TY 2024 Form 990

- TIN:

Form990

Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue Service

Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax

Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except private foundations)

Do not enter social security numbers on this form as it may be made public.

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2024

Open to Public Inspection

A For the 2024 calendar year, or tax year beginning 10-01-2024 , and ending 09-30-2025

BCheck if applicable: Address change Name change Initial return Final return/terminated Amended return Application pending

CName of organization
ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Doing business as

Number and street (or P.O. box if mail is not delivered to street address)
257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH

Room/suite

City or town, state or province, country, and ZIP or foreign postal code
NEW YORK, NY10010

D Employer identification number

11-6107128

E Telephone number

G Gross receipts $ 511,891,659

F Name and address of principal officer:
FREDERIC D KRUPP
257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH
NEW YORK,NY10010

Tax-exempt status: 501(c)(3) 501(c) ( ) (insert no.) 4947(a)(1) or 527

Website:

www.edf.org

H(a)

Is this a group return for
subordinates? Yes No

H(b)

Are all subordinates
included?

Yes No

If "No," attach a list. See instructions.

H(c)

Group exemption number

K Form of organization: Corporation Trust Association Other

L Year of formation: 1967

M State of legal domicile: NY

Part I

Summary

1	Briefly describe the organization’s mission or most significant activities: TO PRESERVE THE NATURAL SYSTEMS ON WHICH ALL LIFE DEPENDS. GUIDED BY SCIENCE AND ECONOMICS, WE FIND PRACTICAL AND LASTING SOLUTIONS TO THE MOST SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. WE WORK TO STABILIZE THE CLIMATE, STRENGTHEN THE ABILITY OF PEOPLE AND NATURE TO THRIVE AND SUPPORT PEOPLE'S HEALTH.
2	Check this box
3	Number of voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1a) ........	3	42
4	Number of independent voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1b) .....	4	42
5	Total number of individuals employed in calendar year 2024 (Part V, line 2a) ......	5	1,058
6	Total number of volunteers (estimate if necessary) .............	6	42
7a	Total unrelated business revenue from Part VIII, column (C), line 12 ........	7a	0
b	Net unrelated business taxable income from Form 990-T, Part I, line 11 .........	7b

		Prior Year	Current Year
8	Contributions and grants (Part VIII, line 1h) .........	290,305,830	411,250,696
9	Program service revenue (Part VIII, line 2g) .........	0	0
10	Investment income (Part VIII, column (A), lines 3, 4, and 7d ) ....	4,236,147	10,171,684
11	Other revenue (Part VIII, column (A), lines 5, 6d, 8c, 9c, 10c, and 11e)	4,147,309	21,845,392
12	Total revenue—add lines 8 through 11 (must equal Part VIII, column (A), line 12)	298,689,286	443,267,772
13	Grants and similar amounts paid (Part IX, column (A), lines 1–3 )...	55,503,531	51,557,871
14	Benefits paid to or for members (Part IX, column (A), line 4).....	0	0
15	Salaries, other compensation, employee benefits (Part IX, column (A), lines 5–10)	147,711,759	133,664,337
16a	Professional fundraising fees (Part IX, column (A), line 11e) .....	77,664	28,217
b	Total fundraising expenses (Part IX, column (D), line 25) 25,211,858
17	Other expenses (Part IX, column (A), lines 11a–11d, 11f–24e)....	92,515,838	171,501,525
18	Total expenses. Add lines 13–17 (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25)	295,808,792	356,751,950
19	Revenue less expenses. Subtract line 18 from line 12.......	2,880,494	86,515,822
		Beginning of Current Year	End of Year
20	Total assets (Part X, line 16).............	391,659,124	520,426,832
21	Total liabilities (Part X, line 26).............	91,880,330	133,747,241
22	Net assets or fund balances. Subtract line 21 from line 20.....	299,778,794	386,679,591

Part II

Signature Block

Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this return, including accompanying schedules and statements, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, it is true, correct, and complete. Declaration of preparer (other than officer) is based on all information of which preparer has any knowledge.

Sign Here

	Signature of officer	Date

	Type or print name and title

Paid Preparer Use Only

Print/Type preparer's name

Preparer's signature

Date

Check if
self-employed

PTIN

Firm's name

Firm's EIN

Firm's address

Phone no.

May the IRS discuss this return with the preparer shown above? See Instructions. ..........YesNo

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the separate instructions.

Cat. No. 11282Y Form 990 (2024)

Form 990 (2024)

Page 2

Part III

Statement of Program Service Accomplishments

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part III..............

Briefly describe the organization’s mission: TO PRESERVE THE NATURAL SYSTEMS ON WHICH ALL LIFE DEPENDS. GUIDED BY SCIENCE & ECONOMICS, WE FIND PRACTICAL & LASTING SOLUTIONS TO THE MOST SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. WE WORK TO STABILIZE THE CLIMATE, STRENGTHEN THE ABILITY OF PEOPLE AND NATURE TO THRIVE AND SUPPORT PEOPLE'S HEALTH.

Did the organization undertake any significant program services during the year which were not listed on
the prior Form 990 or 990-EZ? ..................... Yes No

If "Yes," describe these new services on Schedule O.

Did the organization cease conducting, or make significant changes in how it conducts, any program
services? ........................... Yes No

If "Yes," describe these changes on Schedule O.

Describe the organization’s program service accomplishments for each of its three largest program services, as measured by expenses. Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations are required to report the amount of grants and allocations to others, the total expenses, and revenue, if any, for each program service reported.


4a	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 94,000,129 including grants of $ 12,731,489 ) (Revenue $ 0 )
	PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT - IN FY 2025, EDF RELIED ON DATA FROM THE METHANESAT SATELLITE AND METHANEAIR FLIGHTS TO PROVIDE THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL LOOK AT HOW MUCH METHANE IS BEING EMITTED BY OIL AND GAS PRODUCERS. AT THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION, EDF PARTICIPATED IN TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE SHIPPING DECARBONIZATION STRATEGY, FOCUSED ON EFFICIENCY, AND A FUEL STANDARD. IN THE U.S., EDF HELPED ADVANCE CLEAN AFFORDABLE ENERGY AND PERMITTING FOR CLEAN ENERGY PROJECTS IN CALIFORNIA, FLORIDA, ILLINOIS, NEW MEXICO, NORTH CAROLINA, CONNECTICUT, MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, RHODE ISLAND, VERMONT, TEXAS, AND OTHER STATES.

4b	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 89,672,447 including grants of $ 23,510,949 ) (Revenue $ 0 )
	CORE CAPACITIES AND EDUCATION - IN FY 2025, EDF DELIVERED RESULTS ACROSS OUR CORE CAPACITIES, INCLUDING CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT, ECONOMICS AND SCIENCE. EDF WORKED WITH THREE NEW CORPORATE MEMBERS INTO THE DAIRY METHANE ACTION ALLIANCE TO REDUCE METHANE EMISSIONS ACROSS DAIRY SUPPLY CHAINS. EDF ADVANCED SCIENCE BY DEMONSTRATING A CUTTING-EDGE HYDROGEN SENSOR BEING USED IN A RESEARCH STUDY COORDINATED BY EDF TO MEASURE HYDROGEN EMISSIONS. EDF'S WATER LEADERSHIP INSTITUTE WORKED WITH MORE THAN 70 RURAL AND TRIBAL LEADERS, IN TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS ON SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND NETWORKS TO ADDRESS WATER CHALLENGES IN THEIR COMMUNITIES.

4c	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 58,033,044 including grants of $ 9,471,699 ) (Revenue $ 0 )
	STRENGTHEN PEOPLE'S AND NATURE'S ABILITY TO THRIVE - IN FY 2025, EDF MADE PROGRESS ON RESILIENT WATER SUPPLIES IN CALIFORNIA, COLORADO, NEW MEXICO AND TEXAS. EDF ADVANCED POLICY AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FISHERIES, HELPING TO STRENGTHEN CONSERVATION EFFORTS, IMPROVE REGULATION OF FISHING PRACTICES AND MODERNIZE GOVERNANCE.

	(Code: ) (Expenses $ 72,968,353 including grants of $ 5,843,734 ) (Revenue $ 0 )
	PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES TO SUPPORT PEOPLE'S HEALTH AND REGIONALLY FOCUSED WORK.

4d	Other program services (Describe in Schedule O.)
	(Expenses $ 72,968,353 including grants of $ 5,843,734 ) (Revenue $ )
4e	Total program service expenses314,673,973

Form 990 (2024)

Page 3

Part IV

Checklist of Required Schedules

Yes

Is the organization described in section 501(c)(3) or 4947(a)(1) (other than a private foundation)? If "Yes," complete Schedule A Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

.....................

Yes

Is the organization required to complete Schedule B, Schedule of Contributors? See instructions. Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

...

Yes

Did the organization engage in direct or indirect political campaign activities on behalf of or in opposition to candidates for public office? If "Yes," complete Schedule C, Part I.............

Section 501(c)(3) organizations. Did the organization engage in lobbying activities, or have a section 501(h) election in effect during the tax year? If "Yes," complete Schedule C, Part II Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

.........

Yes

Is the organization a section 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), or 501(c)(6) organization that receives membership dues, assessments, or similar amounts as defined in Rev. Proc. 98-19? If "Yes," complete Schedule C, Part III Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Did the organization maintain any donor advised funds or any similar funds or accounts for which donors have the right to provide advice on the distribution or investment of amounts in such funds or accounts? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part I.........................

Did the organization receive or hold a conservation easement, including easements to preserve open space,
the environment, historic land areas, or historic structures? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part II....

Did the organization maintain collections of works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets? If "Yes,"
complete Schedule D, Part III..............

Did the organization report an amount in Part X, line 21 for escrow or custodial account liability; serve as a custodian for amounts not listed in Part X; or provide credit counseling, debt management, credit repair, or debt negotiation services? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part IV..............

Did the organization, directly or through a related organization, hold assets in temporarily restricted endowments, permanent endowments, or quasi endowments? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part V Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

......

Yes

If the organization’s answer to any of the following questions is "Yes," then complete Schedule D, Parts VI, VII, VIII, IX, or X, as applicable.

Did the organization report an amount for land, buildings, and equipment in Part X, line 10? If "Yes," complete
Schedule D, Part VI. Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

...................

11a

Yes

Did the organization report an amount for investments—other securities in Part X, line 12 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part VII.......

11b

Did the organization report an amount for investments—program related in Part X, line 13 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part VIII.......

11c

Did the organization report an amount for other assets in Part X, line 15 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part IX Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

............

11d

Yes

Did the organization report an amount for other liabilities in Part X, line 25? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part X Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

11e

Yes

Did the organization’s separate or consolidated financial statements for the tax year include a footnote that addresses the organization’s liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC 740)? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, Part X Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

11f

Yes

12a

Did the organization obtain separate, independent audited financial statements for the tax year? If "Yes," complete
Schedule D, Parts XI and XII......................

12a

Was the organization included in consolidated, independent audited financial statements for the tax year? If "Yes," and if the organization answered "No" to line 12a, then completing Schedule D, Parts XI and XII is optional Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

12b

Yes

Is the organization a school described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii)? If "Yes," complete Schedule E

14a

Did the organization maintain an office, employees, or agents outside of the United States? .....

14a

Yes

Did the organization have aggregate revenues or expenses of more than $10,000 from grantmaking, fundraising, business, investment, and program service activities outside the United States, or aggregate foreign investments valued at $100,000 or more? If "Yes," complete Schedule F, Parts I and IV......... Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

14b

Yes

Did the organization report on Part IX, column (A), line 3, more than $5,000 of grants or other assistance to or for any foreign organization? If “Yes,” complete Schedule F, Parts II and IV..... Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

Did the organization report on Part IX, column (A), line 3, more than $5,000 of aggregate grants or other assistance to or for foreign individuals? If “Yes,” complete Schedule F, Parts III and IV...

Did the organization report a total of more than $15,000 of expenses for professional fundraising services on Part IX, column (A), lines 6 and 11e? If "Yes," complete Schedule G, Part I. See instructions. .... Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

Did the organization report more than $15,000 total of fundraising event gross income and contributions on Part VIII, lines 1c and 8a? If "Yes," complete Schedule G, Part II............

Did the organization report more than $15,000 of gross income from gaming activities on Part VIII, line 9a? If "Yes," complete Schedule G, Part III...................

20a

Did the organization operate one or more hospital facilities? If "Yes," complete Schedule H....

20a

If "Yes" to line 20a, did the organization attach a copy of its audited financial statements to this return?

20b

Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants or other assistance to any domestic organization or domestic government on Part IX, column (A), line 1? If “Yes,” complete Schedule I, Parts I and II..... Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

Form 990 (2024)

Page 4

Part IV

Checklist of Required Schedules (continued)

Yes

Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants or other assistance to or for domestic individuals on Part IX, column (A), line 2? If “Yes,” complete Schedule I, Parts I and III........

Did the organization answer "Yes" to Part VII, Section A, line 3, 4, or 5, about compensation of the organization’s current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees? If "Yes," complete Schedule J....................... Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

24a

Did the organization have a tax-exempt bond issue with an outstanding principal amount of more than $100,000 as of the last day of the year, that was issued after December 31, 2002? If “Yes,” answer lines 24b through 24d and complete Schedule K. If “No,” go to line 25a...............

24a

Did the organization invest any proceeds of tax-exempt bonds beyond a temporary period exception?...

24b

Did the organization maintain an escrow account other than a refunding escrow at any time during the year
to defease any tax-exempt bonds? ...............

24c

Did the organization act as an "on behalf of" issuer for bonds outstanding at any time during the year?...

24d

25a

Section 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), and 501(c)(29) organizations. Did the organization engage in an excess benefit transaction with a disqualified person during the year? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part I ....

25a

Is the organization aware that it engaged in an excess benefit transaction with a disqualified person in a prior year, and that the transaction has not been reported on any of the organization’s prior Forms 990 or 990-EZ? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part I.......................

25b

Did the organization report any amount on Part X, line 5 or 22 for receivables from or payables to any current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, substantial contributor, or 35% controlled entity or family member of any of these persons? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part II...........

Did the organization provide a grant or other assistance to any current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, substantial contributor, or employee thereof, a grant selection committee member, or to a 35% controlled entity (including an employee thereof) or family member of any of these persons?

If "Yes," complete

Schedule L, Part III.........................

Was the organization a party to a business transaction with one of the following parties (see the Schedule L, Part IV instructions for applicable filing thresholds, conditions, and exceptions):

A current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, or substantial contributor? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part IV......................

28a

A family member of any individual described in line 28a? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part IV.....

28b

A 35% controlled entity of one or more individuals and/or organizations described in line 28a or 28b? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Part IV.....................

28c

Did the organization receive more than $25,000 in non-cash contributions? If "Yes," complete Schedule M.. Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

Did the organization receive contributions of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets, or qualified conservation contributions? If "Yes," complete Schedule M .................

Did the organization liquidate, terminate, or dissolve and cease operations? If "Yes," complete Schedule N, Part I

Did the organization sell, exchange, dispose of, or transfer more than 25% of its net assets? If "Yes," complete Schedule N, Part II........................

Did the organization own 100% of an entity disregarded as separate from the organization under Regulations sections 301.7701-2 and 301.7701-3? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part I............ Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

Was the organization related to any tax-exempt or taxable entity? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part II, III, or IV, and Part V, line 1......................... Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

35a

Did the organization have a controlled entity within the meaning of section 512(b)(13)?

35a

Yes

If ‘Yes’ to line 35a, did the organization receive any payment from or engage in any transaction with a controlled entity within the meaning of section 512(b)(13)? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part V, line 2 ... Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

35b

Yes

Section 501(c)(3) organizations. Did the organization make any transfers to an exempt non-charitable related organization? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part V, line 2............. Click to see attachment

List of Attached Documents:

// Content

Yes

Did the organization conduct more than 5% of its activities through an entity that is not a related organization and that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part VI

Did the organization complete Schedule O and provide explanations on Schedule O for Part VI, lines 11b and 19? Note. All Form 990 filers are required to complete Schedule O. ............

Yes

Part V

Statements Regarding Other IRS Filings and Tax Compliance
Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part V...........

Yes

Enter the number reported in box 3 of Form 1096. Enter -0- if not applicable ..

418

Enter the number of Forms W-2G included on line 1a. Enter -0- if not applicable .

Did the organization comply with backup withholding rules for reportable payments to vendors and reportable gaming (gambling) winnings to prize winners? ..................

Yes

Form 990 (2024)

Page 5

Part V

Statements Regarding Other IRS Filings and Tax Compliance (continued)

Enter the number of employees reported on Form W-3, Transmittal of Wage and
Tax Statements, filed for the calendar year ending with or within the year covered by this return ..................

1,058

If at least one is reported on line 2a, did the organization file all required federal employment tax returns?

Yes

Did the organization have unrelated business gross income of $1,000 or more during the year?...

If “Yes,” has it filed a Form 990-T for this year? If “No” to line 3b, provide an explanation in Schedule O...

At any time during the calendar year, did the organization have an interest in, or a signature or other authority over, a financial account in a foreign country (such as a bank account, securities account, or other financial account)? ..

Yes

If "Yes," enter the name of the foreign country: ID , JA , MX , NL , BE , UK , CH
See instructions for filing requirements for FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR).

Was the organization a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction at any time during the tax year? ..

Did any taxable party notify the organization that it was or is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction?

If "Yes," to line 5a or 5b, did the organization file Form 8886-T? ............

Does the organization have annual gross receipts that are normally greater than $100,000, and did the organization solicit any contributions that were not tax deductible as charitable contributions? ...

If "Yes," did the organization include with every solicitation an express statement that such contributions or gifts were not tax deductible? ......................

Organizations that may receive deductible contributions under section 170(c).

Did the organization receive a payment in excess of $75 made partly as a contribution and partly for goods and services provided to the payor? ....................

If "Yes," did the organization notify the donor of the value of the goods or services provided? .....

Did the organization sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of tangible personal property for which it was required to file Form 8282? .........................

If "Yes," indicate the number of Forms 8282 filed during the year ....

Did the organization receive any funds, directly or indirectly, to pay premiums on a personal benefit contract?

Did the organization, during the year, pay premiums, directly or indirectly, on a personal benefit contract? ..

If the organization received a contribution of qualified intellectual property, did the organization file Form 8899 as required? ......................

If the organization received a contribution of cars, boats, airplanes, or other vehicles, did the organization file a Form 1098-C? ..........................

Sponsoring organizations maintaining donor advised funds. Did a donor advised fund maintained by the sponsoring organization have excess business holdings at any time during the year? ........

Sponsoring organizations maintaining donor advised funds.

Did the sponsoring organization make any taxable distributions under section 4966?........

Did the sponsoring organization make a distribution to a donor, donor advisor, or related person?...

Section 501(c)(7) organizations. Enter:

Initiation fees and capital contributions included on Part VIII, line 12 ...

10a

Gross receipts, included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12, for public use of club facilities

10b

Section 501(c)(12) organizations. Enter:

Gross income from members or shareholders .........

11a

Gross income from other sources. (Do not net amounts due or paid to other sources against amounts due or received from them.) ..........

11b

12a

Section 4947(a)(1) non-exempt charitable trusts. Is the organization filing Form 990 in lieu of Form 1041?

12a

If "Yes," enter the amount of tax-exempt interest received or accrued during the year.

12b

Section 501(c)(29) qualified nonprofit health insurance issuers.

Is the organization licensed to issue qualified health plans in more than one state? .........
Note. See the instructions for additional information the organization must report on Schedule O.

13a

Enter the amount of reserves the organization is required to maintain by the states in which the organization is licensed to issue qualified health plans ....

13b

Enter the amount of reserves on hand ............

13c

14a

Did the organization receive any payments for indoor tanning services during the tax year?.....

14a

If "Yes," has it filed a Form 720 to report these payments? If "No," provide an explanation in Schedule O..

14b

Is the organization subject to the section 4960 tax on payment(s) of more than $1,000,000 in remuneration or excess parachute payment(s) during the year? ....................
If "Yes," see the instructions and file Form 4720, Schedule N.

Yes

Is the organization an educational institution subject to the section 4968 excise tax on net investment income? ..
If "Yes," complete Form 4720, Schedule O.

Section 501(c)(21) organizations. Did the trust, or any disqualified or other person engage in any activities that would result in the imposition of an excise tax under section 4951, 4952, or 4953? ..
If "Yes," complete Form 6069.

Form 990 (2024)

Page 6

Part VI

Governance, Management, and Disclosure. For each "Yes" response to lines 2 through 7b below, and for a "No" response to lines 8a, 8b, or 10b below, describe the circumstances, processes, or changes in Schedule O. See instructions.

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part VI..............

Section A. Governing Body and Management

Yes

Enter the number of voting members of the governing body at the end of the tax year

If there are material differences in voting rights among members of the governing body, or if the governing body delegated broad authority to an executive committee or similar committee, explain in Schedule O.

Enter the number of voting members included in line 1a, above, who are independent

Did any officer, director, trustee, or key employee have a family relationship or a business relationship with any other officer, director, trustee, or key employee? .................

Did the organization delegate control over management duties customarily performed by or under the direct supervision of officers, directors or trustees, or key employees to a management company or other person? .

Did the organization make any significant changes to its governing documents since the prior Form 990 was filed? .

Did the organization become aware during the year of a significant diversion of the organization’s assets? .

Did the organization have members or stockholders? ................

Did the organization have members, stockholders, or other persons who had the power to elect or appoint one or more members of the governing body? ....................

Are any governance decisions of the organization reserved to (or subject to approval by) members, stockholders, or persons other than the governing body? ...................

Did the organization contemporaneously document the meetings held or written actions undertaken during the year by the following:

The governing body? .......................

Yes

Each committee with authority to act on behalf of the governing body? ............

Yes

Is there any officer, director, trustee, or key employee listed in Part VII, Section A, who cannot be reached at the organization’s mailing address? If "Yes," provide the names and addresses in Schedule O.......

Section B. Policies (This Section B requests information about policies not required by the Internal Revenue Code.)

Yes

10a

Did the organization have local chapters, branches, or affiliates? ............

10a

If "Yes," did the organization have written policies and procedures governing the activities of such chapters, affiliates, and branches to ensure their operations are consistent with the organization's exempt purposes?

10b

11a

Has the organization provided a complete copy of this Form 990 to all members of its governing body before filing the form? ............................

11a

Describe on Schedule O the process, if any, used by the organization to review this Form 990. .....

12a

Did the organization have a written conflict of interest policy? If "No," go to line 13.......

12a

Yes

Were officers, directors, or trustees, and key employees required to disclose annually interests that could give rise to conflicts? ..........................

12b

Yes

Did the organization regularly and consistently monitor and enforce compliance with the policy? If "Yes," describe on Schedule O how this was done...................

12c

Yes

Did the organization have a written whistleblower policy? ...............

Yes

Did the organization have a written document retention and destruction policy? .........

Yes

Did the process for determining compensation of the following persons include a review and approval by independent persons, comparability data, and contemporaneous substantiation of the deliberation and decision?

The organization’s CEO, Executive Director, or top management official ...........

15a

Yes

Other officers or key employees of the organization ................

15b

If "Yes" to line 15a or 15b, describe the process on Schedule O. See instructions.

16a

Did the organization invest in, contribute assets to, or participate in a joint venture or similar arrangement with a taxable entity during the year? ......................

16a

If "Yes," did the organization follow a written policy or procedure requiring the organization to evaluate its participation in joint venture arrangements under applicable federal tax law, and take steps to safeguard the organization’s exempt status with respect to such arrangements? ............

16b

Section C. Disclosure

List the states with which a copy of this Form 990 is required to be filed

CA , FL , GA , AL , HI , IL , KS , KY , LA , AK , MD , MA , MI , MN , MS , NH , NJ , NM , NY , NC , ND , OK , OR , PA , RI , SC , TN , VA , AR , WV , WI

Section 6104 requires an organization to make its Form 1023 (1024 or 1024-A, if applicable), 990, and 990-T (section 501(c)(3)s only) available for public inspection. Indicate how you made these available. Check all that apply.

Own website Another's website Upon request Other (explain in Schedule O)

Describe in Schedule O whether (and if so, how) the organization made its governing documents, conflict of interest policy, and financial statements available to the public during the tax year.

State the name, address, and telephone number of the person who possesses the organization's books and records:
MARGARITA BUITRAGO257 Park Avenue South New York,NY10010 (212) 505-2100

Form 990 (2024)

Page 7

Part VII

Compensation of Officers, Directors,Trustees, Key Employees, Highest Compensated Employees, and Independent Contractors

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part VII..............

Section A. Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees

1a Complete this table for all persons required to be listed. Report compensation for the calendar year ending with or within the organization’s tax year.
RoundBullet

List all of the organization’s current officers, directors, trustees (whether individuals or organizations), regardless of amount
of compensation. Enter -0- in columns (D), (E), and (F) if no compensation was paid.

List all of the organization’s current key employees, if any. See the instructions for definition of "key employee."

List the organization’s five current highest compensated employees (other than an officer, director, trustee or key employee)
who received reportable compensation (box 5 of Form W-2, box 6 of Form 1099-MISC, and/or box 1 of Form 1099-NEC) of more than $100,000 from the organization and any related organizations.

List all of the organization’s former officers, key employees, or highest compensated employees who received more than $100,000
of reportable compensation from the organization and any related organizations.

List all of the organization’s former directors or trustees that received, in the capacity as a former director or trustee of the
organization, more than $10,000 of reportable compensation from the organization and any related organizations.

See the instructions for the order in which to list the persons above.

Check this box if neither the organization nor any related organization compensated any current officer, director, or trustee.

(A) Name and title	(B) Average hours per week (list any hours for related organizations below dotted line)	(C) Position (do not check more than one box, unless person is both an officer and a director/trustee)	(D) Reportable compensation from the organization (W-2/1099-MISC/1099-NEC)	(E) Reportable compensation from related organizations (W-2/1099-MISC/1099-NEC)	(F) Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
(A) Name and title
(1) Abby Leigh...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(2) Adam Met PhD...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(3) Alice Hill...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(4) Andrea Monge...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(5) Bruce V Rauner...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(6) Carl Ferenbach...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(7) Christopher A Cole...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(8) Christopher Costello...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(9) Coddy Johnson...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(10) David S Vogel...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(11) Dr Tony G Reames...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(12) Elizabeth McCance...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(13) G Leonard Baker JR...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(14) Georges C Benjamin MD...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(15) Ion Yadigaroglu...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(16) Joshua Bekenstein...................................................................... Trustee	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0
(17) Katherine Lorenz...................................................................... Vice Chair	2.0 ................. 0.0	X	0	0	0

Form 990 (2024)

Page 8

Part VII

Section A. Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees (continued)

(A) Name and title	(B) Average hours per week (list any hours for related organizations below dotted line)	(C) Position (do not check more than one box, unless person is both an officer and a director/trustee)				(D) Reportable compensation from the organization (W-2/1099-MISC/1099-NEC)	(E) Reportable compensation from related organizations (W-2/1099-MISC/1099-NEC)	(F) Estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations
(A) Name and title
(18) Kathryn Murdoch........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(19) Kenneth Olden PhD........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(20) Kevin Johnson........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(21) Kristen J Feldman........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(22) Leslie Dach........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(23) Lisa Keith........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(24) Lise Strickler........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(25) Lynn R Goldman MD MPH........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(26) Marie Lynn Miranda PhD........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(27) Mark W Heising........................................................................ Chair	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(28) Matt Cohler........................................................................ Vice Chair	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(29) Michael D Bills........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(30) Peggy M Shepard........................................................................ Vice Chair	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(31) Rachel Crane........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(32) Richard J Lazarus........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(33) Ruth DeFries PhD........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(34) Secretary Ray Mabus........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(35) Shelby W Bonnie........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(36) Spencer Robertson........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(37) Stanley Druckenmiller........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(38) Stephen W Pacala PhD........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(39) Susan Ford Dorsey........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(40) Susan Mandel........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(41) Susan Oberndorf........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(42) THE HONORABLE THOMAS H Kean........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(43) Virginia Sall........................................................................ Trustee	2.0 .......................0.0	X				0	0	0
(44) Amanda Leland........................................................................ Executive Director	40.0 .......................0.0		X			625,826	0	52,825
(45) Frederic D Krupp........................................................................ President	36.0 .......................4.0		X			1,167,858	0	66,026
(46) N Lou Mkanganwi thru 662025........................................................................ Chief Financial & Technology Officer & Treasurer	36.0 .......................4.0		X			388,146	0	47,917
(47) Ronora Pawelko........................................................................ Sr. Director & Sr. Counsel - Political Law	24.0 .......................16.0		X			191,724	0	14,190
(48) Sean Cook........................................................................ EVP, Chief Administrative Officer	40.0 .......................0.0		X			433,015	0	52,846
(49) Amelia Middleton........................................................................ SVP, Chief Marketing & Communications Officer	40.0 .......................0.0			X		380,698	0	56,695
(50) Angela Churie Kallhauge........................................................................ EVP, Impact	40.0 .......................0.0			X		416,099	0	59,881
(51) Mark Brownstein........................................................................ SVP, Energy Transition	40.0 .......................0.0			X		381,721	0	57,207
(52) Steven Hamburg........................................................................ SVP, Chief Scientist	40.0 .......................0.0			X		422,614	0	43,569
(53) Thomas Murray........................................................................ EVP, Solutions	40.0 .......................0.0			X		404,431	0	59,246
(54) CATHERINE NARDONE THRU 123123........................................................................ FORMER SR. EVP, CHIEF DEV. OFFICER	0.0 .......................0.0				X	190,811	0	0
(55) ERIC SCHWAAB THRU 32224........................................................................ FORMER SVP, PEOPLE AND NATURE	0.0 .......................0.0				X	171,450	0	0
(56) GWEN RUTA THRU 122223........................................................................ FORMER SENIOR ADVISOR	0.0 .......................0.0				X	428,076	0	0
(57) JAY KNOTT THRU 91623........................................................................ FORMER COO, SENIOR EXECUTIVE VP	0.0 .......................0.0				X	215,440	0	0

1b	Sub-Total..............
c	Total from continuation sheets to Part VII, Section A..
d	Total (add lines 1b and 1c).........	5,817,909	0	510,402

Total number of individuals (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 of reportable compensation from the organization 423

Yes

Did the organization list any former officer, director or trustee, key employee, or highest compensated employee on line 1a? If "Yes," complete Schedule J for such individual ..............

Yes

For any individual listed on line 1a, is the sum of reportable compensation and other compensation from the organization and related organizations greater than $150,000? If "Yes," complete Schedule J for such
individual...........................

Yes

Did any person listed on line 1a receive or accrue compensation from any unrelated organization or individual for services rendered to the organization? If "Yes," complete Schedule J for such person ........

Section B. Independent Contractors

Complete this table for your five highest compensated independent contractors that received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization. Report compensation for the calendar year ending with or within the organization’s tax year.

(A) Name and business address	(B) Description of services	(C) Compensation
Donahue & Goldberg LLP dba Donahue Goldberg & Herzog 1008 Pennsylvania Ave SE Washington,DC20003	LEGAL CONSULTING SERVICES	651,523
Lincoln Room Strategies LLC 1009 Gelston Circle McLean,VA22102	PUBLIC POLICY AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING SERVICES	602,097
Berlin Rosen Ltd 15 Maiden Lane Suite 1600 New York,NY10038	Communication and marketing services	523,591
Bully Pulpit Interactive LLC 1445 New York Ave NW 5th Floor Washington,DC20005	PUBLIC POLICY AND COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES	345,595
Ridgely Walsh LLC 2146 Wyoming Ave NW Washington,DC20008	Public affairs consulting services	330,854
2 Total number of independent contractors (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization 51

Form 990 (2024)

Page 9

Part VIII

Statement of Revenue

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part VIII.............

(A)
Total revenue

(B)
Related or
exempt
function
revenue

(D)
Revenue
excluded from
tax under sections
512 - 514

1a	Federated campaigns..		1a
b	Membership dues..		1b
c	Fundraising events..		1c
d	Related organizations		1d	1,622,059
e	Government grants (contributions)		1e	3,875,684

f	All other contributions, gifts, grants, and similar amounts not included above		1f	405,752,953

g	Noncash contributions included in lines 1a - 1f:$		1g	49,973,352

h Total. Add lines 1a-1f.......		411,250,696

		Business Code
2a
b
c
d
e
f	All other program service revenue.		0	0	0	0
g	Total. Add lines 2a–2f .....		0

3 Investment income (including dividends, interest, and othersimilar amounts) ......			8,624,806			8,624,806
4 Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds
5 Royalties...........			14			14
			(i) Real	(ii) Personal
6a	Gross rents	6a	109,681
b	Less: rental expenses	6b
c	Rental income or (loss)	6c	109,681	0
d	Net rental income or (loss).......			109,681			109,681
			(i) Securities	(ii) Other
7a	Gross amount from sales of assets other than inventory	7a	70,170,765
b	Less: cost or other basis and sales expenses	7b	68,623,887
c	Gain or (loss)	7c	1,546,878	0
d	Net gain or (loss).........			1,546,878			1,546,878
8a	Gross income from fundraising events (not including $ of contributions reported on line 1c). See Part IV, line 18 ....
			8a
b	Less: direct expenses ...		8b
c	Net income or (loss) from fundraising events..
9a	Gross income from gaming activities. See Part IV, line 19 ...
			9a
b	Less: direct expenses ...		9b
c	Net income or (loss) from gaming activities..
10a	Gross sales of inventory, less returns and allowances ..
			10a
b	Less: cost of goods sold ..		10b
c	Net income or (loss) from sales of inventory..

Business Code
11a	INSURANCE RECOVERY			15,900,000			15,900,000
b	MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE			5,705,754			5,705,754
c	LIST RENTAL FEES			129,943			129,943
d	All other revenue ....			0	0	0	0
e	Total. Add lines 11a–11d ......			21,735,697
12	Total revenue. See instructions.....			443,267,772	0	0	32,017,076

Form 990 (2024)

Page 10

Part IX

Statement of Functional Expenses

Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations must complete all columns. All other organizations must complete column (A).Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part IX..............

Do not include amounts reported on lines 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b, and 10b of Part VIII.		(A) Total expenses	(B) Program service expenses	(C) Management and general expenses	(D) Fundraising expenses

1	Grants and other assistance to domestic organizations and domestic governments. See Part IV, line 21 ....	41,884,677	41,884,677
2	Grants and other assistance to domestic individuals. See Part IV, line 22 ...........
3	Grants and other assistance to foreign organizations, foreign governments, and foreign individuals. See Part IV, lines 15 and 16. .............	9,673,194	9,673,194
4	Benefits paid to or for members .......	0	0
5	Compensation of current officers, directors, trustees, and key employees ...........	2,806,569	2,305,206	189,325	312,038
6	Compensation not included above, to disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)) and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B) .........
7	Other salaries and wages........	103,675,285	85,154,822	6,993,728	11,526,735
8	Pension plan accruals and contributions (include section 401(k) and 403(b) employer contributions) ....	6,669,850	5,497,327	440,584	731,939
9	Other employee benefits .......	11,463,557	9,751,227	607,948	1,104,382
10	Payroll taxes ...........	9,049,076	7,458,298	597,746	993,032
11	Fees for services (non-employees):
a	Management ......
b	Legal .........	3,656,387	3,419,404	98,599	138,384
c	Accounting ...........	173,232	162,005	4,671	6,556
d	Lobbying ...........	19,962	0	19,962	0
e	Professional fundraising services. See Part IV, line 17	28,217			28,217
f	Investment management fees ......
g	Other (If line 11g amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 11g expenses on Schedule O)	40,362,616	37,791,392	1,069,861	1,501,363
12	Advertising and promotion ....	6,239,969	4,468,221	778,024	993,724
13	Office expenses .......	11,915,373	7,187,420	2,075,907	2,652,046
14	Information technology ......
15	Royalties ..
16	Occupancy ...........	6,024,028	2,564,688	1,519,093	1,940,247
17	Travel ............	6,483,393	5,969,023	214,220	300,150
18	Payments of travel or entertainment expenses for any federal, state, or local public officials .
19	Conferences, conventions, and meetings ....	6,784,389	5,651,134	497,606	635,649
20	Interest ...........
21	Payments to affiliates .......
22	Depreciation, depletion, and amortization ..	14,038,368	13,329,518	311,276	397,574
23	Insurance ...	1,593,494	1,363,120	101,148	129,226
24	Other expenses. Itemize expenses not covered above (List miscellaneous expenses in line 24e. If line 24e amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 24e expenses on Schedule O.)
a	ASSET IMPAIRMENT LOSS	58,201,467	58,201,467	0	0
b	BAD DEBT EXPENSE	6,729,544	5,824,062	353,351	552,131
c	DUES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS	6,167,226	4,302,037	819,057	1,046,132
d	DATABASE MANAGEMENT	2,302,106	2,212,365	39,408	50,333
e	All other expenses	809,971	503,366	134,605	172,000
25	Total functional expenses. Add lines 1 through 24e	356,751,950	314,673,973	16,866,119	25,211,858
26	Joint costs. Complete this line only if the organization reported in column (B) joint costs from a combined educational campaign and fundraising solicitation. Check here if following SOP 98-2 (ASC 958-720).

Form 990 (2024)

Page 11

Part X

Balance Sheet

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part IX..............

				(A) Beginning of year		(B) End of year

1	Cash–non-interest-bearing ........			2,572,142	1	3,095,086
2	Savings and temporary cash investments .........			75,207,696	2	153,873,302
3	Pledges and grants receivable, net ......			110,419,051	3	132,996,554
4	Accounts receivable, net .............				4
5	Loans and other receivables from any current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, substantial contributor, or 35% controlled entity or family member of any of these persons .......
				0	5	0
6	Loans and other receivables from other disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)), and persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B) ...
				0	6	0
7	Notes and loans receivable, net ...........				7
8	Inventories for sale or use ............			254,198	8	217,092
9	Prepaid expenses and deferred charges ......			2,403,422	9	3,166,845
10a	Land, buildings, and equipment: cost or other basis. Complete Part VI of Schedule D	10a	29,115,207
b	Less: accumulated depreciation	10b	21,413,085	79,187,211	10c	7,702,122
11	Investments—publicly traded securities .			32,500,367	11	87,860,092
12	Investments—other securities. See Part IV, line 11 .....			13,583,223	12	15,174,712
13	Investments—program-related. See Part IV, line 11 ..			0	13
14	Intangible assets ...............				14
15	Other assets. See Part IV, line 11 ...........			75,531,814	15	116,341,027
16	Total assets. Add lines 1 through 15 (must equal line 33)...			391,659,124	16	520,426,832

17	Accounts payable and accrued expenses .....	10,129,785	17	14,473,496
18	Grants payable ...	2,031,079	18	1,295,286
19	Deferred revenue .........	216,117	19	216,119
20	Tax-exempt bond liabilities .........		20
21	Escrow or custodial account liability. Complete Part IV of Schedule D		21
22	Loans and other payables to any current or former officer, director, trustee, key employee, creator or founder, substantial contributor, or 35% controlled entity or family member of any of these persons .........
		0	22	0
23	Secured mortgages and notes payable to unrelated third parties ..		23
24	Unsecured notes and loans payable to unrelated third parties ..		24
25	Other liabilities (including federal income tax, payables to related third parties, and other liabilities not included on lines 17 - 24). Complete Part X of Schedule D	79,503,349	25	117,762,340
26	Total liabilities. Add lines 17 through 25..	91,880,330	26	133,747,241

	Organizations that follow FASB ASC 958, check here and complete lines 27, 28, 32, and 33.
27	Net assets without donor restrictions ..........	26,579,586	27	86,829,424
28	Net assets with donor restrictions ...........	273,199,208	28	299,850,167
	Organizations that do not follow FASB ASC 958, check here and complete lines 29 through 33.
29	Capital stock or trust principal, or current funds .....		29
30	Paid-in or capital surplus, or land, building or equipment fund ...		30
31	Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated income, or other funds		31
32	Total net assets or fund balances ...........	299,778,794	32	386,679,591
33	Total liabilities and net assets/fund balances ........	391,659,124	33	520,426,832

Form 990 (2024)

Page 12

Part XI

Reconcilliation of Net Assets

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part XI..............

Total revenue (must equal Part VIII, column (A), line 12) ............

443,267,772

Total expenses (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25) ............

356,751,950

Revenue less expenses. Subtract line 2 from line 1 ..............

86,515,822

Net assets or fund balances at beginning of year (must equal Part X, line 32, column (A)) ..

299,778,794

Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments ...............

728,466

Donated services and use of facilities .................

Investment expenses .....................

Prior period adjustments .....................

Other changes in net assets or fund balances (explain in Schedule O) ........

-343,491

Net assets or fund balances at end of year. Combine lines 3 through 9 (must equal Part X, line 32, column (B))

386,679,591

Part XII

Financial Statements and Reporting

Check if Schedule O contains a response or note to any line in this Part XII.............

Yes

Accounting method used to prepare the Form 990: Cash Accrual Other
If the organization changed its method of accounting from a prior year or checked "Other," explain on
Schedule O.

Were the organization’s financial statements compiled or reviewed by an independent accountant?

If ‘Yes,’ check a box below to indicate whether the financial statements for the year were compiled or reviewed on a separate basis, consolidated basis, or both:

Separate basis Consolidated basis Both consolidated and separate basis

Were the organization’s financial statements audited by an independent accountant?

Yes

If ‘Yes,’ check a box below to indicate whether the financial statements for the year were audited on a separate basis, consolidated basis, or both:

Separate basis Consolidated basis Both consolidated and separate basis

If "Yes," to line 2a or 2b, does the organization have a committee that assumes responsibility for oversight of the audit, review, or compilation of its financial statements and selection of an independent accountant?

Yes

If the organization changed either its oversight process or selection process during the tax year, explain in Schedule O.

As a result of a federal award, was the organization required to undergo an audit or audits as set forth in the Uniform Guidance, 2 C.F.R. Part 200, Subpart F?

If "Yes," did the organization undergo the required audit or audits? If the organization did not undergo the required audit or audits, explain why in Schedule O and describe any steps taken to undergo such audits.

Form 990 (2024)

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

Form 990, Special Condition Description:

Special Condition Description

- TIN:

SCHEDULE A
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Public Charity Status and Public Support

Complete if the organization is a section 501(c)(3) organization or a section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust.
right arrow

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
right arrow

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2024

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number

11-6107128

Part I

Reason for Public Charity Status (All organizations must complete this part.) See instructions.

The organization is not a private foundation because it is: (For lines 1 through 12, check only one box.)

A church, convention of churches, or association of churches described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(i).

A school described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii). (Attach Schedule E (Form 990).)

A hospital or a cooperative hospital service organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iii).

A medical research organization operated in conjunction with a hospital described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iii). Enter the hospital's name, city, and state:

An organization operated for the benefit of a college or university owned or operated by a governmental unit described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(iv). (Complete Part II.)

A federal, state, or local government or governmental unit described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(v).

An organization that normally receives a substantial part of its support from a governmental unit or from the general public described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi). (Complete Part II.)

A community trust described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi). (Complete Part II.)

An agricultural research organization described in 170(b)(1)(A)(ix) operated in conjunction with a land-grant college or university or a non-land grant college of agriculture. See instructions. Enter the name, city, and state of the college or university:

An organization that normally receives: (1) more than 33 1/3% of its support from contributions, membership fees, and gross receipts from activities related to its exempt functions—subject to certain exceptions, and (2) no more than 33 1/3% of its support from gross investment income and unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 tax) from businesses acquired by the organization after June 30, 1975. See section 509(a)(2). (Complete Part III.)

An organization organized and operated exclusively to test for public safety. See section 509(a)(4).

An organization organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of, to perform the functions of, or to carry out the purposes of one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or section 509(a)(2). See section 509(a)(3). Check the box on lines 12a through 12d that describes the type of supporting organization and complete lines 12e, 12f, and 12g.

Type I. A supporting organization operated, supervised, or controlled by its supported organization(s), typically by giving the supported organization(s) the power to regularly appoint or elect a majority of the directors or trustees of the supporting organization. You must complete Part IV, Sections A and B.

Type II. A supporting organization supervised or controlled in connection with its supported organization(s), by having control or management of the supporting organization vested in the same persons that control or manage the supported organization(s). You must complete Part IV, Sections A and C.

Type III functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection with, and functionally integrated with, its supported organization(s) (see instructions). You must complete Part IV, Sections A, D, and E.

Type III non-functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection with its supported organization(s) that is not functionally integrated. The organization generally must satisfy a distribution requirement and an attentiveness requirement (see instructions). You must complete Part IV, Sections A and D, and Part V.

Check this box if the organization received a written determination from the IRS that it is a Type I, Type II, Type III functionally integrated, or Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organization.

Enter the number of supported organizations ...............................

Provide the following information about the supported organization(s).

(i) Name of supported organization	(ii) EIN	(iv) Is the organization listed in your governing document?		(v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions)	(vi) Amount of other support (see instructions)
(i) Name of supported organization	(ii) EIN	Yes	No	(v) Amount of monetary support (see instructions)	(vi) Amount of other support (see instructions)


Total

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for
Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 11285F

Schedule A (Form 990) 2024

Page 2

Part II

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Sections 170(b)(1)(A)(iv) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 5, 7, or 8 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part III. If the organization failed to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part III.)

Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2020	(b) 2021	(c) 2022	(d) 2023	(e) 2024	(f) Total
1	Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grant.") ..	358,400,390	278,414,224	236,985,475	290,305,830	411,250,696	1,575,356,615
2	Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf ....						0
3	The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge..						0
4	Total. Add lines 1 through 3	358,400,390	278,414,224	236,985,475	290,305,830	411,250,696	1,575,356,615
5	The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column (f) ..						167,137,874
6	Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4.						1,408,218,741

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2020	(b) 2021	(c) 2022	(d) 2023	(e) 2024	(f) Total
7	Amounts from line 4..	358,400,390	278,414,224	236,985,475	290,305,830	411,250,696	1,575,356,615
8	Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources...	2,801,409	4,311,406	6,807,059	4,181,568	8,734,501	26,835,943
9	Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on..						0
10	Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.)..	4,121,430	962,152	4,434,106	3,733,985	21,735,697	34,987,370
11	Total support. Add lines 7 through 10						1,637,179,928

Gross receipts from related activities, etc. (see instructions) ..................

First 5 years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization, check this box and stop here ........................................ right arrow

Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

Public support percentage for 2024 (line 6, column (f) divided by line 11, column (f)) .........

86.015 %

Public support percentage for 2023 Schedule A, Part II, line 14 ...............

88.4 %

16a

33 1/3% support test—2024. If the organization did not check the box on line 13, and line 14 is 33 1/3% or more, check this box
and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ....................... right arrow

33 1/3% support test—2023. If the organization did not check a box on line 13 or 16a, and line 15 is 33 1/3% or more, check this
box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ..................... right arrow

17a

10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2024. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, or 16b, and line 14 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here. Explain in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ............ right arrow

10%-facts-and-circumstances test—2023. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, or 17a, and line 15 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here. Explain in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ............ right arrow

Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, 17a, or 17b, check this box and see
instructions ..................................................... right arrow

Schedule A (Form 990) 2024

Page 3

Part III

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Section 509(a)(2)
(Complete only if you checked the box on line 10 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part II. If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part II.)

Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2020	(b) 2021	(c) 2022	(d) 2023	(e) 2024	(f) Total
1	Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received. (Do not include any "unusual grants.") .
2	Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose
3	Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513 .....
4	Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf...
5	The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge
6	Total. Add lines 1 through 5
7a	Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3 received from disqualified persons
b	Amounts included on lines 2 and 3 received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on line 13 for the year.
c	Add lines 7a and 7b..
8	Public support. (Subtract line 7c from line 6.)

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)		(a) 2020	(b) 2021	(c) 2022	(d) 2023	(e) 2024	(f) Total
9	Amounts from line 6...
10a	Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources..
b	Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975.
c	Add lines 10a and 10b.
11	Net income from unrelated business activities not included on line 10b, whether or not the business is regularly carried on.
12	Other income. Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI.) ..
13	Total support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11, and 12.)..

First 5 years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization, check this box and stop here................................................. right arrow

Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

Public support percentage for 2024 (line 8, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f)) .........

Public support percentage from 2023 Schedule A, Part III, line 15 ...............

Section D. Computation of Investment Income Percentage

Investment income percentage for 2024 (line 10c, column (f) divided by line 13, column (f)) ......

Investment income percentage from 2023 Schedule A, Part III, line 17 .............

19a

33 1/3% support tests-2024. If the organization did not check the box on line 14, and line 15 is more than 33 1/3%, and line 17 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ....... right arrow

33 1/3 % support tests—2023. If the organization did not check a box on line 14 or line 19a, and line 16 is more than 33 1/3% and line 18 is not more than 33 1/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization ..... right arrow

Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 14, 19a, or 19b, check this box and see instructions .... right arrow

Schedule A (Form 990) 2024

Page 4

Part IV

Supporting Organizations

(Complete only if you checked a box on line 12 of Part I. If you checked box 12a, of Part I, complete Sections A and B. If you checked box 12b, of Part I, complete Sections A and C. If you checked box 12c, of Part I, complete Sections A, D, and E. If you checked box12d, of Part I, complete Sections A and D, and complete Part V.)

Section A. All Supporting Organizations

Yes

Are all of the organization’s supported organizations listed by name in the organization’s governing documents?
If "No," describe in Part VI how the supported organizations are designated. If designated by class or purpose,
describe the designation. If historic and continuing relationship, explain.

Did the organization have any supported organization that does not have an IRS determination of status under section 509(a)(1) or (2)? If "Yes," explain in Part VI how the organization determined that the supported organization was described in section 509(a)(1) or (2).

Did the organization have a supported organization described in section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6)? If "Yes," answer lines 3b and 3c below.

Did the organization confirm that each supported organization qualified under section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) and satisfied the public support tests under section 509(a)(2)? If "Yes," describe in Part VI when and how the organization made the determination.

Did the organization ensure that all support to such organizations was used exclusively for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes? If "Yes," explain in Part VI what controls the organization put in place to ensure such use.

Was any supported organization not organized in the United States ("foreign supported organization")? If “Yes” and if you checked box 12a or 12b in Part I, answer lines 4b and 4c below.

Did the organization have ultimate control and discretion in deciding whether to make grants to the foreign supported organization? If “Yes,” describe in Part VI how the organization had such control and discretion despite being controlled or supervised by or in connection with its supported organizations.

Did the organization support any foreign supported organization that does not have an IRS determination under sections 501(c)(3) and 509(a)(1) or (2)? If “Yes,” explain in Part VI what controls the organization used to ensure that all support to the foreign supported organization was used exclusively for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes.

Did the organization add, substitute, or remove any supported organizations during the tax year? If “Yes,” answer lines 5b and 5c below (if applicable). Also, provide detail in Part VI, including (i) the names and EIN numbers of the supported organizations added, substituted, or removed; (ii) the reasons for each such action; (iii) the authority under the organization's organizing document authorizing such action; and (iv) how the action was accomplished (such as by amendment to the organizing document).

Type I or Type II only. Was any added or substituted supported organization part of a class already designated in the organization's organizing document?

Substitutions only. Was the substitution the result of an event beyond the organization's control?

Did the organization provide support (whether in the form of grants or the provision of services or facilities) to anyone other than (i) its supported organizations, (ii) individuals that are part of the charitable class benefited by one or more of its supported organizations, or (iii) other supporting organizations that also support or benefit one or more of the filing organization’s supported organizations? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did the organization provide a grant, loan, compensation, or other similar payment to a substantial contributor (defined in section 4958(c)(3)(C)), a family member of a substantial contributor, or a 35% controlled entity with regard to a substantial contributor? If “Yes,” complete Part I of Schedule L (Form 990) .

Did the organization make a loan to a disqualified person (as defined in section 4958) not described on line 7? If “Yes,” complete Part I of Schedule L (Form 990).

Was the organization controlled directly or indirectly at any time during the tax year by one or more disqualified persons, as defined in section 4946 (other than foundation managers and organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or (2))? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did one or more disqualified persons (as defined on line 9a) hold a controlling interest in any entity in which the supporting organization had an interest? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

Did a disqualified person (as defined on line 9a) have an ownership interest in, or derive any personal benefit from, assets in which the supporting organization also had an interest? If “Yes,” provide detail in Part VI.

10a

Was the organization subject to the excess business holdings rules of section 4943 because of section 4943(f) (regarding certain Type II supporting organizations, and all Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organizations)? If “Yes,” answer line 10b below.

10a

Did the organization have any excess business holdings in the tax year? (Use Schedule C, Form 4720, to determine whether the organization had excess business holdings).

10b

Schedule A (Form 990) 2024

Page 5

Part IV

Supporting Organizations (continued)

Yes

Has the organization accepted a gift or contribution from any of the following persons?

A person who directly or indirectly controls, either alone or together with persons described on lines 11b and 11c below, the governing body of a supported organization?

11a

A family member of a person described on 11a above?

11b

A 35% controlled entity of a person described on line 11a or 11b above? If “Yes” to 11a, 11b, or 11c, provide detail in Part VI.

11c

Section B. Type I Supporting Organizations

Yes

Did the officers, directors, trustees, or membership of one or more supported organizations have the power to regularly appoint or elect at least a majority of the organization’s directors or trustees at all times during the tax year? If “No,” describe in Part VI how the supported organization(s) effectively operated, supervised, or controlled the organization’s activities. If the organization had more than one supported organization, describe how the powers to appoint and/or remove directors or trustees were allocated among the supported organizations and what conditions or restrictions, if any, applied to such powers during the tax year.

Did the organization operate for the benefit of any supported organization other than the supported organization(s) that operated, supervised, or controlled the supporting organization? If “Yes,” explain in Part VI how providing such benefit carried out the purposes of the supported organization(s) that operated, supervised or controlled the supporting organization.

Section C. Type II Supporting Organizations

Yes

Were a majority of the organization’s directors or trustees during the tax year also a majority of the directors or trustees of each of the organization’s supported organization(s)? If “No,” describe in Part VI how control or management of the supporting organization was vested in the same persons that controlled or managed the supported organization(s).

Section D. All Type III Supporting Organizations

Yes

Did the organization provide to each of its supported organizations, by the last day of the fifth month of the organization’s tax year, (i) a written notice describing the type and amount of support provided during the prior tax year, (ii) a copy of the Form 990 that was most recently filed as of the date of notification, and (iii) copies of the organization’s governing documents in effect on the date of notification, to the extent not previously provided?

Were any of the organization’s officers, directors, or trustees either (i) appointed or elected by the supported organization(s) or (ii) serving on the governing body of a supported organization? If "No," explain in Part VI how the organization maintained a close and continuous working relationship with the supported organization(s).

By reason of the relationship described in line 2 above, did the organization’s supported organizations have a significant voice in the organization’s investment policies and in directing the use of the organization’s income or assets at all times during the tax year? If "Yes," describe in Part VI the role the organization’s supported organizations played in this regard.

Section E. Type III Functionally-Integrated Supporting Organizations

Check the box next to the method that the organization used to satisfy the Integral Part Test during the year (see instructions):

The organization satisfied the Activities Test. Complete line 2 below.

The organization is the parent of each of its supported organizations. Complete line 3 below.

The organization supported a governmental entity. Describe in Part VI how you supported a government entity (see instructions)

Activities Test. Answer lines 2a and 2b below.

Yes

Did substantially all of the organization’s activities during the tax year directly further the exempt purposes of the supported organization(s) to which the organization was responsive? If "Yes," then in Part VI identify those supported organizations and explain how these activities directly furthered their exempt purposes, how the organization was responsive to those supported organizations, and how the organization determined that these activities constituted substantially all of its activities.

Did the activities described on line 2a, above constitute activities that, but for the organization’s involvement, one or more of the organization’s supported organization(s) would have been engaged in? If "Yes," explain in Part VI the reasons for the organization’s position that its supported organization(s) would have engaged in these activities but for the organization’s involvement.

Parent of Supported Organizations. Answer lines 3a and 3b below.

Did the organization have the power to regularly appoint or elect a majority of the officers, directors, or trustees of each of the supported organizations?If "Yes" or "No", provide details in Part VI.

Did the organization exercise a substantial degree of direction over the policies, programs and activities of each of its supported organizations? If "Yes," describe in Part VI. the role played by the organization in this regard.

Schedule A (Form 990) 2024

Page 6

Part V

Type III Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations

Check here if the organization satisfied the Integral Part Test as a qualifying trust on Nov. 20, 1970 (explain in Part VI). See instructions. All other Type III non-functionally integrated supporting organizations must complete Sections A through E.

	Section A - Adjusted Net Income		(A) Prior Year	(B) Current Year (optional)
1	Net short-term capital gain	1
2	Recoveries of prior-year distributions	2
3	Other gross income (see instructions)	3
4	Add lines 1 through 3	4
5	Depreciation and depletion	5
6	Portion of operating expenses paid or incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for production of income (see instructions)	6
7	Other expenses (see instructions)	7
8	Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4)	8

	Section B - Minimum Asset Amount		(A) Prior Year	(B) Current Year (optional)
1	Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see instructions for short tax year or assets held for part of year):	1
a	Average monthly value of securities	1a
b	Average monthly cash balances	1b
c	Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets	1c
d	Total (add lines 1a, 1b, and 1c)	1d
e	Discount claimed for blockage or other factors (explain in detail in Part VI):
2	Acquisition indebtedness applicable to non-exempt use assets	2
3	Subtract line 2 from line 1d	3
4	Cash deemed held for exempt use. Enter 0.015 of line 3 (for greater amount, see instructions).	4
5	Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract line 4 from line 3)	5
6	Multiply line 5 by 0.035	6
7	Recoveries of prior-year distributions	7
8	Minimum Asset Amount (add line 7 to line 6)	8

	Section C - Distributable Amount		Current Year
1	Adjusted net income for prior year (from Section A, line 8, Column A)	1
2	Enter 85% of line 1	2
3	Minimum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A)	3
4	Enter greater of line 2 or line 3	4
5	Income tax imposed in prior year	5
6	Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from line 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reduction (see instructions)	6

Check here if the current year is the organization's first as a non-functionally-integrated Type III supporting organization (see instructions)

Schedule A (Form 990) 2024

Page 7

Part V

Type III Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations(continued)

Section D - Distributions		Current Year
1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes	1
2 Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity	2
3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations	3
4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets	4
5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required - provide details in Part VI)	5
6 Other distributions (describe in Part VI). See instructions	6
7Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6.	7
8 Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive (provide details in Part VI). See instructions	8
9 Distributable amount for 2024 from Section C, line 6	9
10 Line 8 amount divided by Line 9 amount	10

Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions)		(i) Excess Distributions	(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2024	(iii) Distributable Amount for 2024
1 Distributable amount for 2024 from Section C, line 6
2 Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2024 (reasonable cause required-- explain in Part VI). See instructions.
3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2024:
a From 2019.......
b From 2020.......
c From 2021.......
d From 2022.......
e From 2023.......
fTotal of lines 3a through e
g Applied to underdistributions of prior years
h Applied to 2024 distributable amount
i Carryover from 2019 not applied (see instructions)
j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from line 3f.
4Distributions for 2024 from Section D, line 7:
$
a Applied to underdistributions of prior years
b Applied to 2024 distributable amount
c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from line 4.
5 Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2024, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions.
6 Remaining underdistributions for 2024. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1. If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions.
7 Excess distributions carryover to 2025. Add lines 3j and 4c.
8 Breakdown of line 7:
a Excess from 2020.....
b Excess from 2021.....
c Excess from 2022.....
d Excess from 2023.....
e Excess from 2024.....

Schedule A (Form 990) (2024)

Schedule A (Form 990) 2024

Page 8

Part VI

Supplemental Information. Provide the explanations required by Part II, line 10; Part II, line 17a or 17b; Part III, line 12; Part IV, Section A, lines 1, 2, 3b, 3c, 4b, 4c, 5a, 6, 9a, 9b, 9c, 11a, 11b, and 11c; Part IV, Section B, lines 1 and 2; Part IV, Section C, line 1; Part IV, Section D, lines 2 and 3; Part IV, Section E, lines 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b; Part V, line 1; Part V, Section B, line 1e; Part V Section D, lines 5, 6, and 8; and Part V, Section E, lines 2, 5, and 6. Also complete this part for any additional information. (See instructions).

Facts And Circumstances Test

Return Reference	Explanation
Schedule A, Part II, Line 10 Other Income	DESCRIPTION - OTHER REVENUE, COLUMN A - 4121430.0, COLUMN B - 962152.0, COLUMN C - 4434106.0, COLUMN D - 3733985.0, COLUMN E - 21735697.0, COLUMN F - 34987370.0;

Schedule A (Form 990) 2024

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

- TIN:

Schedule B
(Form 990)
(Rev. January 2025)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Schedule of Contributors

Attach to Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number

11-6107128

Organization type (check one):

Filers of:

Section:

Form 990 or 990-EZ

501(c)( ) (enter number) organization

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust not treated as a private foundation

527 political organization

Form 990-PF

501(c)(3) exempt private foundation

4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust treated as a private foundation

501(c)(3) taxable private foundation

Check if your organization is covered by the General Rule or a Special Rule.
Note: Only a section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) organization can check boxes for both the General Rule and a Special Rule. See instructions.

General Rule

For an organization filing Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF that received, during the year, contributions totaling $5,000 or more (in money or other property) from any one contributor. Complete Parts I and II. See instructions for determining a contributor's total contributions.

Special Rules

For an organization described in section 501(c)(3) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that met the 33¹/3% support test of the regulations
under sections 509(a)(1) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi), that checked Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ), Part II, line 13, 16a, or 16b, and that received from any one contributor, during the year, total contributions of the greater of (1) $5,000 or (2) 2% of the amount on (i) Form 990, Part VIII, line 1h, or (ii) Form 990-EZ, line 1. Complete Parts I and II.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, total contributions of more than $1,000 exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals. Complete Parts I, II, and III.

For an organization described in section 501(c)(7), (8), or (10) filing Form 990 or 990-EZ that received from any one contributor,
during the year, contributions exclusively for religious, charitable, etc., purposes, but no such contributions totaled more than $1,000. If this box is checked, enter here the total contributions that were received during the year for an exclusively religious, charitable, etc., purpose. Don't complete any of the parts unless the General Rule applies to this organization because it received nonexclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions totaling $5,000 or more during the year ......... Right Arrow

Caution: An organization that isn't covered by the General Rule and/or the Special Rules doesn't file Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF), but it must answer “No” on Part IV, line 2, of its Form 990; or check the box on line H of its Form 990-EZ
or on its Form 990PF, Part I, line 2, to certify that it doesn't meet the filing requirements of Schedule B (Form 990,
990-EZ, or 990-PF).

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions
for Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF.

Cat. No. 30613XSchedule B (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Schedule B (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025) Page 2

Name of organization ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Part I	Contributors (see instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part I if additional space is needed.
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
RESTRICTED	,	$ RESTRICTED	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
(a) No.	(b) Name, address, and ZIP + 4	(c) Total contributions	(d) Type of contribution
		$	Person Payroll Noncash (Complete Part II for noncash contributions.)
Schedule B (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Schedule B (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 3

Name of organization ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED		Employer identification number 11-6107128

Part II	Noncash Property (see instructions). Use duplicate copies of Part II if additional space is needed.
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
(a) No. from Part I	(b) Description of noncash property given	(c) FMV (or estimate) (See instructions)	(d) Date received
		$
Schedule B (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Schedule B (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 4


Name of organization ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED			Employer identification number 11-6107128
Part III Exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions to organizations described in section 501(c) (7), (8), or (10) that total more than $1,000 for the year from any one contributor. Complete columns (a) through (e) and the following line entry. For organizations completing Part III, enter the total of exclusively religious, charitable, etc., contributions of $1,000 or less for the year. (Enter this information once. See instructions.) $ Use duplicate copies of Part III if additional space is needed.

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

(a)
No. from Part I

(b) Purpose of gift

(d) Description of how gift is held

(e) Transfer of gift
Transferee's name, address, and ZIP 4	Relationship of transferor to transferee

Schedule B (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

- TIN:

SCHEDULE C
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Political Campaign and Lobbying Activities

For Organizations Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501(c) and section 527

right arrow

Complete if the organization is described below. right arrow

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
right arrow

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2024

Open to Public
Inspection

If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 3, or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 46 (Political Campaign Activities), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and B. Do not complete Part I-C.
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Section 501(c) (other than section 501(c)(3)) organizations: Complete Parts I-A and C below. Do not complete Part I-B.
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Section 527 organizations: Complete Part I-A only.
If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 4, or Form 990-EZ, Part VI, line 47 (Lobbying Activities), then
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Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-A. Do not complete Part II-B.
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(3) organizations that have NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)): Complete Part II-B. Do not complete Part II-A.
If the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, Line 5 (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions) or Form 990-EZ, Part V, line 35c (Proxy Tax) (see separate instructions), then
Round Bullet

Section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) organizations: Complete Part III.

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number

11-6107128

Part I-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c) or is a section 527 organization.

Provide a description of the organization’s direct and indirect political campaign activities in Part IV. See instructions for definition of “political campaign activities."

Political campaign activity expenditures. See instructions .................................................................... right arrow

Volunteer hours for political campaign activities. See instructions ..................................................................

Part I-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by the organization under section 4955 ................................ right arrow

Enter the amount of any excise tax incurred by organization managers under section 4955 ....................... right arrow

If the organization incurred a section 4955 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? .........................................

Yes No

Was a correction made? ......................................................................................................................

Yes No

If "Yes," describe in Part IV.

Part I-C

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c), except section 501(c)(3).

Enter the amount directly expended by the filing organization for section 527 exempt function activities ..... right arrow

Enter the amount of the filing organization's funds contributed to other organizations for section 527 exempt function activities ............................................................................................................................ right arrow

Total exempt function expenditures. Add lines 1 and 2. Enter here and on Form 1120-POL, line 17b........... right arrow

Did the filing organization file Form 1120-POL for this year? ...................................................................

Yes No

Enter the names, addresses and employer identification number (EIN) of all section 527 political organizations to which the filing
organization made payments. For each organization listed, enter the amount paid from the filing organization’s funds. Also enter the amount of political contributions received that were promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization, such as a separate segregated fund or a political action committee (PAC). If additional space is needed, provide information in Part IV.

(a) Name	(b) Address	(c) EIN	(d) Amount paid from filing organization's funds. If none, enter -0-.	(e) Amount of political contributions received and promptly and directly delivered to a separate political organization. If none, enter -0-.
1
2
3
4
5
6

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50084S

Schedule C (Form 990) 2024

Page 2

Part II-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

A Check right arrow

if the filing organization belongs to an affiliated group (and list in Part IV each affiliated group member's name, address, EIN, expenses, and share of excess lobbying expenditures).
B Check right arrow

if the filing organization checked box A and "limited control" provisions apply.

Limits on Lobbying Expenditures (The term "expenditures" means amounts paid or incurred.)		(b) Affiliated group totals
1a	Total lobbying expenditures to influence public opinion (grass roots lobbying) ......................
b	Total lobbying expenditures to influence a legislative body (direct lobbying) ........................
c	Total lobbying expenditures (add lines 1a and 1b) ............................................................
d	Other exempt purpose expenditures ...............................................................................
e	Total exempt purpose expenditures (add lines 1c and 1d) ..................................................
f	Lobbying nontaxable amount. Enter the amount from the following table in both columns.
	If the amount on line 1e, column (a) or (b) is:The lobbying nontaxable amount is:
	Not over $500,00020% of the amount on line 1e.
	Over $500,000 but not over $1,000,000$100,000 plus 15% of the excess over $500,000.
	Over $1,000,000 but not over $1,500,000$175,000 plus 10% of the excess over $1,000,000.
	Over $1,500,000 but not over $17,000,000$225,000 plus 5% of the excess over $1,500,000.
	Over $17,000,000$1,000,000.

g	Grassroots nontaxable amount (enter 25% of line 1f) .................................................
h	Subtract line 1g from line 1a. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................................................
i	Subtract line 1f from line 1c. If zero or less, enter -0-. ................................................
j	If there is an amount other than zero on either line 1h or line 1i, did the organization file Form 4720 reporting section 4911 tax for this year? ...................................................................................................................	Yes No

4-Year Averaging Period Under Section 501(h) (Some organizations that made a section 501(h) election do not have to complete all of the five columns below. See the separate instructions for lines 2a through 2f.)
Lobbying Expenditures During 4-Year Averaging Period
	Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in)	(a) 2021	(b) 2022	(c) 2023	(d) 2024	(e) Total

2a	Lobbying nontaxable amount

b	Lobbying ceiling amount (150% of line 2a, column(e))

c	Total lobbying expenditures

d	Grassroots nontaxable amount

e	Grassroots ceiling amount (150% of line 2d, column (e))

f	Grassroots lobbying expenditures

Schedule C (Form 990) 2024

Page 3

Part II-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(3) and has NOT filed Form 5768 (election under section 501(h)).

For each "Yes" response on lines 1a through 1i below, provide in Part IV a detailed description of the lobbying activity.

(a)

Yes

(b)

Amount

During the year, did the filing organization attempt to influence foreign, national, state or local legislation, including any attempt to influence public opinion on a legislative matter or referendum, through the use of:

Volunteers? ...........................................................................................................

Paid staff or management (include compensation in expenses reported on lines 1c through 1i)? ........

Yes

Media advertisements? ...................................................................................................

Yes

3,942

Mailings to members, legislators, or the public? .............................................................................

Publications, or published or broadcast statements? ...........................................................

Grants to other organizations for lobbying purposes? ..........................................................

Yes

6,345,825

Direct contact with legislators, their staffs, government officials, or a legislative body? .......................

Yes

133,950

Rallies, demonstrations, seminars, conventions, speeches, lectures, or any similar means? ..................

Other activities? ...................................................................................................................

Yes

45,907

Total. Add lines 1c through 1i ....................................................................................................

6,529,624

Did the activities in line 1 cause the organization to be not described in section 501(c)(3)? .....

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred under section 4912 ...........................................

If "Yes," enter the amount of any tax incurred by organization managers under section 4912 ...................

If the filing organization incurred a section 4912 tax, did it file Form 4720 for this year? ........................

Part III-A

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6).

Yes

Were substantially all (90% or more) dues received nondeductible by members? ...............................................

Did the organization make only in-house lobbying expenditures of $2,000 or less? ............................................

Did the organization agree to carry over lobbying and political expenditures from the prior year? .................................

Part III-B

Complete if the organization is exempt under section 501(c)(4), section 501(c)(5), or section 501(c)(6) and if either (a) BOTH Part III-A, lines 1 and 2, are answered "No" OR (b) Part III-A, line 3, is answered “Yes."

Dues, assessments and similar amounts from members ......................................................................

Section 162(e) nondeductible lobbying and political expenditures (do not include amounts of political expenses for which the section 527(f) tax was paid).

Current year .............................................................................................................................

Carryover from last year ............................................................................................................

Total ...........................................................................................................................................

Aggregate amount reported in section 6033(e)(1)(A) notices of nondeductible section 162(e) dues .

If notices were sent and the amount on line 2c exceeds the amount on line 3, what portion of the excess does the organization agree to carryover to the reasonable estimate of nondeductible lobbying and political expenditure next year? ......................................................................................................................

Taxable amount of lobbying and political expenditures. See Instructions .........................................

Part IV

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part l-A, line 1; Part l-B, line 4; Part l-C, line 5; Part II-A (affiliated group list); Part II-A, lines 1 and 2 (see instructions), and Part ll-B, line 1. Also, complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
Schedule C, Part II-B, Line 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE LOBBYING ACTIVITY	ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED'S (EDF) LOBBYING ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 2025, WHICH ARE LIMITED IN SCOPE AND CONDUCTED TO FURTHER ITS MISSION OF PROTECTING PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND PRESERVING NATURAL SYSTEMS ON WHICH ALL LIFE DEPENDS, ARE HIGHLIGHTED BELOW: SCOPE AND SPENDING: -EDF SPENT $6,529,624 ON LOBBYING ACTIVITIES IN FY2025 WHICH COMPRISES 1.8% OF ITS TOTAL EXPENDITURES, INCLUDING SUPPORT FOR THE LOBBYING ACTIVITIES OF ITS ADVOCACY PARTNER, EDF ACTION. PURPOSE AND CONSISTENCY: -ALL LOBBYING ACTIVITIES ARE CONSISTENT WITH EDF'S TAX-EXEMPT PURPOSE AND FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH. MAJOR FOCUS AREAS: -CLEAN AIR AND CLEAN VEHICLES IN CALIFORNIA: * EDF SUPPORT FOR CALIFORNIA'S AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS. CLEAN AIR, CLEAN VEHICLES IN RESPONSE TO LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTIONS. GOVERNOR NEWSOM ISSUED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER REAFFIRMING CALIFORNIA'S COMMITMENT TO CLEAN AIR AND CLEAN CARS AND TRUCKS. -PUBLIC HEALTH AND POWER PLANTS POLLUTION REDUCTION: EDF ADVOCATED FOR REFORMS TO ACCELERATE THE TRANSITION FROM AGING, HIGH EMITTING POWER PLANTS TO CLEAN AFFORDABLE ENERGY THROUGH GRID MODERNIZATION, TRANSMISSION BUILDOUT, AND EXPANSION OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION. EDF SUPPORTED STATE AND FEDERAL REFORMS TO STREAMLINE PERMITTING FOR NEW PROJECTS WHILE PRESERVING ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND COMMUNITY PROTECTIONS. AN EXAMPLE IS THE PASSAGE OF CALIFORNIA ASSEMBLY BILLS 825 AND 1207. -PUBLIC HEALTH AND REDUCING POLLUTION FROM OIL & GAS SOURCES: EDF SUPPORTED TEXAS LEGISLATION THAT SETS DEADLINES TO REVIVE OR PLUG LONG-INACTIVE OIL AND GAS WELLS, WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TOWARDS REDUCING POLLUTION FROM ROUGHLY 115,000 INACTIVE WELLS STATEWIDE. -SUPPORT FOR EDF ACTION: EDF'S LARGEST LOBBYING EXPENDITURE WAS A $6.2 MILLION GRANT TO EDF ACTION, ITS AFFILIATED 501(C)(4) ADVOCACY ORGANIZATION, FOR SUPPORT OF LOBBYING ACTIVITIES. EDF ACTION IS RESTRICTED FROM USING THESE FUNDS FOR POLITICAL CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES. EDF'S LOBBYING ACTIVITIES IN FY2025 WERE MISSION-DRIVEN, AND FOCUSED ON ADVANCING PUBLIC HEALTH, CLEAN AIR, CLEAN VEHICLE STANDARDS, CLEAN AFFORDABLE ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS. THE ACTIVITIES WERE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS AND INCLUDED SIGNIFICANT SUPPORT FOR ITS ADVOCACY PARTNER, EDF ACTION.

Return Reference

Explanation

Schedule C, Part II-B, Line 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE LOBBYING ACTIVITY

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED'S (EDF) LOBBYING ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR 2025, WHICH ARE LIMITED IN SCOPE AND CONDUCTED TO FURTHER ITS MISSION OF PROTECTING PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND PRESERVING NATURAL SYSTEMS ON WHICH ALL LIFE DEPENDS, ARE HIGHLIGHTED BELOW: SCOPE AND SPENDING: -EDF SPENT $6,529,624 ON LOBBYING ACTIVITIES IN FY2025 WHICH COMPRISES 1.8% OF ITS TOTAL EXPENDITURES, INCLUDING SUPPORT FOR THE LOBBYING ACTIVITIES OF ITS ADVOCACY PARTNER, EDF ACTION. PURPOSE AND CONSISTENCY: -ALL LOBBYING ACTIVITIES ARE CONSISTENT WITH EDF'S TAX-EXEMPT PURPOSE AND FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH. MAJOR FOCUS AREAS: -CLEAN AIR AND CLEAN VEHICLES IN CALIFORNIA: * EDF SUPPORT FOR CALIFORNIA'S AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS. CLEAN AIR, CLEAN VEHICLES IN RESPONSE TO LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTIONS. *GOVERNOR NEWSOM ISSUED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER REAFFIRMING CALIFORNIA'S COMMITMENT TO CLEAN AIR AND CLEAN CARS AND TRUCKS. -PUBLIC HEALTH AND POWER PLANTS POLLUTION REDUCTION: *EDF ADVOCATED FOR REFORMS TO ACCELERATE THE TRANSITION FROM AGING, HIGH EMITTING POWER PLANTS TO CLEAN AFFORDABLE ENERGY THROUGH GRID MODERNIZATION, TRANSMISSION BUILDOUT, AND EXPANSION OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION. *EDF SUPPORTED STATE AND FEDERAL REFORMS TO STREAMLINE PERMITTING FOR NEW PROJECTS WHILE PRESERVING ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND COMMUNITY PROTECTIONS. AN EXAMPLE IS THE PASSAGE OF CALIFORNIA ASSEMBLY BILLS 825 AND 1207. -PUBLIC HEALTH AND REDUCING POLLUTION FROM OIL & GAS SOURCES: *EDF SUPPORTED TEXAS LEGISLATION THAT SETS DEADLINES TO REVIVE OR PLUG LONG-INACTIVE OIL AND GAS WELLS, WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TOWARDS REDUCING POLLUTION FROM ROUGHLY 115,000 INACTIVE WELLS STATEWIDE. -SUPPORT FOR EDF ACTION: *EDF'S LARGEST LOBBYING EXPENDITURE WAS A $6.2 MILLION GRANT TO EDF ACTION, ITS AFFILIATED 501(C)(4) ADVOCACY ORGANIZATION, FOR SUPPORT OF LOBBYING ACTIVITIES. EDF ACTION IS RESTRICTED FROM USING THESE FUNDS FOR POLITICAL CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES. *EDF'S LOBBYING ACTIVITIES IN FY2025 WERE MISSION-DRIVEN, AND FOCUSED ON ADVANCING PUBLIC HEALTH, CLEAN AIR, CLEAN VEHICLE STANDARDS, CLEAN AFFORDABLE ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS. THE ACTIVITIES WERE CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS AND INCLUDED SIGNIFICANT SUPPORT FOR ITS ADVOCACY PARTNER, EDF ACTION.

Schedule C (Form 990) 2024

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

- TIN:

SCHEDULE D
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Financial Statements

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," on Form 990,
Part IV, line 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 12a, or 12b.
right arrow

Attach to Form 990.
right arrow

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number

11-6107128

Part I

Organizations Maintaining Donor Advised Funds or Other Similar Funds or Accounts. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 6.

		(a) Donor advised funds	(b) Funds and other accounts
1	Total number at end of year .........
2	Aggregate value of contributions to (during year)
3	Aggregate value of grants from (during year)
4	Aggregate value at end of year ........

Did the organization inform all donors and donor advisors in writing that the assets held in donor advised funds are the organization’s property, subject to the organization’s exclusive legal control? ............

Yes No

Did the organization inform all grantees, donors, and donor advisors in writing that grant funds can be used only for charitable purposes and not for the benefit of the donor or donor advisor, or for any other purpose conferring impermissible private benefit? ...................................

Yes No

Part II

Conservation Easements.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 7.

Purpose(s) of conservation easements held by the organization (check all that apply).

Preservation of land for public use (e.g., recreation or education) Preservation of an historically important land area

Protection of natural habitat Preservation of a certified historic structure

Preservation of open space

Complete lines 2a through 2d if the organization held a qualified conservation contribution in the form of a conservation easement on the last day of the tax year.


a	Total number of conservation easements ......................	2a
b	Total acreage restricted by conservation easements ....................	2b
c	Number of conservation easements on a certified historic structure included in (a) .....	2c
d	Number of conservation easements included in (c) acquired after July 25, 2006, and not on a historic structure listed in the National Register ...	2d

Number of conservation easements modified, transferred, released, extinguished, or terminated by the organization during the
tax year right arrow

Number of states where property subject to conservation easement is located right arrow

Does the organization have a written policy regarding the periodic monitoring, inspection, handling of violations, and enforcement of the conservation easements it holds? ............

Yes No

Staff and volunteer hours devoted to monitoring, inspecting, handling of violations, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
right arrow

Amount of expenses incurred in monitoring, inspecting, handling of violations, and enforcing conservation easements during the year
right arrow

Does each conservation easement reported on line 2(d) above satisfy the requirements of section 170(h)(4)(B)(i) and section 170(h)(4)(B)(ii)? .............................

Yes No

In Part XIII, describe how the organization reports conservation easements in its revenue and expense statement, and
balance sheet, and include, if applicable, the text of the footnote to the organization’s financial statements that describes
the organization’s accounting for conservation easements.

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 8.

If the organization elected, as permitted under FASB ASC 958, not to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide, in Part XIII, the text of the footnote to its financial statements that describes these items.

If the organization elected, as permitted under FASB ASC 958, to report in its revenue statement and balance sheet works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets held for public exhibition, education, or research in furtherance of public service, provide the following amounts relating to these items:

(i)

Revenue included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 ......................... right arrow

(ii)

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... right arrow

If the organization received or held works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets for financial gain, provide the
following amounts required to be reported under FASB ASC 958 relating to these items:

Revenue included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1 .......................... right arrow

Assets included in Form 990, Part X ............................... right arrow

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 52283D

Schedule D (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 2

Part III

Organizations Maintaining Collections of Art, Historical Treasures, or Other Similar Assets (continued)

Using the organization’s acquisition, accession, and other records, check any of the following that are a significant use of its collection items (check all that apply):

Public exhibition

Loan or exchange programs

Scholarly research

Other

Preservation for future generations

Provide a description of the organization’s collections and explain how they further the organization’s exempt purpose in
Part XIII.

During the year, did the organization solicit or receive donations of art, historical treasures or other similar
assets to be sold to raise funds rather than to be maintained as part of the organization’s collection?...

Yes No

Part IV

Escrow and Custodial Arrangements. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 9, or reported an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21.

Is the organization an agent, trustee, custodian or other intermediary for contributions or other assets not
included on Form 990, Part X? ....................................

Yes No


b	If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII and complete the following table:		Amount
c	Beginning balance .............................	1c
d	Additions during the year ............................	1d
e	Distributions during the year ..........................	1e
f	Ending balance ................................	1f

Did the organization include an amount on Form 990, Part X, line 21, for escrow or custodial account liability? ...

Yes No

If "Yes," explain the arrangement in Part XIII. Check here if the explanation has been provided in Part XIII ....

Part V

Endowment Funds.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 10.

		(a) Current year	(b) Prior year	(c) Two years back	(d) Three years back	(e) Four years back

1a	Beginning of year balance ....	20,814,376	16,829,140	15,066,407	16,716,594	13,900,345
b	Contributions ...	28,652	357,588	416,080	1,756,570	114,140
c	Net investment earnings, gains, and losses	830,019	4,022,987	1,961,223	-3,406,757	3,358,640
d	Grants or scholarships ...
e	Other expenditures for facilities and programs ...	474,080	395,339	614,570	0	656,531
f	Administrative expenses ....
g	End of year balance ......	21,198,967	20,814,376	16,829,140	15,066,407	16,716,594

Provide the estimated percentage of the current year end balance (line 1g, column (a)) held as:

Board designated or quasi-endowment right arrow

0 %

Permanent endowment right arrow

48.13 %

Term endowment right arrow

51.87 %

The percentages on lines 2a, 2b, and 2c should equal 100%.

Are there endowment funds not in the possession of the organization that are held and administered for the
organization by:

Yes

(i) Unrelated organizations .................

3a(i)

(ii) Related organizations .................

3a(ii)

If "Yes" on 3a(ii), are the related organizations listed as required on Schedule R? .........

Describe in Part XIII the intended uses of the organization's endowment funds.

Part VI

Land, Buildings, and Equipment.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 11a. See Form 990, Part X, line 10.

Description of property		(a) Cost or other basis (investment)	(b) Cost or other basis (other)	(c) Accumulated depreciation	(d) Book value

1a	Land .....
b	Buildings ....	393,319	147,495	245,824
c	Leasehold improvements	16,976,073	15,233,793	1,742,280
d	Equipment ....	4,605,750	3,309,128	1,296,622
e	Other .....	7,140,065	2,722,669	4,417,396
Total. Add lines 1a through 1e. (Column (d) must equal Form 990, Part X, column (B), line 10(c).)..				7,702,122

Schedule D (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 3

Part VII

Investments - Other Securities.
Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 11b. See Form 990, Part X, line 12.

(a) Description of security or category (including name of security)	(b) Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value
(1) Financial derivatives.........
(2) Closely-held equity interests........
(3)Other
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col. (B) line 12.)

Part VIII

Investments - Program Related. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11c. See Form 990, Part X, line 13.

(a) Description of investment	(b) Book value	(c) Method of valuation: Cost or end-of-year market value

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 13.)

Part IX

Other Assets.
Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11d. See Form 990, Part X, line 15.

(a) Description				(b) Book value
(1)iNTERCOMPANY RECEIVABLES				60,143,462
(2)RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS-OPERATING				40,828,167
(3)PENSION PLAN ASSETS				8,260,701
(4)SECURITY DEPOSITS				1,951,616
(5)OTHER ASSETS				5,157,081
(6)RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS-FINANCE
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 15.)...........				116,341,027

Part X

Other Liabilities.
Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 11e or 11f. See Form 990, Part X, line 25.

1.(a) Description of liability	(b) Book value
(1) Federal income taxes
Federal Income Taxes
INTERCOMPANY PAYABLE	54,919,654
OPERATING LEASES	47,428,481
PENSION PLAN LIABILITY	8,260,701
ANNUITIES PAYABLE	6,984,742
SECURITY DEPOSITS PAYABLE	114,215
OTHER LIABILITIES	54,547
FINANCIAL LEASES

Total. (Column (b) must equal Form 990, Part X, col.(B) line 25.)	117,762,340
2. Liability for uncertain tax positions. In Part XIII, provide the text of the footnote to the organization's financial statements that reports the organization's liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC 740). Check here if the text of the footnote has been provided in Part XIII

Schedule D (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 4

Part XI Reconciliation of Revenue per Audited Financial Statements With Revenue per Return. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total revenue, gains, and other support per audited financial statements .......			1	465,599,088
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12:
a	Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments ....	2a	728,466
b	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2b	2,371,009
c	Recoveries of prior year grants ...........	2c
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ...........	2d	19,231,841
e	Add lines 2a through 2d .....................			2e	22,331,316
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1..................			3	443,267,772
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 12, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b .	4a
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ...........	4b	0
c	Add lines 4a and 4b....................			4c	0
5	Total revenue. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 12.) ......			5	443,267,772

Part XII Reconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Statements With Expenses per Return. Complete if the organization answered 'Yes' on Form 990, Part IV, line 12a.
1	Total expenses and losses per audited financial statements ...........			1	378,698,291
2	Amounts included on line 1 but not on Form 990, Part IX, line 25:
a	Donated services and use of facilities .........	2a	2,371,009
b	Prior year adjustments ............	2b
c	Other losses ................	2c
d	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ...........	2d	19,575,332
e	Add lines 2a through 2d....................			2e	21,946,341
3	Subtract line 2e from line 1...................			3	356,751,950
4	Amounts included on Form 990, Part IX, line 25, but not on line 1:
a	Investment expenses not included on Form 990, Part VIII, line 7b ..	4a
b	Other (Describe in Part XIII.) ...........	4b	0
c	Add lines 4a and 4b.....................			4c	0
5	Total expenses. Add lines 3 and 4c. (This must equal Form 990, Part I, line 18.) ......			5	356,751,950

Part XIII

Supplemental Information

Provide the descriptions required for Part II, lines 3, 5, and 9; Part III, lines 1a and 4; Part lV, lines 1b and 2b; Part V, line 4; Part X, line 2; Part XI, lines 2d and 4b; and Part XII, lines 2d and 4b. Also complete this part to provide any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
Schedule D, Part V, Line 4 Intended uses of endowment funds	EDF'S ENDOWMENT CONSISTS OF NUMEROUS FUNDS, ESTABLISHED FOR A VARIETY OF PURPOSES AND CONSISTING ENTIRELY OF DONOR-RESTRICTED FUNDS. EDF HAS ADOPTED INVESTMENT AND SPENDING POLICIES FOR ENDOWMENT ASSETS THAT ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE A PREDICTABLE STREAM OF FUNDING FOR PROGRAMS SUPPORTED BY ITS ENDOWMENT WHILE SEEKING TO MAINTAIN THE PURCHASING POWER OF THE ENDOWMENT ASSETS. UNDER THIS POLICY, AS APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, THE ENDOWMENT ASSETS ARE INVESTED WITH A FOCUS ON EARNING MARKET RETURNS OR BETTER WHILE ASSUMING A MODERATE LEVEL OF INVESTMENT RISK.
Schedule D, Part X, Line 2 FIN 48 (ASC 740) footnote	IN ACCORDANCE WITH GAAP, EDF MUST RECOGNIZE A TAX LIABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH TAX POSITIONS TAKEN FOR TAX RETURN PURPOSES WHEN IT IS MORE LIKELY THAN NOT THAT THE POSITION WILL NOT BE SUSTAINED UPON EXAMINATION BY A TAXING AUTHORITY. EDF DOES NOT BELIEVE THAT IT HAS TAKEN ANY MATERIAL UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS AND, ACCORDINGLY, IT HAS NOT RECORDED ANY LIABILITY FOR UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS.
Schedule D, Part XI, Line 2(d) Other revenues in audited financial statements not in form 990	FOREIGN EXCHANGE LOSS - -343491 INTERCOMPANY CONTRIBUTIONS ELIMINATED IN CONSOLIDATION - 19575332
Schedule D, Part XII, Line 2(d) Other expenses in audited financial statements not in form 990	INTERCOMPANY CONTRIBUTIONS ELIMINATED IN CONSOLIDATION - 19575332

Schedule D (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

- TIN:

SCHEDULE F(Form 990)
(Rev. January 2025)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Statement of Activities Outside the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" to Form 990, Part IV, line 14b, 15, or 16. Right arrow

Attach to Form 990. Right arrow

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization
ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number

11-6107128

Part I

General Information on Activities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 14b.

For grantmakers. Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of its grants and

other assistance, the grantees’ eligibility for the grants or assistance, and the selection criteria used

to award the grants or assistance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes

For grantmakers. Describe in Part V the organization’s procedures for monitoring the use of its grants and other assistance outside the United States.

Activites per Region. (The following Part I, line 3 table can be duplicated if additional space is needed.)

(a) Region		(b) Number of offices in the region	(c) Number of employees, agents, and independent contractors in the region	(d) Activities conducted in region (by type) (such as, fundraising, program services, investments, grants to recipients located in the region)	(f) Total expenditures for and investments in the region
	North America (Canada & Mexico only)	1	28	Grantmaking	676,887
	Central America and the Caribbean	0	2	Grantmaking	75,900
	Sub-Saharan Africa	0	0	Grantmaking	729,718
	Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	1	53	Grantmaking	2,255,381
	South America	0	1	Grantmaking	2,894,141
	East Asia and the Pacific	2	69	Grantmaking	933,293
	South Asia	0	9	Grantmaking	2,107,874










3a	Sub-total ....	4	162		9,673,194
b	Total from continuation sheets to Part I ...	0	0		0
c	Totals (add lines 3a and 3b)	4	162		9,673,194

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.Cat. No. 50082W Schedule F (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Schedule F (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 2

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations or Entities Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 15, for any recipient who received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(c) Region	(d) Purpose of grant	(e) Amount of cash grant	(f) Manner of cash disbursement
Central America and the Caribbean	RECREATIONAL FISHING	14,900	WIRE
Central America and the Caribbean	FORESTS	51,000	WIRE
Central America and the Caribbean	CLEAN ENERGY	10,000	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	Oil & Gas Pollution	10,000	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	methane	75,718	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	methane	88,750	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	Oil & Gas Pollution	160,000	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	COMMUNICATIONS	89,596	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	FORESTS	43,875	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	Corporate Engagement	240,000	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	Oil & Gas Pollution	10,000	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	Forests	12,354	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	Mission Communications	43,000	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	Oil & Gas Pollution	70,000	WIRE
East Asia and the Pacific	Oil & Gas Pollution	90,000	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Corporate Engagement	50,000	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	methane	50,000	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Justice and Equity	42,545	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Methane	24,000	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	FORESTS	10,078	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Safer Food	35,000	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	CLEAN ENERGY	7,000	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Corporate Engagement	67,482	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	methane	28,500	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	CLEAN ENERGY	63,250	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Corporate Engagement	140,000	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Oil & Gas Pollution	76,985	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Science & Innovation	10,000	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	METHANE	25,000	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Methane	603,901	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	METHANE	16,000	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Agricultural Soils	299,835	WIRE
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Fisheries & Oceans	705,805	WIRE
North America (Canada & Mexico only)	methane	41,887	WIRE
North America (Canada & Mexico only)	CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT	15,000	WIRE
North America (Canada & Mexico only)	Fisheries	45,000	WIRE
North America (Canada & Mexico only)	methane	7,000	WIRE
North America (Canada & Mexico only)	FORESTS	470,000	WIRE
North America (Canada & Mexico only)	Clean Air	19,000	WIRE
North America (Canada & Mexico only)	Orphan Wells	79,000	WIRE
South America	Forests	5,500	WIRE
South America	Forests	19,064	WIRE
South America	Forests	84,991	WIRE
South America	Forests	21,780	WIRE
South America	Clean Air Science	16,059	WIRE
South America	FORESTS	158,407	WIRE
South America	FORESTS	150,000	WIRE
South America	FORESTS	700,000	WIRE
South America	FORESTS	100,000	WIRE
South America	FORESTS	1,492,340	WIRE
South America	FORESTS	60,000	WIRE
South America	Fisheries & Oceans	86,000	WIRE
South Asia	METHANE	44,233	WIRE
South Asia	Fisheries & Oceans	45,000	WIRE
South Asia	Region India	452,216	WIRE
South Asia	Net Zero	57,500	WIRE
South Asia	CLEAN ENERGY	35,000	WIRE
South Asia	SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE	34,184	WIRE
South Asia	CLEAN ENERGY	10,000	WIRE
South Asia	Water Systems	247,000	WIRE
South Asia	Climate Corps	203,492	WIRE
South Asia	FORESTS	40,537	WIRE
South Asia	SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE	38,340	WIRE
South Asia	SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE	99,462	WIRE
South Asia	SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE	138,897	WIRE
South Asia	METHANE	180,000	WIRE
South Asia	Low Carbon Rural Development	447,614	WIRE
South Asia	Fisheries & Oceans	24,400	WIRE
South Asia	Toxics	10,000	WIRE
Sub-Saharan Africa	FORESTS	40,000	WIRE
Sub-Saharan Africa	METHANE	612,666	WIRE
Sub-Saharan Africa	Forests	77,051	WIRE

2	Enter total number of recipient organizations listed above that are recognized as charities by the foreign country, recognized as tax-exempt by the IRS, or for which the grantee or counsel has provided a section 501(c)(3) equivalency letter .......	72
3	Enter total number of other organizations or entities .......................	0

Schedule F (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Schedule F (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)Page 3

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Individuals Outside the United States. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 16.

Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Type of grant or assistance		(b) Region	(c) Number of recipients	(d) Amount of cash grant	(e) Manner of cash disbursement	(f) Amount of noncash assistance	(g) Description of noncash assistance	(h) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)

Schedule F (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 4

Part IV

Foreign Forms

Schedule F (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 5

Part V

Supplemental Information
Provide the information required by Part I, line 2 (monitoring of funds); Part I, line 3, column (f) (accounting method; amounts of investments vs. expenditures per region); Part II, line 1 (accounting method); Part III (accounting method); and Part III, column (c) (estimated number of recipients), as applicable. Also complete this part to provide any additional information. See instructions.

ReturnReference	Explanation
Schedule F, Part I, Line 2 Procedures for monitoring use of grant funds	EDF PROVIDES GRANTS TO OTHER ORGANIZATIONS THAT PERFORM ALIGNED WORK TO ADVANCE THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS. EDF MONITORS THE PERFORMANCE OF THE GRANT RECIPIENTS BY WRITTEN REPORTS, SITE VISITS, OR PERIODIC VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS AND CORRESPONDENCE. THE GRANT MONITORING PROCESS ALSO MAY INCLUDE ISSUING GRANT INSTALLMENTS AFTER MILESTONES AND OBJECTIVES ARE MET AND REQUIRING A FINAL REPORT.
Schedule F, Part I, Line 3 Method used to account for expenditures on org's financial statements	CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN-Accrual; EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-Accrual; EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND AND GREENLAND)-Accrual; NORTH AMERICA (CANADA & MEXICO ONLY)-Accrual; SOUTH AMERICA-Accrual; SOUTH ASIA-Accrual; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA-Accrual

Schedule F (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

- TIN:

SCHEDULE G (Form 990)
(Rev. January 2025)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information Regarding
Fundraising or Gaming Activities

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 17, 18, or 19, or if the organization entered more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a. right arrow

Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ.
right arrow

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization
ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number

11-6107128

Part I

Fundraising Activities.Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 17.

Form 990-EZ filers are not required to complete this part.

Indicate whether the organization raised funds through any of the following activities. Check all that apply.

a	Mail solicitations	e	Solicitation of non-government grants
b	Internet and email solicitations	f	Solicitation of government grants
c	Phone solicitations	g	Special fundraising events
d	In-person solicitations

Did the organization have a written or oral agreement with any individual (including officers, directors, trustees

or key employees listed in Form 990, Part VII) or entity in connection with professional fundraising services?

YesNo

If "Yes," list the 10 highest paid individuals or entities (fundraisers) pursuant to agreements under which the fundraiser is
to be compensated at least $5,000 by the organization.

(i) Name and address of individual or entity (fundraiser)		(ii) Activity	(iii) Did fundraiser have custody or control of contributions?		(iv) Gross receipts from activity	(v) Amount paid to (or retained by) fundraiser listed in col. (i)	(vi) Amount paid to (or retained by) organization
			Yes	No
	Telefund Inc PO BOX 120557 BOSTON, MA02112	Appeals, Reinstates, Direct-to-Donor Acquisition, Activist Conversion, Sustainer Invites		No	63,491	28,217	35,274









Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .					63,491	28,217	35,274

List all states in which the organization is registered or licensed to solicit contributions or has been notified it is exempt from registration or licensing.

CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, GA, AL, HI, IL, KS, KY, LA, ME, AK, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, UT, VA, AR, WA, WV, WI

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 50083H

Schedule G (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 2

Part II

Fundraising Events. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 18, or reported more than $15,000 of fundraising event contributions and gross income on Form 990-EZ, lines 1 and 6b. List events with gross receipts greater than $5,000.

		(a) Event #1 (event type)	(b) Event #2 (event type)	(c) Other events (total number)	(d) Total events (add col. (a) through col. (c))
1	Gross receipts . . . . .
2	Less: Contributions . . . .
3	Gross income (line 1 minus line 2) . . . . . .

4	Cash prizes . . . . .
5	Noncash prizes . . . .
6	Rent/facility costs . . . .
7	Food and beverages . . .
8	Entertainment . . . .
9	Other direct expenses . . .
10	Direct expense summary. Add lines 4 through 9 in column (d) . . . . . . . . . .
11	Net income summary. Subtract line 10 from line 3, column (d). . . . . . . . . .

Part III

Gaming. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 19, or reported more than $15,000 on Form 990-EZ, line 6a.

		(a) Bingo	(b) Pull tabs/Instant bingo/progressive bingo	(c) Other gaming	(d) Total gaming (add col.(a) through col.(c))
1	Gross revenue . . . . .

2	Cash prizes . . . . .
3	Noncash prizes . . . .
4	Rent/facility costs . . . .
5	Other direct expenses . . .

Volunteer labor . . . .

	Yes %
	No

	Yes %
	No

	Yes %
	No

Direct expense summary. Add lines 2 through 5 in column (d) . . . . . . . . . . right arrow

Net gaming income summary. Subtract line 7 from line 1, column (d). . . . . . . . . right arrow

Enter the state(s) in which the organization conducts gaming activities:

Is the organization licensed to conduct gaming activities in each of these states? . . . . . . . .

YesNo

If "No," explain:

10a

Were any of the organization's gaming licenses revoked, suspended or terminated during the tax year? . . .

YesNo

If "Yes," explain:

Schedule G (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 3

Does the organization conduct gaming activities with nonmembers? . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Is the organization a grantor, beneficiary or trustee of a trust or a member of a partnership or other entity

formed to administer charitable gaming? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Indicate the percentage of gaming activity conducted in:

The organization's facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13a

An outside facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13b

Enter the name and address of the person who prepares the organization's gaming/special events books and records:

Name

Address

15a

Does the organization have a contract with a third party from whom the organization receives gaming

revenue? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

If "Yes," enter the amount of gaming revenue received by the organization right arrow

$ and the

amount of gaming revenue retained by the third party right arrow

$ .

If "Yes," enter name and address of the third party:

Name

Address

Gaming manager information:

Name

Gaming manager compensation right arrow

Description of services provided right arrow

Director/officer Employee Independent contractor

Mandatory distributions:

Is the organization required under state law to make charitable distributions from the gaming proceeds to

retain the state gaming license? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

YesNo

Enter the amount of distributions required under state law distributed to other exempt organizations or spent

in the organization's own exempt activities during the tax year right arrow

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the explanations required by Part I, line 2b, columns (iii) and (v); and Part III, lines 9, 9b, 10b, 15b, 15c, 16, and 17b, as applicable. Also provide any additional information. See instructions.

Return Reference	Explanation

Schedule G (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

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Note: To capture the full content of this document, please select landscape mode (11" x 8.5") when printing.

Schedule I
(Form 990)
(Rev. January 2025)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations,
Governments and Individuals in the United States

Complete if the organization answered "Yes," on Form 990, Part IV, line 21 or 22.
lBullet

Attach to Form 990.
lBullet

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization
ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number
11-6107128

Part I

General Information on Grants and Assistance

Does the organization maintain records to substantiate the amount of the grants or assistance, the grantees' eligibility for the grants or assistance, and
the selection criteria used to award the grants or assistance? ........................

Yes No

Describe in Part IV the organization's procedures for monitoring the use of grant funds in the United States.

Part II

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Organizations and Domestic Governments. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 21, for any recipient

that received more than $5,000. Part II can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Name and address of organization or government	(b) EIN	(c) IRC section (if applicable)	(d) Amount of cash grant	(h) Purpose of grant or assistance
(1) AFRICAN AMERICAN MAYORS ASSOC 660 N CAPITOL ST WASHINGTON,DC20001	46-5593933	501(C)(3)	132,500	BUILD TO ZERO
(2) AMERICAN ASSN OF PORT AUTHORITIES INC 1201 MARYLAND AVE WASHINGTON,DC20024	53-0193338	501(C)(6)	25,000	STATE AFFAIRS
(3) AMERICAN ASSOC FOR THE Advancem OF SCI 1200 NEW YORK AVE NW WASHINGTON,DC20005	53-0196568	501(C)(3)	50,000	ORPHAN WELLS
(4) APPALACHIAN VOICES 164 S DEPOT ST BOONE,NC28607	56-2049956	501(C)(3)	15,000	COASTAL RESILIENCE
(5) ARIZONA FORWARD ASSOCIATION 3800 N CENTRAL AVE PHOENIX,AZ85012	23-7154678	501(C)(3)	35,000	STATE AFFAIRS
(6) ASIAN AMER HEALTH COAL OF THE G HOUST 13930 BELLAIRE BLVD HOUSTON,TX77083	31-1756818	501(C)(3)	10,000	CLEAN AIR
(7) BAHAMAS SPORTFISHING & CONS CORP 920 S MAIN STSTE100 GRAPEVINE,TX760517517	20-0529674	501(C)(3)	20,000	CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT
(8) BLACK PROFESSIONALS IN FOOD & AGRI 5238 STRAM BANK LANE GREENBELT,MD20770	86-2766961	501(C)(6)	10,000	AG POLICY
(9) BLACK SUSTAINABILITY INC 1403 DOWNS DRIVESE ATLANTA,GA30311	85-3364819	501(C)(3)	10,000	US COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
(10) BREATHE UTAH PO BOX 1443 SANDY,UT840911443	27-2111061	501(C)(3)	15,000	METHANE
(11) BUSINESS COUNC FOR SUSTAIN ENERGY FDN 805 15TH ST WASHINGTON,DC20005	32-0491333	501(C)(3)	63,636	STATE AFFAIRS
(12) CARIBBEAN AGROECOLOGY INSTITUTE INC PO BOX 8655 BURLINGTON,VT05402	20-2474069	501(C)(3)	2,000	JUSTICE AND EQUITY
(13) CENTER FOR CIVIC POLICY 344 4TH ST SW ALBUQUERQUE,NM87102	01-0869701	501(C)(3)	10,000	METHANE
(14) CERES INC 99 CHAUNCY STREET 6TH FLOOR BOSTON,MA021111703	22-3053747	501(C)(3)	205,000	METHANE
(15) CHILDHOOD LEAD ACTION PROJECT 1192 WESTMINSTER ST PROVIDENCE,RI02909	22-3179528	501(C)(3)	10,000	LEAD
(16) CITY OF SEATTLE 700 5TH AVENUE SUITE 1868 SEATTLE,WA98104	91-6001275		18,480	CLIMATE CORPS
(17) CLEAN AIR COUNCIL 1617 JFK BOULEVARD SUITE 1130 PHILADELPHIA,PA19103	23-1683461	501(C)(3)	27,500	METHANE
(18) CLEAN WATER FUND 1444 EYE STREET NW SUITE 400 WASHINGTON,DC20005	52-1043444	501(C)(3)	7,500	TRUCKS
(19) CLIMATE LEADERSHIP COUNCIL INC 1500 K STREET NW STE 850 WASHINGTON,DC20005	81-3115310	501(C)(3)	10,000	DECARBONIZING POWER
(20) COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY 555 S HOWES ST FORT COLLINS,CO805236003	84-6000545	501(C)(3)	57,646	AGRICULTURAL SOILS
(21) COMMUNITY COLLEGE PARTNERS PROGRAM C/O MICHAEL BURNS 313 GALAHAD CT MCDONOUGH,GA30252	85-0494865	501(C)(3)	70,000	JUSTICE AND EQUITY
(22) COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT ASSOCIATION 3634 FRAZIER ST PITTSBURGH,PA15213	82-2432010	501(C)(3)	5,500	CLEAN AIR SCIENCE
(23) CONCORDIA SUMMIT INC 134 EAST 40TH STREET 5TH FLOOR NEW YORK,NY10016	27-5121564	501(C)(3)	50,000	PUBLIC AFFAIRS
(24) CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS POLITICAL EDUCATION AND LEADERSHIP INSTITUTE 413 NEW JERSEY AVENUE SE SOUTHEAST WASHINGTON,DC20003	52-2270607	501(C)(4)	10,000	US COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
(25) CONSERVATION CATALYST INC 3755 WEST DRISCOL LANE TUCSON,AZ85745	90-0402429	501(C)(3)	20,000	WATER SYSTEMS
(26) CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION 2011 CRYSTAL DRIVE SUITE 600 ARLINGTON,VA22202	52-1497470	501(C)(3)	40,000	FORESTS
(27) CORNELL UNIVERSITY 377 PINE TREE RD ITHACA,NY14850	15-0532082	501(C)(3)	931,793	METHANE
(28) DEEP SOUTH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE C/O BEVERLY WRIGHT6841 LAKE WILLOW DRIVE NEW ORLEANS,LA70126	56-2466977	501(C)(3)	125,000	CLEAN AIR
(29) DEFENSORES DE LA CUENCA 3013 PARK WAY CHEVERY,MD20785	85-1090314	501(C)(3)	20,000	COASTAL RESILIENCE
(30) DAIRY CENTER FOR STRATEGIC INNOVATION AND COLLABORATION DBA INNOVATION CENT ER FOR US DAIRY 10255 WEST HIGGINS ROAD SUITE 900 ROSEMONT,IL60018	26-3918900	501(C)(6)	25,000	METHANE
(31) DINE CITIZENS AGAINST RUINING OUR ENVIRONMENT PO BOX 2548 WINDOW ROCK,AZ86515	86-0670809	501(C)(3)	15,000	METHANE
(32) DREAMORG 1630 SAN PABLO AVENUE 4TH FLOOR OAKLAND,CA94612	26-1140201	501(C)(3)	10,000	LEAD
(33) EMERGING MARKETS INVESTORS ALLIANCE INC 47-4 48TH AVENUE 38F NEW YORK,NY11109	47-3263443	501(C)(3)	220,000	CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT
(34) ENVIRONMENT AMERICA RESEARCH AND POLICY CENTER INC 1543 WAZEE STREET SUITE 410 DENVER,CO80202	13-4339865	501(C)(3)	15,000	METHANE
(35) ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL OF STATES INC 1250 H STREET SUITE 850 WASHINGTON,DC20005	36-3962169	501(C)(6)	23,840	CLEAN AIR
(36) EVANGELICAL ENVIRONMENTAL NETWORK 1086 PEBBLE BROOK DR NOBLESVILLE,IN46062	23-2827214	501(C)(3)	48,200	METHANE
(37) FLORIDA DECIDES HEALTHCARE PO BOX 15415 CORAL GABLES,FL33114	83-4438724	501(C)(4)	50,000	STATE AFFAIRS
(38) FOOD SYSTEM FOR THE FUTURE INSTITUTE 180 N STETSON AVE SUITE 1935 CHICAGO,IL60601	85-0558470	501(C)(3)	50,000	SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
(39) FOUNDATION FOR A BETTER PUERTO RICO INC C/O DENNIS HICKEY PO BOX 938 CULEBRA,PR00775	66-0817772	501(C)(3)	59,438	CARIBBEAN CLEAN ENERGY
(40) FRESHAIR COLLECTIVE INC 3159 N HUMBOLDT BLVD MILWAUKEE,WI53212	93-3024294	501(C)(3)	10,000	US COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
(41) GRAHAM DIGITAL HOLDING LLC DBA FOREIGN POLICY 1750 PENNSYLVANIA AVE NW WASHINGTON,DC20006	85-3394152		50,000	PUBLIC AFFAIRS
(42) GREENLATINOS 1919 14TH STREET 700 BOULDER,CO80302	26-3386082	501(C)(3)	10,000	PARTNERSHIPS
(43) GULF COAST HEALTH CENTER INC 2548 MEMORIAL BLVD PORT ARTHUR,TX77642	76-0289927	501(C)(3)	10,000	CLEAN AIR
(44) HARRISBURG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 326 MARKET STREET HARRISBURG,PA17101	25-1900793	501(C)(3)	11,861	METHANE
(45) HEALTHY GULF 935 GRAVIER STREET SUITE 700 NEW ORLEANS,LA70112	72-1447742	501(C)(3)	62,000	HEALTHY GULF
(46) HISPANIC ACCESS FOUNDATION 1030 15TH STREET NW SUITE B/1 150 WASHINGTON,DC20005	27-2589206	501(C)(3)	22,500	METHANE
(47) HISPANIC BUSINESS STUDENT ASSOCIATION 601 UNIVERSITY DR LBJ STUDENT SAN MARCOS,TX78666	74-6002248	501(C)(3)	21,500	WATER SYSTEMS
(48) HISPANIC FEDERATION INC DORIS GUZMAN 55 EXCHANGE PLACE 5TH FLOOR NEW YORK,NY10005	13-3573852	501(C)(3)	10,000	FEDERAL AFFAIRS
(49) HIV-AIDS ALLIANCE FOR REGION TWO INC 9516 AIRLINE HIGHWAY BATON ROUGE,LA70806	72-1283359	501(C)(3)	10,000	CLEAN AIR
(50) HOUSTON COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS INC DBA VECINO HEALTH CENTERS 424 HAHLO ST HOUSTON,TX77020	76-0622208	501(C)(3)	10,000	CLEAN AIR
(51) INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS INC PO BOX 472 VALLEY CITY,OH44280	45-4244605	501(C)(3)	60,000	CLEAN ENERGY
(52) INTERFAITH CENTER ON CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE SUITE 1842 NEW YORK,NY10227	13-3235906	501(C)(3)	42,500	US METHANE
(53) INTERTRIBAL AGRICULTURE COUNCIL PO BOX 958 BILLINGS,MT59103	36-3886772	501(C)(3)	32,000	AG FINANCE
(54) INVEST IN LOUISIANA 619 JEFFERSON HIGHWAY SUITE 1D BATON ROUGE,LA70806	46-3872778	501(C)(3)	25,000	METHANE
(55) JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 3910 KESWICK ROAD N4327-B BALTIMORE,MD21211	52-0595110	501(C)(3)	34,791	TOXICS
(56) JOHN P MCGOVERN MUSEUM OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL SCIENCE 1515 HERMANN DRIVE HOUSTON,TX77004	74-6106357	501(C)(3)	22,017	YOUTH COUNCIL
(57) KARUK TRIBE 64236 SECOND AVE HAPPY CAMP,CA96039	94-2576572		60,000	WILDFIRE RESILIENCE
(58) LITTLE VILLAGE ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ORGANIZATION 2501 S WHIPPLE AVE CHICAGO,IL60623	36-4259477	501(C)(3)	10,000	LEAD
(59) LOUISIANA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE DBA DAVID ST ETIENNE PRESIDENT COMMERCE 3901 MACARTHUR BLVD NEW ORLEANS,LA70114	83-2128501	501(C)(3)	37,500	METHANE
(60) METROPOLITAN PLANNING COUNCIL 140 S DEARBORN SUITE 1400 CHICAGO,IL60603	36-2382849	501(C)(3)	10,000	LEAD
(61) MI FAMILIA EN ACCION 3030 N CENTRAL AVENUE SUITE 900 PHOENIX,AZ85012	20-0182824	501(C)(3)	25,000	STATE AFFAIRS
(62) MICHIGAN ENVIROMENTAL COUNCIL DBA MICHIGAN CLIMATE ACTION NETWORK (MICAN) 602 W IONIA ST LANSING,MI48933	38-2517980	501(C)(3)	25,000	METHANE
(63) MICHIGAN LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS EDUCATION FUND 340 BEAKES ST SUITE 110 ANN ARBOR,MI48104	37-1430158	501(C)(3)	15,000	METHANE
(64) MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY 426 AUDITORIUM ROAD EAST LANSING,MI488245040	38-6005984	501(C)(3)	108,134	ADAPTATION
(65) MORMON ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP ALLIANCE PO BOX 526082 SALT LAKE CITY,UT84152	46-4032495	501(C)(3)	39,865	METHANE
(66) MOTT HAVEN-PORT MORRIS COMMUNITY LAND STEWARDS 127 LINCOLN AVENUE 2ND FLOOR BRONX,NY104544432	82-4463916	501(C)(3)	60,000	TOXICS
(67) MUJERES DE ISLAS INC C/O RITA SURFACE PO BOX 358 CULEBRA,PR00775	66-0768054	501(C)(3)	45,133	CARIBBEAN CLEAN ENERGY
(68) NAEVA 7906 MENAUL BLVD NE ALBUQUERQUE,NM87110	27-1866733	501(C)(3)	35,000	METHANE
(69) NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS INC 7501 WISCONSIN AVE STE 1100W BETHESDA,MD20814	52-0939952	501(C)(3)	62,662	CLIMATE & HEALTH
(70) NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION 11100 WILDLIFE CENTER DRIVE RESTON,VA201905362	53-0204616	501(C)(3)	61,000	COASTAL RESILIENCE
(71) NATURAL RESOURCES COUNCIL OF MAINE INC 3 WADE STREET AUGUSTA,ME04330	01-0270690	501(C)(3)	90,000	STATE AFFAIRS
(72) NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL INC 40 WEST 20TH STREET NEW YORK,NY10011	13-2654926	501(C)(3)	158,971	FISHERIES & OCEANS
(73) NEW HAMPSHIRE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ASSOCIATION DBA CLEAN ENERGY NH 125 N STATE STREET CONCORD,NH03301	20-1013532	501(C)(3)	18,200	CLIMATE CORPS
(74) NEW MEXICO INTERFAITH POWER AND LIGHT PO BOX 27162 ALBUQUERQUE,NM87125	26-4654545	501(C)(3)	10,000	METHANE
(75) NEW YORK CITY ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ALLIANCE INC 462 36TH STREET 3F BROOKLYN,NY11232	13-3779250	501(C)(3)	15,000	STATE AFFAIRS
(76) NEW YORK LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS EDUCATION FUND 30 BROAD STREET 30TH FLOOR NEW YORK,NY10004	13-3727122	501(C)(3)	35,000	DECARBONIZING POWER
(77) NORTH CAROLINA FOREVER PO BOX 1800 RALEIGH,NC27602	81-4607655	501(C)(3)	6,250	STATE AFFAIRS
(78) NORTH CAROLINA MUSEUM OF LIFE AND SCIENCE INC 433 W MURRAY AVE DURHAM,NC27704	56-0938434	501(C)(3)	15,971	JUSTICE AND EQUITY
(79) NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY NCSU BOX 7207 RALEIGH,NC276957214	56-6000756	501(C)(3)	11,000	COASTAL RESILIENCE
(80) NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 633 CLARK STREET EVANSTON,IL60208	36-2167817	501(C)(3)	10,000	TRUCKS
(81) NXT EVENTS MEDIA GROUP LLC 140 ROWAYTON AVE NORWALK,CT06853	81-3528834		7,718	CLIMATE CORPS
(82) OCCIDENTAL ARTS & ECOLOGY CENTER 15290 COLEMAN VALLEY ROAD OCCIDENTAL,CA95465	68-0359676	501(C)(3)	19,008	JUSTICE AND EQUITY
(83) OCEAN OUTCOMES PO BOX 11505 PORTLAND,OR97211	46-4901375	501(C)(3)	85,981	FISHERIES & OCEANS
(84) OIL REGION ALLIANCE OF BUSINESS INDUSTRY & TOURISM 217 ELM STREET OIL CITY,PA16301	25-1118284	501(C)(3)	22,500	METHANE
(85) ORLANDO SCIENCE CENTER INC 777 E PRINCETON ST ORLANDO,FL32803	59-0896343	501(C)(3)	20,000	STATE AFFAIRS
(86) PARTNERSHIP PROJECT INC PO BOX 65826 WASHINGTON,DC20035	52-2192070	501(C)(3)	300,000	PARTNERSHIPS
(87) PENNENVIRONMENT RESEARCH & POLICY CENTER INC 1528 WALNUT STREET SUITE 1400 PHILADELPHIA,PA19102	05-0530668	501(C)(3)	15,000	METHANE
(88) PENNSYLVANIA ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCILINC 810 RIVER AVENUE SUITE 201 PITTSBURGH,PA15212	23-7286159	501(C)(3)	32,500	METHANE
(89) PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY (THE) 201 OLD MAIN UNIVERSITY PARK,PA16802	24-6000376	501(C)(3)	145,675	ORPHAN WELLS
(90) PERRY INSTITUTE FOR MARINE SCIENCE INC 5356 MAIN STREET PO BOX 435 WAITSFIELD,VT05673	59-1308004	501(C)(3)	44,275	RECREATIONAL FISHING
(91) PLANET REIMAGINED INC 150 BROADWAY SUITE 1302 NEW YORK,NY10038	83-1560579	501(C)(3)	200,000	COMMUNICATIONS
(92) POWERHOUSE TEXAS 5900 BALCONES DRIVE STE 6453 AUSTIN,TX78731	88-2031739	501(C)(3)	10,000	STATE AFFAIRS
(93) PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE 1033 MASSACHUSETTS AVE 3RD FLOOR CAMBRIDGE,MA02138	04-2103580	501(C)(3)	152,543	SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
(94) PROGRESSNOW COLORADO EDUCATION C/O SARA LOFLIN1536 WYNKOOP STREET SUITE 300 DENVER,CO802021162	73-1674017	501(C)(3)	115,000	METHANE
(95) PROJECT FOR CLEAN ENERGY AND INNOVATION C/O 38 NORTH SOLUTIONS 407 S EDGEWOOD ST ARLINGTON,VA22204	46-5272509	501(C)(4)	47,500	METHANE
(96) PUBLIC LAND SOLUTIONS 478 MILL CREEK DRIVE MOAB,UT84532	45-4818675	501(C)(3)	30,000	METHANE
(97) REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA 1210 MESA RD SANTA BARBARA,CA93106	95-6006145	501(C)(3)	30,000	FISHERIES
(98) REGIONAL PLAN ASSOCIATION INC ONE WHITEHALL STREET 16TH FLOOR NEW YORK,NY10004	13-1624154	501(C)(3)	57,000	CLEAN TRANSPORTATION
(99) REP ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOUNDATION 11705 SUMACS STREET OAKTON,VA22124	31-1683604	501(C)(3)	15,532	METHANE
(100) RESOLVE INC 2445 M STREET NW 550 WASHINGTON,DC20037	52-1841035	501(C)(3)	20,000	LEAD
(101) RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE INC 1616 P STREET NW WASHINGTON,DC20036	53-0220900	501(C)(3)	60,000	WILDFIRE RESILIENCE
(102) RGISC INC 1 WEST END WASHINGTON ST BLDG P-11 LAREDO,TX78040	74-2742037	501(C)(3)	25,000	METHANE
(103) RIDERS ALLIANCE INC 150 BROADWAY SUITE 1005 NEW YORK,NY10038	84-3709393	501(C)(3)	50,000	CLEAN TRANSPORTATION
(104) ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE 2490 JUNCTION PLACE SUITE 200 BOULDER,CO80301	74-2244146	501(C)(3)	192,500	CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT
(105) SANKOFA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 5200 DAUPHINE STREET NEW ORLEANS,LA70117	26-3471054	501(C)(3)	10,000	JUSTICE AND EQUITY
(106) SIERRA CLUB FOUNDATION 2101 WEBSTER STREET SUITE 1250 OAKLAND,CA94612	94-6069890	501(C)(3)	45,000	METHANE
(107) SOUTHFACE ENERGY INSTITUTE INC 241 PINE STREET NE ATLANTA,GA30308	58-1357547	501(C)(3)	7,500	US COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
(108) SUSTAINABLE FOOD LABORATORY INC 3 LINDEN RD HARTLAND,VT05048	81-1854413	501(C)(3)	40,600	METHANE
(109) TAXPAYERS FOR COMMON SENSE 651 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE SE WASHINGTON,DC20003	52-1941122	501(C)(3)	90,000	METHANE
(110) TEXAS A&M ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION (FISCAL OFFICE) 1111 RELLIS PARKWAY BRYAN,TX77840	74-1974733	501(C)(3)	10,257	STATE AFFAIRS
(111) TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY PO BOX 15819 COLLEGE STATION,TX77841	74-6000531	501(C)(3)	88,010	CLEAN AIR
(112) TEXAS IMPACT EDUCATION FUND 200 EAST 30TH STREET AUSTIN,TX78705	74-2989021	501(C)(3)	10,000	METHANE
(113) TEXAS SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION 3100 CLEBURNE STREET HANNAH HALL HOUSTON,TX77004	74-1620415	501(C)(3)	110,000	CLEAN AIR
(114) THE ADMINISTRATORS OF THE TULANE EDUCATIONAL FUND 6823 ST CHARLES AVE NEW ORLEANS,LA70118	72-0423889	501(C)(3)	10,000	STATE AFFAIRS
(115) THE BLACK FLEET NETWORK INC 2592 SOUTH HAIRSTON RD DECATUR,GA30035	88-1016199	501(C)(3)	18,480	CLIMATE CORPS
(116) THE FARMERS EDUCATIONAL AND COOPERATIVE UNION OF AMERICA ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIV ISION 7900 E UNION AVE 200 DENVER,CO80237	84-6025998	501(C)(5)	25,000	METHANE
(117) THE NATURE CONSERVANCY 4245 FAIRFAX DRIVE ARLINGTON,VA222031606	53-0242652	501(C)(3)	168,839	FISHERIES & OCEANS
(118) THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PO BOX 9 ALBANY,NY12201	14-1368361	501(C)(3)	137,721	SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
(119) THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE FOUNDATION INC 1525 UNIVERSITY AVENUE ROOM 223 KNOXVILLE,TN379214848	62-1844686	501(C)(3)	98,425	AGRICULTURAL SOILS
(120) THE VOICES OF THE DISADVANTAGED 129 N PARK STREET REED CITY,MI49677	88-4157694		10,000	Clean Affordable Power
(121) TIDES FOUNDATION 1012 TORNEY AVE SAN FRANCISCO,CA94129	51-0198509	501(C)(3)	50,000	WATER SYSTEMS
(122) TOGETHER LOUISIANA C/O BRPDEROCL BAGERT2721 S BROAD NEW ORLEANS,LA70125	85-2994623	501(C)(3)	30,000	METHANE
(123) TORREY HOUSE PRESS 2806 E MELONY DR SALT LAKE CITY,UT84124	47-5055025	501(C)(3)	20,000	MARKETING
(124) TRAILHEAD INSTITUTE 1999 BROADWAY SUITE 600 DENVER,CO80202	84-1267213	501(C)(3)	15,000	WATER SYSTEMS
(125) TRUSTEES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY 881 COMMONWEALTH AVE 4TH FLOOR BOSTON,MA022151303	04-2103547	501(C)(3)	39,547	CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT
(126) TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK (THE) C/O JESSICA LEE YIM 615 WEST 131 ST NEW YORK,NY100277922	13-5598093	501(C)(3)	55,000	CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT
(127) TRUSTEES OF PURDUE UNIVERSITY 2550 NORTHWESTERN AVE 1100 WEST LAFAYETTE,IN47906	35-6002041	501(C)(3)	34,755	SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
(128) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MERCED FOUNDATION DBA UC MERCED FDN 5200 NORTH LAKE ROAD MERCED,CA95343	94-3250114	501(C)(3)	10,000	GROUNDWATER
(129) UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL 104 AIRPORT DRIVE CB1270 CHAPEL HILL,NC27599	56-6001393	501(C)(3)	84,403	STATE AFFAIRS
(130) UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 75 LOWER COLLEGE ROAD KINGSTON,RI02881	22-3011455	501(C)(3)	192,223	HYDROGEN
(131) UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN JACKSON SCHOOL OF GEOSCIENCES 2305 SPEEDWAY STOP C1160 AUSTIN,TX78712	74-6000203	501(C)(3)	80,000	METHANE
(132) UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 85 S PROSPECT ST BOX 30 BURLINGTON,VT05405	03-0179440	501(C)(3)	20,000	TRUCKS
(133) VASSAR COLLEGE 124 RAYMOND AVENUE BOX 12 POUGHKEEPSIE,NY12604	14-1338587	501(C)(3)	18,480	CLIMATE CORPS
(134) VET VOICE FOUNDATION INC C/O PETER MELLMAN 2201 WISCONSIN AVE NW STE 320 WASHINGTON,DC20007	26-4627222	501(C)(3)	15,000	METHANE
(135) VIRGINIA CONSERVATION NETWORK 701 E FRANKLIN ST SUITE 800 RICHMOND,VA23219	51-0198762	501(C)(3)	90,000	COASTAL RESILIENCE
(136) VIRGINIA ORGANIZING INC 703 CONCORD AVE CHARLOTTESVILLE,PA229035208	54-1674992	501(C)(3)	23,350	LEAD
(137) WALNUT WAY CONSERVATION CORP 2240 N 17TH STREET MILWAUKEE,WI53205	39-2007850	501(C)(3)	10,000	US COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
(138) WATERSHED SOLUTIONS NETWORK 3336 BRADSHAW RD SUITE 335 SACRAMENTO,CA95827	92-3975275	501(C)(3)	10,000	WATER SYSTEMS
(139) WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CORPORATION PO BOX 6005 ONE WATERFRONT PLACE MORGANTOWN,WV26506	55-0665758	501(C)(3)	142,145	HYDROGEN
(140) WESTERN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW CENTER 120 SHELTON MCMURPHEY BLVD STE 340 EUGENE,OR97401	93-1010269	501(C)(3)	70,000	METHANE
(141) WESTERN LEADERS NETWORK PO BOX 4433 DURANGO,CO81302	82-0625994	501(C)(3)	40,000	METHANE
(142) WESTERN RESOURCE ADVOCATES 1401 WALNUT STREET SUITE 200 BOULDER,CO80302	84-1113831	501(C)(3)	15,000	DECARBONIZING POWER
(143) WETLANDS WATCH INC 2601 GRANBY ST NORFOLK,VA23517	54-2005763	501(C)(3)	65,000	COASTAL RESILIENCE
(144) WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY C/O PATRICK MOUTON 2300 SOUTHERN BLVD BRONX,NY10460	13-1740011	501(C)(3)	40,000	FORESTS
(145) WILLIAM MARSH RICE UNIVERSITY 6100 MAIN STREET MS-70 HOUSTON,TX77005	74-1109620	501(C)(3)	8,400	YOUTH COUNCIL
(146) WINROCK INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 325 WEST CAPITAL 350 LITTLE ROCK,AR72201	71-0603560	501(C)(3)	40,000	FORESTS
(147) WOODWELL CLIMATE RESEARCH CENTER INC 149 WOODS HOLE ROAD FALMOUTH,MA020401644	04-3005094	501(C)(3)	49,372	FORESTS
(148) WORTH ACQUISITION GROUP LLC 155E 44TH ST 18TH NEW YORK,NY10017	83-1059266		15,000	MARKETING
(149) WYOMING OUTDOOR COUNCIL 236 S 2ND STREET LANDER,WY82520	83-0259411	501(C)(3)	15,000	METHANE
(150) YES PREP PUBLIC SCHOOLS INC 5455 SOUTH LOOP HOUSTON,TX77033	76-0563835	501(C)(3)	11,670	YOUTH COUNCIL
(151) YOUNG GIFTED & GREEN 100 FLORIDA AVENUE NE 912 WASHINGTON,DC20002	83-1920312	501(C)(3)	35,000	PARTNERSHIPS

Enter total number of section 501(c)(3) and government organizations listed in the line 1 table ................. Bullet Image

137

Enter total number of other organizations listed in the line 1 table ........................ . Bullet Image

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50055P

Schedule I (Form 990) Rev. 1-2025

Page 2

Part III

Grants and Other Assistance to Domestic Individuals. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 22.
Part III can be duplicated if additional space is needed.

(a) Type of grant or assistance	(b) Number of recipients	(c) Amount of cash grant	(d) Amount of noncash assistance	(e) Method of valuation (book, FMV, appraisal, other)	(f) Description of noncash assistance

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

Part IV

Supplemental Information. Provide the information required in Part I, line 2; Part III, column (b); and any other additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

Schedule I, Part I, Line 2 Procedures for monitoring use of grant funds

EDF PROVIDES GRANTS AND OTHER ASSISTANCE TO OTHER ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES THAT PERFORM ALIGNED WORK TO ADVANCE THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS. IN ADDITION, EDF MAKES GRANTS TO GOVERNMENTAL AND QUASI-GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES AS WELL AS OTHER TYPES OF TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS. IN MAKING THESE GRANTS EDF MONITORS THE GRANTEE'S USE OF THE GRANT FUNDS THROUGH WRITTEN REPORTS, SITE VISITS, OR PERIODIC COMMUNICATIONS AND CORRESPONDENCE. THE GRANT MONITORING PROCESS ALSO MAY INCLUDE ISSUING GRANT INSTALLMENTS AFTER MILESTONES AND OBJECTIVES ARE MET AND REQUIRING A FINAL REPORT.

Schedule I (Form 990) Rev. 1-2025

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

- TIN:

Schedule J
(Form 990)
(Rev. January 2025)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Compensation Information

For certain Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest
Compensated Employees
medium right arrow graphic

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 23.
medium right arrow graphic

Attach to Form 990.
medium right arrow graphic

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number

11-6107128

Part I

Questions Regarding Compensation

Yes

Check the appropiate box(es) if the organization provided any of the following to or for a person listed on Form
990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a. Complete Part III to provide any relevant information regarding these items.

First-class or charter travel Housing allowance or residence for personal use

Travel for companions Payments for business use of personal residence

Tax idemnification and gross-up payments Health or social club dues or initiation fees

Discretionary spending account Personal services (e.g., maid, chauffeur, chef)

If any of the boxes on Line 1a are checked, did the organization follow a written policy regarding payment or reimbursement or provision of all of the expenses described above? If "No," complete Part III to explain .....

Did the organization require substantiation prior to reimbursing or allowing expenses incurred by all
directors, trustees, officers, including the CEO/Executive Director, regarding the items checked on Line 1a? ....

Indicate which, if any, of the following the filing organization used to establish the compensation of the
organization's CEO/Executive Director. Check all that apply. Do not check any boxes for methods
used by a related organization to establish compensation of the CEO/Executive Director, but explain in Part III.

Compensation committee Written employment contract

Independent compensation consultant Compensation survey or study

Form 990 of other organizations Approval by the board or compensation committee

During the year, did any person listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, with respect to the filing organization or a related organization:

Receive a severance payment or change-of-control payment? .............

Participate in, or receive payment from, a supplemental nonqualified retirement plan? .........

Yes

Participate in, or receive payment from, an equity-based compensation arrangement? .........

If "Yes" to any of lines 4a-c, list the persons and provide the applicable amounts for each item in Part III.

Only 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), and 501(c)(29) organizations must complete lines 5-9.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the revenues of:

The organization? ....................

Any related organization? .......................

If "Yes," on line 5a or 5b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization pay or accrue any
compensation contingent on the net earnings of:

The organization? ..................

Any related organization? ......................

If "Yes," on line 6a or 6b, describe in Part III.

For persons listed on Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, did the organization provide any nonfixed
payments not described in lines 5 and 6? If "Yes," describe in Part III ............

Yes

Were any amounts reported on Form 990, Part VII, paid or accured pursuant to a contract that was
subject to the initial contract exception described in Regulations section 53.4958-4(a)(3)? If "Yes," describe
in Part III ..........................

If "Yes" on line 8, did the organization also follow the rebuttable presumption procedure described in Regulations section 53.4958-6(c)? .........................

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50053T

Schedule J (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 2

Part II

Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees. Use duplicate copies if additional space is needed.

For each individual whose compensation must be reported on Schedule J, report compensation from the organization on row (i) and from related organizations, described in the
instructions, on row (ii). Do not list any individuals that are not listed on Form 990, Part VII.
Note. The sum of columns (B)(i)-(iii) for each listed individual must equal the total amount of Form 990, Part VII, Section A, line 1a, applicable column (D) and (E) amounts for that individual.

(A) Name and Title		(B) Breakdown of W-2, 1099-MISC compensation, and/or 1099-NEC			(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)	(F) Compensation in column (B) reported as deferred on prior Form 990
(A) Name and Title		(i) Base compensation	(ii) Bonus & incentive compensation	(iii) Other reportable compensation	(C) Retirement and other deferred compensation	(D) Nontaxable benefits	(E) Total of columns (B)(i)-(D)
1GWEN RUTA THRU 122223 FORMER SENIOR ADVISOR	(i) (ii)	428,076 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	428,076 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
2JAY KNOTT THRU 91623 FORMER COO, SENIOR EXECUTIVE VP	(i) (ii)	215,440 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	215,440 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
3Frederic D Krupp President	(i) (ii)	1,010,866 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	156,992 ------------- 0	50,600 ------------- 0	15,426 ------------- 0	1,233,884 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
4Ronora Pawelko Sr. Director & Sr. Counsel - Political Law	(i) (ii)	189,224 ------------- 0	2,500 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	6,569 ------------- 0	7,621 ------------- 0	205,914 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
5Amanda Leland Executive Director	(i) (ii)	575,826 ------------- 0	50,000 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	27,600 ------------- 0	25,225 ------------- 0	678,651 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
6Sean Cook EVP, Chief Administrative Officer	(i) (ii)	408,015 ------------- 0	25,000 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	27,600 ------------- 0	25,246 ------------- 0	485,861 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
7N Lou Mkanganwi thru 662025 Chief Financial & Technology Officer & Treasurer	(i) (ii)	373,146 ------------- 0	15,000 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	31,840 ------------- 0	16,077 ------------- 0	436,063 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
8CATHERINE NARDONE THRU 123123 FORMER SR. EVP, CHIEF DEV. OFFICER	(i) (ii)	165,811 ------------- 0	25,000 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	190,811 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
9ERIC SCHWAAB THRU 32224 FORMER SVP, PEOPLE AND NATURE	(i) (ii)	171,450 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	171,450 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
10Steven Hamburg SVP, Chief Scientist	(i) (ii)	377,614 ------------- 0	45,000 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	27,600 ------------- 0	15,969 ------------- 0	466,183 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
11Angela Churie Kallhauge EVP, Impact	(i) (ii)	391,099 ------------- 0	25,000 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	34,635 ------------- 0	25,246 ------------- 0	475,980 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
12Mark Brownstein SVP, Energy Transition	(i) (ii)	361,721 ------------- 0	20,000 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	31,961 ------------- 0	25,246 ------------- 0	438,928 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
13Thomas Murray EVP, Solutions	(i) (ii)	379,431 ------------- 0	25,000 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	34,000 ------------- 0	25,246 ------------- 0	463,677 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0
14Amelia Middleton SVP, Chief Marketing & Communications Officer	(i) (ii)	370,698 ------------- 0	10,000 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0	31,449 ------------- 0	25,246 ------------- 0	437,393 ------------- 0	0 ------------- 0

Schedule J (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 3

Part III

Supplemental Information

Provide the information, explanation, or descriptions required for Part I, lines 1a, 1b, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7, and 8, and for Part II. Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference

Explanation

Schedule J, Part I, Line 4b Supplemental nonqualified retirement plan

FREDERIC D. KRUPP, PRESIDENT, RECEIVED A PAYMENT FROM A SECTION 457(F) PLAN IN THE AMOUNT OF $156,992, WHICH IS REPORTED ON SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN (B)(III).

Schedule J, Part I, Line 7 Non-fixed payments

FREDERIC D. KRUPP, PRESIDENT, RECEIVED A NON-FIXED PAYMENT BASED UPON PERFORMANCE, WHICH WAS APPROVED BY THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE AND IS REPORTED ON SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN (B)(II). ADDITIONALLY, THE FOLLOWING EMPLOYEES RECEIVED A NON-FIXED PAYMENT BASED UPON PERFORMANCE, WHICH WAS APPROVED BY EDF'S PRESIDENT AND IS ALSO REPORTED ON SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN (B)(II): - CATHERINE NARDONE, FORMER SENIOR EVP, CHIEF DEVELOPMENT OFFICER - AMANDA LELAND, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR - THOMAS MURRAY, EVP, SOLUTIONS - SEAN COOK, SVP, CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER - N. LOU MKANGANWI, FORMER CHIEF FINANCIAL & TECHNOLOGY OFFICER & TREASURER - STEVEN HAMBURG, SVP, CHIEF SCIENTIST - RONORA PAWELKO, Sr. Director & Sr. Counsel - Political Law - ANGELA CHURIE KALLHAUGE, EXECUTIVE VP, IMPACT -MARK BROWNSTEIN, SVP, ENERGY TRANSITION -AMELIA MIDDLETON, SVP, CHIEF MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER

Schedule J (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

- TIN:

SCHEDULE M
(Form 990)

Department of the Treasury

Internal Revenue Service

Noncash Contributions

Complete if the organizations answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, lines 29 or 30.
Right pointing arrow large image

Attach to Form 990.
Right pointing arrow large image

Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

2024

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number

11-6107128

Part I

Types of Property

	(b) Number of contributions or items contributed	(c) Noncash contribution amounts reported on Form 990, Part VIII, line 1g	(d) Method of determining noncash contribution amounts
1 Art—Works of art ....
2 Art—Historical treasures .
3 Art—Fractional interests ..
4 Books and publications ..
5 Clothing and household goods .......
6 Cars and other vehicles ..
7 Boats and planes ....
8 Intellectual property ...
9 Securities—Publicly traded .	253	49,973,352	Market value
10 Securities—Closely held stock .
11 Securities—Partnership, LLC, or trust interests ....
12 Securities—Miscellaneous ..
13 Qualified conservation contribution—Historic structures .....
14 Qualified conservation contribution—Other ...
15 Real estate—Residential .
16 Real estate—Commercial ..
17 Real estate—Other ...
18 Collectibles .....
19 Food inventory ...
20 Drugs and medical supplies .
21 Taxidermy ......
22 Historical artifacts ....
23 Scientific specimens ..
24 Archeological artifacts ...
25 Other ( )
26 Other ( )
27 Other ( )
28 Other ( )

Number of Forms 8283 received by the organization during the tax year for contributions
for which the organization completed Form 8283, Part IV, Donee Acknowledgement

Yes

30a

During the year, did the organization receive by contribution any property reported in Part I, lines 1 through 28, that it must hold for at least three years from the date of the initial contribution, and which isn't required to be used for exempt purposes for the entire holding period? ...................

30a

If "Yes," describe the arrangement in Part II.

Does the organization have a gift acceptance policy that requires the review of any nonstandard contributions?

Yes

32a

Does the organization hire or use third parties or related organizations to solicit, process, or sell noncash

contributions? ..........................

32a

Yes

If "Yes," describe in Part II.

If the organization didn't report an amount in column (c) for a type of property for which column (a) is checked,

describe in Part II.

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 51227J

Schedule M (Form 990) (2024)

Page 2

Part IISupplemental Information. Provide the information required by Part I, lines 30b, 32b, and 33, and whether the organization is reporting in Part I, column (b), the number of contributions, the number of items received, or a combination of both. Also complete this part for any additional information.

Return Reference	Explanation
Schedule M, Part I, Line 32b Third parties used to solicit, process, or sell noncash contributions	IT IS EDF'S POLICY TO USE A THIRD PARTY TO SELL AT MARKET VALUE, ALL STOCK GIFTS WHEN RECEIVED.
Schedule M, Part I Explanations of reporting method for number of contributions	Securities - Publicly traded - 253 REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS.

Schedule M (Form 990) (2024)

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

- TIN:

SCHEDULE O
(Form 990)
(Rev. January 2025)
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ

Complete to provide information for responses to specific questions on
Form 990 or 990-EZ or to provide any additional information.
Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ.
Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

Open to Public
Inspection

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number

11-6107128

Return Reference	Explanation
Form 990, Part III, Line 4d Description of other program services	(Expenses $ 72,968,353 including grants of $ 5,843,734)(Revenue $ 0) PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES TO SUPPORT PEOPLE'S HEALTH AND REGIONALLY FOCUSED WORK.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 11b Review of form 990 by governing body	FORM 990 WAS PREPARED BY A NATIONAL ACCOUNTING FIRM IN CONJUNCTION WITH INFORMATION PROVIDED BY EDF'S FINANCE DEPARTMENT AND MEMBERS OF SENIOR MANAGEMENT. EDF HAS PROVIDED A COMPLETE FORM 990 TO ITS AUDIT CHAIR BEFORE FILING THE FORM. With the exception of the names and addresses of donors on Schedule B, EDF has provided a complete form 990 to the Board of Trustees before filing the form.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 12c Conflict of interest policy	IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ALL TRUSTEES AND EMPLOYEES OF EDF TO FAMILIARIZE THEMSELVES WITH THE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST POLICY AND TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE. IN ADDITION, EACH TRUSTEE AND EMPLOYEE IS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST CERTIFICATION. DIRECTORS WHO KNOWINGLY OR UNKNOWINGLY VIOLATE THE POLICY ARE SUBJECT TO CENSURE OR REMOVAL AT THE DISCRETION OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. EMPLOYEES WHO KNOWINGLY OR UNKNOWINGLY VIOLATE THE POLICY WILL BE SUBJECT TO DISCIPLINARY ACTION, INCLUDING POSSIBLE DISMISSAL. ALL NEW TRUSTEES ARE REQUIRED TO MAKE CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURES.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 15a Process to establish compensation of top management official	COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF EDF IS DETERMINED BY THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. THE COMMITTEE EVALUATES PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION USING THE SERVICES OF AN INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT, WITH DATA FROM SURVEYS, PUBLIC DISCLOSURES OF OTHER CHARITIES, AND PROPRIETARY SOURCES. THE COMMITTEE REVIEWS COMPENSATION INFORMATION DURING ITS MEETING, WITH THE PRESIDENT PRESENT ONLY FOR A PORTION OF THE MEETING TO DISCUSS COMPENSATION AND PERFORMANCE. THE COMMITTEE MAKES FINAL DECISIONS IN EXECUTIVE SESSION. THE COMMITTEE IS AWARE AND MAY EVALUATE COMPENSATION OF OTHER KEY EMPLOYEES AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT, BUT THE PRESIDENT MAKES THE DECISIONS FOR THOSE ROLES.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 19 Required documents available to the public	EDF MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLE AS REQUIRED BY LAW.
Form 990, Part VIII, Line 6a	RENTAL INCOME IS IN CONNECTION WITH EDF'S SUBLEASE OF A PREMISE TO A SUBTENANT. EDF PROVIDES NO SUBSTANTIAL PERSONAL SERVICES TO THE LESSEE, NO MORE THAN 50% OF THE RENT IS FOR THE USE OF PERSONAL PROPERTY, THE PROPERTY IS NOT DEBT-FINANCED INCOME OR LEASED TO A CONTROLLED ENTITY. AS A RESULT, THE RENTAL INCOME IS EXCLUDED FROM UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME UNDER INTERNAL REVENUE CODE SECTION 512(B)(3).
Form 990, Part IX, Line 11g Other Fees	PROFESSIONAL AND CONSULTING FEES - Total Expense: 40362616, Program Service Expense: 37791392, Management and General Expenses: 1069861, Fundraising Expenses: 1501363;
Form 990, Part XI, Line 9 Other changes in net assets or fund balances	Foreign Exchange Loss - -343491; Total - -343491;

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ.

Cat. No. 51056K

Schedule O (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

- TIN:

SCHEDULE R
(Form 990)
(Rev. January 2025)

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Related Organizations and Unrelated Partnerships

Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 33, 34, 35b, 36, or 37.
Attach to Form 990.
Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information.

OMB No. 1545-0047

Open to Public Inspection

Name of the organization

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Employer identification number

11-6107128

Part I

Identification of Disregarded Entities. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 33.

(a) Name, address, and EIN (if applicable) of disregarded entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Total income	(e) End-of-year assets	(f) Direct controlling entity
(1) METHANESAT LLC 301 CONGRESS AVE 1700 AUSTIN,TX78701 83-2785818	SERVICE PROVIDER	NY	21,425,590	38,667,320	EDF
(2) SATMGMT LLC 257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH NEW YORK,NY10010 83-3447081	SERVICE PROVIDER	NY	200,747	1,804,480	EDF

Part II

Identification of Related Tax-Exempt Organizations. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related tax-exempt organizations during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	(g) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Exempt Code section	(e) Public charity status (if section 501(c)(3))	(f) Direct controlling entity	Yes	No
(1)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND 257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH NEW YORK,NY10010 90-0080500	ADVOCACY	DE	501(c)(4)		EDF	Yes
(2)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND DE MEXICO AC REVOLUCIN NO 345 COL CENTRO LA PAZ,BAJA CALI. SURCP23000 MX	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION	MX			EDF	Yes
(3)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND UK C/O SEDULO LONDON OFFICE 605 ALBERT HOUSE 256-260 OLD STREET LONDON EC1V9DD UK	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION	UK			EDF	Yes
(4)STICHTING ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND EUROPE JOOP GEESINKWEG 501 1114 AB AMSTERDAM AMSTERDAM NL	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION	NL			EDF	Yes
(5)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND JAPAN FOUNDATION 8F KS BUILDING 4-5-20 KOJIMACHI CHIYODAKU,TOKYO1020083 JA	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION	JA			EDF	Yes
(6)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC 555 12TH STREET NW SUITE 400 WASHINGTON,DC20004 84-4194778	ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES	NY	527		EDAF		No
(7)RESTORE OUR LOUISIANA COAST FUND PO BOX 30083 NEW ORLEANS,LA70190 84-3067920	ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES	LA	527		EDAF		No
(8)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND TEXAS PAC 301 CONGRESS AVENUE SUITE 1300 AUSTIN,TX78701 88-0977360	ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES	TX	527		EDAF		No
(9)KEEP THE LIGHTS ON PO BOX 30083 New Orleans,LA70190 88-3782491	ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES	LA	527		EDAF		No
(10)ENERGY ACTION PAC 4000 WESTCHASE BOULEVARD SUITE 500 RALEIGH,NC27607 81-3442116	ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES	NC	527		EDAF		No
(11)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND CA PAC 123 MISSION STREET 28TH FLOOR SAN FRANCISCO,CA94105 99-4863344	ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES	CA	527		EDAF		No
(12)ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND VA PAC 555 12TH STREET NW SUITE 400 Washington,DC20004 33-4049978	ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES	DC	527		EDAF		No
(13)EDF ACTION VOTES INC PO BOX 15845 WASHINGTON,DC20003 84-1880479	ELECTORAL ACTIVITIES	DC	527		EDAF		No

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990.

Cat. No. 50135Y

Schedule R (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 2

Part III

Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Partnership. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34, because it had one or more related organizations treated as a partnership during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?		(k) Percentage ownership
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No	(k) Percentage ownership

Part IV

Identification of Related Organizations Taxable as a Corporation or Trust. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34 because it had one or more related organizations treated as a corporation or trust during the tax year.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(e) Type of entity (C corp, S corp, or trust)	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Percentage ownership	(i) Section 512(b)(13) controlled entity?
(a) Name, address, and EIN of related organization	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(d) Direct controlling entity	(e) Type of entity (C corp, S corp, or trust)	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Percentage ownership	Yes	No

Schedule R (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 3

Part V

Transactions With Related Organizations. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 34, 35b, or 36.

Note. Complete line 1 if any entity is listed in Parts II, III, or IV of this schedule.

Yes

1 During the tax year, did the orgranization engage in any of the following transactions with one or more related organizations listed in Parts II-IV?

a Receipt of (i) interest, (ii) annuities, (iii) royalties, or (iv) rent from a controlled entity .....................

b Gift, grant, or capital contribution to related organization(s) ............................

Yes

c Gift, grant, or capital contribution from related organization(s) ............................

d Loans or loan guarantees to or for related organization(s) ............................

e Loans or loan guarantees by related organization(s) ............................

Yes

f Dividends from related organization(s) ............................

g Sale of assets to related organization(s) ............................

h Purchase of assets from related organization(s) ............................

i Exchange of assets with related organization(s) ............................

j Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets to related organization(s) .......................

k Lease of facilities, equipment, or other assets from related organization(s) ......................

l Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations for related organization(s) .....................

m Performance of services or membership or fundraising solicitations by related organization(s) .................

n Sharing of facilities, equipment, mailing lists, or other assets with related organization(s) ...................

Yes

o Sharing of paid employees with related organization(s) ............................

Yes

p Reimbursement paid to related organization(s) for expenses ............................

q Reimbursement paid by related organization(s) for expenses ............................

r Other transfer of cash or property to related organization(s) ............................

s Other transfer of cash or property from related organization(s) ............................

If the answer to any of the above is "Yes," see the instructions for information on who must complete this line, including covered relationships and transaction thresholds.

(a) Name of related organization	(b) Transaction type (a-s)	(c) Amount involved	(d) Method of determining amount involved
(1) ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND	N	1,976,070	fmv
(2) ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND	O	3,635,955	FMV
(3) ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND UK	B	11,176,373	FMV

Schedule R (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 4

Part VI

Unrelated Organizations Taxable as a Partnership. Complete if the organization answered "Yes" on Form 990, Part IV, line 37.

Provide the following information for each entity taxed as a partnership through which the organization conducted more than five percent of its activities (measured by total assets or gross revenue) that was not a related organization. See instructions regarding exclusion for certain investment partnerships.

(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	(e) Are all partners section 501(c)(3) organizations?		(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	(h) Disproprtionate allocations?		(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	(j) General or managing partner?		(k) Percentage ownership
(a) Name, address, and EIN of entity	(b) Primary activity	(c) Legal domicile (state or foreign country)	Yes	No	(f) Share of total income	(g) Share of end-of-year assets	Yes	No	(i) Code V-UBI amount in box 20 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)	Yes	No	(k) Percentage ownership

Schedule R (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Page 5

Part VII

Supplemental Information

Provide additional information for responses to questions on Schedule R. See instructions.

Return Reference

Explanation

Schedule R, Part II Lines 6-13

The entities listed on Schedule R, Part II, Lines 6-13 are included because EDF and EDF Action are treated as "related." EDF is organized and operated exclusively for charitable and educational purposes and does not participate in, support, or engage in any manner, directly or indirectly, in the operation of the political organizations or any other partisan political activity in support of or opposition to any candidate or political committee.

Schedule R (Form 990) (Rev. 1-2025)

Additional Data

Software ID:	24020961
Software Version:	2024v5.1

1	Was the organization a U.S. transferor of property to a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 926, Return by a U.S. Transferor of Property to a Foreign Corporation (see Instructions for Form 926). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
2	Did the organization have an interest in a foreign trust during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to separately file Form 3520, Annual Return to Report Transactions with Foreign Trusts and Receipt of Certain Foreign Gifts, and/or Form 3520-A, Annual Information Return of Foreign Trust With a U.S. Owner (see Instructions for Forms 3520 and 3520-A; don't file with Form 990). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
3	Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign corporation during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 5471, Information Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Corporations. (see Instructions for Form 5471). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
4	Was the organization a direct or indirect shareholder of a passive foreign investment company or a qualified electing fund during the tax year? If “Yes,” the organization may be required to file Form 8621, Information Return by a Shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund. (see Instructions for Form 8621) .	Yes	No
5	Did the organization have an ownership interest in a foreign partnership during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to file Form 8865, Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Partnerships (see Instructions for Form 8865). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No
6	Did the organization have any operations in or related to any boycotting countries during the tax year? If "Yes," the organization may be required to separately file Form 5713, International Boycott Report (see Instructions for Form 5713; don't file with Form 990).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Yes	No