TY 2022 Form 990

- TIN:

Form990

Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue Service

Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax

Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except private foundations)

Do not enter social security numbers on this form as it may be made public.

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2021

Open to Public Inspection

A For the 2021 calendar year, or tax year beginning 10-01-2022 , and ending 09-30-2023

BCheck if applicable: Address change Name change Initial return Final return/terminated Amended return Application pending

CName of organization
ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND

% N LOUIS MKANGANWI

Doing business as

Number and street (or P.O. box if mail is not delivered to street address)
257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH

Room/suite

City or town, state or province, country, and ZIP or foreign postal code
NEW YORK, NY10010

D Employer identification number

90-0080500

E Telephone number

G Gross receipts $ 19,959,256

F Name and address of principal officer:
David Kieve
257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH
NEW YORK,NY10010

Tax-exempt status: 501(c)(3) 501(c) ( 4 ) LeftBullet

(insert no.) 4947(a)(1) or 527

Website:

WWW.EDFACTION.ORG

H(a)

Is this a group return for
subordinates? Yes No

H(b)

Are all subordinates
included?

Yes No

If "No," attach a list. See instructions.

H(c)

Group exemption number MediumBullet

K Form of organization: Corporation Trust Association Other MediumBullet

L Year of formation: 2002

M State of legal domicile: DE

Part I

Summary

1	Briefly describe the organization’s mission or most significant activities: TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL & CONSERVATION ISSUES AS WELL AS ADVOCATE LEGISLATION & POLICIES THAT PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS OF ALL PEOPLE.
2	Check this box
3	Number of voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1a) ........	3	20
4	Number of independent voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1b) .....	4	20
5	Total number of individuals employed in calendar year 2021 (Part V, line 2a) ......	5	0
6	Total number of volunteers (estimate if necessary) .............	6	2,388
7a	Total unrelated business revenue from Part VIII, column (C), line 12 ........	7a	0
b	Net unrelated business taxable income from Form 990-T, Part I, line 11 .........	7b	0

		Prior Year	Current Year
8	Contributions and grants (Part VIII, line 1h) .........	29,002,795	19,821,920
9	Program service revenue (Part VIII, line 2g) .........	0	0
10	Investment income (Part VIII, column (A), lines 3, 4, and 7d ) ....	1,376	118,573
11	Other revenue (Part VIII, column (A), lines 5, 6d, 8c, 9c, 10c, and 11e)	20,436	17,647
12	Total revenue—add lines 8 through 11 (must equal Part VIII, column (A), line 12)	29,024,607	19,958,140
13	Grants and similar amounts paid (Part IX, column (A), lines 1–3 )...	2,283,236	750,108
14	Benefits paid to or for members (Part IX, column (A), line 4).....	0	0
15	Salaries, other compensation, employee benefits (Part IX, column (A), lines 5–10)	4,238,136	4,802,109
16a	Professional fundraising fees (Part IX, column (A), line 11e) .....	0	0
b	Total fundraising expenses (Part IX, column (D), line 25) 433,679
17	Other expenses (Part IX, column (A), lines 11a–11d, 11f–24e)....	23,200,837	13,193,084
18	Total expenses. Add lines 13–17 (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25)	29,722,209	18,745,301
19	Revenue less expenses. Subtract line 18 from line 12.......	-697,602	1,212,839
		Beginning of Current Year	End of Year
20	Total assets (Part X, line 16).............	6,474,489	6,517,593
21	Total liabilities (Part X, line 26).............	2,545,065	1,375,473
22	Net assets or fund balances. Subtract line 21 from line 20.....	3,929,424	5,142,120

Part II

Signature Block

Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this return, including accompanying schedules and statements, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, it is true, correct, and complete. Declaration of preparer (other than officer) is based on all information of which preparer has any knowledge.

Sign Here

	Signature of officer	Date

	Type or print name and title

Paid Preparer Use Only

Print/Type preparer's name

Preparer's signature

Date

Check if
self-employed

PTIN

Firm's name MediumBullet

Firm's EIN MediumBullet

Firm's address MediumBullet

Phone no.

May the IRS discuss this return with the preparer shown above? (see instructions) ..........YesNo

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the separate instructions.

Cat. No. 11282Y Form 990 (2021)

Form 990 (2021)

Page 2

Part III

Statement of Program Service Accomplishments

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part III..............

Briefly describe the organization’s mission: TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL AND CONSERVATION ISSUES AS WELL AS ADVOCATE LEGISLATION AND POLICIES THAT PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS OF ALL PEOPLE.

Did the organization undertake any significant program services during the year which were not listed on
the prior Form 990 or 990-EZ? ..................... Yes No

If "Yes," describe these new services on Schedule O.

Did the organization cease conducting, or make significant changes in how it conducts, any program
services? ........................... Yes No

If "Yes," describe these changes on Schedule O.

Describe the organization’s program service accomplishments for each of its three largest program services, as measured by expenses. Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations are required to report the amount of grants and allocations to others, the total expenses, and revenue, if any, for each program service reported.


4a	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 12,933,629 including grants of $ 4,983,583 ) (Revenue $ 0 )
	CORE CAPACITIES AND EDUCATION - Environmental Defense Action Fund (EDF Action) leverages deep expertise in science and economics to drive sweeping change through advocacy and focused engagement in communities most impacted by climate change.

4b	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 1,997,753 including grants of $ 294,300 ) (Revenue $ 0 )
	STABILIZE THE CLIMATE - The Environmental Defense Action Fund (EDF Action) is the advocacy partner of the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). The two organizations take on different roles in achieving common objectives. EDF supported research, scientific analysis, and policy positioning, and EDF Action's primary purpose is to engage in advocacy, education, lobbying and legislative work. In 2023, EDF Action defended progress at the federal level, fighting back threats to the Inflation Reduction Act and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, as well as at the state level including supporting water conservation policies in the southwest, methane emission reduction measures in oil and gas states, and promoting clean air through better oversight and mitigation. At the federal level, EDF Action worked to protect limits on methane pollution, advocated for robust policies to advance transportation electrification, supported policies to reduce emissions from agriculture in partnership with farming allies, advanced legislative and regulatory changes to preserve healthy fisheries and oceans, and made strides on reducing air pollution that disproportionally impacts frontline communities. As part of this process, EDF Action and its partners held over 947 meetings with members of Congress in 2023; spent over $700,000 in paid advertising to build public support clean energy and the environment; generated nearly 200,000 emails to Capitol Hill; and managed earned media events in target states to support key priorities. EDF Action continued to invest in building a robust grassroots membership capable of advancing policy priorities including state commitments on clean energy and implementation of the Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law.

4c	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 1,833,963 including grants of $ 27,500 ) (Revenue $ 0 )
	Strengthen People's and Nature's Ability to Thrive - EDF Action works to ensure that communities across the country can withstand existing climate impacts while building their resilience as the climate changes.

4d	Other program services (Describe in Schedule O.)
	(Expenses $ 702,633 including grants of $ 0 ) (Revenue $ 0 )
4e	Total program service expenses17,467,978

Form 990 (2021)

Page 3

Part IV

Checklist of Required Schedules

Yes

Is the organization described in section 501(c)(3) or 4947(a)(1) (other than a private foundation)? If "Yes," complete Schedule A.....................

Is the organization required to complete Schedule B, Schedule of Contributors? See instructions. Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

...

Yes

Did the organization engage in direct or indirect political campaign activities on behalf of or in opposition to candidates for public office? If "Yes," complete Schedule C, Part I Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

.............

Yes

Section 501(c)(3) organizations. Did the organization engage in lobbying activities, or have a section 501(h) election in effect during the tax year? If "Yes," complete Schedule C, Part II.........

Is the organization a section 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), or 501(c)(6) organization that receives membership dues, assessments, or similar amounts as defined in Rev. Proc. 98-19? If "Yes," complete Schedule C, Part III Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

Did the organization maintain any donor advised funds or any similar funds or accounts for which donors have the right to provide advice on the distribution or investment of amounts in such funds or accounts? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part I Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

.........................

Did the organization receive or hold a conservation easement, including easements to preserve open space,
the environment, historic land areas, or historic structures? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part II Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

....

Did the organization maintain collections of works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets? If "Yes,"
complete Schedule D, Part III Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

..............

Did the organization report an amount in Part X, line 21 for escrow or custodial account liability; serve as a custodian for amounts not listed in Part X; or provide credit counseling, debt management, credit repair, or debt negotiation services? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part IV Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

..............

Did the organization, directly or through a related organization, hold assets in temporarily restricted endowments, permanent endowments, or quasi endowments? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part V Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

......

If the organization’s answer to any of the following questions is "Yes," then complete Schedule D, Parts VI, VII, VIII, IX, or X, as applicable.

Did the organization report an amount for land, buildings, and equipment in Part X, line 10? If "Yes," complete
Schedule D, Part VI. Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

...................

11a

Did the organization report an amount for investments—other securities in Part X, line 12 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part VII Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

.......

11b

Did the organization report an amount for investments—program related in Part X, line 13 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part VIII Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

.......

11c

Did the organization report an amount for other assets in Part X, line 15 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part IX Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

............

11d

Did the organization report an amount for other liabilities in Part X, line 25? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part X Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

11e

Yes

Did the organization’s separate or consolidated financial statements for the tax year include a footnote that addresses the organization’s liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC 740)? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part X Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

11f

Yes

12a

Did the organization obtain separate, independent audited financial statements for the tax year? If "Yes," complete
Schedule D, Parts XI and XII Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

......................

12a

Yes

Was the organization included in consolidated, independent audited financial statements for the tax year? If "Yes," and if the organization answered "No" to line 12a, then completing Schedule D, Parts XI and XII is optional Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

12b

Yes

Is the organization a school described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii)? If "Yes," complete Schedule E

14a

Did the organization maintain an office, employees, or agents outside of the United States? .....

14a

Did the organization have aggregate revenues or expenses of more than $10,000 from grantmaking, fundraising, business, investment, and program service activities outside the United States, or aggregate foreign investments valued at $100,000 or more? If "Yes," complete Schedule F, Parts I and IV.........

14b

Did the organization report on Part IX, column (A), line 3, more than $5,000 of grants or other assistance to or for any foreign organization? If “Yes,” complete Schedule F, Parts II and IV.....

Did the organization report on Part IX, column (A), line 3, more than $5,000 of aggregate grants or other assistance to or for foreign individuals? If “Yes,” complete Schedule F, Parts III and IV...

Did the organization report a total of more than $15,000 of expenses for professional fundraising services on Part IX, column (A), lines 6 and 11e? If "Yes," complete Schedule G, Part I. See instructions. ....

Did the organization report more than $15,000 total of fundraising event gross income and contributions on Part VIII, lines 1c and 8a? If "Yes," complete Schedule G, Part II............

Did the organization report more than $15,000 of gross income from gaming activities on Part VIII, line 9a? If "Yes," complete Schedule G, Part III...................

20a

Did the organization operate one or more hospital facilities? If "Yes," complete Schedule H....

20a

If "Yes" to line 20a, did the organization attach a copy of its audited financial statements to this return?

20b

Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants or other assistance to any domestic organization or domestic government on Part IX, column (A), line 1? If “Yes,” complete Schedule I, Parts I and II..... Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

Form 990 (2021)

Page 4

Part IV

Checklist of Required Schedules (continued)

Yes

Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants or other assistance to or for domestic individuals on Part IX, column (A), line 2? If “Yes,” complete Schedule I, Parts I and III........ Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Did the organization answer "Yes" to Part VII, Section A, line 3, 4, or 5, about compensation of the organization’s current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees? If "Yes," complete Schedule J....................... Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

24a

Did the organization have a tax-exempt bond issue with an outstanding principal amount of more than $100,000 as of the last day of the year, that was issued after December 31, 2002? If “Yes,” answer lines 24b through 24d and complete Schedule K. If “No,” go to line 25a...............

24a

Did the organization invest any proceeds of tax-exempt bonds beyond a temporary period exception?...

24b

Did the organization maintain an escrow account other than a refunding escrow at any time during the year
to defease any tax-exempt bonds? ...............

24c

Did the organization act as an "on behalf of" issuer for bonds outstanding at any time during the year?...

24d

25a

Section 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), and 501(c)(29) organizations. Did the organization engage in an excess benefit transaction with a disqualified person during the year? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part I ....

25a

Is the organization aware that it engaged in an excess benefit transaction with a disqualified person in a prior year, and that the transaction has not been reported on any of the organization’s prior Forms 990 or 990-EZ? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part I.......................

25b

Did the organization report any amount on Part X, line 5 or 22 for receivables from or payables to any current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, substantial contributor, or 35% controlled entity or family member of any of these persons? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part II...........

Did the organization provide a grant or other assistance to any current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, substantial contributor, or employee thereof, a grant selection committee member, or to a 35% controlled entity (including an employee thereof) or family member of any of these persons?

If "Yes," complete

Schedule L, Part III.........................

Was the organization a party to a business transaction with one of the following parties (see the Schedule L, Part IV instructions for applicable filing thresholds, conditions, and exceptions):

A current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, or substantial contributor? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part IV......................

28a

A family member of any individual described in line 28a? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part IV.....

28b

A 35% controlled entity of one or more individuals and/or organizations described in line 28a or 28b? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part IV.....................

28c

Did the organization receive more than $25,000 in non-cash contributions? If "Yes," complete Schedule M..

Did the organization receive contributions of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets, or qualified conservation contributions? If "Yes," complete Schedule M .................

Did the organization liquidate, terminate, or dissolve and cease operations? If "Yes," complete Schedule N, Part I

Did the organization sell, exchange, dispose of, or transfer more than 25% of its net assets? If "Yes," complete Schedule N, Part II........................

Did the organization own 100% of an entity disregarded as separate from the organization under Regulations sections 301.7701-2 and 301.7701-3? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part I............ Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Was the organization related to any tax-exempt or taxable entity? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part II, III, or IV, and Part V, line 1......................... Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

35a

Did the organization have a controlled entity within the meaning of section 512(b)(13)?

35a

If ‘Yes’ to line 35a, did the organization receive any payment from or engage in any transaction with a controlled entity within the meaning of section 512(b)(13)? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part V, line 2 ...

35b

Section 501(c)(3) organizations. Did the organization make any transfers to an exempt non-charitable related organization? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part V, line 2.............

Did the organization conduct more than 5% of its activities through an entity that is not a related organization and that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part VI Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Did the organization complete Schedule O and provide explanations on Schedule O for Part VI, lines 11b and 19? Note. All Form 990 filers are required to complete Schedule O. ............

Yes

Part V

Statements Regarding Other IRS Filings and Tax Compliance
Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part V...........

Yes

Enter the number reported in box 3 of Form 1096. Enter -0- if not applicable ..

Enter the number of Forms W-2G included on line 1a. Enter -0- if not applicable .

Did the organization comply with backup withholding rules for reportable payments to vendors and reportable gaming (gambling) winnings to prize winners? ..................

Yes

Form 990 (2021)

Page 5

Part V

Statements Regarding Other IRS Filings and Tax Compliance (continued)

Enter the number of employees reported on Form W-3, Transmittal of Wage and
Tax Statements, filed for the calendar year ending with or within the year covered by this return ..................

If at least one is reported on line 2a, did the organization file all required federal employment tax returns?
Note. If the sum of lines 1a and 2a is greater than 250, you may be required to e-file. See instructions.

Did the organization have unrelated business gross income of $1,000 or more during the year?...

If “Yes,” has it filed a Form 990-T for this year? If “No” to line 3b, provide an explanation in Schedule O...

At any time during the calendar year, did the organization have an interest in, or a signature or other authority over, a financial account in a foreign country (such as a bank account, securities account, or other financial account)? ..

If "Yes," enter the name of the foreign country: MediumBullet

See instructions for filing requirements for FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR).

Was the organization a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction at any time during the tax year? ..

Did any taxable party notify the organization that it was or is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction?

If "Yes," to line 5a or 5b, did the organization file Form 8886-T? ............

Does the organization have annual gross receipts that are normally greater than $100,000, and did the organization solicit any contributions that were not tax deductible as charitable contributions? ...

Yes

If "Yes," did the organization include with every solicitation an express statement that such contributions or gifts were not tax deductible? ......................

Yes

Organizations that may receive deductible contributions under section 170(c).

Did the organization receive a payment in excess of $75 made partly as a contribution and partly for goods and services provided to the payor? ....................

If "Yes," did the organization notify the donor of the value of the goods or services provided? .....

Did the organization sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of tangible personal property for which it was required to file Form 8282? .........................

If "Yes," indicate the number of Forms 8282 filed during the year ....

Did the organization receive any funds, directly or indirectly, to pay premiums on a personal benefit contract?

Did the organization, during the year, pay premiums, directly or indirectly, on a personal benefit contract? ..

If the organization received a contribution of qualified intellectual property, did the organization file Form 8899 as required? ......................

If the organization received a contribution of cars, boats, airplanes, or other vehicles, did the organization file a Form 1098-C? ..........................

Sponsoring organizations maintaining donor advised funds. Did a donor advised fund maintained by the sponsoring organization have excess business holdings at any time during the year? ........

Sponsoring organizations maintaining donor advised funds.

Did the sponsoring organization make any taxable distributions under section 4966?........

Did the sponsoring organization make a distribution to a donor, donor advisor, or related person?...

Section 501(c)(7) organizations. Enter:

Initiation fees and capital contributions included on Part VIII, line 12 ...

10a

Gross receipts, included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12, for public use of club facilities

10b

Section 501(c)(12) organizations. Enter:

Gross income from members or shareholders .........

11a

Gross income from other sources. (Do not net amounts due or paid to other sources against amounts due or received from them.) ..........

11b

12a

Section 4947(a)(1) non-exempt charitable trusts. Is the organization filing Form 990 in lieu of Form 1041?

12a

If "Yes," enter the amount of tax-exempt interest received or accrued during the year.

12b

Section 501(c)(29) qualified nonprofit health insurance issuers.

Is the organization licensed to issue qualified health plans in more than one state? .........
Note. See the instructions for additional information the organization must report on Schedule O.

13a

Enter the amount of reserves the organization is required to maintain by the states in which the organization is licensed to issue qualified health plans ....

13b

Enter the amount of reserves on hand ............

13c

14a

Did the organization receive any payments for indoor tanning services during the tax year?.....

14a

If "Yes," has it filed a Form 720 to report these payments? If "No," provide an explanation in Schedule O..

14b

Is the organization subject to the section 4960 tax on payment(s) of more than $1,000,000 in remuneration or excess parachute payment(s) during the year? ....................
If "Yes," see the instructions and file Form 4720, Schedule N.

Is the organization an educational institution subject to the section 4968 excise tax on net investment income? ..
If "Yes," complete Form 4720, Schedule O.

Section 501(c)(21) organizations. Did the trust, any disqualified person, or mine operator engage in any activities that would result in the imposition of an excise tax under section 4951, 4952, or 4953? ..
If "Yes," complete Form 6069.

Form 990 (2021)

Page 6

Part VI

Governance, Management, and Disclosure. For each "Yes" response to lines 2 through 7b below, and for a "No" response to lines 8a, 8b, or 10b below, describe the circumstances, processes, or changes in Schedule O. See instructions.

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part VI..............

Section A. Governing Body and Management

Yes

Enter the number of voting members of the governing body at the end of the tax year

If there are material differences in voting rights among members of the governing body, or if the governing body delegated broad authority to an executive committee or similar committee, explain in Schedule O.

Enter the number of voting members included in line 1a, above, who are independent

Did any officer, director, trustee, or key employee have a family relationship or a business relationship with any other officer, director, trustee, or key employee? .................

Did the organization delegate control over management duties customarily performed by or under the direct supervision of officers, directors or trustees, or key employees to a management company or other person? .

Did the organization make any significant changes to its governing documents since the prior Form 990 was filed? .

Did the organization become aware during the year of a significant diversion of the organization’s assets? .

Did the organization have members or stockholders? ................

Yes

Did the organization have members, stockholders, or other persons who had the power to elect or appoint one or more members of the governing body? ....................

Yes

Are any governance decisions of the organization reserved to (or subject to approval by) members, stockholders, or persons other than the governing body? ...................

Yes

Did the organization contemporaneously document the meetings held or written actions undertaken during the year by the following:

The governing body? .......................

Yes

Each committee with authority to act on behalf of the governing body? ............

Yes

Is there any officer, director, trustee, or key employee listed in Part VII, Section A, who cannot be reached at the organization’s mailing address? If "Yes," provide the names and addresses in Schedule O.......

Section B. Policies (This Section B requests information about policies not required by the Internal Revenue Code.)

Yes

10a

Did the organization have local chapters, branches, or affiliates? ............

10a

If "Yes," did the organization have written policies and procedures governing the activities of such chapters, affiliates, and branches to ensure their operations are consistent with the organization's exempt purposes?

10b

11a

Has the organization provided a complete copy of this Form 990 to all members of its governing body before filing the form? ............................

11a

Describe on Schedule O the process, if any, used by the organization to review this Form 990. .....

12a

Did the organization have a written conflict of interest policy? If "No," go to line 13.......

12a

Yes

Were officers, directors, or trustees, and key employees required to disclose annually interests that could give rise to conflicts? ..........................

12b

Yes

Did the organization regularly and consistently monitor and enforce compliance with the policy? If "Yes," describe on Schedule O how this was done...................

12c

Yes

Did the organization have a written whistleblower policy? ...............

Yes

Did the organization have a written document retention and destruction policy? .........

Yes

Did the process for determining compensation of the following persons include a review and approval by independent persons, comparability data, and contemporaneous substantiation of the deliberation and decision?

The organization’s CEO, Executive Director, or top management official ...........

15a

Other officers or key employees of the organization ................

15b

If "Yes" to line 15a or 15b, describe the process on Schedule O. See instructions.

16a

Did the organization invest in, contribute assets to, or participate in a joint venture or similar arrangement with a taxable entity during the year? ......................

16a

If "Yes," did the organization follow a written policy or procedure requiring the organization to evaluate its participation in joint venture arrangements under applicable federal tax law, and take steps to safeguard the organization’s exempt status with respect to such arrangements? ............

16b

Section C. Disclosure

List the states with which a copy of this Form 990 is required to be filed MediumBullet

AL , AK , AR , CA , CO , CT , FL , GA , HI , IL , KS , KY , ME , MD , MA , MI , MN , MS , MO , NV , NH , NJ , NY , NC , ND , OH , OK , OR , PA , RI , SC , TN , UT , VA , WA , WV , WI

Section 6104 requires an organization to make its Form 1023 (1024 or 1024-A, if applicable), 990, and 990-T (section 501(c)(3)s only) available for public inspection. Indicate how you made these available. Check all that apply.

Own website Another's website Upon request Other (explain in Schedule O)

Describe in Schedule O whether (and if so, how) the organization made its governing documents, conflict of interest policy, and financial statements available to the public during the tax year.

State the name, address, and telephone number of the person who possesses the organization's books and records:
MediumBullet

N LOUIS MKANGANWI257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH NEW YORK,NY10010 (212) 505-2100

Form 990 (2021)

Page 7

Part VII

Compensation of Officers, Directors,Trustees, Key Employees, Highest Compensated Employees, and Independent Contractors

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part VII..............

Section A. Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees

1a Complete this table for all persons required to be listed. Report compensation for the calendar year ending with or within the organization’s tax year.
RoundBullet

List all of the organization’s current officers, directors, trustees (whether individuals or organizations), regardless of amount
of compensation. Enter -0- in columns (D), (E), and (F) if no compensation was paid.

List all of the organization’s current key employees, if any. See the instructions for definition of "key employee."

List the organization’s five current highest compensated employees (other than an officer, director, trustee or key employee)
who received reportable compensation (box 5 of Form W-2, Form 1099-MISC, and/or box 1 of Form 1099-NEC) of more than $100,000 from the
organization and any related organizations.

List all of the organization’s former officers, key employees, or highest compensated employees who received more than $100,000
of reportable compensation from the organization and any related organizations.

List all of the organization’s former directors or trustees that received, in the capacity as a former director or trustee of the
organization, more than $10,000 of reportable compensation from the organization and any related organizations.

See the instructions for the order in which to list the persons above.

Check this box if neither the organization nor any related organization compensated any current officer, director, or trustee.

(A) Name and title	(B) Average hours per week (list any hours for related organizations below dotted line)	(C) Position (do not check more than one box, unless person is both an officer and a director/trustee)		(D) Reportable compensation from the organization (W-2/1099-MISC/1099-NEC)	(E) Reportable compensation from related organizations (W-2/1099-MISC/1099-NEC)	(F) Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
(A) Name and title
(1) FREDERIC D KRUPP...................................................................... EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR	4.0 ................. 36.0		X	0	1,134,624	58,170
(2) N LOUIS MKANGANWI...................................................................... CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	4.0 ................. 36.0		X	0	300,789	27,387
(3) DAVID KIEVE...................................................................... PRESIDENT	36.0 ................. 4.0		X	0	219,846	7,539
(4) ASHLEY LOUGH...................................................................... SECRETARY	36.0 ................. 4.0		X	0	59,028	3,636
(5) SUSAN FORD DORSEY...................................................................... CO-CHAIR THRU 5/23 / DIRECTOR	2.0 ................. 2.0	X	X	0	0	0
(6) CODDY JOHNSON...................................................................... CO-CHAIR	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	X	0	0	0
(7) ELIZABETH B STRICKLER...................................................................... CO-CHAIR	2.0 ................. 2.0	X	X	0	0	0
(8) FRANK LOY...................................................................... CHAIR EMERITUS	2.0 ................. 2.0	X	X	0	0	0
(9) THOMAS F DARDEN II...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.0 ................. 0.0	X		0	0	0
(10) RICHARD H DAVIS...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.0 ................. 0.0	X		0	0	0
(11) KIRSTEN J FELDMAN...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.0 ................. 2.0	X		0	0	0
(12) CARL FERENBACH...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.0 ................. 2.0	X		0	0	0
(13) CHARLES J HAMILTON JR ESQ...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.0 ................. 2.0	X		0	0	0
(14) KEVIN JOHNSON...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.0 ................. 2.0	X		0	0	0
(15) THE HONORABLE THOMAS H KEAN...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.0 ................. 2.0	X		0	0	0
(16) JOHN C KERR...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.0 ................. 0.0	X		0	0	0
(17) ABBY LEIGH...................................................................... DIRECTOR	2.0 ................. 2.0	X		0	0	0

Form 990 (2021)

Page 8

Part VII

Section A. Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees (continued)

(A) Name and title	(B) Average hours per week (list any hours for related organizations below dotted line)	(C) Position (do not check more than one box, unless person is both an officer and a director/trustee)	(D) Reportable compensation from the organization (W-2/1099-MISC/1099-NEC)	(E) Reportable compensation from related organizations (W-2/1099-MISC/1099-NEC)	(F) Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
(A) Name and title
(18) SUSAN MANDEL........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.0 .......................2.0	X	0	0	0
(19) MARY POWELL........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.0 .......................2.0	X	0	0	0
(20) JON POWERS........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.0 .......................0.0	X	0	0	0
(21) CLARA PRATTE........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.0 .......................2.0	X	0	0	0
(22) GARY RAPPEPORT THRU 523........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.0 .......................2.0	X	0	0	0
(23) THAIS LOPEZ VOGEL ESQ........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.0 .......................0.0	X	0	0	0
(24) JEFFREY P WILLIAMS........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.0 .......................2.0	X	0	0	0
(25) JOANNE WITTY........................................................................ DIRECTOR	2.0 .......................0.0	X	0	0	0

1b	Sub-Total................
c	Total from continuation sheets to Part VII, Section A....
d	Total (add lines 1b and 1c)...........	0	1,714,287	96,732

Total number of individuals (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 of reportable compensation from the organization MediumBullet

Yes

Did the organization list any former officer, director or trustee, key employee, or highest compensated employee on line 1a? If "Yes," complete Schedule J for such individual ..............

For any individual listed on line 1a, is the sum of reportable compensation and other compensation from the organization and related organizations greater than $150,000? If "Yes," complete Schedule J for such
individual...........................

Yes

Did any person listed on line 1a receive or accrue compensation from any unrelated organization or individual for services rendered to the organization? If "Yes," complete Schedule J for such person ........

Section B. Independent Contractors

Complete this table for your five highest compensated independent contractors that received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization. Report compensation for the calendar year ending with or within the organization’s tax year.

(A) Name and business address	(B) Description of services	(C) Compensation
GLOBAL STRATEGY GROUP LLC, 215 PARK AVENUE SOUTH 15TH FLOOR NEW YORK,NY10003	RESEARCH SURVEYS	398,000
EDGEMARK PARTNERS INC, 4510 COX ROAD SUITE 305 GLEN ALLEN,VA23060	POSTAGE/MAIL PROD.	375,855
THE OUTREACH TEAM LLC, 407 COLLEGE AVENUE SUITE 349 ITHACA,NY14850	field organizing	270,000
COMPETE DIGITAL LLC, 1317 POTOMAC AVENUE SE WASHINGTON,DC20003	DIGITAL ADS	264,450
KL GATES LLP, 210 SIXTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH,PA15222	LEGAL/AQUACULTURE	154,500
2 Total number of independent contractors (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization 9

Form 990 (2021)

Page 9

Part VIII

Statement of Revenue

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part VIII.............

(A)
Total revenue

(B)
Related or
exempt
function
revenue

(D)
Revenue
excluded from
tax under sections
512 - 514

1a	Federated campaigns..		1a
b	Membership dues..		1b	704,859
c	Fundraising events..		1c
d	Related organizations		1d	7,867,820
e	Government grants (contributions)		1e

f	All other contributions, gifts, grants, and similar amounts not included above		1f	11,249,241

g	Noncash contributions included in lines 1a - 1f:$		1g

h Total. Add lines 1a-1f.......		19,821,920

		Business Code
2a
b
c
d
e
f	All other program service revenue.
g	Total. Add lines 2a–2f .....		0

3 Investment income (including dividends, interest, and othersimilar amounts) ......			119,689		119,689
4 Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds			0
5 Royalties...........			0
		(ii) Personal	(i) Real
6a	Gross rents			6a
b	Less: rental expenses			6b
c	Rental income or (loss)	0	0	6c
d	Net rental income or (loss).......			0
		(ii) Other	(i) Securities
7a	Gross amount from sales of assets other than inventory			7a
b	Less: cost or other basis and sales expenses		1,116	7b
c	Gain or (loss)		-1,116	7c
d	Net gain or (loss).........			-1,116		-1,116
8a	Gross income from fundraising events (not including $ of contributions reported on line 1c). See Part IV, line 18 ....
			8a	0
b	Less: direct expenses ...		8b	0
c	Net income or (loss) from fundraising events..			0
9a	Gross income from gaming activities. See Part IV, line 19 ...
			9a	0
b	Less: direct expenses ...		9b	0
c	Net income or (loss) from gaming activities..			0
10a	Gross sales of inventory, less returns and allowances ..
			10a	0
b	Less: cost of goods sold ..		10b	0
c	Net income or (loss) from sales of inventory..			0
Business Code			Miscellaneous Revenue
11a	OTHER INCOME		900099	17,647		17,647
b
c
d	All other revenue ....
e	Total. Add lines 11a–11d ......			17,647
12	Total revenue. See instructions.....			19,958,140		136,220

Form 990 (2021)

Page 10

Part IX

Statement of Functional Expenses

Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations must complete all columns. All other organizations must complete column (A).Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part IX..............

Do not include amounts reported on lines 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b, and 10b of Part VIII.		(A) Total expenses	(B) Program service expenses	(C) Management and general expenses	(D) Fundraising expenses

1	Grants and other assistance to domestic organizations and domestic governments. See Part IV, line 21 ....	750,108	750,108
2	Grants and other assistance to domestic individuals. See Part IV, line 22 ...........	0
3	Grants and other assistance to foreign organizations, foreign governments, and foreign individuals. See Part IV, lines 15 and 16. .............	0
4	Benefits paid to or for members .......	0
5	Compensation of current officers, directors, trustees, and key employees ...........	0	0
6	Compensation not included above, to disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)) and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B) .........	0
7	Other salaries and wages........	3,726,941	3,717,018	9,923
8	Pension plan accruals and contributions (include section 401(k) and 403(b) employer contributions) ....	0
9	Other employee benefits .......	992,918	990,135	2,783
10	Payroll taxes ...........	82,250	82,019	231
11	Fees for services (non-employees):
a	Management ......	0
b	Legal .........	26,064	21,429	3,016	1,619
c	Accounting ...........	0
d	Lobbying ...........	0
e	Professional fundraising services. See Part IV, line 17	0
f	Investment management fees ......	175		175
g	Other (If line 11g amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 11g expenses on Schedule O)	6,954,772	5,717,853	804,859	432,060
12	Advertising and promotion ....	737,391	737,375	16
13	Office expenses .......	464,175	444,253	19,922
14	Information technology ......	0
15	Royalties ..	0
16	Occupancy ...........	0
17	Travel ............	64,469	64,294	175
18	Payments of travel or entertainment expenses for any federal, state, or local public officials .	0
19	Conferences, conventions, and meetings ....	34,812	34,118	694
20	Interest ...........	0
21	Payments to affiliates .......	0
22	Depreciation, depletion, and amortization ..	0
23	Insurance ...	0
24	Other expenses. Itemize expenses not covered above (List miscellaneous expenses in line 24e. If line 24e amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 24e expenses on Schedule O.)
a	POLITICAL AFFAIRS- SEE SCH C	4,555,275	4,555,275
b	SUBSCRIPTIONS & DUES	334,766	333,876	890
c	MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES	21,185	20,225	960
d
e	All other expenses
25	Total functional expenses. Add lines 1 through 24e	18,745,301	17,467,978	843,644	433,679
26	Joint costs. Complete this line only if the organization reported in column (B) joint costs from a combined educational campaign and fundraising solicitation. Check here if following SOP 98-2 (ASC 958-720).

Form 990 (2021)

Page 11

Part X

Balance Sheet

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part IX..............

				(A) Beginning of year		(B) End of year

1	Cash–non-interest-bearing ........		4,558,505	1	2,682,029
2	Savings and temporary cash investments .........		1,084,641	2	3,747,010
3	Pledges and grants receivable, net ......		725,000	3	0
4	Accounts receivable, net .............		0	4	0
5	Loans and other receivables from any current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, substantial contributor, or 35% controlled entity or family member of any of these persons .......
			0	5	0
6	Loans and other receivables from other disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)), and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B) ...
			0	6	0
7	Notes and loans receivable, net ...........		0	7	0
8	Inventories for sale or use ............		0	8	0
9	Prepaid expenses and deferred charges ......		106,343	9	88,554
10a	Land, buildings, and equipment: cost or other basis. Complete Part VI of Schedule D	10a
b	Less: accumulated depreciation	10b	0	10c	0
11	Investments—publicly traded securities .		0	11	0
12	Investments—other securities. See Part IV, line 11 .....		0	12	0
13	Investments—program-related. See Part IV, line 11 ..		0	13	0
14	Intangible assets ...............		0	14	0
15	Other assets. See Part IV, line 11 ...........		0	15	0
16	Total assets. Add lines 1 through 15 (must equal line 33)...		6,474,489	16	6,517,593

17	Accounts payable and accrued expenses .....	903,739	17	723,806
18	Grants payable ...	51,500	18	51,500
19	Deferred revenue .........	0	19	0
20	Tax-exempt bond liabilities .........	0	20	0
21	Escrow or custodial account liability. Complete Part IV of Schedule D	0	21	0
22	Loans and other payables to any current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, substantial contributor, or 35% controlled entity or family member of any of these persons .........
		0	22	0
23	Secured mortgages and notes payable to unrelated third parties ..	0	23	0
24	Unsecured notes and loans payable to unrelated third parties ..	0	24	0
25	Other liabilities (including federal income tax, payables to related third parties, and other liabilities not included on lines 17 - 24). Complete Part X of Schedule D	1,589,826	25	600,167
26	Total liabilities. Add lines 17 through 25..	2,545,065	26	1,375,473

	Organizations that follow FASB ASC 958, check here and complete lines 27, 28, 32, and 33.
27	Net assets without donor restrictions ..........	2,483,840	27	4,653,099
28	Net assets with donor restrictions ...........	1,445,584	28	489,021
	Organizations that do not follow FASB ASC 958, check here and complete lines 29 through 33.
29	Capital stock or trust principal, or current funds .....		29
30	Paid-in or capital surplus, or land, building or equipment fund ...		30
31	Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated income, or other funds		31
32	Total net assets or fund balances ...........	3,929,424	32	5,142,120
33	Total liabilities and net assets/fund balances ........	6,474,489	33	6,517,593

Form 990 (2021)

Page 12

Part XI

Reconcilliation of Net Assets

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part XI..............

Total revenue (must equal Part VIII, column (A), line 12) ............

19,958,140

Total expenses (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25) ............

18,745,301

Revenue less expenses. Subtract line 2 from line 1 ..............

1,212,839

Net assets or fund balances at beginning of year (must equal Part X, line 32, column (A)) ..

3,929,424

Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments ...............

-143

Donated services and use of facilities .................

Investment expenses .....................

Prior period adjustments .....................

Other changes in net assets or fund balances (explain in Schedule O) ........

Net assets or fund balances at end of year. Combine lines 3 through 9 (must equal Part X, line 32, column (B))

5,142,120

Part XII

Financial Statements and Reporting

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part XII.............

Yes

Accounting method used to prepare the Form 990: Cash Accrual Other
If the organization changed its method of accounting from a prior year or checked "Other," explain on
Schedule O.

Were the organization’s financial statements compiled or reviewed by an independent accountant?

If ‘Yes,’ check a box below to indicate whether the financial statements for the year were compiled or reviewed on a separate basis, consolidated basis, or both:

Separate basis Consolidated basis Both consolidated and separate basis

Were the organization’s financial statements audited by an independent accountant?

Yes

If ‘Yes,’ check a box below to indicate whether the financial statements for the year were audited on a separate basis, consolidated basis, or both:

Separate basis Consolidated basis Both consolidated and separate basis

If "Yes," to line 2a or 2b, does the organization have a committee that assumes responsibility for oversight of the audit, review, or compilation of its financial statements and selection of an independent accountant?

Yes

If the organization changed either its oversight process or selection process during the tax year, explain in Schedule O.

As a result of a federal award, was the organization required to undergo an audit or audits as set forth in the Single Audit Act and OMB Circular A-133?

If "Yes," did the organization undergo the required audit or audits? If the organization did not undergo the required audit or audits, explain why in Schedule O and describe any steps taken to undergo such audits.

Form 990 (2021)

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

Form 990, Special Condition Description:

Special Condition Description

- TIN:

Schedule B
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Schedule of Contributors

Attach to Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2022

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND

Employer identification number

90-0080500

Organization type (check one):

Filers of:

Section:

Form 990 or 990-EZ

501(c)( ) (enter number) organization

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust not treated as a private foundation

527 political organization

Form 990-PF

501(c)(3) exempt private foundation

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust treated as a private foundation

501(c)(3) taxable private foundation

Check if your organization is covered by the General Rule or a Special Rule.
Note: Only a section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) organization can check boxes for both the General Rule and a Special Rule. See instructions.

General Rule

For an organization filing Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF that received, during the year, contributions totaling $5,000 or more (in money or other property) from any one contributor. Complete Parts I and II. See instructions for determining a contributor's total contributions.

Special Rules

For an organization described in section 501(c)(3) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that met the 33¹/3% support test of the regulations
under sections 509(a)(1) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi), that checked Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ), Part II, line 13, 16a, or 16b, and that received from any one contributor, during the year, total contributions of the greater of (1) $5,000 or (2) 2% of the amount on (i) Form 990, Part VIII, line 1h, or (ii) Form 990-EZ, line 1. Complete Parts I and II.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, total contributions of more than $1,000 exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals. Complete Parts I, II, and III.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, contributions exclusively for religious, charitable, etc., purposes, but no such contributions totaled more than $1,000. If this box is checked, enter here the total contributions that were received during the year for an exclusively religious, charitable, etc., purpose. Don't complete any of the parts unless the General Rule applies to this organization because it received nonexclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions totaling $5,000 or more during the year ......... Arrow Bullet

Caution: An organization that isn't covered by the General Rule and/or the Special Rules doesn't file Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF), but it must answer “No” on Part IV, line 2, of its Form 990; or check the box on line H of its Form 990-EZ
or on its Form 990PF, Part I, line 2, to certify that it doesn't meet the filing requirements of Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF).

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions
for Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Cat. No. 30613XSchedule B (Form 990) (2022)

Schedule B (Form 990) (2022) Page 2

Name of organization ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND

Part I Contributors	Contributors (see instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part I if additional space is needed.
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
RESTRICTED	,	$ RESTRICTED	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
Schedule B (Form 990) (2022)

Schedule B (Form 990) (2022)

Page 3

Name of organization ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND		Employer identification number 90-0080500

Part II	Noncash Property (see instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part II if additional space is needed.
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
Schedule B (Form 990) (2022)

Schedule B (Form 990) (2022)

Page 4


Name of organization ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND			Employer identification number 90-0080500
Part III Exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions to organizations described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) that total more than $1,000 for the year from any one contributor. Complete columns (a) through (e) and the following line entry. For organizations completing Part III, enter the total of exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions of $1,000 or less for the year. (Enter this information once. See instructions.) $ Use duplicate copies of Part III if additional space is needed.

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

Schedule B (Form 990) (2022)

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE C
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Political Campaign and Lobbying Activities

For Organizations Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501(c) and section 527

SchCMd Bullet

Complete if the organization is described below. SchCMd Bullet

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
SchCMd Bullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2021

Open to Public
Inspection

If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 3, or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 46 (Political Campaign Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and B. Do not complete Part I-C.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c) (other than section 501(c)(3)) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and C below. Do not complete Part I-B.
Round Bullet

Section 527 organizations: Complete Part I-A only.
If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 4, or Form 990-EZ, Part VI, line 47 (Lobbying Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-A. Do not complete Part II-B.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-B. Do not complete Part II-A.
If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 5 (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions) or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 35c (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) organizations: Complete Part III.

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND

Employer identification number

90-0080500

Part I-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c) or is a section 527 organization.

Provide a description of the organization’s direct and indirect political campaign activities in Part IV. See instructions for definition of “political campaign activities."

Political campaign activity expenditures. See instructions .................................................................... SchCMd Bullet

$ 5,189,584

Volunteer hours for political campaign activities. See instructions ..................................................................

6,277

Part I-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by the organization under section 4955 ................................ SchCMd Bullet

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by organization managers under section 4955 ....................... SchCMd Bullet

If the organization incurred a section 4955 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? .........................................

Yes No

Was a correction made? ......................................................................................................................

Yes No

If "Yes," describe in Part IV.

Part I-C

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c), except section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount directly expended by the filing organization for section 527 exempt function activities ..... SchCMd Bullet

$ 634,309

Enter the amount of the filing organization's funds contributed to other organizations for section 527 exempt function activities ............................................................................................................................ SchCMd Bullet

$ 4,555,275

Total exempt function expenditures. Add lines 1 and 2. Enter here and on Form 1120-POL, line 17b........... SchCMd Bullet

$ 5,189,584

Did the filing organization file Form 1120-POL for this year? ...................................................................

Yes No

Enter the names, addresses and employer identification number (EIN) of all section 527 political organizations to which the filing
organization made payments. For each organization listed, enter the amount paid from the filing organization’s funds. Also enter the amount of political contributions received that were promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization, such as a separate segregated fund or a political action committee (PAC). If additional space is needed, provide information in Part IV.

(a) Name	(b) Address	(c) EIN	(d) Amount paid from filing organization's funds. If none, enter -0-.	(e) Amount of political contributions received and promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization. If none, enter -0-.
(1) EDF ACTION VOTES INC	1875 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW WASHINGTON,DC20009	84-1880479	4,065,000	0
(2) KEEP THE LIGHTS ON	PO BOX 750823 NEW ORLEANS,LA70175	88-3782491	450,000	0
(3) ALL TOGETHER COLORADO	191 UNIVERSITY BOULEVARD SUITE 118 DENVER,CO80250	85-3959470	15,000	0
(4) EMILY'S LIST	1800 M STREET NW SUITE 375N WASHINGTON,DC20036	52-1391360	10,000
(5) AMERICA VOTES	1155 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW SUITE 6 WASHINGTON,DC20036	26-4568349	15,275	0
6

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50084S

Schedule C (Form 990) 2021

Page 2

Part II-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

A Check SchCMd Bullet

if the filing organization belongs to an affiliated group (and list in Part IV each affiliated group member's name, address, EIN, expenses, and share of excess lobbying expenditures).
B Check SchCMd Bullet

if the filing organization checked box A and "limited control" provisions apply.

Limits on Lobbying Expenditures (The term "expenditures" means amounts paid or incurred.)		(b) Affiliated group totals
1a	Total lobbying expenditures to influence public opinion (grass roots lobbying) ......................
b	Total lobbying expenditures to influence a legislative body (direct lobbying) ........................
c	Total lobbying expenditures (add lines 1a and 1b) ............................................................
d	Other exempt purpose expenditures ...............................................................................
e	Total exempt purpose expenditures (add lines 1c and 1d) ..................................................
f	Lobbying nontaxable amount. Enter the amount from the following table in both columns.
	If the amount on line 1e, column (a) or (b) is:The lobbying nontaxable amount is:
	Not over $500,00020% of the amount on line 1e.
	Over $500,000 but not over $1,000,000$100,000 plus 15% of the excess over $500,000.
	Over $1,000,000 but not over $1,500,000$175,000 plus 10% of the excess over $1,000,000.
	Over $1,500,000 but not over $17,000,000$225,000 plus 5% of the excess over $1,500,000.
	Over $17,000,000$1,000,000.

g	Grassroots nontaxable amount (enter 25% of line 1f) .................................................
h	Subtract line 1g from line 1a. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................................................
i	Subtract line 1f from line 1c. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................................................
j	If there is an amount other than zero on either line 1h or line 1i, did the organization file Form 4720 reporting section 4911 tax for this year? ...................................................................................................................	Yes No

4-Year Averaging Period Under Section 501(h) (Some organizations that made a section 501(h) election do not have to complete all of the five columns below. See the separate instructions for lines 2a through 2f.)
Lobbying Expenditures During 4-Year Averaging Period
	Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)	(a) 2018	(b) 2019	(c) 2020	(d) 2021	(e) Total

2a	Lobbying nontaxable amount

b	Lobbying ceiling amount (150% of line 2a, column(e))

c	Total lobbying expenditures

d	Grassroots nontaxable amount

e	Grassroots ceiling amount (150% of line 2d, column (e))

f	Grassroots lobbying expenditures

Schedule C (Form 990) 2021

Page 3

Part II-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and has NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

For each "Yes" response on lines 1a through 1i below, provide in Part IV a detailed description of the lobbying activity.

(a)

Yes|No

(b)

Amount

During the year, did the filing organization attempt to influence foreign, national, state or local legislation, including any attempt to influence public opinion on a legislative matter or referendum, through the use of:

Volunteers? ...........................................................................................................

Paid staff or management (include compensation in expenses reported on lines 1c through 1i)? ........

Media advertisements? ...................................................................................................

Mailings to members, legislators, or the public? .............................................................................

Publications, or published or broadcast statements? ...........................................................

Grants to other organizations for lobbying purposes? ..........................................................

Direct contact with legislators, their staffs, government officials, or a legislative body? .......................

Rallies, demonstrations, seminars, conventions, speeches, lectures, or any similar means? ..................

Other activities? ...................................................................................................................

Total. Add lines 1c through 1i ....................................................................................................

Did the activities in line 1 cause the organization to be not described in section 501(c)(3)? .....

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred under section 4912 ...........................................

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred by organization managers under section 4912 ...................

If the filing organization incurred a section 4912 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? ........................

Part III-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6).

Yes

Were substantially all (90% or more) dues received nondeductible by members? ...............................................

Yes

Did the organization make only in-house lobbying expenditures of $2,000 or less? ............................................

Did the organization agree to carry over lobbying and political expenditures from the prior year? .................................

Part III-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6) and if either (a) BOTH Part III-A, lines 1 and 2, are answered "No" OR (b) Part III-A, line 3, is answered “Yes."

Dues, assessments and similar amounts from members ......................................................................

Section 162(e) nondeductible lobbying and political expenditures (do not include amounts of political expenses for which the section 527(f) tax was paid).

Current year .............................................................................................................................

Carryover from last year ............................................................................................................

Total ...........................................................................................................................................

Aggregate amount reported in section 6033(e)(1)(A) notices of nondeductible section 162(e) dues .

If notices were sent and the amount on line 2c exceeds the amount on line 3, what portion of the excess does the organization agree to carryover to the reasonable estimate of nondeductible lobbying and political expenditure next year? ......................................................................................................................

Taxable amount of lobbying and political expenditures. See Instructions .........................................

Part IV

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part l-A, line 1; Part l-B, line 4; Part l-C, line 5; Part II-A (affiliated group list); Part II-A, lines 1 and 2 (see instructions), and Part ll-B, line 1. Also, complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
PART I-A:	The amount reported on Schedule C, Part 1-A, Line 2 reflects political expenditures Environmental Defense Action Fund (EDF Action) spent directly or contributed to partners in the interest of supporting pro-environment candidates in the 2023 elections. The work supported allies critical to implementation of the Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. In addition, EDF Action worked to advance policies at the federal, state and local level including to address methane emissions; advance vehicle electrification, support climate-smart agriculture and support clean air and safer chemicals. In addition EDF Action continues to build the political power necessary to help protect our environment and the health of American families. OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF POLITICAL EXPENDITURES, $420,384 WAS SPENT ON STAFF SALARIES (INCLUDING BENEFITS AND OVERHEAD), AND THE REMAINING $4,769,200 WAS SPENT ON DISCRETIONARY EXPENSES INCLUDING CONSULTANTS, ADVERTISING AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO LIKE-MINDED PARTNERS WORKING TO ADVANCE ENVIRONMENTALLY-MINDED POLITICAL PRIORITIES. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF POLITICAL EXPENDITURES REPRESENTS APPROXIMATELY 27.68% OF EDF ACTION'S OVERALL EXPENDITURES FOR THE YEAR. POLITICAL EXPENDITURES: $5,189,584. VOLUNTEER HOURS: 6,277.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART I-A:

The amount reported on Schedule C, Part 1-A, Line 2 reflects political expenditures Environmental Defense Action Fund (EDF Action) spent directly or contributed to partners in the interest of supporting pro-environment candidates in the 2023 elections. The work supported allies critical to implementation of the Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. In addition, EDF Action worked to advance policies at the federal, state and local level including to address methane emissions; advance vehicle electrification, support climate-smart agriculture and support clean air and safer chemicals. In addition EDF Action continues to build the political power necessary to help protect our environment and the health of American families. OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF POLITICAL EXPENDITURES, $420,384 WAS SPENT ON STAFF SALARIES (INCLUDING BENEFITS AND OVERHEAD), AND THE REMAINING $4,769,200 WAS SPENT ON DISCRETIONARY EXPENSES INCLUDING CONSULTANTS, ADVERTISING AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO LIKE-MINDED PARTNERS WORKING TO ADVANCE ENVIRONMENTALLY-MINDED POLITICAL PRIORITIES. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF POLITICAL EXPENDITURES REPRESENTS APPROXIMATELY 27.68% OF EDF ACTION'S OVERALL EXPENDITURES FOR THE YEAR. POLITICAL EXPENDITURES: $5,189,584. VOLUNTEER HOURS: 6,277.

Schedule C (Form 990) 2021

Additional Data

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SCHEDULE D
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Financial Statements

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," on Form 990,
Part IV, line 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 12a, or 12b.
SchDMd Bullet

Attach to Form 990.
SchDMd Bullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2021

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND

Employer identification number

90-0080500

Part I

Organizations Maintaining Donor Advised Funds or Other Similar Funds or Accounts. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 6.

		(a) Donor advised funds	(b) Funds and other accounts
1	Total number at end of year .........
2	Aggregate value of contributions to (during year)
3	Aggregate value of grants from (during year)
4	Aggregate value at end of year ........

Did the organization inform all donors and donor advisors in writing that the assets held in donor advised funds are the organization’s property, subject to the organization’s exclusive legal control? ............

Yes No

Did the organization inform all grantees, donors, and donor advisors in writing that grant funds can be used only for charitable purposes and not for the benefit of the donor or donor advisor, or for any other purpose conferring impermissible private benefit? ...................................

Yes No

Part II

Conservation Easements.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 7.

Purpose(s) of conservation easements held by the organization (check all that apply).

Preservation of land for public use (e.g., recreation or education) Preservation of an historically important land area

Protection of natural habitat Preservation of a certified historic structure

Preservation of open space

Complete lines 2a through 2d if the organization held a qualified conservation contribution in the form of a conservation easement on the last day of the tax year.


a	Total number of conservation easements ......................	2a
b	Total acreage restricted by conservation easements ....................	2b
c	Number of conservation easements on a certified historic structure included in (a) .....	2c
d	Number of conservation easements included in (c) acquired after 7/25/06, and not on a historic structure listed in the National Register ...	2d

Number of conservation easements modified, transferred, released, extinguished, or terminated by the organization during the
tax year SchDMd Bullet

Number of states where property subject to conservation easement is located SchDMd Bullet

Does the organization have a written policy regarding the periodic monitoring, inspection, handling of violations, and enforcement of the conservation easements it holds? ............

Yes No

Staff and volunteer hours devoted to monitoring, inspecting, handling of violations, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
SchDMd Bullet

Amount of expenses incurred in monitoring, inspecting, handling of violations, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
SchDMd Bullet

Does each conservation easement reported on line 2(d) above satisfy the requirements of section 170(h)(4)(B)(i) and section 170(h)(4)(B)(ii)? .............................

Yes No

In Part XIII, describe how the organization reports conservation easements in its revenue and expense statement, and
balance sheet, and include, if applicable, the text of the footnote to the organization’s financial statements that describes
the organization’s accounting for conservation easements.

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 8.

If the organization elected, as permitted under FASB ASC 958, not to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide, in Part XIII, the text of the footnote to its financial statements that describes these items.

If the organization elected, as permitted under FASB ASC 958, to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide the following amounts relating to these items:

(i)

Revenue included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 ......................... SchDMd Bullet

(ii)

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... SchDMd Bullet

If the organization received or held works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets for financial gain, provide the
following amounts required to be reported under FASB ASC 958 relating to these items:

Revenue included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 .......................... SchDMd Bullet

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... SchDMd Bullet

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 52283D

Schedule D (Form 990) 2021

Page 2

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets (continued)

Using the organization’s acquisition, accession, and other records, check any of the following that are a significant use of its collection items (check all that apply):

Public exhibition

Loan or exchange programs

Scholarly research

Other

Preservation for future generations

Provide a description of the organization’s collections and explain how they further the organization’s exempt purpose in
Part XIII.

During the year, did the organization solicit or receive donations of art, historical treasures or other similar
assets to be sold to raise funds rather than to be maintained as part of the organization’s collection?...

Yes No

Part IV

Escrow and Custodial Arrangements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 9, or reported an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21.

Is the organization an agent, trustee, custodian or other intermediary for contributions or other assets not
included on Form 990, Part X? ....................................

Yes No


b	If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII and complete the following table:		Amount
c	Beginning balance .............................	1c
d	Additions during the year ............................	1d
e	Distributions during the year ..........................	1e
f	Ending balance ................................	1f

Did the organization include an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21, for escrow or custodial account liability? ...

Yes No

If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII. Check here if the explanation has been provided in Part XIII ....

Part V

Endowment Funds.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 10.

		(a) Current year	(b) Prior year	(c) Two years back	(d) Three years back	(e) Four years back

1a	Beginning of year balance ....
b	Contributions ...
c	Net investment earnings, gains, and losses
d	Grants or scholarships ...
e	Other expenditures for facilities and programs ...
f	Administrative expenses ....
g	End of year balance ......

Provide the estimated percentage of the current year end balance (line 1g, column (a)) held as:

Board designated or quasi-endowment SchDMd Bullet

Permanent endowment SchDMd Bullet

Term endowment SchDMd Bullet

The percentages on lines 2a, 2b, and 2c should equal 100%.

Are there endowment funds not in the possession of the organization that are held and administered for the
organization by:

Yes

(i) Unrelated organizations .................

3a(i)

(ii) Related organizations .................

3a(ii)

If "Yes" on 3a(ii), are the related organizations listed as required on Schedule R? .........

Describe in Part XIII the intended uses of the organization's endowment funds.

Part VI

Land, Buildings, and Equipment.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 11a. See Form 990, Part X, line 10.

Description of property		(a) Cost or other basis (investment)	(b) Cost or other basis (other)	(c) Accumulated depreciation	(d) Book value

1a	Land .....
b	Buildings ....
c	Leasehold improvements
d	Equipment ....
e	Other .....
Total. Add lines 1a through 1e. (Column (d) must equal Form 990, Part X, column (B), line 10(c).)..

Schedule D (Form 990) 2021

Page 3

Part VII

Investments - Other Securities.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 11b. See Form 990, Part X, line 12.

(a) Description of security or category (including name of security)	(b) Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value
(1) Financial derivatives.........
(2) Closely-held equity interests........
(3)Other
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col. (B) line 12.)

Part VIII

Investments - Program Related. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11c. See Form 990, Part X, line 13.

(a) Description of investment	(b) Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 13.)

Part IX

Other Assets.
Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11d. See Form 990, Part X, line 15.

(a) Description				(b) Book value

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 15.)...........

Part X

Other Liabilities.
Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11e or 11f. See Form 990, Part X, line 25.

1.(a) Description of liability	(b) Book value
(1) Federal income taxes	0
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 25.)	600,167
2. Liability for uncertain tax positions. In Part XIII, provide the text of the footnote to the organization's financial statements that reports the organization's liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC 740). Check here if the text of the footnote has been provided in Part XIII

Schedule D (Form 990) 2021

Page 4

Part XI Reconciliation of Revenue per Audited Financial Statements With Revenue per Return. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total revenue, gains, and other support per audited financial statements .......			1	19,957,822
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12:
a	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments ....	2a	-143
b	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2b
c	Recoveries of prior year grants ...........	2c
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	2d
e	Add lines 2a through 2d .....................			2e	-143
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1..................			3	19,957,965
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b .	4a	175
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ...........	4b
c	Add lines 4a and 4b....................			4c	175
5	Total revenue. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 12.) ......			5	19,958,140

Part XII Reconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Statements With Expenses per Return. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total expenses and losses per audited financial statements ...........			1	18,745,126
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part IX, line 25:
a	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2a
b	Prior year adjustments ............	2b
c	Other losses ................	2c
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	2d
e	Add lines 2a through 2d....................			2e
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1...................			3	18,745,126
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part IX, line 25, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b ..	4a	175
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ............	4b
c	Add lines 4a and 4b.....................			4c	175
5	Total expenses. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 18.) ......			5	18,745,301

Part XIII

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part II, lines 3, 5, and 9; Part III, lines 1a and 4; Part lV, lines 1b and 2b; Part V, line 4; Part X, line 2; Part XI, lines 2d and 4b; and Part XII, lines 2d and 4b. Also complete this part to provide any additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART X, LINE 2:

IN ACCORDANCE WITH GAAP, THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND MUST RECOGNIZE A TAX LIABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH TAX POSITIONS TAKEN FOR TAX RETURN PURPOSES WHEN IT IS MORE LIKELY THAN NOT THAT THE POSITION WILL NOT BE SUSTAINED UPON EXAMINATION BY A TAXING AUTHORITY. THE ORGANIZATION DOES NOT BELIEVE IT HAS TAKEN ANY MATERIAL UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS AND, ACCORDINGLY, IT HAS NOT RECORDED ANY LIABILITY FOR UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS.

Schedule D (Form 990) 2021

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Schedule I
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations,
Governments and Individuals in the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," on Form 990, Part IV, line 21 or 22.
lBullet

Attach to Form 990.
lBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2022

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization
ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND

Employer identification number
90-0080500

Part I

General Information on Grants and Assistance

Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of the grants or assistance, the grantees' eligibility for the grants or assistance, and
the selection criteria used to award the grants or assistance? ........................

Yes No

Describe in Part IV the organization's procedures for monitoring the use of grant funds in the United States.

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Organizations and Domestic Governments. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 21, for any recipient

that received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Name and address of organization or government	(b) EIN	(c) IRC section (if applicable)	(d) Amount of cash grant	(h) Purpose of grant or assistance
(1) AMERICA VOTES 1155 CONNECTICUT AVE WASHINGTON,DC20036	26-4568349	501(c)(4)	15,275	PUBLIC AND
(2) CLEAN AIR ACTION FUND 135 S 19TH STREET PHILADELPHIA,PA19103	84-4967138	501(c)(4)	30,000	METHANE ADVOCACY
(3) CLEAN ENERGY BUSINESS NETWORK LLC 805 15TH STREET NW WASHINGTON,DC20005	82-1291947	501(c)(6)	36,000	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(4) CLIMATE CHANGEMAKERS 5540 CENTERVIEW DR RALEIGH,NC27606	87-0863486	501(c)(4)	35,542	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(5) EDF ACTION VOTES INC 1875 CONNECTICT AVE NW WASHINGTON,DC20009	84-1880479	501(c)(4)	4,065,000	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(6) EEN ACTION INC 1800 M ST NW STE 375N WASHINGTON,DC20036	52-1391360	501(c)(4)	10,000	METHANE ADVOCACY
(7) ELECT KATIE HOBBS INAUGURAL ACCOUNT 530 E MCDOWELL RD PHOENIX,AZ85012	82-0756676	527	17,500	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(8) EMILY'S LIST 1800 M STREET NW WASHINGTON,DC20036	52-1391360	501(c)(4)	10,000	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(9) ENVIRONMENT AMERICA INC DBA ENVIRON TEXAS 1543 WAZEE STREET DENVER,CO80202	20-5355252	501(c)(4)	10,000	METHANE ADVOCACY
(10) GROUND GAME TEXAS 611 PENNSYLVANIA AVE WASHINGTON,DC20003	83-0567866	501(c)(4)	10,000	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(11) KEEP THE LIGHTS ON 1875 CONNECTICUT AVE WASHINGTON,DC20009	88-3782491	501(c)(3)	450,000	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(12) LATINO VICTORY PROJECT PO BOX 34104 WASHINGTON,DC20036	46-4651149	501(c)(4)	10,000	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(13) LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS - DC 740 15TH STREET NW WASHINGTON,DC20036	52-1379661	501(c)(4)	17,500	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(14) MINORITIES IN AQUACULTURE 117 PARRIS LANE EASTON,MD21601	85-1764271	501(c)(3)	7,500	OCEANS
(15) NATURAL RESOURCES COUNCIL OF MAINE ACT FD 3 WADE STREET AUGUSTA,ME04330	82-1044033	501(c)(4)	16,000	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(16) PARTNERSHIP PROJECT INC (THE) PO BOX 65826 WASHINGTON,DC20035	52-2192070	501(c)(3)	200,000	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(17) PENNENVIRONMENT INC 1429 WALNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA,PA19102	02-0611111	501(c)(4)	10,000	US METHANE ADVOCACY
(18) PENNSYLVANIA ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL INC 2124 PENN AVENUE PITTSBURGH,PA15222	23-7286159	501(c)(3)	20,000	US METHANE ADVOCACY
(19) RIO GRANDE INTERNATIONAL STUDY CENTER 1 WEST END WASHINGTON LAREDO,TX78040	74-2742037	501(c)(3)	9,000	US METHANE ADVOCACY
(20) SARA ASHLEY STEVENS DBA ALL TOGETHER COLORADO PO BOX 102673 DENVER,CO80250	85-3959470	501(c)(4)	15,000	POLITICAL AFFAIRS
(21) SEAFOOD HARVESTERS OF AMERICA 1717 K ST NW STE 900 WASHINGTON,DC20006	46-5541606	501(c)(4)	15,000	AQUACULTURE
(22) TAXPAYERS FOR COMMON SENSE ACTION 651 PENNSYLVANIA AVE WASHINGTON,DC20003	52-2071292	501(c)(4)	20,000	US METHANE ADVOCACY
(23) NM NATIVE VOTES 7900 MENAUL BLVD NE ALBUQUERQUE,NM87110	83-1860603	501(c)(4)	10,000	US METHANE ADVOCACY
(24) WEST VIRGINIA RIVERS COALITION INC 3501 MACCORKLE AVE SE CHARLESTON,WV25304	52-1736621	501(c)(3)	10,000	US METHANE ADVOCACY
(25) WESTERN CONSERVATION ACTION 1536 WYNKOOP STREET DENVER,CO80202	20-8091495	501(c)(4)	90,000	DECARB. US POWER,
(26) WESTERN LEADERS NETWORK PO BOX 4433 DURANGO,CO81302	82-0625994	501(c)(3)	10,000	US METHANE ADVOCACY
(27) WYOMING OUTDOOR COUNCIL 262 LINCOLN STREET LANDER,WY82520	83-0259411	501(c)(3)	10,000	US METHANE ADVOCACY

Enter total number of section 501(c)(3) and government organizations listed in the line 1 table ................. Bullet Image

Enter total number of other organizations listed in the line 1 table ........................ . Bullet Image

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50055P

Schedule I (Form 990) 2022

Page 2

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Individuals. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 22.
Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Type of grant or assistance	(b) Number of recipients	(c) Amount of cash grant	(d) Amount of noncash assistance	(e) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)	(f) Description of noncash assistance

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the information required in Part I, line 2; Part III, column (b); and any other additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART I, LINE 2:

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND ("EDF ACTION") HAS A NUMBER OF GRANTS AND OTHER ASSISTANCE IT PROVIDES TO ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE MAJORITY OF THESE GRANTS ARE TO OTHER LIKE-MINDED ENTITIES THAT PERFORM WORK ALONGSIDE OF EDF ACTION IN THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF ITS MISSION. EDF ACTION MONITORS THE PERFORMANCE OF THE GRANT RECIPIENTS BY WRITTEN REPORTS, SITE VISITS, VERBAL COMMUNICATION AND REVIEW. PARTIAL PAYMENTS ARE TYPICALLY MADE ON A GRANT UNTIL A PATTERN OF PROVEN ACHIEVEMENTS ON OBJECTIVES IS DEMONSTRATED. IN THE END, THE GRANTEE TYPICALLY PREPARES A REPORT TO EDF ACTION ON THE USE OF GRANT FUNDS, BOTH BY ITSELF AND BY ANY SUB-GRANT RECIPIENTS.

Schedule I (Form 990) 2022

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

Schedule J
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Compensation Information

For certain Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest
Compensated Employees
SchJMediumBullet

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 23.
SchJMediumBullet

Attach to Form 990.
SchJMediumBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2022

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND

Employer identification number

90-0080500

Part I

Questions Regarding Compensation

Yes

Check the appropiate box(es) if the organization provided any of the following to or for a person listed on Form
990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a. Complete Part III to provide any relevant information regarding these items.

First-class or charter travel Housing allowance or residence for personal use

Travel for companions Payments for business use of personal residence

Tax idemnification and gross-up payments Health or social club dues or initiation fees

Discretionary spending account Personal services (e.g., maid, chauffeur, chef)

If any of the boxes on Line 1a are checked, did the organization follow a written policy regarding payment or reimbursement or provision of all of the expenses described above? If "No," complete Part III to explain .....

Did the organization require substantiation prior to reimbursing or allowing expenses incurred by all
directors, trustees, officers, including the CEO/Executive Director, regarding the items checked on Line 1a? ....

Indicate which, if any, of the following the filing organization used to establish the compensation of the
organization's CEO/Executive Director. Check all that apply. Do not check any boxes for methods
used by a related organization to establish compensation of the CEO/Executive Director, but explain in Part III.

Compensation committee Written employment contract

Independent compensation consultant Compensation survey or study

Form 990 of other organizations Approval by the board or compensation committee

During the year, did any person listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, with respect to the filing organization or a related organization:

Receive a severance payment or change-of-control payment? .............

Participate in, or receive payment from, a supplemental nonqualified retirement plan? .........

Yes

Participate in, or receive payment from, an equity-based compensation arrangement? .........

If "Yes" to any of lines 4a-c, list the persons and provide the applicable amounts for each item in Part III.

Only 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), and 501(c)(29) organizations must complete lines 5-9.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the revenues of:

The organization? ....................

Any related organization? .......................

If "Yes," on line 5a or 5b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the net earnings of:

The organization? ..................

Any related organization? ......................

If "Yes," on line 6a or 6b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization provide any nonfixed
payments not described in lines 5 and 6? If "Yes," describe in Part III ............

Were any amounts reported on Form 990, Part VII, paid or accured pursuant to a contract that was
subject to the initial contract exception described in Regulations section 53.4958-4(a)(3)? If "Yes," describe
in Part III ..........................

If "Yes" on line 8, did the organization also follow the rebuttable presumption procedure described in Regulations section 53.4958-6(c)? .........................

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50053T

Schedule J (Form 990) 2022

Page 2

Part II

Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees. Use duplicate copies if additional space is needed.

For each individual whose compensation must be reported on Schedule J, report compensation from the organization on row (i) and from related organizations, described in the
instructions, on row (ii). Do not list any individuals that are not listed on Form 990, Part VII.
Note. The sum of columns (B)(i)-(iii) for each listed individual must equal the total amount of Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, applicable column (D) and (E) amounts for that individual.

(A) Name and Title		(B) Breakdown of W-2, 1099-MISC compensation, and/or 1099-NEC			(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)	(F) Compensation in column (B) reported as deferred on prior Form 990
(A) Name and Title		(i) Base compensation	(ii) Bonus & incentive compensation	(iii) Other reportable compensation	(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)
1DAVID KIEVE PRESIDENT	(i) (ii)	0 ------------- 214,846	0 ------------- 5,000	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 7,539	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 227,385	0 ------------- 0
2FREDERIC D KRUPP EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR	(i) (ii)	0 ------------- 878,502	0 ------------- 102,030	0 ------------- 154,092	0 ------------- 44,900	0 ------------- 13,270	0 ------------- 1,192,794	0 ------------- 0
3N LOUIS MKANGANWI CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	(i) (ii)	0 ------------- 230,789	0 ------------- 70,000	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 13,234	0 ------------- 14,153	0 ------------- 328,176	0 ------------- 0

Schedule J (Form 990) 2022

Page 3

Part III

Supplemental Information

Provide the information, explanation, or descriptions required for Part I, lines 1a, 1b, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7, and 8, and for Part II. Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
PART I, LINE 4B:	FREDERIC D. KRUPP, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, RECEIVED A PAYMENT FROM A SECTION 457(F) PLAN IN THE AMOUNT OF $154,092, WHICH IS REPORTED ON SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN (B)(III).

Schedule J (Form 990) 2022

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE O
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ

Complete to provide information for responses to specific questions on
Form 990 or 990-EZ or to provide any additional information.
MediumBullet

Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
MediumBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2021

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND

Employer identification number

90-0080500

Return Reference	Explanation
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4D:	1) REGIONALLY FOCUSED WORK - THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND (EDF ACTION) IS THE ADVOCACY PARTNER OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND (EDF). THE TWO ORGANIZATIONS TAKE ON DIFFERENT ROLES IN ACHIEVING COMMON OBJECTIVES. EDF SUPPORTED RESEARCH, SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS, AND POLICY POSITIONING, AND EDF ACTION'S PRIMARY PURPOSE IS TO ENGAGE LOBBYING AND LEGISLATIVE WORK. IN 2023, EDF ACTION WORKED SUCCESSFULLY TO DELIVER HISTORIC PROGRESS ON CLEAN ENERGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH LEGISLATION. EDF ACTION'S WORK FOCUSED ON PASSAGE OF THE INFLATION REDUCTION ACT. AS PART OF THIS PROCESS, EDF ACTION AND ITS PARTNERS HELD OVER 500 MEETINGS WITH MEMBERS OF CONGRESS OVER 18 MONTHS TO DISCUSS THE CONTOURS OF A FINAL MEASURE; SPENT OVER $10 MILLION IN PAID ADVERTISING TO BUILD PUBLIC SUPPORT IN KEY PLACES FOR CLIMATE ACTION DURING THE DEBATE; GENERATED MORE THAN 140,000 EMAILS TO CAPITOL HILL; DEVELOPED EARNED MEDIA STRATEGIES SUPPORTING CLIMATE LEGISLATION THAT REACHED OVER 20 MILLION PEOPLE; AND FACILITATED SEVERAL CONSTITUENT FLY-INS TO VOICE SUPPORT FOR CONGRESSIONAL ACTION. IN ADDITION TO THAT MARQUEE LEGISLATION, EDF ACTION WORKED TO ADVANCE FEDERAL EFFORTS AIMED AT PROTECTING OCEAN HEALTH, CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE, CHEMICAL SAFETY AND COASTAL RESILIENCE. EDF ACTION CONTINUED TO INVEST IN STATE LEVEL ACTIVITY INCLUDING EFFORTS TO ADVANCE STATE COMMITMENTS TO REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS, IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BIPARTISAN INFRASTRUCTURE LAW. TOTAL EXPENSES: $604,118. TOTAL GRANTS: $0. TOTAL REVENUE: $0. 2) Support People's Health - EDF Action works to support policies that improve air and water quality, deliver safer products, incentivize innovation through advocacy, and block efforts that would hinder the government from adopting regulations that are protective of health and safety. TOTAL EXPENSES: $98,515. TOTAL GRANTS: $0. TOTAL REVENUE: $0.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6:	ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND HAS TWO CLASSES OF MEMBERS, THE DIRECTORS-MEMBERS AND THE DONOR-MEMBERS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A:	UNDER THE BYLAWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND ("EDF ACTION") THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND, INCORPORATED ("EDF"), A RELATED 501(C)(3) ORGANIZATION, HAS THE RIGHT TO APPOINT CANDIDATES TO BE ELECTED BY THE EDF ACTION BOARD TO REPLACE DIRECTORS WHOSE TERMS HAVE EXPIRED AND THE RIGHT TO APPOINT DIRECTORS TO FILL VACANCIES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7B:	UNDER THE BYLAWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND ("EDF ACTION") THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND, INCORPORATED. ("EDF"), A RELATED 501(C)(3) ORGANIZATION, HAS THE RIGHT TO FIX THE NUMBER OF DIRECTORS ON THE EDF ACTION BOARD FROM TIME TO TIME AND THE RIGHT TO REMOVE DIRECTORS FROM THE EDF ACTION BOARD.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B:	FORM 990 WAS PREPARED BY A NATIONAL ACCOUNTING FIRM IN CONJUNCTION WITH INFORMATION PROVIDED BY EDF'S FINANCE DEPARTMENT AND MEMBERS OF SENIOR MANAGEMENT. EDF'S FINANCE DEPARTMENT HAS REVIEWED DRAFT FORM 990 AND A REVISED DRAFT WAS PROVIDED AND REVIEWED. DRAFT FORM 990 WAS PROVIDED TO SENIOR MANAGEMENT FOR REVIEW AND COMMENT. WITH THE EXCEPTION FOR THE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF DONORS ON SCHEDULE B, EDF ACTION HAS PROVIDED A COMPLETE FORM 990 TO ITS GOVERNING BODY BEFORE FILING THE FORM.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C:	IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ALL DIRECTORS AND EMPLOYEES OF EDF ACTION TO FAMILIARIZE THEMSELVES WITH THE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST POLICY AND TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE OF RELATED PARTIES WITH IT. IN ADDITION TO THE DISCLOSURES REQUIRED BY THIS POLICY, EACH DIRECTOR AND KEY EMPLOYEE WAS PROVIDED WITH A STATEMENT TO COMPLETE AND RETURN INDICATING THAT THEY HAVE READ, UNDERSTAND AND ARE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THIS POLICY. DIRECTORS WHO KNOWINGLY OR UNKNOWINGLY VIOLATE THE POLICY ARE SUBJECT TO CENSURE OR REMOVAL AT THE DISCRETION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. EMPLOYEES WHO KNOWINGLY OR UNKNOWINGLY VIOLATE THE POLICY WILL BE SUBJECT TO DISCIPLINARY ACTION, INCLUDING POSSIBLE DISMISSAL. ALL NEW BOARD MEMBERS ARE REQUIRED TO MAKE CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINES 15A AND 15B:	EDF ACTION HAS NO COMPENSATION PAID TO THE TOP MANAGEMENT OFFICIAL OR OTHER OFFICERS OR KEY EMPLOYEES OF THE ORGANIZATION. COMPENSATION IS PAID BY ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND, INC., A RELATED SECTION 501(C)(3) ORGANIZATION.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19:	EDF ACTION'S AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FORM 990'S ARE AVAILABLE ON ITS WEBSITE AND UPON REQUEST. EDF ACTION MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST.
FORM 990 PART IX LINE 11G	DESCRIPTION:SHARED SERVICE CHARGES TOTAL FEES:1512265
FORM 990 PART IX LINE 11G	DESCRIPTION:THIRD PARTY/CONSULT/OTHER TOTAL FEES:5442507

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 51056K

Schedule O (Form 990) 2021

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version:

- TIN:

SCHEDULE R
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Related Organizations and Unrelated Partnerships

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 33, 34, 35b, 36, or 37.
MediumBullet

Attach to Form 990.
MediumBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2021

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND

Employer identification number

90-0080500

Part I

Identification of Disregarded Entities. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 33.

(a) Name, address, and EIN (if applicable) of disregarded entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Total income	(e) End-of-year assets	(f) Direct controlling entity

Part II

Identification of Related Tax-Exempt Organizations. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related tax-exempt organizations during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	(g) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	Yes	No
(1)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INC 257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH NEW YORK,NY10010 11-6107128	ENVIRONMENTAL	NY	501(C)(3)	7	N/A		No
(2)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND DE MEXICO AC REVOLUCION NO 345 LA PAZ CP 23000 MX	OCEAN PRESER.	MX	N/A	N/A	NA		No
(3)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND EUROPE 41 EASTCHEAP 3RD FLOOR LONDON EC3M 1DT UK	oceans/energy	UK	n/a	n/a	na		No
(4)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC 257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH 17TH FLOOR NEW YORK,NY10010 84-4194778	SEE PART VII	NY	section 527	N/A	N/A		No
(5)EDF ACTION VOTES INC PO BOX 15845 WASHINGTON,DC20003 84-1880479	SEE PART VII	DE	SECTION 527	N/A	N/A		No
(6)RESTORE OUR COAST FUND 3801 CANAL STREET SUITE 400 NEW ORLEANS,LA70179 84-3067920	SEE PART VII	LA	SECTION 527	N/A	N/A		No
(7)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND TX PAC 301 CONGRESS AVENUE SUITE 1300 AUSTIN,TX78701 88-0977360	SEE PART VII	TX	section 527	N/A	N/A		No
(8)KEEP THE LIGHTS ON 1875 CONNECTICUT AVE NW STE 600 WASHINGTON,DC20009 88-3782491	see part vii	LA	section 527	N/A	N/A		No

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50135Y

Schedule R (Form 990) 2021

Page 2

Part III

Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Partnership. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34, because it had one or more related organizations treated as a partnership during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?		(k) Percentage ownership
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No	(k) Percentage ownership

Part IV

Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Corporation or Trust. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related organizations treated as a corporation or trust during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(e) Type of entity (C corp, S corp, or trust)	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Percentage ownership	(i) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(e) Type of entity (C corp, S corp, or trust)	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Percentage ownership	Yes	No

Schedule R (Form 990) 2021

Page 3

Part V

Transactions With Related Organizations. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34, 35b, or 36.

Note. Complete line 1 if any entity is listed in Parts II, III, or IV of this schedule.

Yes

1 During the tax year, did the orgranization engage in any of the following transactions with one or more related organizations listed in Parts II-IV?

a Receipt of (i) interest, (ii) annuities, (iii) royalties, or (iv) rent from a controlled entity .....................

b Gift, grant, or capital contribution to related organization(s) ............................

Yes

c Gift, grant, or capital contribution from related organization(s) ............................

Yes

d Loans or loan guarantees to or for related organization(s) ............................

e Loans or loan guarantees by related organization(s) ............................

f Dividends from related organization(s) ............................

g Sale of assets to related organization(s) ............................

h Purchase of assets from related organization(s) ............................

i Exchange of assets with related organization(s) ............................

j Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets to related organization(s) .......................

k Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets from related organization(s) ......................

l Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations for related organization(s) .....................

m Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations by related organization(s) .................

n Sharing of facilities, equipment, mailing lists, or other assets with related organization(s) ...................

Yes

o Sharing of paid employees with related organization(s) ............................

Yes

p Reimbursement paid to related organization(s) for expenses ............................

Yes

q Reimbursement paid by related organization(s) for expenses ............................

r Other transfer of cash or property to related organization(s) ............................

s Other transfer of cash or property from related organization(s) ............................

If the answer to any of the above is "Yes," see the instructions for information on who must complete this line, including covered relationships and transaction thresholds.

(a) Name of related organization	(b) Transaction type (a-s)	(c) Amount involved	(d) Method of determining amount involved
(1) EDF ACTION VOTES INC	B	4,065,000	FMV
(2) EDF ACTION VOTES INC	N,O	117,000	FMV
(3) ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND TEXAS PAC	N,O	11,604	FMV
(4) KEEP THE LIGHTS ON	B	450,000	FMV

Schedule R (Form 990) 2021

Page 4

Part VI

Unrelated Organizations Taxable as a Partnership. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 37.

Provide the following information for each entity taxed as a partnership through which the organization conducted more than five percent of its activities (measured by total assets or gross revenue) that was not a related organization. See instructions regarding exclusion for certain investment partnerships.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(e) Are all partners section 501(c)(3) organizations?		(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?		(k) Percentage ownership
(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	Yes	No	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No	(k) Percentage ownership

Schedule R (Form 990) 2021

Page 5

Part VII

Supplemental Information

Provide additional information for responses to questions on Schedule R. See instructions.

Return Reference

Explanation

PART II:

LINE 4: ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC: COLUMN (B), PRIMARY ACTIVITY - ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES COLUMN (C), LEGAL DOMICILE - NOT ORGANIZED UNDER ANY PARTICULAR STATE LAW LINE 5: EDF ACTION VOTES INC.: COLUMN (B), PRIMARY ACTIVITY - ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES LINE 6: RESTORE OUR COAST FUND: COLUMN (B), PRIMARY ACTIVITY - ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES LINE 7: Environmental Defense Action Fund Texas PAC: COLUMN (B), PRIMARY ACTIVITY - ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES LINE 8: Keep the Lights On: COLUMN (B), PRIMARY ACTIVITY - ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES

Schedule R (Form 990) 2021

Additional Data

Software ID:
Software Version: