Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
Go to
www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.
| (i) Name of supported organization | (ii) EIN | (iii) Type of organization (described on lines 1- 10 above (see instructions)) | (iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document? | (v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions) | (vi) Amount of other support (see instructions) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
|
Total |
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Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in)
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(a) 2017 | (b) 2018 | (c) 2019 | (d) 2020 | (e) 2021 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grant.") .. | 0 | 0 | 8,564 | 2,882,050 | 6,457,645 | 9,348,259 |
| 2 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf.... | 0 | |||||
| 3 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge.. | 0 | |||||
| 4 | Total. Add lines 1 through 3 | 0 | 0 | 8,564 | 2,882,050 | 6,457,645 | 9,348,259 |
| 5 | The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f) .. | 175,566 | |||||
| 6 | Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4. | 9,172,693 | |||||
Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in)
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(a) 2017 | (b) 2018 | (c) 2019 | (d) 2020 | (e) 2021 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Amounts from line 4.. | 0 | 0 | 8,564 | 2,882,050 | 6,457,645 | 9,348,259 |
| 8 | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources... | 505 | 11,021 | 11,526 | |||
| 9 | Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.. | ||||||
| 10 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.).. | 301 | 777 | 1,078 | |||
| 11 | Total support. Add lines 7 through 10 | 9,360,863 | |||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2017 | (b) 2018 | (c) 2019 | (d) 2020 | (e) 2021 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") . | ||||||
| 2 | Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose | ||||||
| 3 | Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513 ..... | ||||||
| 4 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf... | ||||||
| 5 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge | ||||||
| 6 | Total. Add lines 1 through 5 | ||||||
| 7a | Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons | ||||||
| b | Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 7a and 7b.. | ||||||
| 8 | Public support. (Subtract line 7c from line 6.) | ||||||
Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2017 | (b) 2018 | (c) 2019 | (d) 2020 | (e) 2021 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | Amounts from line 6... | ||||||
| 10a | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources.. | ||||||
| b | Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 10a and 10b. | ||||||
| 11 | Net income from unrelated business activities not included on line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on. | ||||||
| 12 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) .. | ||||||
| 13 | Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.).. | ||||||
| Section A - Adjusted Net Income | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
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| 1 | Net short-term capital gain | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Other gross income (see instructions) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Add lines 1 through 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Depreciation and depletion | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Other expenses (see instructions) | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4) | 8 | ||||
| Section B - Minimum Asset Amount | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
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| 1 | Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year): | 1 | ||||
| a | Average monthly value of securities | 1a | ||||
| b | Average monthly cash balances | 1b | ||||
| c | Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets | 1c | ||||
| d | Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c) | 1d | ||||
| e |
Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI): |
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| 2 | Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Subtract line 2 from line 1d | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 0.015 of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions). | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3) | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Multiply line 5 by 0.035 | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6) | 8 | ||||
| Section C - Distributable Amount | Current Year | |||||
| 1 | Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A) | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Enter 85% of line 1 | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Enter greater of line 2 or line 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Income tax imposed in prior year | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| Section D - Distributions | Current Year | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes | 1 | |
|
2
Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity |
2 | |
| 3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations | 3 | |
| 4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets | 4 | |
| 5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required - provide details in Part VI) | 5 | |
| 6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions | 6 | |
| 7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6. | 7 | |
|
8
Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions |
8 | |
| 9 Distributable amount for 2021 from Section C, line 6 | 9 | |
| 10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount | 10 | |
| Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions) |
(i) Excess Distributions |
(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2021 |
(iii) Distributable Amount for 2021 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Distributable amount for 2021 from Section C, line 6 | ||||
|
2
Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2021 (reasonable cause required-- explain in Part VI). See instructions. |
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| 3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2021: | ||||
| a From 2016....... | ||||
| b From 2017....... | ||||
| c From 2018....... | ||||
| d From 2019....... | ||||
| e From 2020....... | ||||
| fTotal of lines 3a through e | ||||
| g Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| h Applied to 2021 distributable amount | ||||
|
i
Carryover from 2016 not applied (see instructions) |
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| j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from line 3f. | ||||
| 4Distributions for 2021 from Section D, line 7: | ||||
| $ | ||||
| a Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| b Applied to 2021 distributable amount | ||||
| c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from line 4. | ||||
|
5
Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2021, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions. |
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|
6
Remaining underdistributions for 2021. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions. |
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7 Excess distributions carryover to 2022. Add lines 3j and 4c. |
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| 8 Breakdown of line 7: | ||||
| a Excess from 2017..... | ||||
| b Excess from 2018..... | ||||
| c Excess from 2019..... | ||||
| d Excess from 2020..... | ||||
| e Excess from 2021..... | ||||
| Facts And Circumstances Test |
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| Return Reference | Explanation |
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| Software ID: | |
| Software Version: |
Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.
| Return Reference | Explanation |
|---|---|
| FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A | The Food Allergy Science Initiative ("FASI") was founded in 2016 by a group of parents united through a shared experience - witnessing their child experience a life-threatening allergic reaction. Frustrated at the lack of options for treatments and effective diagnostics, their own research uncovered the fundamental issue: despite all the advances in medicine and the study of our immune system, shockingly little is known about the biology behind food allergies. What makes an allergen an allergen? How do we become sensitized? And why do some people react so strongly while others do not? And importantly, why are food allergies becoming more common? With the realization that without understanding this biology it would be nearly impossible to find a cure, the founders organized a symposium in 2015 that brought together experts from various scientific fields to discuss how their research could synergize and tackle this enormous problem; in 2016 FASI was launched with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (the "Broad"). With just six labs at inception, FASI - as of February 2021 - is now a multifaceted independent 501(c)(3) organization working with more than 20 labs, over 100 scientists across the United States. Since its launch in 2016, FASI has made tremendous progress-advancing our knowledge of food allergy, pioneering important new research discoveries in the gut-brain axis, attracting talented young researchers, facilitating scientific and public outreach, and nurturing the food allergy community. What started out as a collaboration between the Broad and its partner institutions has become a multifaceted initiative that spans over 18 world-class labs across the U.S. and includes more than 100 scientists. Our FASI scientists meet at least bi-monthly sharing data and discussing interesting scientific projects. FASI funds scientists with the expertise and technology needed to work together with us to advance and grow the field. We are bringing computational biologists, infectious disease experts, and engineers together with experts who study the immune system, the digestive system, and the nervous system, all of which are now believed to conspire to cause food allergies. Coordinating these specialists under one common goal is what makes FASI unique. Our cross-disciplinary approach has enabled us to make seminal advances in these areas as well as be nimble and identify new research directions. Some of our achievements: -FASI's scientific director Ruslan Medzhitov has developed the idea of food allergy as an overactive reaction of the body's normal food quality control system - a paradigm shift in the way that food allergy research is approached, that has guided FASI in its unique collaborative vision. -FASI initially set a goal of creating a detailed cellular atlas of the gut, which we accomplished within the first year. This atlas is helping us identify and characterize these cells, which will help us - and the wider scientific community as a whole - understand how the body senses allergens and develops adverse responses. -FASI scientists were among the first to identify the link between the immune and nervous systems, identifying the specific cells and mediators involved in process of allergic sensitization and regulation of immune reactions This all important checkpoint is when the body decides to either trigger an allergic reaction or proceed normally. This key step in the neuroimmune interactions has been outlined in both the lung, gut and skin. -FASI is uncovering pathways of communication within the brain, a critical step in remembering allergens and causes of fear/anxiety in FA patients. This will help us find novel diagnostic and therapeutics. -The gut is constantly renewing and adapting to the complex mix of chemicals in our diets. Through newly developed technologies we have uncovered a brand-new functional axis, whereby immune cells monitor the gut for potential threats, and provide feedback signals that drive stem cells towards appropriate adaptation. Investigation of this axis not only shows us the far-reaching effects of the immune system, but also suggests possible mechanisms that may drive the adverse adaptations seen in food allergy - and this is but one example of the insights gained from this fundamental work. -Food represents an incredibly complex mixture of chemicals derived from plants, animals and additives, all of which can be modified further by the microbiome in our gut. These chemicals can be sensed by specialized cells that line the gut wall, several of which have been newly identified by FASI researchers. -FASI scientists at MIT and Massachusetts General Hospital are working with allergic patients to study oral immunotherapy (OIT) as a treatment for food allergy. Through detailed profiling of individuals' immune responses, we have identified interactions that help explain why OIT can induce temporary tolerance to allergens, but often doesn't translate to long term efficacy after treatment is stopped. Identifying such immune mechanisms will enable us to understand - and ultimately remove - the limitations to OIT's success in food allergy, and highlight ways to personalize treatments to each patient. -FASI physician-scientists treating patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) are developing a single-cell reference atlas for this allergy-related condition, using data from patients with active disease, patients in remission, and healthy individuals. -Investigating the cellular networks involved is helping us to understand how this disease starts, progresses and responds to different treatments. Harnessing FASI's collaborative approach, we are able to approach these questions from multiple angles and identify diverse systems that both exacerbate and regulate disease, guiding the development of effective therapies. -It is known that severe allergic reactions can happen the very first time a person eats peanuts, and this raises questions as to how the immune system is being primed to react. FASI researchers are investigating how the skin, and specifically how sensory neurons in the skin can act as the primary sensors of food and environmental allergens. Allergens directly activate nerves in the skin leading to the sensation of itch. These nerves also activate immune cells and can drive them to initiate an allergic response in other parts of the body. This research is helping us understand how the itch response is connected to food allergy, potentially providing a link between atopic dermatitis and food allergy, as well as giving insight into atopic dermatitis. Scientists have identified leukotrienes - a key mediator produced during allergies - as a driver of both acute and chronic itch. Blocking this pathway could be an important therapeutic strategy. -FASI research has led to 6 patents, 50+ publications and over 3000 citations in the medical literature. Through their research progress, FASI scientists are building a dynamic new field of research, creating a discovery engine that will drive us toward innovative solutions, and accelerate the development of breakthrough discoveries that will transform the lives of patients living with food allergies. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B | THE ORGANIZATION'S FORM 990 IS PREPARED BY A REPUTABLE CPA FIRM SPECIALIZING IN NOT FOR PROFIT TAX. THE FORM 990 IS PROVIDED TO THE CEO FOR REVIEW AND COMMENT AND ANY CHANGES ARE INCORPORATED. THE THE ORGANIZATION PROVIDES A DRAFT COPY OF FORM 990 FOR THE BOARD TO REVIEW PRIOR TO FILING. UPON APPROVAL THE ORGANIZATION FILES ITS 990. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C | Each FASI Director, Advisor and staff member SIGNS A CONFLICT OF INTEREST FORM AND receives an annual reminder of Conflict of Interest Policy in January of each year. While reaffirmation of the Policy is not required, existing FASI Directors, Advisors and staff must notify the Executive Director and/or his/her delegate immediately of any change in status related to potential Conflict of Interest issues. In addition, FASI will conduct periodic reviews of arrangements and policies to ensure that FASI operates in a manner consistent with charitable purposes and does not engage in activities that could jeopardize its tax-exempt status. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15: | COMPENSATION PROCESS FOR TOP OFFICIAL: THE ORGANIZATION USES THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATISTICS AND SALARY GUIDE TO OBTAIN COMPARABLE DATA ON POSITIONS. FURTHERMORE, THE ORGANIZATION PERIODICALLY REVIEWS THE COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS AND BENEFITS TO ENSURE THAT THEY ARE REASONABLE, BASED ON COMPETENT SURVEY INFORMATION AND THE RESULT OF ARM'S LENGTH BARGAINING. COMPENSATION OF OFFICERS IS APPROVED BY THE BOARD. |
| FORM 990, PART IV, SECTION B, LINE 19B | GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, DISCLOSURE EXPLANATION, THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, SUCH AS THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND GOVERNING DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. |
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