Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
Go to
www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.
| (i) Name of supported organization | (ii) EIN | (iii) Type of organization (described on lines 1- 10 above (see instructions)) | (iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document? | (v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions) | (vi) Amount of other support (see instructions) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
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Total |
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Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in)
![]() |
(a) 2019 | (b) 2020 | (c) 2021 | (d) 2022 | (e) 2023 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grant.") .. | 21,625,761 | 28,156,638 | 43,281,833 | 42,216,134 | 39,707,167 | 174,987,533 |
| 2 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf .... | ||||||
| 3 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge.. | ||||||
| 4 | Total. Add lines 1 through 3 | 21,625,761 | 28,156,638 | 43,281,833 | 42,216,134 | 39,707,167 | 174,987,533 |
| 5 | The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f) .. | 554,740 | |||||
| 6 | Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4. | 174,432,793 | |||||
Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in)
![]() |
(a) 2019 | (b) 2020 | (c) 2021 | (d) 2022 | (e) 2023 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Amounts from line 4.. | 21,625,761 | 28,156,638 | 43,281,833 | 42,216,134 | 39,707,167 | 174,987,533 |
| 8 | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources... | 1,252,653 | 1,025,000 | 1,328,141 | 1,301,913 | 1,359,141 | 6,266,848 |
| 9 | Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.. | ||||||
| 10 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.).. | 3,067 | 7,858 | 18,851 | 115 | 694 | 30,585 |
| 11 | Total support. Add lines 7 through 10 | 181,284,966 | |||||
Calendar year (or fiscal
year beginning in) ![]() |
(a) 2019 | (b) 2020 | (c) 2021 | (d) 2022 | (e) 2023 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") . | ||||||
| 2 | Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose | ||||||
| 3 | Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513 ..... | ||||||
| 4 | Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf... | ||||||
| 5 | The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge | ||||||
| 6 | Total. Add lines 1 through 5 | ||||||
| 7a | Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons | ||||||
| b | Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 7a and 7b.. | ||||||
| 8 | Public support. (Subtract line 7c from line 6.) | ||||||
Calendar year
(or fiscal year beginning in)
![]() |
(a) 2019 | (b) 2020 | (c) 2021 | (d) 2022 | (e) 2023 | (f) Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | Amounts from line 6... | ||||||
| 10a | Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources.. | ||||||
| b | Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975. | ||||||
| c | Add lines 10a and 10b. | ||||||
| 11 | Net income from unrelated business activities not included on line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on. | ||||||
| 12 | Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) .. | ||||||
| 13 | Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.).. | ||||||
| Section A - Adjusted Net Income | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
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| 1 | Net short-term capital gain | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Other gross income (see instructions) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Add lines 1 through 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Depreciation and depletion | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Other expenses (see instructions) | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4) | 8 | ||||
| Section B - Minimum Asset Amount | (A) Prior Year |
(B) Current Year (optional) |
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| 1 | Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year): | 1 | ||||
| a | Average monthly value of securities | 1a | ||||
| b | Average monthly cash balances | 1b | ||||
| c | Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets | 1c | ||||
| d | Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c) | 1d | ||||
| e |
Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI): |
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| 2 | Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Subtract line 2 from line 1d | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 0.015 of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions). | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3) | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Multiply line 5 by 0.035 | 6 | ||||
| 7 | Recoveries of prior-year distributions | 7 | ||||
| 8 | Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6) | 8 | ||||
| Section C - Distributable Amount | Current Year | |||||
| 1 | Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A) | 1 | ||||
| 2 | Enter 85% of line 1 | 2 | ||||
| 3 | Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | Enter greater of line 2 or line 3 | 4 | ||||
| 5 | Income tax imposed in prior year | 5 | ||||
| 6 | Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions) | 6 | ||||
| Section D - Distributions | Current Year | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes | 1 | |
|
2
Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity |
2 | |
| 3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations | 3 | |
| 4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets | 4 | |
| 5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required - provide details in Part VI) | 5 | |
| 6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions | 6 | |
| 7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6. | 7 | |
|
8
Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions |
8 | |
| 9 Distributable amount for 2023 from Section C, line 6 | 9 | |
| 10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount | 10 | |
| Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions) |
(i) Excess Distributions |
(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2023 |
(iii) Distributable Amount for 2023 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Distributable amount for 2023 from Section C, line 6 | ||||
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2
Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2023 (reasonable cause required-- explain in Part VI).
See instructions. |
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| 3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2023: | ||||
| a From 2018....... | ||||
| b From 2019....... | ||||
| c From 2020....... | ||||
| d From 2021....... | ||||
| e From 2022....... | ||||
| fTotal of lines 3a through e | ||||
| g Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| h Applied to 2023 distributable amount | ||||
|
i
Carryover from 2018 not applied (see instructions) |
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| j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from line 3f. | ||||
| 4Distributions for 2023 from Section D, line 7: | ||||
| $ | ||||
| a Applied to underdistributions of prior years | ||||
| b Applied to 2023 distributable amount | ||||
| c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from line 4. | ||||
|
5
Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2023, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions. |
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6
Remaining underdistributions for 2023. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions. |
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7 Excess distributions carryover to 2024. Add lines 3j and 4c. |
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| 8 Breakdown of line 7: | ||||
| a Excess from 2019..... | ||||
| b Excess from 2020..... | ||||
| c Excess from 2021..... | ||||
| d Excess from 2022..... | ||||
| e Excess from 2023..... | ||||
| Facts And Circumstances Test |
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| Return Reference | Explanation |
|---|---|
| SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME: | MISCELLANEOUS - 2019 AMOUNT: $ 165. 2020 AMOUNT: $ 6,555. 2022 AMOUNT: $ 115. 2023 AMOUNT: $ 694. LIST RENTALS - 2019 AMOUNT: $ 2,201. STORE SALES - 2019 AMOUNT: $ 701. 2020 AMOUNT: $ 1,303. IRS TAX REFUND - 2021 AMOUNT: $ 18,851. |
| Software ID: | |
| Software Version: |
| Return Reference | Explanation |
|---|---|
| FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1: | THE FOUNDATION FOR AIDS RESEARCH IS AN INTERNATIONAL NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATION INCORPORATED IN NEW YORK IN 1989. AMFAR WAS FORMED THROUGH THE UNIFICATION IN 1985 OF TWO NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, THE AIDS MEDICAL FOUNDATION ("AMF"), INCORPORATED IN NEW YORK IN APRIL 1983, AND THE NATIONAL AIDS RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INCORPORATED IN CALIFORNIA IN AUGUST 1985. FIRST BASED IN CALIFORNIA, AMFAR TRANSFERRED ITS LEGAL DOMICILE TO NEW YORK IN 1989, USING THE INITIAL INCORPORATION DOCUMENTS OF AMF, MAKING IT AMF'S LEGAL SUCCESSOR. AMFAR HAS OFFICES IN NEW YORK, NY, WASHINGTON, D.C., AND BANGKOK, THAILAND. ON MARCH 7, 2005, THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR AIDS RESEARCH APPROVED A CHANGE IN LEGAL NAME TO "THE FOUNDATION FOR AIDS RESEARCH." ON OCTOBER 18, 2005, THE NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF STATE APPROVED THIS CHANGE. IN ADDITION, THE FOUNDATION HAS SECURED APPROVAL FOR DOING BUSINESS AS (DBA) THE FOLLOWING: - AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR AIDS RESEARCH - AMFAR - AIDS RESEARCH FOUNDATION AMFAR IS DEDICATED TO ENDING THE GLOBAL AIDS EPIDEMIC THROUGH INNOVATIVE RESEARCH. THE FOUNDATION ACCOMPLISHES THIS MISSION THROUGH: - RESEARCH TO EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES FOR PREVENTING, TREATING, AND CURING HIV AND OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASE THREATS AND ENHANCING THE HEALTH AND SURVIVAL OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV; - INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES TO FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE RESEARCH, TREATMENT, PREVENTION, AND EDUCATION STRATEGIES IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; - PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS AND THE ADVOCACY OF RATIONAL AND COMPASSIONATE POLICIES THAT PROMOTE PUBLIC HEALTH AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE THREATENED BY HIV/AIDS; AND - PUBLIC INFORMATION PROGRAMS TO BUILD AWARENESS OF THE CONTINUED THREAT HIV/AIDS POSES AND TO PROVIDE UP-TO-DATE MEDICAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND PREVENTION INFORMATION TO PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS, HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS, AND THE PUBLIC. |
| FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A | ARCHE GRANTS CONTROLLING HIV TWO ARCHE GRANTS FUNDED STUDIES TO UNDERSTAND AND POTENTIALLY ENHANCE CONTROL OF HIV, EITHER AS A RESULT OF A CURE INTERVENTION OR AS A NATURAL OCCURRENCE. STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT FOR SOME INDIVIDUALS WITH ART, ADMINISTERING A COCKTAIL OF BROADLY NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES (BNABS) AT THE TIME OF TEMPORARILY STOPPING ARTAS PART OF A CLINICAL CURE STUDYIMPROVES CONTROL OF HIV, THOUGH THE VIRUS EVENTUALLY REAPPEARS DESPITE ABSENCE OF DETECTABLE LEVELS OF ART OR BNABS. DR. RACHEL RUTISHAUSER AND A TEAM OF CO-INVESTIGATORS FROM THE U.S. AND DENMARK, INCLUDING DRS. STEVEN DEEKS AND MICHAEL PELUSO OF THE AMFAR INSTITUTE FOR HIV CURE RESEARCH AT UCSF, ARE INVESTIGATING POSSIBLE MECHANISMS THAT MEDIATE THIS CONTROL. DR. XU YU OF MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, RECEIVED ADDITIONAL ARCHE FUNDING TO CONTINUE HER STUDY AIMED AT UNDERSTANDING WHY SOME PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIVSUCH AS LOREEN WILLENBERG AND AN ARGENTINIAN WOMAN KNOWN AS THE ESPERANZA PATIENTARE SEEMINGLY ABLE TO CLEAR REPLICATION-COMPETENT HIV WITHOUT THE BENEFIT OF ART OR OTHER MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS. THE ADDITIONAL FUNDING SUPPORTS HIGH-RESOLUTION RESERVOIR EVALUATIONS OF 66 INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE BEEN ON ART FOR AT LEAST 15 YEARS BUT WHO MAY BE CONTROLLING HIV NATURALLY, AND, MOST IMPORTANTLY, A CLINICAL STUDY TO DETERMINE IF TIME AND IMMUNITY HAVE LED TO CURES LIKE THOSE THAT OCCURRED IN THE TWO WOMEN MENTIONED ABOVE. TARGET GRANTS REDUCING THE HIV RESERVOIR DR. JAMES TERMINI, OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI, IS STUDYING ANTI-HIV BNABS, WHICH CAN CONTROL HIV REPLICATION IN THE ABSENCE OF ANTIRETROVIRALS IN ANIMAL MODELS BUT HAVE NOT BEEN SHOWN TO ERADICATE HIV RESERVOIRS. DR. TERMINI IS INVESTIGATING IF USING SUCH ANTIBODIES WITH GREATLY ENHANCED ABILITY TO PROMOTE A FORM OF ANTI-VIRUS IMMUNITY KNOWN AS ADCC, OR ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY, MIGHT OVERCOME THIS ROADBLOCK. DR. MARY ANN CHECKLEY-LUTTGE, OF CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY, IS TESTING TWO TYPES OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS, OR INK CELLS, TO REDUCE THE HIV RESERVOIR. ONE OF THESE CELL TYPES IS GENETICALLY ENGINEERED TO INCLUDE CAR GENES. CAR T CELLS HAVE BEEN HIGHLY EFFECTIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN TYPES OF BLOOD CANCERS. COMBINING THE INK CELLS WITH BNABS, SHE AND HER TEAM WILL ASSESS THEIR POTENCY AGAINST HIV RESERVOIRS IN TEST-TUBE STUDIES. IF THE RESEARCHERS SEE MORE THAN A 50% REDUCTION IN INTACT HIV RESERVOIR VIRUS FROM CELLS TAKEN FROM SIX PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV, THE TEAM WILL CONSIDER THE NEXT STEPIN VIVO ANIMAL AND HUMAN STUDIES. DR. YIMING YIN, OF BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, AIMS TO GENETICALLY ENGINEER B CELLS, IMBUING THEM WITH THE ABILITY TO TARGET CRITICAL PORTIONS OF THE HIV ENVELOPE. DR. YIN IS TESTING A HYPOTHESIS THAT B CELLS EXPRESSING ANTIBODIES CAPABLE OF NEUTRALIZING DIFFERENT HIV VARIANTS COULD REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE HIV RESERVOIR AND PERHAPS EVEN REPLACE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. BORROWING FROM CANCER THERAPIES TWO RESEARCHERS WHO RECEIVED TARGET GRANTS ARE STUDYING THE ABILITY OF ANTI-CANCER AGENTS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE HIV RESERVOIR'S VULNERABILITIES. DR. MICHAEL PELUSO OF UCSF IS TESTING THE IMMUNITY-STIMULATING ABILITY OF A DRUG USED TO TREAT BLADDER CANCER TO SUPPRESS HIV REBOUND IN PEOPLE AFTER TREATMENT INTERRUPTION. AND DR. ADAM SPIVAK, OF THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, IS INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL OF A LEUKEMIA DRUG FOR REDUCING THE HIV RESERVOIR BY EXPLOITING ITS ABILITY TO BLOCK T CELL PROLIFERATION, A FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISM OF HIV PERSISTENCE. MATHILDE KRIM FELLOWSHIPS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH IN 2024, AMFAR AWARDED TWO MATHILDE KRIM FELLOWSHIPS IN THE AMOUNT OF $180,000 EACH TO RESEARCHERS ATTEMPTING TO CLOSE CRITICAL KNOWLEDGE GAPS IN HIV CURE RESEARCH. DR. GABRIEL DUETTE, OF THE WESTMEAD INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH IN WESTMEAD, AUSTRALIA, IS STUDYING HOW SOME PEOPLE ARE ABLE TO CONTROL HIV AFTER REPEATED STRATEGIC TREATMENT INTERRUPTIONS BY ANALYZING IF THESE STOP-AND-START CYCLES LEAD TO AN INCREASE OF CD8+ KILLER T CELLS CAPABLE OF CLEARING HIV-INFECTED CELLS FROM THE BODY AND WHETHER THEY CAN INFLUENCE THE GENETIC MAKEUP OF REBOUNDING VIRUS. DR. SIMONE RICHARDSON, OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA, IS USING HER AWARD TO STUDY A SEGMENT OF ANTIBODY MOLECULES KNOWN AS FC, WHICH REGULATE ANTI-HIV IMMUNE RESPONSES PRODUCED BY POTENT ANTIBODIES. DR. RICHARDSON'S STUDY COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BOTH THERAPEUTIC AND PROTECTIVE HIV VACCINES. NAMED IN HONOR OF AMFAR'S LATE FOUNDING CHAIRMAN, THE KRIM FELLOWSHIP HAS PROVIDED CRUCIAL FUNDING FOR OUTSTANDING YOUNG RESEARCHERS SINCE 2008. TO DATE, THE PROGRAM HAS SUPPORTED 62 SCIENTISTS WITH $9.7 MILLION IN FUNDING. THIS CRITICAL INVESTMENT HAS PRODUCED REMARKABLE DIVIDENDS: EVERY DOLLAR SPENT ON THE PROGRAM HAS GENERATED ON AVERAGE $24 IN SUBSEQUENT FUNDING FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. AMFAR CURE TRIAL THE RELATIVE SUCCESS OF A GROUNDBREAKING AMFAR-FUNDED CURE TRIAL PROMPTED NEW RESEARCHONE STUDY EXAMINING THE PERSONAL EXPERIENCES AND NEEDS OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV ENROLLED IN CURE-RELATED TRIALS INVOLVING EXTENDED TREATMENT INTERRUPTIONS AND TWO STUDIES FOCUSING ON THE IMMUNITY-RELATED MECHANISMS OF POST-TREATMENT CONTROL OF THE VIRUS. THE LATTER TWO STUDIES WERE PRESENTED AT THE 2024 CONFERENCE ON RETROVIRUSES AND OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS (CROI) ALONG WITH ANOTHER STUDY, LED BY DR. TOONG SENG TAN OF THE RAGON INSTITUTE OF MGH, MIT AND HARVARD AND BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL IN BOSTON. THE RESEARCHERS, INCLUDING SEVERAL AMFAR GRANTEES, CHARACTERIZED LITTLE-UNDERSTOOD SEX-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN THE HIV RESERVOIR AMONG LONG-TERM ART-TREATED INDIVIDUALS BY LOOKING AT SIGNIFICANT FEATURES OF LATENTLY INFECTED CELLS. THEY NOTED A POTENTIAL SEX-BASED DIFFERENCE IN HOW THE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN TREATMENT-EXPERIENCED PEOPLE DRIVE THE EVOLUTION OF THE HIV RESERVOIRTHE RESERVOIR IN WOMEN WAS SHOWN TO HAVE FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH DEEPER LATENCY, CELLS THAT ARE LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO REACTIVATION AND MORE EASILY "LOCKED." PUBLISHED RESEARCH AMFAR IS A LEADING VOICE IN THE SCIENTIFIC CONVERSATION PERTAINING TO HIV, AS EVIDENCED BY THE MANY AMFAR-FUNDED RESEARCH STUDIES PUBLISHED IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS. IN FY2024, 20 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS RESULTED FROM AMFAR-FUNDED RESEARCH. HIGHLIGHTS INCLUDE: THE "GENEVA PATIENT" STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION USING DONOR CELLS WITH A CCR5 DELTA32 MUTATION, WHICH RENDERS CELLS NEARLY IMPERVIOUS TO HIV INFECTION, HAS BEEN THE METHOD USED TO CURE HIV IN THE FIRST FIVE CASES. HOWEVER, THE "GENEVA PATIENT," WHOSE SUSTAINED HIV REMISSION WAS CONFIRMED IN 2024, RECEIVED "WILD TYPE" DONOR CELLS, WHICH DO NOT HAVE THE GENETIC MUTATION AND ARE THUS SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE VIRUS. DESCRIBING THE CASE, RESEARCHERS SUGGESTED IT COULD OPEN UP A VERY DIFFERENT AVENUE OF CURE RESEARCH. THEY BELIEVE THAT ALLOGENEIC IMMUNITY, OR A GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST RESPONSEA KEY PART OF CERTAIN CANCER CURES FOLLOWING STEM CELL TRANSPLANTS WITH "NORMAL" DONORSMAY HAVE BEEN INVOLVED AND MIGHT BE REPLICATED WITHOUT REQUIRING A TRANSPLANT. THE STUDY AUTHORS INCLUDE AMFAR GRANTEES DRS. ASIER SEZ-CIRIN (PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR), MONIQUE NIJHUIS, ANNEMARIE WENSING, AND JAVIER MARTNEZ PICADO. NEW CASE OF POST-TREATMENT CONTROL A RECENTLY PUBLISHED STUDY DETAILED A NEW CASE OF POST-TREATMENT CONTROL OF HIV. DIAGNOSED IN 1998, THE MAN STARTED ART, SUPPRESSED HIS VIRAL LOAD TO UNDETECTABLE LEVELS SEVEN MONTHS LATER, AND EVENTUALLY DISCONTINUED ALL REGIMENS. EXCEPT FOR ONE SMALL SPIKE SEVEN MONTHS AFTER HE STOPPED ART, HE HAS REMAINED UNDETECTABLE (BELOW 200 COPIES) FOR CLOSE TO TWO DECADES POST-TREATMENT. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSES BY RESEARCHERS, INCLUDING PAST AMFAR GRANTEE DR. JORI SYMONS OF UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS, SUGGEST THAT POST-TREATMENT CONTROL MAY HAVE BEEN THE RESULT OF STRONG CD8 IMMUNE RESPONSES AND A VIRUS THAT SEEMED SLOW TO REPLICATE POSSIBLY DUE TO A MUTATION. TIMING IS IMPORTANT RESEARCHERS AT UCSF ANALYZED HIV DNA IN 500 BLOOD SAMPLES COLLECTED OVER THE COURSE OF A YEAR FROM 67 PEOPLE GIVEN ART DURING ACUTE INFECTION, AND THEN DEVELOPED MATHEMATICAL MODELS PREDICTING THE DECLINE IN HIV RESERVOIRS OVER TIME. PUBLISHED IN MEDRXIV, THE STUDY FOUND THAT TIMING WAS IMPORTANT. IN THE FIRST PHASE OF RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT, FOR EVERY WEEK ART WAS DELAYED, THE HALF-LIFE OF INTACT HIV INCREASED BY 14 HOURS, BUT FOR EVERY WEEK ART WAS DELAYED IN THE PERIOD 524 WEEKS POST-INFECTION THE VIRUS HALF-LIFE INCREASED BY EIGHT DAYS. THE AUTHORS, INCLUDING AMFAR GRANTEE DR. STEVEN DEEKS, CONCLUDED THAT THEIR STUDY MAY HELP PERSONALIZE CURE STRATEGIES FOR A DIVERSE, GLOBAL POPULATION OF PLWH INITIATING ART AT VARYING STAGES OF HIV. |
| FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A | HOW ONE CURE STRATEGY MAY LEAD TO ANOTHER PUBLISHED IN LANCET HIV AND CO-AUTHORED BY MEMBERS OF THE AMFAR-ESTABLISHED ICISTEM RESEARCH CONSORTIUM, A STUDY SOUGHT TO EXAMINE CHANGES IN HIV RESERVOIRS AND HIV ANTIBODY PRODUCTION OVER MORE THAN EIGHT YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP POST-STEM CELL TRANSPLANT, CURRENTLY THE ONLY STRATEGY THAT HAS SUCCESSFULLY CURED INDIVIDUALS OF HIV. RESEARCHERS AIMED TO DEFINE MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO DECREASES IN HIV RESERVOIR SIZE EVEN IN THOSE WHO RECEIVED A NORMAL DONOR TRANSPLANT (WITHOUT THE CCR5 MUTATION ASSOCIATED WITH A COMPLETE CURE) AND WERE NOT CURED. HIV RESERVOIRS IN THE BLOOD WERE MARKEDLY REDUCED IMMEDIATELY AFTER ACHIEVING FULL REPLACEMENT OF PATIENT CELLS WITH DONOR CELLS POST-TRANSPLANT. THIS OCCURRED REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THE DONOR HAD THE CCR5 MUTATION. THIS DECREASE WAS USUALLY FOLLOWED BY DECREASES IN RESERVOIR HIV IN BONE MARROW, LYMPH NODE, SPINAL FLUID, AND INTESTINES. LEVELS OF ANTI-HIV ANTIBODIES DECLINED MUCH MORE SLOWLY. SO-CALLED "ALLOGENEIC IMMUNITY"DONOR IMMUNE CELL ATTACK ON HIV-INFECTED PATIENT CELLSAPPEARED TO BE THE MAIN MECHANISM FOR REDUCTION IN HIV RESERVOIRS AFTER AN INITIAL MASSIVE DECREASE IN RESERVOIR SIZE RELATED TO THE LARGE DOSES OF CHEMOTHERAPY REQUIRED JUST PRIOR TO THE TRANSPLANT. CREATING A COST-EFFECTIVE CURE A CANADIAN GROUP LED BY AMFAR GRANTEE DR. ERIC ARTS DEVELOPED A NEW TYPE OF LATENCY REVERSING AGENT (LRA) CALLED HLPA DEAD, HIV-LIKE PARTICLE THAT COULD ACTIVATE RESERVOIR T CELLS, THUS MAKING THEM A TARGET. THE CONCEPT WAS EXPLORED USING CELLS FROM INDIVIDUALS ON ART FOR TWO TO THREE YEARS WHO STARTED TREATMENT DURING ACUTE HIV INFECTION, OR SHORTLY THEREAFTER. AS HOPED, IN THE TEST TUBE HLP INDUCED ALMOST 100-FOLD GREATER LATENCY REVERSAL THAN EXISTING AGENTS. WHEN TESTED, HLPS PROVED EQUALLY EFFECTIVE IN INDIVIDUALS WHO HAD STARTED TREATMENT LATER THAN THOSE IN THE INITIAL STUDIES, LEADING TO 100 TO 1,000-FOLD MORE HIV RELEASE THAN PREVIOUS LRAS. THE RESEARCHERS SPECULATED THAT MULTIPLE INJECTIONS OF HLP INTO MUSCLE, LIKE A VACCINATION, COULD ALSO BOOST ANTI-HIV IMMUNE RESPONSES. HLPS THAT COULD RECOGNIZE SUBTYPES OF HIV FOUND PRIMARILY IN THE WEST AS WELL AS IN AFRICA WERE DESIGNED. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDED THAT HLP SERVES AS BOTH AN LRA AS WELL AS TREATMENT THAT CAN BOOST HIV-1-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSES, SUGGESTING THE POSSIBILITY OF A GLOBAL, COST-EFFECTIVE CURE STRATEGY FOR THE FUTURE. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN EMERGING MICROBES AND INFECTIONS. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B | THE FORM 990 WAS PREPARED BY A NATIONALLY RENOWNED ACCOUNTING FIRM IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ORGANIZATION'S FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT. A COPY OF THE FORM 990 WAS CIRCULATED TO THE FULL BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR DISCUSSION AND COMMENT. EACH BOARD MEMBER WAS PROVIDED AMPLE OPPORTUNITY TO COMMENT ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE 990 PRIOR TO ITS FILING WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C | EACH OFFICER, DIRECTOR, TRUSTEE AND KEY EMPLOYEE OF AMFAR ("FOUNDATION") IS REQUIRED TO ANNUALLY DISCLOSE ANY CONFLICTS OF INTEREST THAT ARISE BY VIRTUE OF EMPLOYMENT, BOARD SERVICE, OR POSITION WITH THE FOUNDATION. THE FOUNDATION MONITORS COMPLIANCE WITH ITS CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY THROUGH AN ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE/DISCLOSURE STATEMENT THAT IS DISTRIBUTED TO THESE INDIVIDUALS. POTENTIAL CONFLICTS ARE INVESTIGATED IMMEDIATELY. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15 | AMFAR ("FOUNDATION FOR AIDS RESEARCH") UNDERTAKES A THOROUGH PROCESS TO ENSURE THAT THE COMPENSATION IT PAYS TO ITS TOP MANAGEMENT OFFICIAL AND ALL OF ITS OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES IS REASONABLE GIVEN THE MARKET IN WHICH THE FOUNDATION OPERATES. AN INDEPENDENT CONSULTING FIRM QUALIFIED IN THE AREA OF NONPROFIT COMPENSATION PREPARES AN ANALYSIS OF MARKET COMPENSATION RANGES BY JOB FUNCTION AND PRESENTS IT TO THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD. AMFAR'S LAST INDEPENDENT COMPENSATION STUDY WAS CONDUCTED IN AUGUST OF 2020 TO ENSURE THAT THE PRESIDENT & CEO'S COMPENSATION IS REASONABLE GIVEN THE MARKET IN WHICH THE FOUNDATION OPERATES. ON THE BASIS OF THIS INFORMATION, STAFF COMPENSATION IS DETERMINED ACCORDING TO SALARY RANGES APPROVED BY THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE CEO AND CFO. CEO COMPENSATION IS REVIEWED AND DETERMINED ANNUALLY BY THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD UTILIZING THE INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT ANALYSIS. |
| FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 | AMFAR MAKES ITS FORM 990 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC BY RETAINING A COPY AT ITS PLACE OF BUSINESS AND ON ITS WEBSITE, WWW.AMFAR.ORG. THE FORM 990 IS LIKEWISE PUBLISHED ON THE INTERNET AT WWW.GUIDESTAR.ORG. THE FOUNDATION'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE MADE AVAILABLE IN ITS ANNUAL REPORT AND ON ITS WEBSITE. THE FOUNDATION'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ARE NOT ORDINARILY MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC, BUT, IF REQUESTED WILL BE PROVIDED AT MANAGEMENT'S DISCRETION. |
| FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9: | OVERACCRUAL OF GRANT EXPENSE -296,424. WRITE OFF OF UNCOLLECTIBLE PLEDGES -499. |
| FORM 990, PART XII, LINE 2C: | THE ORGANIZATION HAS A COMMITTEE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OVERSIGHT OF THE AUDIT OF ITS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SELECTION OF AN INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT. THE PROCESS HAS NOT CHANGED FROM THE PRIOR YEAR. |
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