGNOSTICS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MANY GENES ARE KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), BUT EXACTLY HOW THEY ARE INVOLVED IS UNCLEAR. WE HOPE TO IDENTIFY DNA AND RNA CHANGES THAT DRIVE AD DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020161S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOHN KOREN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201621S) TWISTING TAU AGGREGATES BY PROLINE ISOMERIZATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TAU AGGREGATION IS A MAJOR PATHOGENIC FACTOR IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. OUR STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED A FAMILY OF PROTEINS THAT ALTER TAU AGGREGATION, INCLUDING ONE MEMBER OF THIS FAMILY CAN DISAGGREGATE TAU AGGREGATES INTO SMALLER NON-TOXIC ENTITIES. THE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO ELUCIDATE THE MECHANISMS OF THIS DISAGGREGATION TOWARDS THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF DESIGNING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES THAT MIMIC THIS ACTIVITY. THESE STUDIES WILL IDENTIFY THE PROPERTIES AND NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF THIS PROTEIN FAMILY THAT PRESENT THIS ACTIVITY WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY EXAMINING THE PROPERTIES OF TAU THAT FACILITATE TOXIC AGGREGATION AND ACCUMULATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201621S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHRISTEL CLAES, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201625F) TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND LIPIDOMIC ANALYSIS OF HETEROZYGOUS AND HOMOZYGOUS TREM2 R47H HUMAN IPSC-DERIVED MICROGLIA IN CHIMERIC AD MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF DEMENTIA THAT CAUSES PROBLEMS WITH MEMORY, THINKING AND BEHAVIOR, AND SO FAR WE DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS DISEASE WELL ENOUGH TO FIND A CURE TO HELP THESE PATIENTS. IN OUR PROPOSAL, WE WANT TO INCREASE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THIS DISEASE BY STUDYING MICROGLIA, THE RESIDENT IMMUNE CELLS OF THE BRAIN, AND A GENE CALLED TREM2 WHICH WHEN MUTATED CAN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING AD. OUR RECENT STUDIES SHOW THAT WHEN WE TRANSPLANT HEALTHY HUMAN STEM CELL-DERIVED MICROGLIA CARRYING A NORMAL VERSION OF TREM2 INTO THE BRAIN OF AD MICE THAT DEVELOP AMYLOID PLAQUES (A MAIN CHARACTERISTIC OF THIS DISEASE), HUMAN MICROGLIA NEAR THE PLAQUES SHOW SIMILARITIES TO PERIPHERAL 'FOAM CELLS', WHICH ARE IMMUNE CELLS FILLED WITH LIPIDS AND LINKED WITH ANOTHER DISEASE CALLED "ATHEROSCLEROSIS". AS TREM2 IS A LIPID-SENSOR EXPRESSED BY MICROGLIA, WE NOW WANT TO STUDY THE LIPID CONTENT AND THE REACTION OF HUMAN MICROGLIA THAT CARRY THE TREM2 R47H MUTATION TO AMYLOID PLAQUES IN THIS SPECIALIZED MOUSE MODEL, TO GREATLY IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THIS MUTATION CAN INCREASE AD RISK, WHICH WILL IN TURN ALLOW SCIENTISTS TO FIND TREATMENTS THAT INCREASE THE FUNCTIONALITY OF MICROGLIA TO PROTECT OUR BRAIN FROM THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY THESE AMYLOID PLAQUES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201625F.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ISABEL SALAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201645F) TARGETING ASTROCYTE FACTORS TO PREVENT SYNAPTIC ALTERATIONS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE BRAIN IS THE CENTER OF COMMAND OF OUR BODIES, CONTROLLING OUR MOTION, OUR BEHAVIOR AND OUR FEELINGS. ITS MAIN COMPONENTS, THE NEURONS, PROCESS INFORMATION BY MAKING SPECIALIZED CONNECTIONS (SYNAPSES) BETWEEN THEM ASSISTED BY OTHER IMPORTANT TYPES OF CELLS: THE ASTROCYTES. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERATIONS IN THESE CONNECTIONS. IN THIS PROJECT I AIM TO RESTORE THE CORRECT FUNCTION OF ASTROCYTES, TO RESCUE SYNAPTIC DEFECTS, IN MOUSE MODELS AFFECTED BY AD AND MAKE A STEP FURTHER TO THE CURE OF THIS DEVASTATING DISORDER. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201645F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT HEALTH CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRATI DAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201729F) A COMBO OF BACE1 INHIBITORS AND MGLUR PAMS FOR ALZHEIMER'S THERAPY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AMYLOID-BETA (A-BETA) IS THE MAIN COMPONENT OF AMYLOID PLAQUES FOUND IN THE BRAINS OF ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS. PRODUCTION OF A-BETA IS NEARLY STOPPED BY INHIBITING BACE1 ENZYME. THEREFORE, BACE1 INHIBITORS ARE USED TO REDUCE A-BETA PRODUCTION AND AMYLOID DEPOSITION. BUT THEIR USE CAN LEAD TO MANY SIDE EFFECTS THAT IMPACT LEARNING AND STORAGE OF MEMORY. THEREFORE, IT IS CRITICAL TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES. WE PROPOSE TO USE BACE1 INHIBITOR DRUGS IN COMBINATION WITH MGLUR ACTIVATOR DRUGS. THIS COMBINATION THERAPY WILL STOP THE DISEASE PROGRESSION AND HELP IN MEMORY RETENTION AT THE SAME TIME. WE WILL TEST OUR STRATEGY IN MICE IN THE CURRENT STUDY. POSITIVE RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS A BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201729F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HONG XU, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201731F) IN VITRO AMPLIFICATION OF HUMAN-DERIVED PATHOGENIC TAU CONFORMERS USING RECOMBINANT TAU. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TAU AGGREGATES (TAUOPATHY SEEDS) ENRICHED FROM THE POSTMORTEM BRAINS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATIENTS EXHIBIT SPECIFIC BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF INDUCING NORMAL TAU INTO MISFOLDED PATHOLOGICAL TAU. BUT THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF THE TAUOPATHY SEEDS ARE VERY MUCH LIMITED. IN THE STUDY, WE WILL EXPLORE THE SEEDING MECHANISM OF THE HUMAN TAU SEEDS USING IN VITRO REACTIONS FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF AD AND OTHER TAUOPATHIES. MOREOVER, WE WANT TO AMPLIFY TAUOPATHY SEEDS IN VITRO BY MAKING USE OF THE SELF-PROPAGATING FEATURES OF THEM AND PROMOTE FUTURE STUDIES OF TAU PATHOLOGY TRANSMISSION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201731F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SHANNON MACAULEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201775S) KATP CHANNEL INHIBITION AS A MODIFIER OF TAU PATHOLOGY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OVERACTIVE NEURONS ARE THOUGHT TO BE A DRIVER OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATHOLOGY. THEREFORE, IDENTIFYING NEW WAYS TO REDUCE BRAIN EXCITABILITY IS AN IMPORTANT STRATEGY FOR TREATING AD. THIS PROPOSAL WILL EXPLORE HOW TARGETING THE BRAIN'S VASCULATURE BY REPURPOSING AN FDA APPROVED DRUG CAN DAMPEN OVERACTIVE NEURONS AND DECREASE AD PATHOLOGY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201775S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY IVANA QUIROGA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020203F) IDENTIFYING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISK GENES USING 3D CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND GENOME EDITING IN IPSC-DERIVED MICROGLIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) HAVE BEEN ELUSIVE, IN LARGE PART BECAUSE THE GENETIC CAUSES OF THIS DISEASE ARE STILL LARGELY UNKNOWN. THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO INTEGRATE EXISTING DATA WITH A NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO IDENTIFY GENES THAT ARE LINKED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AD. FOR THAT WE WILL USE MODERN GENOMIC AND GENE EDITING TECHNIQUES IN A NOVEL IMMUNE BRAIN CELL MODEL GENERATED FROM STEM CELLS. OUR WORK WILL BREAK DOWN EXISTING BARRIERS BY USING INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES TO SPEED THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF UNKNOWN GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS DISEASE. THIS WILL ESTABLISH BASIC KNOWLEDGE THAT THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY REQUIRES TO DEVELOP NEW DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO DETECT AND TREAT AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020203F.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAUD GRATUZE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020257F) IMPACT OF MICROGLIA AND TREM2 IN TAU PATHOLOGY PROPAGATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGGREGATION OF THE TAU PROTEIN IN THE BRAIN IS A HALLMARK OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), AND THE PROPAGATION OF AGGREGATED TAU PROTEIN IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEGENERATION AND DEMENTIA. IN ADDITION, BRAIN IMMUNE CELLS, KNOWN AS MICROGLIA, PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN AD AND THE PROPAGATION OF TAU PATHOLOGY IN THE BRAIN. INDEED, MUTATIONS IN TREM2, A PROTEIN FOUND ON MICROGLIA, ARE ONE OF THE STRONGEST GENETIC RISK FACTORS FOR AD. THEREFORE, WE WILL INVESTIGATE IF DECREASING MICROGLIA OR TREM2 LEVELS IN THE BRAIN CAN MODULATE TAU PROPAGATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020257F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC, JACKSONVILLE (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARAH PICKLES, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020279F) TRUNCATED STATHMIN 2 AS A PROXY FOR TDP-43 PATHOLOGY IN FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CURRENTLY THE MEDICAL FIELD LACKS RELIABLE BIOMARKERS TO IDENTIFY A SUBSET OF FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATIENTS WITH A PARTICULAR TYPE OF PATHOLOGY IN THE BRAIN, ACCUMULATION OF AGGREGATED TAR DNA BINDING PROTEIN (TDP-43). THE PRODUCTION OF A NEW MOLECULE, TRUNCATED STATHMIN 2, ARISING FROM TDP-43 AGGREGATION, MAY BE A WAY TO INDIRECTLY ASSESS TDP-43 PATHOLOGY. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP TOOLS TO DETERMINE IF THERE IS AN INCREASED AMOUNT OF TRUNCATED STATHMIN 2 IN SPINAL FLUID FROM AD AND FTD PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. THESE FINDINGS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO HELP SEPARATE PATIENTS WHO WOULD BENEFIT FROM PARTICULAR THERAPIES IN UPCOMING CLINICAL TRIALS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020279F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHRISTELLE ANACLET, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020321S) ROLE OF SLOW WAVE SLEEP IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BEHAVIORAL, CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MANIFESTATIONS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND SLEEP DISRUPTION ARE THE TWO MAJOR SYMPTOMS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). GIVEN THAT SLEEP IS NECESSARY FOR COGNITION WE WILL TEST SLEEP ENHANCEMENT AS AN INTERVENTIONAL STRATEGY FOR REDUCING THE BURDEN OF THE COGNITIVE DEFICIT IN AD, USING OUR NEW AND UNIQUE MOUSE MODEL OF SLEEP ENHANCEMENT. WE WILL INVESTIGATE, FOR THE FIRST TIME, THE MECHANISM BY WHICH SLEEP BENEFITS MEMORY, PROVIDING NEW TARGETS FOR DEVELOPING PHARMACOLOGICAL AND INTERVENTIONAL STRATEGIES TO TREAT SLEEP AND COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS IN AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020321. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOAN AND SANFORD I. WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAKOTO ISHII, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020363S) CIRCULATING IMMUNOMETABOLIC FACTORS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IRREVERSIBLE LOSS OF BRAIN CELLS AND BRAIN FUNCTION MAY ALREADY EXIST BY THE TIME PATIENTS START DEVELOPING MEMORY LOSS DUE TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). THEREFORE, IT IS IMPERATIVE TO IDENTIFY THE EARLIEST CHANGES OCCURRING IN AD, AS THEY MAY YIELD NEW WAYS TO INTERVENE BEFORE IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE HAS OCCURRED. DURING THE VERY EARLY STAGES OF AD WHEN THE MEMORY REMAINS RELATIVELY INTACT, THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN IMMUNE AND METABOLIC FUNCTION THAT CONTRIBUTE TO AD; HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING CAUSE OF THESE CHANGES REMAIN UNCLEAR. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO IDENTIFY THE CIRCULATING FACTORS THAT AFFECT IMMUNE AND METABOLIC FUNCTION EARLY IN AD BEFORE THE MEMORY LOSS AND DETERMINE HOW THEY ARE INVOLVED IN THE OVERALL DISEASE PROCESS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020363S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CARL FRIEDEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020382S) UNDERSTANDING APOE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OVER 5.6 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). AMONG THESE INDIVIDUALS ABOUT 50% HAVE A MUTANT PROTEIN CALLED APOE4 WHICH IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR DEVELOPING LATE ONSET AD. THE CURRENT PROJECT INVESTIGATES THE PROPERTIES OF THIS PROTEIN. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020382S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ELISE MARSAN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020443F) SINGLE CELL TRANSCRIPTOMICS ANALYSIS OF SHARED DISEASE MECHANISMS IN AD AND FTLD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION (FTLD) ARE TWO HIGHLY RELATED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES THAT SHARE SEVERAL KEY CLINICAL, GENETIC AND NEUROPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES. THE GOAL OF MY PROJECT IS TO HARNESS THE CUTTING-EDGE SINGLE CELL TRANSCRIPTOMIC TECHNOLOGY TO UNCOVER COMMON TRANSCRIPTOMIC SIGNATURES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO DISEASE PROGRESSION IN AD AND FTLD. RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE IMPORTANT INSIGHTS TO DISEASE MECHANISMS AND AN ENRICHED RESOURCE FOR THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY. ULTIMATELY, THESE RESULTS WILL HELP DISCOVER NEW TREATMENTS FOR THESE DEVASTATING DISEASES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020443F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICHELE CAVALLARI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020653S) ASSESSING THE PERIVASCULAR CLEARANCE OF BRAIN DEBRIS IN FAMILIAL AND SPORADIC ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEMENTIA IN THE AGING POPULATION, YET THERE IS NO CURE TO STOP THE PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE. WE PROPOSE TO STUDY A PROTECTIVE MECHANISM THAT DRAINS OUTSIDE THE BRAIN POTENTIALLY HARMFUL TOXINS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF AD, SUCH AS BETA-AMYLOID AND TAU PROTEINS, AND THAT HAS BEEN RECENTLY CHARACTERIZED IN ANIMAL MODELS. WE WILL USE DATA FROM TWO LARGE INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF AD TO INVESTIGATE THIS MECHANISM IN SUBJECTS AT HIGH RISK FOR DEVELOPING DEMENTIA ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE. IN INVESTIGATING THIS MECHANISM FOR THE FIRST TIME IN HUMANS, OUR STUDY COULD SET THE GROUND FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO PREVENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AD DEMENTIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020653S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE JACKSON LABORATORY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALAINA REAGAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020677F) DETERMINING MECHANISMS BY WHICH VARIATIONS IN THE MTHFR GENE CAUSE CEREBROVASCULAR DAMAGE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: HISTORICALLY, BETA-AMYLOID PLAQUES AND TAU TANGLES HAVE BEEN THE FOCUS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) RESEARCH. HOWEVER, THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT BRAIN VASCULAR HEALTH IS A CRITICAL COMPONENT IN THE PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE. A VARIANT IN THE MTHFR GENE HAS BEEN LINKED TO BOTH VASCULAR DISEASE AND AD IN HUMANS, BUT UNTIL NOW, NO ANIMAL MODEL REPRESENTED THIS RISK FACTOR. HERE, WE HAVE CREATED A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL TO STUDY HOW MTHFR DEFICIENCY AFFECTS BRAIN VASCULAR HEALTH WITH AGE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020677F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MANVEEN SETHI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020687F) INVOLVEMENT OF THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: A GLYCOMICS AND PROTEOMICS STUDY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF DEMENTIA, INVOLVING COGNITIVE DECLINE, LOSS OF INDEPENDENCE AND BEHAVIORAL ISSUES. IDENTIFYING THE BIOMOLECULAR DEREGULATION ASSOCIATED WITH AD IS CRUCIAL TO DECODE THE UNDERPINNING DISEASE MECHANISMS, TO DISCOVER NEW BIOMARKERS, AND TO IMPROVE TREATMENT STRATEGIES. THIS PROJECT WILL UTILIZE AN ANALYTICAL WORKFLOW, ALLOWING THE EXPLORATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGY OF PROTEINS AND GLYCANS IN AD FROM PATIENT TISSUE SPECIMENS. OUTCOMES OF THIS PROJECT WILL BENEFIT AD PATIENTS BY GENERATING THE FUNDAMENTAL, PREVIOUSLY UNATTAINABLE, GLYCOBIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED TO IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020687F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KSENIA KASTANENKA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020833S) ROLE OF ASTROCYTES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MAJOR CAUSE OF DEMENTIA, PRECIPITATED BY LOSS OF NEURONAL CELLS, AND IS CURRENTLY WITHOUT AN EFFECTIVE CURE. A NUMBER OF CLINICAL TRIAL FAILURES HAS BEEN REPORTED DUE TO A LACK OF CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CAUSES AND ITS PROGRESSION. THIS PROPOSAL WILL PUSH THE ENVELOPE OF CURRENT AD UNDERSTANDING BEYOND THAT OF NEURONS AND WILL ADDRESS WHETHER NON-NEURONAL CELLS CAUSE AND/OR CONTRIBUTE TO ALZHEIMER'S PROGRESSION USING STATE-OF-THE ART METHODOLOGY. THE INSIGHT GAINED THROUGH THIS LINE OF RESEARCH WILL OPEN VENUES FOR NOVEL DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTICS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020833S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SHUO WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020845F) THE ROLE OF LYSOSOME-TO-NUCLEUS SIGNALING AND REGULATION IN TAU PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ACCUMULATION OF TAU AGGREGATES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENT BRAINS INFLUENCES BRAIN HEALTH AND COGNITION. THESE AGGREGATES ARE DEGRADED BY AN INTRACELLULAR ORGANELLE CALLED THE LYSOSOME. TFEB PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN REGULATING LYSOSOMAL FUNCTION AND ITS CLEARANCE ABILITY. OUR PROPOSAL INVESTIGATES HOW TFEB WORKS WITH THE GOAL TO IDENTIFY WAYS TO HARNESS THE LYSOSOMAL FUNCTION TO PROMOTE BRAIN HEALTH AND COMBAT AGE-ASSOCIATED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020845F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EUNHEE KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020870F) THE IMPACT OF THE EXERCISE HORMONE IRISIN ON ASTROCYTES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: EXERCISE REDUCES THE RISK OF DEVELOPING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BY UP TO 50 PERCENT AND PROTECTS AGAINST AD BY MODULATING THE INFLAMMATION WHICH IS HEAVILY DEPENDENT ON BRAIN IMMUNE CELLS: ASTROCYTES. IRISIN IS A NOVEL EXERCISE-INDUCED HORMONE THAT HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED TO POSSESS SEVERAL BENEFICIAL ASPECTS OF EXERCISE. THIS WORK AIMS TO UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF THE EXERCISE-HORMONE IRISIN IN AD PATHOGENESIS, AND THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF IRISIN IN AD BY REGULATING ASTROCYTES. THE DATA OBTAINED IN THIS PROPOSAL WILL BE USED TO ADVANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE OF IRISIN AND ASTROCYTES IN AD, AND ULTIMATELY, TOWARD NOVEL THERAPEUTIC DESIGNS THAT MIMIC THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF EXERCISE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020870F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PENG LI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020886S) CIRCADIAN REGULATION, AUTONOMIC FUNCTION, AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CURE FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS STILL LACKING. IT IS IMPORTANT TO IDENTIFY THE RISK FACTORS FOR THE DISEASE AND ITS MULTIPLE IMPACTS ON BODY FUNCTIONS IN ORDER TO PREVENT OR SLOW DOWN THE PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE AND TREAT RELATED SYMPTOMS. USING NOVEL NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF CIRCADIAN REGULATION AND AUTONOMIC FUNCTION BY WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY, THIS PROJECT IS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE WHETHER CHANGES IN THESE TWO IMPORTANT PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS CAN PREDICT THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF AD AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE ELDERLY PEOPLE AT EARLY, PRECLINICAL STAGES. THIS PROJECT MAY POTENTIALLY PROVIDE NEW INTERVENTION TARGETS IN FUTURE CLINICAL STUDIES OF AD, AND CAN LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR THE DESIGN OF NOVEL UNOBTRUSIVE, COST-EFFICIENT TOOLS FOR LONG-TERM MONITORING OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT OR RISK FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020886S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LYDIA LE PAGE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020928F) IMAGING BRAIN KETONE METABOLISM IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE KETOGENIC DIET IS THOUGHT TO PROVIDE AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR THE STRUGGLING BRAIN IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BUT IS THIS FUEL ACTUALLY BEING USED TO MAKE ENERGY? CURRENTLY WE HAVE NO WAY OF KNOWING. WE WILL DEVELOP A NEW WAY OF IMAGING THE BRAIN TO SEE IF IT IS USING THE KETONES AS FUEL, AND USE THE METHOD TO DISCOVER NEW INSIGHTS INTO BRAIN KETONE METABOLISM IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020928F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC, JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ENTITLED: (CA2017563) MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION JOURNAL. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE PARTNER WITH BIOMED CENTRAL'S OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL, MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (MN), WHICH IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BRIGHTFOCUS. THE OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING MODEL PROVIDES FREE ARTICLES TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC, AS WELL AS SCIENTISTS, CLINICIANS, AND OTHER HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS. MN PUBLISHES PEER-REVIEWED, ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE CAUSES OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S OR PARKINSON AND ON THE PRE-CLINICAL TESTING OF POTENTIAL THERAPIES FOR THESE DEVASTATING DISEASES. MN HAS AN IMPACT SCORE OF 6.43 (WITH A 5-YEAR IMPACT FACTOR OF 7.08, REFLECTING THE SUSTAINED IMPACT OF OUR JOURNAL), AND REMAINS THE HIGHEST RANKED OPEN ACCESS NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL IN THE JOURNAL CITATION REPORTS (JCR).
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ENTITLED: TRAVEL SPONSORSHIP FOR ATTENDEES AT INTERNATIONAL GENOMICS OF ALZHEIMER'S PROJECT MEETING. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH/ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY AMIR KASHANI, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2020004) OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY BASED ASSESSMENT OF RETINAL CAPILLARY DENSITY AS A BIOMARKER OF VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: VASCULAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA (VCID) ARISE FROM STROKE AND OTHER VASCULAR BRAIN INJURIES THAT CAUSE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO MEMORY, THINKING, AND BEHAVIOR. VCID OFTEN OCCURS IN AND CONTRIBUTES TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DEMENTIA. THE DAMAGE IN THE SMALL BLOOD VESSELS IS VERY DIFFICULT TO DETECT WITH CONVENTIONAL TESTING OR BRAIN IMAGING METHODS LIKE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI). THE GOAL OF DR. KASHANI'S RESEARCH IS TO DEVELOP NEW METHODS USING THE EYE TO DETECT THE ONSET, PROGRESSION AND SEVERITY OF VCID. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN WOLOZIN, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (CA2020002) DEVELOPMENT OF SYNTHETIC GENE FEEDBACK CIRCUITS TO PREVENT TAU AGGREGATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE FAILURE OF CURRENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED FOR NEW, INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO ADDRESS AD. THIS PROPOSAL USES A RADICALLY NOVEL APPROACH TERMED "SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY", WHICH UTILIZES CIRCUIT DESIGNS INSPIRED BY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TO CREATE NOVEL REGULATORY CIRCUITS THAT DRIVE GENES WITH THERAPEUTIC PROMISE. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE WILL APPLY THESE NOVEL GENETIC ENGINEERING APPROACHES TO CREATE SYNTHETIC GENE NETWORKS THAT ARE ABLE TO REDUCE OR EVEN REVERSE THE PROGRESSION OF AD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF DENVER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANN CHARLOTTE GRANHOLM-BENTLEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018010) INTERNATIONAL BRAIN BANK FOR DOWN SYNDROME-RELATED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE FOCUS OF THIS SPECIAL PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A STRONG COLLABORATE NETWORK BETWEEN SIX DIFFERENT RESEARCH GROUPS FOCUSED ON PROVIDING MUCH-NEEDED INFORMATION ABOUT THE DOWN SYNDROME POPULATION, OF WHICH AS MANY AS 80 PERCENT HAVE ALZHEIMER'S PATHOLOGY BY THE TIME THEY ARE IN THEIR 50S AND 60S. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE MANY CENTERS AND RESEARCHERS THAT FOCUS ON ALZHEIMER'S IN THE GENERAL POPULATION, FEW OF THEM FOCUS ON PEOPLE WITH DOWN SYNDROME. THE INFORMATION GENERATED BY OUR PROJECT WILL BE OF GREAT HELP TO THOSE WITH DOWN SYNDROME AND THOSE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE MILKEN INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: PROJECT SUPPORT FOR STUDY ON "LOWERING THE PRICE AND RISK OF DEMENTIA: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE BRAIN HEALTH AND REDUCE DISPARITIES." NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE MILKEN INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: PROJECT SUPPORT FOR STUDY ON NEUROTECHNOLOGY THAT INCLUDES IDENTIFYING AREAS FOR FUTURE INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RICHARD LIBBY, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020095) NEUROTOXIC CYTOKINE SIGNALING IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS WORK EXPLORES THE IMPORTANCE OF EXTRINSIC SIGNALLING IN GLAUCOMATOUS NEURODEGENERATION. IT BUILDS ON THE WORK OF MANY GROUPS WHO HAVE PROPOSED THAT AFTER AN OCULAR HYPERTENSIVE INJURY, GLIAL CELLS (CELLS THAT SUPPORT RETINAL NEURONS) TRANSITION FROM BEING HELPFUL TO RETINAL GANGLION CELLS TO BEING TOXIC. SPECIFICALLY, WE PROPOSE TO TEST THE IMPORTANCE OF THREE MOLECULES THOUGHT TO TURN GLIAL CELLS NEUROTOXIC AFTER A GLAUCOMATOUS INJURY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020095.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN FINGERT, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020119) APBB2 GENE REGULATION AND RISK FOR GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OUR RESEARCH HAS IDENTIFIED A NEW GENE (APBB2) THAT IS THE FIRST RISK FACTOR FOR GLAUCOMA THAT IS UNIQUE TO AFRICAN AMERICAN POPULATIONS AND MAY EXPLAIN IN PART WHY THEY ARE AT MUCH HIGHER RISK FOR GLAUCOMA THAT OTHER GROUPS. OUR PRELIMINARY DATA SUGGESTS THAT APBB2 PROMOTES RISK FOR GLAUCOMA BY INCREASING PRODUCTION OF APBB2 PROTEIN IN THE RETINA AND IN TURN INCREASING DEPOSITION OF TOXIC BETA-AMYLOID THERE TOO. THE CURRENT PROPOSAL SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND WHAT DNA SEQUENCES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTROLLING APBB2 GENE ACTIVITY AND THUS THE PRODUCTION OF BETA AMYLOID IN THE RETINA AND RISK FOR GLAUCOMA. WE ARE ESPECIALLY EXCITED ABOUT THE OVERLAP BETWEEN WHAT WE ARE LEARNING ABOUT GLAUCOMA BIOLOGY WITH OUR RESEARCH AND WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT ALZHEIMERS DISEASE AND HOW OUR EXPERIMENTS MAY BENEFIT BOTH AREAS OF INVESTIGATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020119. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YALI JIA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020168) CELLULAR-RESOLUTION VISIBLE-LIGHT OCT FOR EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF GLAUCOMATOUS NEURODEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE VISION LOSS AND BLINDNESS. CURRENTLY, DIAGNOSIS AND SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF GLAUCOMA IS LIMITED BY THE INABILITY OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS TO IMAGE THE EYE IN SUFFICIENT DETAIL TO DETECT THE EARLIEST CHANGES THAT PRESAGE THE DISEASE. BY IMPROVING CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART OCULAR IMAGING SYSTEMS USING OPTICAL TOOLS ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED FOR ASTRONOMY, WE WILL ENHANCE IMAGE QUALITY SO THAT EVEN INDIVIDUAL EYE CELLS CAN BE CLEARLY SEEN. USING THE INSTRUMENT WE DEVELOP, WE WILL PERFORM EXPERIMENTS ON RODENT MODELS IN ORDER TO DISCOVER NEW AND IMPROVED INDICATORS OF GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION AND HELP UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF THE DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020168. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PETR BARANOV, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020231) TARGETED MATURATION OF STEM CELL-DERIVED RGCS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RETINAL GANGLION CELLS (RGCS) ARE HIGHLY SPECIALIZED NEURONS, WHICH CONNECT THE PHOTOSENSITIVE PART OF THE EYE WITH THE APPROPRIATE TARGETS IN THE BRAIN. WHILE RGCS EXHIBIT LIMITED PLASTICITY AND CAN FORM NEW CELL-TO-CELL CONNECTIONS THROUGHOUT OUR LIFE, THEIR NUMBER IS FIXED AND NO NEW CELLS ARISE POSTNATALLY. THUS, ANY STRESS FACTORS LEADING TO GANGLION CELL DEATH, SUCH AS HIGH INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN GLAUCOMA, TRAUMA OR DRUG TOXICITY, RESULT IN IRREVERSIBLE VISION LOSS. IN OUR PILOT STUDIES WE HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT MOUSE RETINAL GANGLION CELLS MAY BE PRODUCED FROM RENEWABLE CELL SOURCE - PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS AND SUCCESSFULLY DELIVERED INTO THE MOUSE EYE. IN THIS PROPOSAL WE AIM TO IMPROVE THE DONOR, STEM CELL-DERIVED RGCS MORE MATURE AND DEVELOPMENTALLY CLOSER TO THE "REAL" RGCS. THAT SHOULD SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE TRANSPLANTATION SUCCESS, LEADING TO POTENTIAL THERAPY DEVELOPMENT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020231. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE JACKSON LABORATORY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GARETH HOWELL, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020254) DECIPHERING THE ROLE OF THE CDKN2B-AS REGION IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: HUMAN GENETIC STUDIES SHOW GLAUCOMA IS CAUSED BY A COMBINATION OF GENETIC RISK FACTORS. HOWEVER, FEW SPECIFIC CHANGES HAVE BEEN DETERMINED. THIS IS SEVERELY HAMPERING OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THOSE AT RISK OF DEVELOPING GLAUCOMA AND DEVELOPING NEW TREATMENTS. IN THIS STUDY WE AIM TO DETERMINE THE SPECIFIC GENETIC ELEMENT IN A GENOMIC REGION THAT SHOWS ONE OF THE STRONGEST ASSOCIATIONS WITH GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020254. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PHILIP WILLIAMS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020255) METABOLIC DETERMINANTS OF DIFFERENTIAL RETINAL GANGLION CELL SURVIVAL AND REGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS CAUSED BY DAMAGE AND DEATH OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS THAT CONNECT THE EYE TO THE BRAIN. WHILE MANY RETINAL GANGLION CELLS DIE DURING THE COURSE OF GLAUCOMA, SOME PERSIST DESPITE THE HARSH DISEASE ENVIRONMENT. WE WILL DETERMINE HOW THESE RETINAL GANGLION CELLS SURVIVE BY DIRECTLY OBSERVING THEIR ENERGETIC CHARACTERISTICS OVER THE COURSE OF A DISEASE MODEL IN MICE. THIS INFORMATION WILL BE USED TO REPROGRAM THE ENERGETIC STATE OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS TO ATTEMPT THEIR RESCUE IN CONDITIONS OF GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020255.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY GROSS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020277) IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL GENES AND PATHWAYS THAT PROTECT RGCS FROM INJURY-INDUCED DEATH. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DURING GLAUCOMA, RETINAL GANGLION CELL (RGC) AXONS ARE DAMAGED AND THIS CAUSES THE RGCS TO DIE, ULTIMATELY RESULTING IN THE IRREVERSIBLE LOSS OF VISUAL FUNCTION. CURRENTLY, THERE ARE NO FDA-APPROVED DRUGS OR THERAPIES TO PROTECT RGCS FROM DEATH IN GLAUCOMA. EXPERIMENTS IN THIS PROPOSAL UTILIZE THE ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL SYSTEM, LEVERAGING ITS UNIQUE BIOLOGY WHERE RGCS DO NOT DIE WHEN THEIR AXONS ARE DAMAGED, EVEN IN EXTREME CASES WHEN THE OPTIC NERVE IS COMPLETELY SEVERED. BY UNDERSTANDING HOW ZEBRAFISH RGCS SURVIVE AFTER AXONAL DAMAGE WE WILL UNCOVER NOVEL MODES OF NEUROPROTECTION THAT COULD ULTIMATELY BE TRANSLATED INTO NEW TARGETS FOR NEUROPROTECTION TO PRESERVE RGCS IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020277. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY BOATRIGHT, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020286) NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE AS TREATMENT IN MODELS OF RETINAL GANGLION CELL DAMAGE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MITOCHONDRIA ARE THE ENERGY FACTORIES OF CELLS. THE MITOCHONDRIA OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS LOSE FUNCTION WITH AGE, PROBABLY DUE TO AGE-RELATED LOSS OF NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD+), AN ENZYME COFACTOR NEEDED FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION. THE CELLS THUS BECOME MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE FROM, FOR INSTANCE, ELEVATED PRESSURE IN THE EYE, A COMMON RISK FACTOR FOR GLAUCOMA. WE PROPOSE TO TEST WHETHER SYSTEMIC DELIVERY OF THE NAD+ PRECURSOR NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE, A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT, INCREASES RETINAL NAD+ AND PROTECTS RETINAL GANGLION CELLS IN MOUSE MODELS OF GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020286. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFF MUMM, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020315) NOVEL ZEBRAFISH MODELS ENABLING STUDIES OF RGC REGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TO RESTORE VISUAL FUNCTION TO GLAUCOMA PATIENTS, THERAPIES ARE NEEDED THAT CAN REPLACE THE SPECIFIC CELL TYPES IN THE EYE THAT ARE LOST, RETINAL GANGLION CELLS (RGCS). ALTHOUGH HUMANS DO NOT NORMALLY REGENERATE LOST RGCS, OUR EYES DO RETAIN A CAPACITY TO PRODUCE NEW NEURONS, SUGGESTING AN UNTAPPED POTENTIAL FOR RGC REGENERATION. UNLIKE US, ZEBRAFISH HAVE A NATURAL ABILITY TO REPLACE LOST CELLS IN THE RETINA, INCLUDING RGCS. BY STUDYING HOW ZEBRAFISH ARE ABLE TO NATURALLY REGENERATE LOST RGCS, WE HOPE TO 1) IDENTIFY GENES AND PATHWAYS THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR STIMULATING THE EYES ABILITY TO REPAIR ITSELF AND 2) APPLY THIS KNOWLEDGE TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSFORMATIVE REGENERATIVE THERAPIES FOR GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020315. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KAREN CURTIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020317) PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AND PREDICTIVE MARKERS OF PROGRESSION TO EXFOLIATION GLAUCOMA IN EXFOLIATION SYNDROME. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN PATIENTS WITH EXFOLIATION SYNDROME, WHICH IS MARKED BY ABNORMAL THREADLIKE WHITE FIBERS IN THE FRONT OF THE EYE THAT ACCUMULATE OVER TIME, CAN WE CORRECTLY PREDICT WHO WILL GO ON TO DEVELOP A BUILDUP OF PRESSURE IN ONE OR BOTH EYES KNOWN AS GLAUCOMA, A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE? WE BELIEVE THE ANSWER IS 'YES.' FROM RESEARCHING THOUSANDS OF MEDICAL RECORDS OF EXFOLIATION PATIENTS TO FIND THE CLINICAL CONDITIONS AND PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT CORRELATE WITH CHANGES IN THE EYES OF OUR EXFOLIATION PATIENTS OVER TIME, WE WILL HELP DOCTORS WHO CARE FOR THESE PATIENTS PREVENT OR DELAY LOSS OF VISION FROM GLAUCOMA THROUGH EARLIER MEDICAL TREATMENT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020317. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KIMBERLY GOKOFFSKI, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020331) ELECTRIC FIELDS COLLABORATE WITH CDC42 TO DIRECT OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IT IS ESTIMATED THAT 18 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE ARE LEGALLY BLIND FROM GLAUCOMA, A DISEASE THAT DAMAGES THE OPTIC NERVE, THE CABLE THAT CONNECTS THE EYE TO THE BRAIN. BLINDNESS IN PATIENTS WITH GLAUCOMA IS CURRENTLY IRREVERSIBLE BECAUSE THE CELLS THAT MAKE UP THE OPTIC NERVE, RETINAL NEURONS, ARE NOT ABLE TO REGENERATE. ALTHOUGH SCIENTISTS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO USE STEM CELLS PRODUCE NEW HEALTHY NEURONS, WHEN THESE NEURONS ARE INJECTED INTO THE EYE, THEY ARE UNABLE TO FORM NEW CONNECTIONS WITH THE BRAIN. THIS PROJECT EMPLOYS AN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY THAT USES ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TO DIRECT NEURON GROWTH SO THAT HEALTHY NEURONS THAT HAVE BEEN INJECTED INTO DISEASED EYES MAY FORM NEW CONNECTIONS WITH THE BRAIN AND THEREBY RESTORE VISION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020331. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KIN-SANG CHO, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020333) TREATING IMMUNE-MEDIATED GLAUCOMATOUS NEURAL DEGENERATION USING SPECIALIZED PRO-RESOLVING MEDIATORS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CONTINUOUS DEGENERATION OF VISION IS NOT UNCOMMON IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS; IN SPITE OF THE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IS MAINTAINING IN NORMAL LEVEL. AMONG VARIOUS TYPES OF IMMUNE CELLS, MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION HAS BEEN KNOWN AS AN EARLY RESPONSIVE IMMUNE CELL IN GLAUCOMA DISEASE. RECENTLY, UNSATURATED FATTY ACID SUCH AS DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) AND ARACHIDONIC ACID (ARA)-DERIVED SPECIALIZED PRO-RESOLVING MEDIATORS HAS BEEN SHOWN TO RESOLVE INFLAMMATION AND PROTECT AGAINST NEURONAL DEATH IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND SPINAL CORD INJURY. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE ROLE DHA-DERIVED SPECIALIZED PRO-RESOLVING MEDIATORS IN SUPPRESSING MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION, PROMOTING NEURONAL SURVIVAL AND VISION IN MOUSE MODELS OF GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020333.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JASON MEYER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020369) ASTROCYTE EFFECTS ON RGCS IN A STEM CELL MODEL OF GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ASTROCYTES ARE KNOWN TO PLAY VITAL ROLES IN THE MAINTENANCE OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS, WITH THESE INTERACTIONS ADVERSELY AFFECTED IN GLAUCOMA. IN PARTICULAR, AS IS COMMON ACROSS A NUMBER OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, THE MITOCHONDRIA OF THESE CELLS ARE DAMAGED, PRESUMABLY LEADING TO THE DISEASE PHENOTYPES. THE USE OF HUMAN PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS ALLOWS FOR THE PRECISE MODELING OF THESE INTERACTIONS IN A DISH, PROVIDING THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTION TO CLOSELY EXAMINE HOW MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IS CHANGED IN THESE CELLS AS A RESULT OF GLAUCOMA, AS WELL AS HOW THESE CHANGES IN MITOCHONDRIA ALTER THE HEALTH AND FUNCTION OF THE CELLS AS A WHOLE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020369. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SIAMAK YOUSEFI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020374) IMPACT OF GLAUCOMA ON RETINAL GANGLION CELL SUBTYPES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE. IT AFFECTS OVER 90 MILLION PEOPLE AND ITS INCIDENCE IS PREDICTED TO RISE 2-FOLD OVER THE NEXT TWO DECADES. GLAUCOMA-INDUCED VISION LOSS AND BLINDNESS RESULT FROM THE SLOW DEGENERATION AND DEATH OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS (RGCS). IN HUMAN, THE LARGE POPULATION OF RGCS CAN BE SUBDIVIDED INTO AT LEAST 30 SUBTYPES. THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RGC SUBTYPES TO GLAUCOMA-INDUCED CELL DEGENERATION DIFFERS SIGNIFICANTLY. BUT IT HAS BEEN SURPRISINGLY DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFYING BOTH RGC SUBTYPES AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GLAUCOMA. FOR THE PAST THREE YEARS WE HAVE BEEN DEVELOPING SINGLE-CELL TECHNOLOGIES TO STUDY BOTH RGC TYPE AND THE EARLY SIGNATURE OF GLAUCOMA-ASSOCIATED CELLULAR STRESS. WE WILL DEVELOP ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY RGC SUBTYPES THAT ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO GLAUCOMA-INDUCED INSULT. OUR RESULTS COULD ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENETIC BASES FOR GLAUCOMA-INDUCED RGC CELL DEATH AND POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020374. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY CLAUDIO PUNZO, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020016) ELUCIDATING HOW SMOKING CONTRIBUTES TO AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS THE LEADING CAUSE FOR BLINDNESS AMONG ELDERLY OF THE INDUSTRIALIZED WORLD. AMONG THE NON-GENETIC RISK FACTORS SMOKING CONFERS THE HIGHEST RISK FOR PROGRESSION TO THE ADVANCED STAGES OF GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY (GA) AND EXUDATIVE AMD; HOWEVER, HOW SMOKING CONTRIBUTES TO AMD REMAINS ELUSIVE. HERE WE PROPOSE THAT SMOKING CAUSES ADVANCED AMD PATHOLOGIES BY DEPLETION OF THE SECOND MOST ABUNDANT SERUM PROTEIN. LOSS OF THIS SERUM PROTEIN IN HUMANS CAUSES EMPHYSEMA, A CONDITION THAT HAS BEEN LINKED TO INCREASED RISK FOR ADVANCED AMD, WHILE WE FOUND THAT LOSS OF THIS SERUM PROTEIN IN MICE, CAUSES BESIDES LUNG PROBLEMS, LATE STAGE AMD PATHOLOGIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020016. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BRADLEY GELFAND, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020114) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHOROIDAL HEMODYNAMICS IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE CHOROID IS THE BLOOD VESSEL NETWORK THAT NOURISHES THE RETINA, AND IS A SITE OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT CHOROIDAL BLOOD FLOW IS REDUCED IN AMD, AND THAT LOSS OF CHOROIDAL BLOOD FLOW MAY BE AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE WILL USE DONOR EYES AND CUTTING EDGE COMPUTER MODELING AND TO CELLULAR MODELS TO UNDERSTAND WHETHER CHOROIDAL BLOOD FLOW PREDISPOSES AND CONTRIBUTES TO AMD. INSIGHTS GLEANED FROM THESE STUDIES COULD INSPIRE NEW DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOLS TARGETING CHOROIDAL MECHANOBIOLOGY TO IMPROVE AMD MANAGEMENT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020114. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PHILIP RUZYCKI, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020115) EFFECTS OF AMD RISK ALLELES ON THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROJECT SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE GENETIC BASIS OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. BY LEVERAGING THE MOST INNOVATIVE GENOMIC TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE WE WILL HOPE TO GAIN INSIGHTS INTO BIOMARKERS FOR DISEASE PROGRESSION AND IDENTIFY NOVEL TARGETS FOR PREVENTATIVE THERAPEUTICS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020115. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CORP. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JIANHAI DU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020141) TARGETING PROLINE METABOLISM IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE PREVIOUSLY REPORT THAT PROLINE, AN AMINO ACID, IS A CRITICAL NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE) AND RETINA. WE FOUND SUPPLEMENTATION WITH PROLINE COULD PROTECT PHOTORECEPTOR DEGENERATION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), AND RPE FROM AMD PATIENT DONORS HAVE POOR UTILIZATION OF PROLINE. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE WILL TEST MECHANISMS FOR PROLINE UTILIZATION IN AMD AND INVESTIGATE APPROACHES TO RESCUE RPE DEFECT FROM AMD BY TARGETING PROLINE METABOLISM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020141.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE CITY COLLEGE OF CUNY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARK EMERSON, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020157) A SCREEN FOR CONE-PROMOTING FACTORS THAT CAN BE USED TO REPLACE CONES LOST IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CONE PHOTORECEPTORS ARE THE CRITICAL LIGHT SENSING SENSORY CELLS THAT ARE LOST IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). ONE PROMISING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY WOULD BE TO PROMOTE THE FORMATION OF NEW CONE PHOTORECEPTORS WITHIN THE RETINA TO REPLACE THOSE LOST TO DISEASE. THIS PROJECT WILL USE HIGH-RESOLUTION MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES TO IDENTIFY THE GENES NORMALLY FOUND IN FORMING CONE PHOTORECEPTORS THAT ARE SUFFICIENT TO TURN OTHER RETINAL CELLS INTO CONES. THE IDENTIFICATION OF SUCH GENES WILL BE PROVIDE THE FOUNDATION TO DEVELOP NEW CONE REPLACEMENT THERAPIES FOR AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020157. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: TULANE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY SHUSHENG WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020166) A CRISPR-BASED INDUCIBLE SYSTEM FOR VEGF REPRESSION FOR AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CURRENT ANTI-VEGF MEDICINES FOR WET AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) REQUIRE MULTIPLE INJECTIONS PER YEAR AND IS NOT SATISFACTORY FOR WET AMD PATIENTS. WE AIM TO ESTABLISH A NOVEL INDUCIBLE SYSTEM FOR VEGF REPRESSION FOR WET AMD. THIS SYSTEM COMBINES POTENCY, REVERSIBILITY AND SAFETY, AND CAN BE USED TO TREAT AMD WITH JUST ONE OCULAR INJECTION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020166. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PRIYATHAM METTU, MD, ENTITLED: (M2020168) REGULATION OF MACROPHAGE-MEDIATED NEOVASCULAR REMODELING IN NEOVASCULAR AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WET (OR NEOVASCULAR) AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), WHICH DEVELOPS WHEN AN ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSEL GROWS UNDER THE RETINA, IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE ELDERLY. WHILE THERE ARE APPROVED TREATMENTSSHOTS OF MEDICINES INTO THE EYE TO STABILIZE THE ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSELAT LEAST 40% OF PATIENTS HAVE MORE SEVERE DISEASE THAT REMAINS ACTIVE AND CAUSES WORSENING VISION IN SPITE OF TREATMENT. WE PROPOSE THAT THE SEVERE FORM OF WET AMD IS CAUSED BY INFLAMMATORY CELLS CALLED MACROPHAGES AND HAVE IDENTIFIED A POTENTIAL NOVEL MOLECULAR TARGET THAT CONTROLS THE ACTIVITY OF THESE INFLAMMATORY CELLS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THIS MOLECULAR TARGET AND DETERMINE WHETHER MEDICINES THAT BLOCK THIS TARGET COULD BE EFFECTIVE NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR PATIENTS WITH WET AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020168. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WILMER EYE INSTITUTE, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MALIA EDWARDS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020174) THE IMPACT OF SUBRETINAL GLIAL MEMBRANES IN GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL WILL TAKE A NOVEL APPROACH TO STUDYING THE PATHOLOGY OF GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY BY INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF GLIAL CELLS. THESE CELLS, TRADITIONALLY CONSIDERED ONLY SUPPORT CELLS, ARE ALTERED IN GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY AND CREATE A MEMBRANE-LIKE STRUCTURE. THE PROPOSED STUDIES WILL INVESTIGATE HOW CHANGES TO THESE CELLS MAY INFLUENCE DISEASE PROGRESSION AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020174. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY WILLARD FREEMAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020207) INDUCIBLE CELL-SPECIFIC MOUSE MODELS FOR PAIRED EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC STUDIES OF MICROGLIA AND MULLER GLIA IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGING IS THE MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) BUT HOW AGING, ALONG WITH SEX, LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE IS NOT UNDERSTOOD. DNA ALTERATIONS THAT DO NOT CHANGE GENETIC COMPOSITION, KNOWN AS EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, ARE ABLE TO INFLUENCE GENE EXPRESSION. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, PRINCIPALLY METHYLATION (MC) AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION (HMC) OF THE DNA HAVE BEEN LINKED TO THE DEVELOPMENT/PROGRESSION OF AMD, BUT HOW THESE ALTERATIONS CHANGE WITH AGING AND SEX IN THE DIFFERENT CELL TYPES OF THE RETINA, INCLUDING MICROGLIA AND MULLER GLIA, IS NOT KNOWN. USING NOVEL MOUSE MODELS THAT ALLOW THE ISOLATION OF DNA AND RNA FROM SPECIFIC CELL TYPES, SPECIFIC AIM 1 AND SPECIFIC AIM 2 WILL EVALUATE MC AND HMC AND HOW SUCH MODIFICATION CORRELATE WITH GENE EXPRESSION AND RETINA FUNCTION/ACUITY SPECIFICALLY IN MICROGLIA AND MULLER CELLS, RESPECTIVELY, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AGE AND SEX AS PARAMETERS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020207. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT HOUSTON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY AMIR MOHSENIN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020216) AGING AND ADENOSINE IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS THE NUMBER ONE CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN ADULTS GREATER THAN 60 YEARS OF AGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE THIRD OVERALL CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE. THIS RESEARCH PROJECT WILL UTILIZE A MOUSE MODEL OF AMD TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF OLDER AGE ON ADENOSINE, A SIGNALING MOLECULE THAT IS CAPABLE OF CONTROLLING THE VISION-THREATENING BLOOD VESSEL AND SCAR TISSUE FORMATION SEEN IN ADVANCED DISEASE. DETERMINING THE AGE-RELATED EFFECTS OF ADENOSINE IN AMD WILL NOT ONLY EXPAND OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE MECHANISM BUT ALSO UNCOVER NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS THAT CAN PREVENT VISION LOSS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020216.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JENNIFER CHAO, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020217) RPE MODELING ON A PERFUSABLE MICROVESSEL NETWORK. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY NOVEL TARGETED THERAPEUTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) AND OTHER RPE-RELATED DISEASES, THERE IS A CRITICAL NEED TO DEVELOP PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT MODELS FOR UNDERSTANDING DISEASE PATHOLOGY. CURRENT APPROACHES TO MODELING RPE-RELATED DISEASES UTILIZE CONVENTIONAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS THAT DO NOT ACCURATELY RECAPITULATE NORMAL RPE PHYSIOLOGY OR DISEASE STATES, IN PART, BECAUSE THEY DO NOT INCLUDE THE UNDERLYING CIRCULATION OR CHOROIDAL VASCULATURE. RECENT STUDIES IN AMD INCREASINGLY POINT TOWARD THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CHOROID IN DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. THE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO DEVELOP AND CHARACTERIZE A 3D FLOW-DIRECTED RPE-CHOROID SCAFFOLD SYSTEM THAT CAN BE USED AS A PLATFORM TO STUDY THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF RPE-RELATED DISEASES, SUCH AS EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING, DRUSEN DEPOSITION, VASCULAR FLOW EFFECTS ON CHOROIDAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, AND VASCULAR PERMEABILITY TO MACROMOLECULES AND METABOLITES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020217. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR SUNY ON BEHALF OF UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY AMY MILLEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020227) INTERPLAY OF DIET AND THE GUT MICROBIOME IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TO STUDY THE GUT MICROBIOME AS A MODIFIABLE RISK FACTOR FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS RELEVANT TO PUBLIC HEALTH BECAUSE AMD IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN THE U.S. USING DATA FROM THE CAROTENOIDS IN AGE-RELATED EYE DISEASE STUDY 2 (CAREDS2) OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN, WE PROPOSE TO CONDUCT ONE OF THE FIRST LARGE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES TO EXAMINE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF THE GUT MICROBIOME AND THE PREVALENCE AND STAGE OF AMD (NO AMD, INTERMEDIATE AMD, AND ADVANCED/VISION-THREATENING AMD). EVIDENCE OF A PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CERTAIN PROFILES OF THE GUT MICROBIOME CONTENT AND AMD COULD LEAD, IN THE LONG-TERM, TO EASILY IMPLEMENTED, LOW-COST INTERVENTIONS TO MODIFY THE GUT MICROBIOME WITH DIET, OR HIGHLIGHT POTENTIAL METABOLIC PATHWAYS FOR INTERVENTION, TO PREVENT AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020227. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY GLENN YIU, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020247) CRISPR-BASED GENOME EDITING FOR TREATMENT OF NEOVASCULAR AMD IN THE NONHUMAN PRIMATE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE ELDERLY, BUT CURRENT TREATMENTS FOR THE "WET" FORM OF AMD RELY ON FREQUENT DRUG INJECTIONS INTO THE EYE THAT ARE EXPENSIVE AND A BURDEN FOR PATIENTS. THIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL WILL ADDRESS THIS HEALTHCARE CRISIS BY DEVELOPING A POTENTIAL CURE FOR WET AMD USING A POWERFUL GENE-EDITING TECHNOLOGY CALLED "CRISPR." THIS INNOVATIVE GENE-EDITING SYSTEM CAN PERMANENTLY CHANGE THE GENES THAT CAUSE WET AMD, AND CAN HOPEFULLY BE USED SOMEDAY TO SAVE THE VISION OF OUR AGING POPULATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020247. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH/NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KAPIL BHARTI, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020258) DISCOVERING MECHANISMS OF RPE/CHOROID DEGENERATION IN AMD USING 3D BIOPRINTED EYE TISSUE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE ROLE OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS AND RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS IN THE PROGRESSION OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, A DISEASE THAT LEADS TO PROGRESSIVE VISION LOSS WITH AGE, ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. THIS RESEARCH PROJECT USES 3D BIOPRINTED HUMAN TISSUE MODELS TO CLARIFY THE ROLE OF RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS IN INITIATING AND PROGRESSING MACULAR DEGENERATION. THE COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS CAN BE EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR COUNTERING MACULAR DEGENERATION AND SUGGEST NOVEL THERAPEUTICS AGAINST THE DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020258. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DOROTA SKOWRONSKA-KRAWCZYK, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020271) ROLE OF ELOVL2 IN AGE RELATED CHANGES IN THE EYE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE ARE CHARACTERIZING THE ROLE OF A NEW PROTEIN WHICH IS INVOLVED IN PROCESSING LIPIDS, A PROCESS WHICH HAS LONG THOUGHT TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MACULAR DEGENERATION. MICE WITHOUT FUNCTION OF THIS PROTEIN LOSE VISION AND DEVELOP LIPID DEPOSITS THAT ARE VERY SIMILAR TO THE DEPOSITS ONE SEES IN MACULAR DEGENERATION EYES. IN THIS STUDY, WE WILL EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP OF INFLAMMATION WITH THIS PROTEIN IN CREATING THESE LIPID DEPOSITS IN THE EYE AND WILL EXPLORE THE FUNCTION OF THIS PROTEIN IN HUMAN CELL LINES TO SEE WHETHER THIS CAN SERVE AS A CELL CULTURE MODEL OF MACULAR DEGENERATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020271. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE JACKSON LABORATORY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JURGEN NAGGERT, MS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020284) EQTL BASED SELECTION OF GENETIC BACKGROUND FOR AMD MODELS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL AIMS AT DEVELOPING HUMAN LIKE MOUSE MODEL THAT ALLOWS US TO DETERMINE THE FUNCTION OF HUMAN GENES THAT INCREASE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). WE WILL DO THIS BY MEASURING GENE EXPRESSION IN THE RETINAS OF A MOUSE POPULATION THAT IS AS DIVERSE AS THE HUMAN POPULATION. WE WILL THEN USE THIS INFORMATION TO SELECT A MOUSE STRAIN THAT SHOWS A SIMILAR GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN AS HUMAN AMD PATIENTS AND WE PREDICT THAT HUMAN RISK GENES PLACED IN SUCH A MOUSE MODEL WILL LEAD TO EARLIER AND MORE HUMAN LIKE AMD DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS. THIS HAS THE POTENTIAL TO GREATLY FACILITATE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TREATMENT STRATEGIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020284. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: RD MEETING INC. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: BY ENTITLED: CONFERENCE SUPPORT FOR ATTENDEES AT INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIA ON RETINAL DEGENERATION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ARVO FOUNDATION FOR EYE RESEARCH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: BY ENTITLED: 2020 EYEFIND RESEARCH GRANT SPONSORSHIP. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ARVO FOUNDATION FOR EYE RESEARCH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: BY ENTITLED: 2020 TRAVEL GRANTS FOR CONFERENCE ATTENDEES.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 51056K

Schedule O (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2019

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE R
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Related Organizations and Unrelated Partnerships

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 33, 34, 35b, 36, or 37.
MediumBullet

Attach to Form 990.
MediumBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2019

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Employer identification number

23-7337229

Part I

Identification of Disregarded Entities. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 33.

(a) Name, address, and EIN (if applicable) of disregarded entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Total income	(e) End-of-year assets	(f) Direct controlling entity
(1) NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LLC 22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE CLARKSBURG,MD20871 23-7337229	PROPERTY RENTAL AND MANAGEMENT	MD	607,871	4,137,029	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION
(2) AMERICAN HEALTH ASSISTANCE LLC 22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE CLARKSBURG,MD20871 23-7337229	OWNER OF BRIGHTFOCUS HEADQUARTERS	MD	0	3,538,919	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION

Part II

Identification of Related Tax-Exempt Organizations. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related tax-exempt organizations during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	(g) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	Yes	No

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50135Y

Schedule R (Form 990) 2019

Page 2

Part III

Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Partnership. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34, because it had one or more related organizations treated as a partnership during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No

Part IV

Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Corporation or Trust. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related organizations treated as a corporation or trust during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(e) Type of entity (C corp, S corp, or trust)	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(i) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(e) Type of entity (C corp, S corp, or trust)	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No

Schedule R (Form 990) 2019

Page 3

Part V

Transactions With Related Organizations. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34, 35b, or 36.

Note. Complete line 1 if any entity is listed in Parts II, III, or IV of this schedule.

Yes

1 During the tax year, did the orgranization engage in any of the following transactions with one or more related organizations listed in Parts II-IV?

a Receipt of (i) interest, (ii) annuities, (iii) royalties, or (iv) rent from a controlled entity .....................

b Gift, grant, or capital contribution to related organization(s) ............................

c Gift, grant, or capital contribution from related organization(s) ............................

d Loans or loan guarantees to or for related organization(s) ............................

e Loans or loan guarantees by related organization(s) ............................

f Dividends from related organization(s) ............................

g Sale of assets to related organization(s) ............................

h Purchase of assets from related organization(s) ............................

i Exchange of assets with related organization(s) ............................

j Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets to related organization(s) .......................

k Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets from related organization(s) ......................

l Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations for related organization(s) .....................

m Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations by related organization(s) .................

n Sharing of facilities, equipment, mailing lists, or other assets with related organization(s) ...................

o Sharing of paid employees with related organization(s) ............................

p Reimbursement paid to related organization(s) for expenses ............................

q Reimbursement paid by related organization(s) for expenses ............................

r Other transfer of cash or property to related organization(s) ............................

s Other transfer of cash or property from related organization(s) ............................

If the answer to any of the above is "Yes," see the instructions for information on who must complete this line, including covered relationships and transaction thresholds.

(a) Name of related organization	(b) Transaction type (a-s)	(c) Amount involved	(d) Method of determining amount involved

Schedule R (Form 990) 2019

Page 4

Part VI

Unrelated Organizations Taxable as a Partnership. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 37.

Provide the following information for each entity taxed as a partnership through which the organization conducted more than five percent of its activities (measured by total assets or gross revenue) that was not a related organization. See instructions regarding exclusion for certain investment partnerships.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(e) Are all partners section 501(c)(3) organizations?		(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	Yes	No	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No

Schedule R (Form 990) 2019

Page 5

Part VII

Supplemental Information

Provide additional information for responses to questions on Schedule R. (see instructions).

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule R (Form 990) 2019

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

		Prior Year	Current Year
8	Contributions and grants (Part VIII, line 1h) .........	39,635,190	35,740,875
9	Program service revenue (Part VIII, line 2g) .........	0	0
10	Investment income (Part VIII, column (A), lines 3, 4, and 7d ) ....	1,956,174	840,873
11	Other revenue (Part VIII, column (A), lines 5, 6d, 8c, 9c, 10c, and 11e)	693,445	815,078
12	Total revenue—add lines 8 through 11 (must equal Part VIII, column (A), line 12)	42,284,809	37,396,826
13	Grants and similar amounts paid (Part IX, column (A), lines 1–3 )...	16,205,073	17,853,862
14	Benefits paid to or for members (Part IX, column (A), line 4).....	0	0
15	Salaries, other compensation, employee benefits (Part IX, column (A), lines 5–10)	5,399,694	5,386,724
16a	Professional fundraising fees (Part IX, column (A), line 11e) .....	761,638	743,582
b	Total fundraising expenses (Part IX, column (D), line 25) 8,027,189
17	Other expenses (Part IX, column (A), lines 11a–11d, 11f–24e)....	18,076,925	18,867,346
18	Total expenses. Add lines 13–17 (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25)	40,443,330	42,851,514
19	Revenue less expenses. Subtract line 18 from line 12.......	1,841,479	-5,454,688
		Beginning of Current Year	End of Year
20	Total assets (Part X, line 16).............	58,993,683	53,987,981
21	Total liabilities (Part X, line 26).............	25,715,274	28,594,817
22	Net assets or fund balances. Subtract line 21 from line 20.....	33,278,409	25,393,164

Sign Here

	Signature of officer	Date

	Type or print name and title


4a	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 19,939,783 including grants of $ 11,210,971 ) (Revenue $ )
	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (ADR) - BRIGHTFOCUS' ADR PROGRAM FUNDS RESEARCH FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ITS EARLY DETECTION, AND TREATMENTS TO HELP SLOW OR STOP ITS PROGRESSION, AND ULTIMATELY TO PREVENT THE DISEASE ALTOGETHER. ADR ANNUALLY AWARDS PEER-REVIEWED GRANTS TO SCIENTISTS FROM INSTITUTIONS WORLDWIDE WHO ARE CONDUCTING BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. SINCE INCEPTION, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS CONTRIBUTED MORE THAN $139 MILLION TO THE CONQUERING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2020, ADR AWARDED $9,755,348 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 42 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS AND ELEVEN OTHER SCIENTIFIC AWARDS TO MAKE A TOTAL OF $11,210,971 IN FUNDING.

4b	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 7,210,979 including grants of $ 3,560,818 ) (Revenue $ )
	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH (MDR) - A PROGRAM OF BRIGHTFOCUS, HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $33 MILLION TO SCIENTISTS STUDYING THE DISEASE. THE LATEST RESEARCH IS FOCUSED ON NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THE DISEASE, UNDERSTANDING ITS CAUSES AND PROGRESSION, DRUG THERAPIES, ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME IN DISEASE RISK AND PROGRESSION, GENE EDITING, 3D BIOPRINTING EYE TISSUE, THE ROLE OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN DISEASE RISK, AND NEW SCREENING TECHNIQUES.MDR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. MDR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT.

4c	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 3,978,859 including grants of $ 3,082,073 ) (Revenue $ )
	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH (NGR) - BRIGHTFOCUS' NGR PROGRAM HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $38 MILLION WORLDWIDE FOR THE STUDY OF GLAUCOMA. NGR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH HAS BEEN FOCUSED ON THE EYE-BRAIN CONNECTION, THE MECHANISMS FOR PRESSURE BUILDUP IN THE EYE, OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION, DISCOVERING GLAUCOMA RISK GENES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND DEVELOPING EARLY GLAUCOMA SCREENING AND TARGETED TREATMENTS, AMONGST OTHER INNOVATIVE PURSUITS. NGR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO GLAUCOMA RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. NGR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT.

4d	Other program services (Describe in Schedule O.)
	(Expenses $ including grants of $ ) (Revenue $ )
4e	Total program service expenses31,129,621

(A) Name and title	(B) Average hours per week (list any hours for related organizations below dotted line)	(C) Position (do not check more than one box, unless person is both an officer and a director/trustee)	(D) Reportable compensation from the organization (W-2/1099-MISC)	(E) Reportable compensation from related organizations (W-2/1099-MISC)	(F) Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
(A) Name and title
(18) MICHAEL H BARNETT ESQ........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.00 .......................	X	0	0	0
(19) MADDY DYCHTWALD........................................................................ DIRECTOR	1.00 .......................	X	0	0	0
(20) GRACE FRISONE........................................................................ DIRECTOR	3.00 .......................	X	0	0	0
(21) SCOTT KAISER MD........................................................................ DIRECTOR	3.00 .......................	X	0	0	0
(22) JUNE KINOSHITA........................................................................ DIRECTOR	3.00 .......................	X	0	0	0
(23) HENRY J POWNALL PHD........................................................................ DIRECTOR - UNTIL 06/2019	1.00 .......................	X	0	0	0
(24) BRIAN K REGAN PHD........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.00 .......................	X	0	0	0
(25) ELTJO ED R SCHOONVELD........................................................................ DIRECTOR - UNTIL 06/2019	3.00 .......................	X	0	0	0
(26) ERIC SIEMERS MD........................................................................ DIRECTOR	3.00 .......................	X	0	0	0
(27) JAN M STOUFFER PHD........................................................................ DIRECTOR	3.00 .......................	X	0	0	0
(28) ETHAN TREESE........................................................................ DIRECTOR	3.00 .......................	X	0	0	0

1b	Sub-Total................
c	Total from continuation sheets to Part VII, Section A....
d	Total (add lines 1b and 1c)...........	1,898,285	0	379,525

1	Briefly describe the organization’s mission or most significant activities: BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (BRIGHTFOCUS) SEEKS A WORLD FREE FROM DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT.
2	Check this box
3	Number of voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1a) ........	3	14
4	Number of independent voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1b) .....	4	14
5	Total number of individuals employed in calendar year 2019 (Part V, line 2a) ......	5	66
6	Total number of volunteers (estimate if necessary) .............	6	60
7a	Total unrelated business revenue from Part VIII, column (C), line 12 ........	7a	0
b	Net unrelated business taxable income from Form 990-T, line 39 .........	7b	0

1a	Federated campaigns..		1a	195,679
b	Membership dues..		1b
c	Fundraising events..		1c	220,360
d	Related organizations		1d
e	Government grants (contributions)		1e

f	All other contributions, gifts, grants, and similar amounts not included above		1f	35,324,836

g	Noncash contributions included in lines 1a - 1f:$		1g	114,952

h Total. Add lines 1a-1f.......		35,740,875

		Business Code
2a
b
c
d
e
f	All other program service revenue.
g	Total. Add lines 2a–2f .....

3 Investment income (including dividends, interest, and othersimilar amounts) ......			1,037,783			1,037,783
4 Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds
5 Royalties...........			482,896			482,896
		(ii) Personal	(i) Real
6a	Gross rents		656,319	6a
b	Less: rental expenses		48,447	6b
c	Rental income or (loss)		607,872	6c
d	Net rental income or (loss).......			607,872			607,872
		(ii) Other	(i) Securities
7a	Gross amount from sales of assets other than inventory		13,268,459	7a
b	Less: cost or other basis and sales expenses		13,465,369	7b
c	Gain or (loss)		-196,910	7c
d	Net gain or (loss).........			-196,910			-196,910
8a	Gross income from fundraising events (not including $ 220,360of contributions reported on line 1c). See Part IV, line 18 ....
			8a	36,500
b	Less: direct expenses ...		8b	312,190
c	Net income or (loss) from fundraising events..			-275,690			-275,690
9a	Gross income from gaming activities. See Part IV, line 19 ...
			9a
b	Less: direct expenses ...		9b
c	Net income or (loss) from gaming activities..
10a	Gross sales of inventory, less returns and allowances ..
			10a
b	Less: cost of goods sold ..		10b
c	Net income or (loss) from sales of inventory..
Business Code			Miscellaneous Revenue
11a
b
c
d	All other revenue ....
e	Total. Add lines 11a–11d ......
12	Total revenue. See instructions.....			37,396,826	0	0	1,655,951

1	Grants and other assistance to domestic organizations and domestic governments. See Part IV, line 21 ....	16,064,162	16,064,162
2	Grants and other assistance to domestic individuals. See Part IV, line 22 ...........
3	Grants and other assistance to foreign organizations, foreign governments, and foreign individuals. See Part IV, lines 15 and 16. .............	1,789,700	1,789,700
4	Benefits paid to or for members .......
5	Compensation of current officers, directors, trustees, and key employees ...........	1,594,024	991,613	322,740	279,671
6	Compensation not included above, to disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)) and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B) .........
7	Other salaries and wages........	2,752,817	1,516,124	876,643	360,050
8	Pension plan accruals and contributions (include section 401(k) and 403(b) employer contributions) ....	171,240	94,311	54,532	22,397
9	Other employee benefits .......	586,992	323,288	186,929	76,775
10	Payroll taxes ...........	281,651	155,120	89,693	36,838
11	Fees for services (non-employees):
a	Management ......
b	Legal .........	223,496	131,527	91,969
c	Accounting ...........	92,807	58,896	8,699	25,212
d	Lobbying ...........
e	Professional fundraising services. See Part IV, line 17	743,582			743,582
f	Investment management fees ......	287,562		287,562
g	Other (If line 11g amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 11g expenses on Schedule O)	1,586,309	1,447,341	98,087	40,881
12	Advertising and promotion ....	425,754	182,588		243,166
13	Office expenses .......	980,585	523,357	309,035	148,193
14	Information technology ......	781,486	531,278	170,147	80,061
15	Royalties ..
16	Occupancy ...........	366,790	215,360	115,944	35,486
17	Travel ............	275,293	187,533	53,938	33,822
18	Payments of travel or entertainment expenses for any federal, state, or local public officials .
19	Conferences, conventions, and meetings ....	413,466	394,930	11,392	7,144
20	Interest ...........	7,309	4,292	2,310	707
21	Payments to affiliates .......
22	Depreciation, depletion, and amortization ..	345,725	201,643	105,736	38,346
23	Insurance ...	92,098	33,449	50,196	8,453
24	Other expenses. Itemize expenses not covered above (List miscellaneous expenses in line 24e. If line 24e amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 24e expenses on Schedule O.)
a	PUB. AWARENESS POSTAGE	6,122,375	2,953,752	432,230	2,736,393
b	PUB. AWARENESS PRINTING	3,904,853	1,907,867	258,116	1,738,870
c	PUB. AWARENESS COMP.	1,659,043	817,315	94,732	746,996
d	LIST RENTAL	1,302,395	604,175	74,074	624,146
e	All other expenses
25	Total functional expenses. Add lines 1 through 24e	42,851,514	31,129,621	3,694,704	8,027,189
26	Joint costs. Complete this line only if the organization reported in column (B) joint costs from a combined educational campaign and fundraising solicitation. Check here if following SOP 98-2 (ASC 958-720).	14,042,267	6,795,939	919,718	6,326,610

1	Cash–non-interest-bearing ........			4,106,677	1	2,907,293
2	Savings and temporary cash investments .........			337,121	2	269,981
3	Pledges and grants receivable, net ......			9,069,022	3	8,906,997
4	Accounts receivable, net .............				4
5	Loans and other payables to any current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, substantial contributor, or 35% controlled entity or family member of any of these persons .......
					5
6	Loans and other receivables from other disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)), and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B) ...
					6
7	Notes and loans receivable, net ...........				7
8	Inventories for sale or use ............			17,631	8	15,836
9	Prepaid expenses and deferred charges ......			173,957	9	89,282
10a	Land, buildings, and equipment: cost or other basis. Complete Part VI of Schedule D	10a	12,238,079
b	Less: accumulated depreciation	10b	4,641,223	7,767,340	10c	7,596,856
11	Investments—publicly traded securities .			37,056,380	11	33,795,346
12	Investments—other securities. See Part IV, line 11 .....				12
13	Investments—program-related. See Part IV, line 11 ..				13
14	Intangible assets ...............				14
15	Other assets. See Part IV, line 11 ...........			465,555	15	406,390
16	Total assets. Add lines 1 through 15 (must equal line 33)...			58,993,683	16	53,987,981

17	Accounts payable and accrued expenses .....	531,785	17	635,145
18	Grants payable ...	23,815,645	18	26,847,392
19	Deferred revenue .........	116,330	19	39,675
20	Tax-exempt bond liabilities .........		20
21	Escrow or custodial account liability. Complete Part IV of Schedule D		21
22	Loans and other payables to any current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, substantial contributor, or 35% controlled entity or family member of any of these persons .........
			22
23	Secured mortgages and notes payable to unrelated third parties ..		23
24	Unsecured notes and loans payable to unrelated third parties ..		24
25	Other liabilities (including federal income tax, payables to related third parties, and other liabilities not included on lines 17 - 24). Complete Part X of Schedule D	1,251,514	25	1,072,605
26	Total liabilities. Add lines 17 through 25..	25,715,274	26	28,594,817

	Organizations that follow FASB ASC 958, check here and complete lines 27, 28, 32, and 33.
27	Net assets without donor restrictions ..........	15,150,746	27	8,878,593
28	Net assets with donor restrictions ...........	18,127,663	28	16,514,571
	Organizations that do not follow FASB ASC 958, check here and complete lines 29 through 33.
29	Capital stock or trust principal, or current funds .....		29
30	Paid-in or capital surplus, or land, building or equipment fund ...		30
31	Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated income, or other funds		31
32	Total net assets or fund balances ...........	33,278,409	32	25,393,164
33	Total liabilities and net assets/fund balances ........	58,993,683	33	53,987,981

1	Was the organization a U.S. transferor of property to a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 926, Return by a U.S. Transferor of Property to a Foreign Corporation (see Instructions for Form 926). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
2	Did the organization have an interest in a foreign trust during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to separately file Form 3520, Annual Return to Report Transactions with Foreign Trusts and Receipt of Certain Foreign Gifts, and/or Form 3520-A, Annual Information Return of Foreign Trust With a U.S. Owner (see Instructions for Forms 3520 and 3520-A; don't file with Form 990). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
3	Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 5471, Information Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Corporations. (see Instructions for Form 5471). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
4	Was the organization a direct or indirect shareholder of a passive foreign investment company or a qualified electing fund during the tax year? If “Yes,” the organization may be required to file Form 8621, Information Return by a Shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund. (see Instructions for Form 8621) .	Yes	No
5	Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign partnership during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 8865, Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Partnerships (see Instructions for Form 8865). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
6	Did the organization have any operations in or related to any boycotting countries during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to separately file Form 5713, International Boycott Report (see Instructions for Form 5713; don't file with Form 990).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No